| the physicochemical and environmental factors affecting the distribution of anopheles merus along the kenyan coast. | members of the anopheles gambiae complex are the main transmitters of malaria. anopheles merus is a member of the complex found along the kenyan coast because it breeds in saline waters. an entomological study was conducted in garithe malindi district, to investigate the physicochemical and environmental factors affecting the distribution of an. merus. | 2015 | 25889775 |
| genomic analyses of three malaria vectors reveals extensive shared polymorphism but contrasting population histories. | anopheles gambiae s.l. are important malaria vectors, but little is known about their genomic variation in the wild. here, we present inter- and intraspecies analysis of genome-wide radseq data, in three anopheles gambiae s.l. species collected from east africa. the mosquitoes fall into three genotypic clusters representing described species (a. gambiae, a. arabiensis, and a. merus) with no evidence of cryptic breeding units. anopheles merus is the most divergent of the three species, supporting ... | 2014 | 24408911 |
| netting barriers to prevent mosquito entry into houses in southern mozambique: a pilot study. | one of the best ways to control the transmission of malaria is by breaking the vector-human link, either by reducing the effective population size of mosquitoes or avoiding infective bites. reducing house entry rates in endophagic vectors by obstructing openings is one simple way of achieving this. mosquito netting has previously been shown to have this effect. more recently different materials that could also be used have come onto the market. therefore, a pilot study was conducted to investiga ... | 2013 | 23497325 |
| the bionomics of anopheles merus (diptera: culicidae) along the kenyan coast. | anopheles merus, a sibling species of the anopheles gambiae complex occurs along the east african coast but its biology and role in malaria transmission in this region is poorly understood. we evaluated the blood feeding pattern and the role of this species in malaria transmission in malindi district, coastal kenya. | 2013 | 23410133 |
| no evidence for positive selection at two potential targets for malaria transmission-blocking vaccines in anopheles gambiae s.s. | human malaria causes nearly a million deaths in sub-saharan africa each year. the evolution of drug-resistance in the parasite and insecticide resistance in the mosquito vector has complicated control measures and made the need for new control strategies more urgent. anopheles gambiae s.s. is one of the primary vectors of human malaria in africa, and parasite-transmission-blocking vaccines targeting anopheles proteins have been proposed as a possible strategy to control the spread of the disease ... | 2013 | 23357581 |
| entomological indices of malaria transmission in chikhwawa district, southern malawi. | although malaria is highly prevalent throughout malawi, little is known of its transmission dynamics. this paper describes the seasonal activity of the different vectors, human biting indices, sporozoite rates and the entomological inoculation rate in a low-lying rural area in southern malawi. | 2012 | 23171123 |
| comparison of the standard who susceptibility tests and the cdc bottle bioassay for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors and their correlation with biochemical and molecular biology assays in benin, west africa. | the detection of insecticide resistance in natural populations of anopheles vectors is absolutely necessary for malaria control. in the african region, the who insecticide susceptibility test is the most common method for assessing resistance status. in order to search for a simple, rapid and more reliable technique in the assessment of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors, we compared the who tests with the cdc bottle bioassay in the ouemé province of southern benin where insecticide resis ... | 2013 | 23688233 |
| methanolic extract of agerantum conyzoides exhibited toxicity and growth disruption activities against anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and anopheles arabiensis larvae. | vector control remains the mainstay to effective malaria management. the negative implications following persistent application of synthetic insecticides geared towards regulation of mosquito populations have necessitated prospection for ecofriendly effective chemistries. plant-derived compounds have the potential to control malaria-transmitting mosquito populations. previously, agerantum conyzoides extracts have demonstrated toxicity effects on disease-transmitting mosquitoes. however, their ef ... | 2016 | 27876055 |
| development of an allele-specific, loop-mediated, isothermal amplification method (as-lamp) to detect the l1014f kdr-w mutation in anopheles gambiae s. l. | malaria control relies heavily on treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying with pyrethroid insecticides. unfortunately, the resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, mainly due to the kdr mutation, is spreading in the main malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.l., decreasing the insecticides' efficacy. to manage the insecticide resistance rapidly and flexibly, simple and effective tools for the early detection of resistant mosquitoes are needed. this study aimed to develop an allele-specific, loo ... | 2012 | 22770418 |
| mass spectrometry identification of age-associated proteins from the malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles stephensi. | this study investigated proteomic changes occurring in anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi during adult mosquito aging. these changes were evaluated using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige) and the identities of aging related proteins were determined using capillary high-pressure liquid chromatography (caphplc) coupled with a linear ion-trap (ltq)-orbitrap xl hybrid mass spectrometry (ms). here, we have described the techniques used to determine age associated proteom ... | 2015 | 26306320 |
| ovipositional behavior of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | mosquito eggs laid within two hours are necessary for transgenic (injection) studies, because mosquito eggs become hard after that period. thus, in order to have eggs available within this two-hour window, it is important to understand the ovipositional behavior of anopheles gambiae s.s.. in the present study, the ovipositional behavior of an. gambiae s.s. (kisumu) was investigated in several different conditions: age of mosquitoes, time post blood meal to access oviposition substrate, and light ... | 2014 | 25589884 |
| effects of co-habitation between anopheles gambiae s.s. and culex quinquefasciatus aquatic stages on life history traits. | the effective measures for the control of malaria and filariasis vectors can be achieved by targeting immature stages of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes in productive habitat. to design this strategy, the mechanisms (like biotic interactions with conspecifc and heterospecific larvae) regulating mosquito aquatic stages survivorship, development time and the size of emerging adults should be understood. this study explored the effect of co-habitation between an. gambiae s.s. and cx. quinquefasc ... | 2012 | 22321562 |
| mansonia africana and mansonia uniformis are vectors in the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis in ghana. | recent data from ghana indicates that after seven rounds of annual mass drug administration (mda) there is still sustained transmission albeit at low levels in certain areas where anopheles melas, an. gambiae s.s., mansonia and culex species are the main biting mosquitoes. anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. funestus are the known vectors in ghana and a recent report indicated that an. melas could transmit at low level microfilaraemia. however, because an. melas is not found everywhere there was the ... | 2012 | 22564488 |
| an affordable, quality-assured community-based system for high-resolution entomological surveillance of vector mosquitoes that reflects human malaria infection risk patterns. | more sensitive and scalable entomological surveillance tools are required to monitor low levels of transmission that are increasingly common across the tropics, particularly where vector control has been successful. a large-scale larviciding programme in urban dar es salaam, tanzania is supported by a community-based (cb) system for trapping adult mosquito densities to monitor programme performance. | 2012 | 22624853 |
| large fluctuations in the effective population size of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae s.s. during vector control cycle. | on bioko island, equatorial guinea, indoor residual spraying (irs) has been part of the bioko island malaria control project since early 2004. despite success in reducing childhood infections, areas of high transmission remain on the island. we therefore examined fluctuations in the effective population size (n e ) of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae in an area of persistent high transmission over two spray rounds. we analyzed data for 13 microsatellite loci from 791 an. gambiae specimens co ... | 2013 | 24478799 |
| malaria transmission after five years of vector control on bioko island, equatorial guinea. | malaria is endemic with year-round transmission on bioko island. the bioko island malaria control project (bimcp) started in 2004 with the aim to reduce malaria transmission and to ultimately eliminate malaria. while the project has been successful in reducing overall malaria morbidity and mortality, foci of high malaria transmission still persist on the island. results from the 2009 entomological collections are reported here. | 2012 | 23146423 |
| malaria transmission in libreville: results of a one year survey. | in gabon, vector transmission has been poorly studied. since the implementation of the roll back malaria recommendations, clinical studies have shown a decline in the burden of malaria in libreville, the capital city of gabon. to better understand the transmission dynamic in libreville, an entomological survey was conducted in five districts of the city. | 2012 | 22321336 |
| the dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in anopheles arabiensis from zanzibar and an assessment of the underlying genetic basis. | the emergence of pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, threatens to undermine the considerable gains made towards eliminating malaria on zanzibar. previously, resistance was restricted to the island of pemba while mosquitoes from unguja, the larger of the two islands of zanzibar, were susceptible. here, we characterised the mechanism(s) responsible for resistance on zanzibar using a combination of gene expression and target-site mutation assays. | 2013 | 24314005 |
| a small-scale field trial of pyriproxyfen-impregnated bed nets against pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae s.s. in western kenya. | pyrethroid resistance is becoming a major problem for vector control programs, because at present, there are few suitable chemical substitutes for pyrethroids, as when used on bed nets the insecticide must have low mammalian toxicity as well as high activity to mosquitoes. pyriproxyfen (ppf) is one of the most active chemicals among the juvenile hormone mimic (jhm) group. sterilizing mosquitoes by using ppf could be a potential control measure for pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors. we investi ... | 2014 | 25333785 |
| biting behaviour of african malaria vectors: 1. where do the main vector species bite on the human body? | malaria control in africa relies heavily on indoor vector management, primarily indoor residual spraying and insecticide treated bed nets. little is known about outdoor biting behaviour or even the dynamics of indoor biting and infection risk of sleeping household occupants. in this paper we explore the preferred biting sites on the human body and some of the ramifications regarding infection risk and exposure management. | 2015 | 25650005 |
| gravid anopheles gambiae sensu stricto avoid ovipositing in bermuda grass hay infusion and it's volatiles in two choice egg-count bioassays. | a number of mosquito species in the culex and aedes genera prefer to lay eggs in bermuda grass (cynodon dactylon) hay infusions compared to water alone. these mosquitoes are attracted to volatile compounds from the hay infusions making the infusions effective baits in gravid traps used for monitoring vectors of arboviral and filarial pathogens. since bermuda grass is abundant and widespread, it is plausible to explore infusions made from it as a potential low cost bait for outdoor monitoring of ... | 2016 | 27177033 |
| experimental hut evaluation of linalool spatial repellent agar gel against anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquitoes in a semi-field system in bagamoyo, tanzania. | malaria vector control is in need of new tools to face its current challenges such as the spread of pyrethroid-resistance and the increase of outdoor feeding mosquitoes. new strategies such as spatial repellents need to be evaluated as supplemental tools to existing control measures such as insecticide treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying. linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol commonly found in flowers and spices with reportedly repellent properties. | 2014 | 25477012 |
| dissecting the mechanisms responsible for the multiple insecticide resistance phenotype in anopheles gambiae s.s., m form, from vallée du kou, burkina faso. | with the exception of target site mutations, insecticide resistance mechanisms in the principle malaria vector anopheles gambiae, remains largely uncharacterized in burkina faso. here we detected high prevalence of resistance in vallée du kou (vk) to pyrethroids, ddt and dieldrin, moderate level for carbamates and full susceptibility to organophosphates. high frequencies of l1014f kdr (75%) and rdl (87%) mutations were observed showing strong correlation with pyrethroids/ddt and dieldrin resista ... | 2013 | 23380570 |
| biochemical characterization of anopheles gambiae srpn6, a malaria parasite invasion marker in mosquitoes. | serine proteinase inhibitors of the serpin family are well known as negative regulators of hemostasis, thrombolysis and innate immune responses. additionally, non-inhibitory serpins serve functions as chaperones, hormone transporters, or anti-angiogenic factors. in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae s.s., at least three serpins (srpns) are implicated in the innate immune response against malaria parasites. based on reverse genetic and cell biological analyses, agsrpn6 limits parasit ... | 2012 | 23152794 |
| modeling the role of environmental variables on the population dynamics of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. | the impact of weather and climate on malaria transmission has attracted considerable attention in recent years, yet uncertainties around future disease trends under climate change remain. mathematical models provide powerful tools for addressing such questions and understanding the implications for interventions and eradication strategies, but these require realistic modeling of the vector population dynamics and its response to environmental variables. | 2012 | 22877154 |
| pyrethroid resistance in anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis in western kenya: phenotypic, metabolic and target site characterizations of three populations. | field and laboratory investigations revealed phenotypic, target site and metabolic resistance to permethrin in an anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) population in bungoma district, a region in western kenya in which malaria is endemic and rates of ownership of insecticide-treated bednets are high. the sensitivity of individual an. gambiae s.l. females as indicated in assays using world health organization (who) test kits demonstrated reduced mortality in response to permethrin, deltamet ... | 2012 | 22861380 |
| effect of swamp cultivation on distribution of anopheline larval habitats in western kenya. | malaria resurgence in highland regions of east africa has been on increase. the spatio-temporal distribution of larval habitats of malaria vectors determines the distribution of adult vectors, hence, disease transmission. vector's ecology is necessary for strategic vector control through effective plan for source reduction. mapping of the larval habitats is necessary for targeted control measures. the purpose of this study is to assess and compare the spatial and seasonal variations in anophelin ... | 0 | 22898476 |
| spatial and temporal dynamics of malaria transmission in rural western kenya. | understanding the relationship between plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission and health outcomes requires accurate estimates of exposure to infectious mosquitoes. however, measures of exposure such as mosquito density and entomological inoculation rate (eir) are generally aggregated over large areas and time periods, biasing the outcome-exposure relationship. there are few studies examining the extent and drivers of local variation in malaria exposure in endemic areas. | 2012 | 22541138 |
| single-nucleotide polymorphisms for high-throughput genotyping of anopheles arabiensis in east and southern africa. | anopheles arabiensis patton is one of the principal vectors of malaria in sub-saharan africa, occupying a wide variety of ecological zones. this species is increasingly responsible for malaria transmission in africa and is becoming the dominant vector species in some localities. despite its growing importance, little is known about genetic polymorphisms in this species. multiple sequences of various gene fragments from an. arabiensis isolates from cameroon were obtained from genbank. in total, 2 ... | 0 | 22493848 |
| preventive effect of permethrin-impregnated long-lasting insecticidal nets on the blood feeding of three major pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in western kenya. | since the world health organization (who) adopted the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) as a principal strategy for effective malaria prevention and control, pyrethroids have been the only class of insecticides used for llins. the dramatic success of insecticide-treated nets (itns) and llins in african countries, however, has been threatened by the rapid development of pyrethroid resistance in vector mosquitoes. itns and llins are still used as effective self-protection measures, but ... | 2014 | 25141947 |
| underpinning sustainable vector control through informed insecticide resistance management. | there has been rapid scale-up of malaria vector control in the last ten years. both of the primary control strategies, long-lasting pyrethroid treated nets and indoor residual spraying, rely on the use of a limited number of insecticides. insecticide resistance, as measured by bioassay, has rapidly increased in prevalence and has come to the forefront as an issue that needs to be addressed to maintain the sustainability of malaria control and the drive to elimination. zambia's programme reported ... | 2014 | 24932861 |
| comparative susceptibility to permethrin of two anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from southern benin, regarding mosquito sex, physiological status, and mosquito age. | to investigate what kind of mosquito sample is necessary for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors. | 0 | 25182557 |
| estimating the annual entomological inoculation rate for plasmodium falciparum transmitted by anopheles gambiae s.l. using three sampling methods in three sites in uganda. | the plasmodium falciparum entomological inoculation rate (pfeir) is a measure of exposure to infectious mosquitoes. it is usually interpreted as the number of p. falciparum infective bites received by an individual during a season or annually (apfeir). in an area of perennial transmission, the accuracy, precision and seasonal distribution (i.e., month by month) of apfeir were investigated. data were drawn from three sites in uganda with differing levels of transmission where falciparum malaria i ... | 2014 | 24656206 |
| synergist bioassays: a simple method for initial metabolic resistance investigation of field anopheles gambiae s.l. populations. | metabolic resistance and the potential role of permeability-glycoprotein (p-gp) efflux pumps were investigated in a pyrethroid-resistant wild anopheles gambiae s.l. tiassalé population, using who susceptibility assays with deltamethrin (0.05%), with and without pre-exposure to synergists. the synergists used included an inhibitor of p-glycoprotein efflux pumps (verapamil), an inhibitor of esterases (en 16-5), and an inhibitor of p450s and esterases (piperonyl butoxide). pre-exposure to verapamil ... | 2013 | 24191946 |
| biting patterns and seasonality of anopheles gambiae sensu lato and anopheles funestus mosquitoes in kamuli district, uganda. | we investigated the biting patterns and seasonal abundances of anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. funestus mosquitoes in kamuli district, uganda. | 2013 | 24304974 |
| the efficacy of long-lasting nets with declining physical integrity may be compromised in areas with high levels of pyrethroid resistance. | long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets (llins) are a primary malaria prevention strategy in sub-saharan africa. however, emergence of insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of llins. | 2013 | 24156715 |
| insecticide resistance status of anopheles gambiae s.s population from m'bé: a whopes-labelled experimental hut station, 10 years after the political crisis in côte d'ivoire. | an experimental hut station built at m'bé in 1998 was used for many years for the evaluation of insecticidal product for public health until the civil war broke out in 2002. breeding sites of mosquitoes and selection pressure in the area were maintained by local farming practices and the west african rice development association (warda, actually africarice) in a large rice growing area. ten years after the crisis, bioassays, molecular and biochemical analyses were conducted to update the resista ... | 2013 | 23641777 |
| field evaluation of two novel sampling devices for collecting wild oviposition site seeking malaria vector mosquitoes: oviart gravid traps and squares of electrocuting nets. | new sampling tools are needed for collecting exophilic malaria mosquitoes in sub-saharan africa to monitor the impact of vector control interventions. the oviart gravid trap and squares of electrocuting nets (e-nets) were recently developed under semi-field conditions for collecting oviposition site seeking anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) (s.s.). this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of these traps for sampling malaria vectors under field conditions. | 2016 | 27165292 |
| benchmarking vector arthropod culture: an example using the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | numerous important characteristics of adult arthropods are related to their size; this is influenced by conditions experienced as immatures. arthropods cultured in the laboratory for research, or mass-reared for novel control methods, must therefore be of a standard size range and known quality so that results are reproducible. | 2016 | 27160438 |
| partitioning the contributions of alternative malaria vector species. | in many locations malaria is transmitted by more than one vector species. some vector control interventions, in particular those using genetic approaches, are likely to be targeted against a single species or species complex, at least initially, and it would therefore be useful to be able to predict the epidemiological impact of controlling a single species when multiple vector species are present. | 2016 | 26847084 |
| development and evaluation of mosquito-electrocuting traps as alternatives to the human landing catch technique for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. | the human landing catch (hlc) is the gold standard method for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. however, the hlc is ethically questionable because it requires exposure of humans to potentially infectious mosquito bites. | 2015 | 26670881 |
| comparative evaluation of the sticky-resting-box-trap, the standardised resting-bucket-trap and indoor aspiration for sampling malaria vectors. | understanding mosquito resting behaviour is important for the control of vector-borne diseases, but this remains a challenge because of the paucity of efficient sampling tools. we evaluated two novel sampling methods in the field: the sticky resting box (srb) and the resting bucket trap (rbu) to test their efficiency for sampling malaria vectors resting outdoors and inside houses in rural tanzania. the performance of rbu and srb was compared outdoors, while indoors srb were compared with the bac ... | 2015 | 26383620 |
| lymphatic filariasis baseline survey in two sentinel sites of ogun state, nigeria. | in preparation for mass drug administration by national lymphatic filariasis elimination programme, a baseline epidemiological investigation on lymphatic filariasis (lf) was conducted in two sentinel sites of ogun state, nigeria. the study was carried out in ado-odo ota and abeokuta south local government areas (lgas) to determine lf prevalence, microfilarial density and the abundance of wucheraria bancrofti in the mosquito vectors. | 2015 | 26185587 |
| early biting and insecticide resistance in the malaria vector anopheles might compromise the effectiveness of vector control intervention in southwestern uganda. | southwestern uganda has high malaria heterogeneity despite moderate vector control and other interventions. moreover, the early biting transmission and increased resistance to insecticides might compromise strategies relying on vector control. consequently, monitoring of vector behaviour and insecticide efficacy is needed to assess the effectiveness of strategies aiming at malaria control. this eventually led to an entomological survey in two villages with high malaria prevalence in this region. | 2015 | 25879539 |
| contrasted fitness costs of docking and antibacterial constructs in the ee and evida3 strains validates two-phase anopheles gambiae genetic transformation system. | the deployment of transgenic mosquitoes carrying genes for refractoriness to malaria has long been seen as a futuristic scenario riddled with technical difficulties. the integration of anti-malarial effector genes and a gene-drive system into the mosquito genome without affecting mosquito fitness is recognized as critical to the success of this malaria control strategy. here we conducted detailed fitness studies of two anopheles gambiae s.s. transgenic lines recently developed using a two-phase ... | 2013 | 23840679 |
| reduced hatchability of anopheles gambiae s.s eggs in presence of third instar larvae. | we investigated the hatchability rates of freshly laid anopheles gambiae s.s. eggs in presence of third instars larvae. these experiments were conducted using 30 eggs in larval densities of 20, 60 and 100 larvae in microcosms. these experiments were designed to evaluate the eggs hatchability in habitats with late larvae instars of the same species (experimental) or no larvae at all (control). freshly laid eggs of an.gambiae s.s. were washed in microcosms containing larvae of third instars in dif ... | 2014 | 24725618 |
| additional selection for insecticide resistance in urban malaria vectors: ddt resistance in anopheles arabiensis from bobo-dioulasso, burkina faso. | in the city of bobo-dioulasso in burkina faso, anopheles arabiensis has superseded anopheles gambiae s.s. as the major malaria vector and the larvae are found in highly polluted habitats normally considered unsuitable for anopheles mosquitoes. here we show that an. gambiae s.l. adults emerging from a highly polluted site in the city centre (dioulassoba) have a high prevalence of ddt resistance (percentage mortality after exposure to diagnostic dose=65.8% in the dry season and 70.4% in the rainy ... | 2012 | 23049917 |
| protective efficacy of menthol propylene glycol carbonate compared to n, n-diethyl-methylbenzamide against mosquito bites in northern tanzania. | the reduction of malaria parasite transmission by preventing human-vector contact is critical in lowering disease transmission and its outcomes. this underscores the need for effective and long lasting arthropod/insect repellents. despite the reduction in malaria transmission and outcomes in tanzania, personal protection against mosquito bites is still not well investigated. this study sought to determine the efficacy of menthol propylene glycol carbonate (mr08), ocimum suave as compared to the ... | 2012 | 22950604 |
| toxicity of six plant extracts and two pyridone alkaloids from ricinus communis against the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the african malaria vector, anopheles gambiae s.s., is known to feed selectively on certain plants for sugar sources. however, the adaptive significance of this behaviour especially on how the extracts of such plants impact on the fitness of this vector has not been explored. this study determined the toxicity and larvicidal activity on this vector of extracts from six selected plants found in kenya and two compounds identified from ricinus communis: 3-carbonitrile-4-methoxy-n-methyl-2-pyridone ... | 2014 | 24996560 |
| a dynamic model of some malaria-transmitting anopheline mosquitoes of the afrotropical region. i. model description and sensitivity analysis. | most of the current biophysical models designed to address the large-scale distribution of malaria assume that transmission of the disease is independent of the vector involved. another common assumption in these type of model is that the mortality rate of mosquitoes is constant over their life span and that their dispersion is negligible. mosquito models are important in the prediction of malaria and hence there is a need for a realistic representation of the vectors involved. | 2013 | 23342980 |
| the combination of npk fertilizer and deltamethrin insecticide favors the proliferation of pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | in this laboratory study, we investigated how the biological cycle of anopheles gambiae s.s. (vkpr strain) would be like when grew in an environment containing more or less plant matter (2.5 or 5 g/l) and fertilizer (8-12-8 or 17-23-17 mg/l). half of the environments studied were not exposed to insecticide (control) whereas the other half was submitted to deltamethrin treatment at the concentration of 0.015 mg/l. the bioassays showed that 2.5 g/l of plant matter in water are not sufficient to fe ... | 0 | 22550627 |
| a preliminary investigation of the relationship between water quality and anopheles gambiae larval habitats in western cameroon. | water quality and anopheline habitat have received increasing attention due to the possibility that challenges during larval life may translate into adult susceptibility to malaria parasite infection and/or insecticide resistance. | 2013 | 23819866 |
| temperature during larval development and adult maintenance influences the survival of anopheles gambiae s.s. | malaria transmission depends on vector life-history parameters and population dynamics, and particularly on the survival of adult anopheles mosquitoes. these dynamics are sensitive to climatic and environmental factors, and temperature is a particularly important driver. data currently exist on the influence of constant and fluctuating adult environmental temperature on adult anopheles gambiae s.s. survival and on the effect of larval environmental temperature on larval survival, but none on how ... | 2014 | 25367091 |
| behavioural response of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae to host plant volatiles and synthetic blends. | sugar feeding is critical for survival of malaria vectors and, although discriminative plant feeding previously has been shown to occur in anopheles gambiae s.s., little is known about the cues mediating attraction to these plants. in this study, we investigated the role of olfaction in an. gambiae discriminative feeding behaviour. | 2012 | 23069316 |
| morphological changes in the spiracles of anopheles gambiae s.l (diptera) as a response to the dry season conditions in burkina faso (west africa). | survival to dry season conditions of sub-saharan savannahs is a major challenge for insects inhabiting such environments, especially regarding the desiccation threat they are exposed to. while extensive literature about insect seasonality has revealed morphologic, metabolic and physiological changes in many species, only a few studies have explored the responses following exposure to the stressful dry season conditions in major malaria vectors. here, we explored morphological changes triggered b ... | 2016 | 26739500 |
| presence of the knockdown resistance mutation, vgsc-1014f in anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis in western kenya. | the voltage gated sodium channel mutation vgsc-1014s (kdr-east) was first reported in kenya in 2000 and has since been observed to occur at high frequencies in the local anopheles gambiae s.s. | 2015 | 26626424 |
| combination of insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying in northern tanzania provides additional reduction in vector population density and malaria transmission rates compared to insecticide treated nets alone: a randomised control trial. | indoor residual spraying (irs) combined with insecticide treated nets (itn) has been implemented together in several sub-saharan countries with inconclusive evidence that the combined intervention provides added benefit. the impact on malaria transmission was evaluated in a cluster randomised trial comparing two rounds of irs with bendiocarb plus universal coverage itns, with itns alone in northern tanzania. from april 2011 to december 2012, eight houses in 20 clusters per study arm were sampled ... | 2015 | 26569492 |
| correction: distribution and frequency of kdr mutations within anopheles gambiae s.l. populations and first report of the ace.1g119s mutation in anopheles arabiensis from burkina faso (west africa). | | 2015 | 26528719 |
| efficacy of olyset® duo, a permethrin and pyriproxyfen mixture net against wild pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae s.s. from côte d'ivoire: an experimental hut trial. | pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors has spread across sub-saharan africa. alternative tools and molecules are urgently needed for effective vector control. one of the most promising strategies to prevent or delay the development of resistance is to use at least two molecules having unrelated modes of action in combination in the same bed net. we evaluated in experimental huts in côte d'ivoire, a new polyethylene long-lasting insecticidal net (ln) product, olyset® duo, incorporating permethr ... | 2015 | 26489480 |
| insecticidal and sterilizing effect of olyset duo®, a permethrin and pyriproxyfen mixture net against pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant strains of anopheles gambiae s.s.: a release-recapture assay in experimental huts. | in the context of the widespread distribution of pyrethroid resistance among malaria vectors, we did a release-recapture trial in experimental huts to investigate the insecticidal and sterilizing effects of a novel long-lasting net (ln), olyset® duo, incorporating a mixture of permethrin (per) and the insect growth regulator (igr), pyri-proxyfen (ppf). an ln containing ppf alone and a classic olyset® net were tested in parallel as positive controls. the effect of progressive number of holes (6, ... | 2015 | 26489479 |
| trends in the selection of insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in northwest tanzania during a community randomized trial of longlasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. | anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) in muleba, tanzania has developed high levels of resistance to most insecticides currently advocated for malaria control. the kdr mutation has almost reached fixation in an. gambiae s.s. in muleba. this change has the potential to jeopardize malaria control interventions carried out in the region. trends in insecticide resistance were monitored in two intervention villages using world health organization (who) susceptibility test kits. additional mecha ... | 2014 | 25537754 |
| evidence of multiple mechanisms providing carbamate and organophosphate resistance in field an. gambiae population from atacora in benin. | insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l is a major concern to malaria vector control programmes. in west africa, resistance is mainly due to target-site insensitivity arising from a single point mutation. metabolic-based resistance mechanisms have also been implicated and are currently being investigated in west africa. the aim of this study is to better understand the origins of carbamate and organophosphate resistance in an. gambiae population from atacora, benin in west africa. | 2014 | 25443399 |
| islands and stepping-stones: comparative population structure of anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and anopheles arabiensis in tanzania and implications for the spread of insecticide resistance. | population genetic structures of the two major malaria vectors anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis, differ markedly across sub-saharan africa, which could reflect differences in historical demographies or in contemporary gene flow. elucidation of the degree and cause of population structure is important for predicting the spread of genetic traits such as insecticide resistance genes or artificially engineered genes. here the population genetics of an. gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis in the ... | 2014 | 25353688 |
| performance of five food regimes on anopheles gambiae senso stricto larval rearing to adult emergence in insectary. | rearing of anopheles gambiae s.s mosquitoes in insectary with quality cheap food sources is of paramount importance for better and healthy colony. this study evaluated larval survival and the development rate of aquatic stages of an.gambiae s.s under five food regimes; tetramin fish food (a standard insectary larval food), maize pollen, cerelac, green filamentous algae and dry powdered filamentous algae. | 2014 | 25340408 |
| a low-cost mesocosm for the study of behaviour and reproductive potential in afrotropical mosquito (diptera: culicidae) vectors of malaria. | a large-scale mesocosm was constructed and tested for its effectiveness for use in experiments on behaviour, reproduction and adult survivorship in the afrotropical malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.s. giles (diptera: culicidae) in temperate climates. the large space (82.69 m(3) ) allowed for semi-natural experiments that increased demand on a mosquito's energetic reserves in an environment of widely distributed resources. a one-piece prefabricated enclosure, made with white netting and vinyl, ... | 2014 | 25294339 |
| insecticide resistance in anopheles arabiensis in sudan: temporal trends and underlying mechanisms. | malaria vector control in sudan relies mainly on indoor residual spraying (irs) and the use of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets (llins). monitoring insecticide resistance in the main sudanese malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, is essential for planning and implementing an effective vector control program in this country. | 2014 | 24886129 |
| zoom in at african country level: potential climate induced changes in areas of suitability for survival of malaria vectors. | predicting anopheles vectors' population densities and boundary shifts is crucial in preparing for malaria risks and unanticipated outbreaks. although shifts in the distribution and boundaries of the major malaria vectors (anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis) across africa have been predicted, quantified areas of absolute change in zone of suitability for their survival have not been defined. in this study, we have quantified areas of absolute change conducive for the establishment and sur ... | 2014 | 24885061 |
| larvicidal effect of disinfectant soap on anopheles gambiae s.s (diptera: culicidae) in laboratory and semifield environs. | mosquito larval control using chemicals and biological agents is of paramount importance in vector population and disease incidence reduction. a commercial synthetic disinfectant soap was evaluated against larvae of anopheles gambiae s.s. in both laboratory and semi field conditions. | 2014 | 24885903 |
| activity of cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf essential oil against anopheles gambiae s.s. | the increasing status of insecticide resistant mosquitoes in sub-saharan africa is a threatening alert to the existing control efforts. all sibling species of an. gambiae complex have evolved insecticide resistance in wild populations for different approved classes of the insecticides currently in use in the field. an alternative compound for vector control is absolutely urgently needed. in this study, the larvicidal activity and chemical composition of the cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf essential ... | 2014 | 24885613 |
| entomological surveillance following a long-lasting insecticidal net universal coverage campaign in midwestern uganda. | a universal coverage campaign (ucc) with long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) was implemented in four districts in midwestern uganda in 2009-2010. entomological surveys were carried out to monitor changes in vector density, behaviour and malaria transmission following this intervention. | 2015 | 26382583 |
| larval and adult environmental temperatures influence the adult reproductive traits of anopheles gambiae s.s. | anopheles mosquito life-history parameters and population dynamics strongly influence malaria transmission, and environmental factors, particularly temperature, strongly affect these parameters. there are currently some studies on how temperature affects anopheles gambiae s.s. survival but very few exist examining other life-history traits. we investigate here the effect of temperature on population dynamics parameters. | 2015 | 26382035 |
| assessment of mosquito larval productivity among different land use types for targeted malaria vector control in the western kenya highlands. | mosquito larval source management (lsm) is likely to be more effective when adequate information such as dominant species, seasonal abundance, type of productive habitat, and land use type are available for targeted sites. lsm has been an effective strategy for reducing malaria morbidity in both urban and rural areas in africa where sufficient proportions of larval habitats can be targeted. in this study, we conducted longitudinal larval source surveillance in the western kenya highlands, genera ... | 2015 | 26142904 |
| species composition and temporal distribution of mosquito populations in ibadan, southwestern nigeria. | nigeria has a high burden of vector borne diseases such as malaria and lymphatic filariasis (lf). this study aimed to determine the species composition of mosquitoes in ibadan, southwest nigeria as well as determine their role in malaria and lf transmission. adult mosquitoes were collected by pyrethrum spray catch (psc) and identified and graded according to their abdominal conditions. the mosquitoes were dissected to determine the parity status and to check for microfilariae of wuchereria bancr ... | 0 | 25520960 |
| insecticide exposure impacts vector-parasite interactions in insecticide-resistant malaria vectors. | currently, there is a strong trend towards increasing insecticide-based vector control coverage in malaria endemic countries. the ecological consequence of insecticide applications has been mainly studied regarding the selection of resistance mechanisms; however, little is known about their impact on vector competence in mosquitoes responsible for malaria transmission. as they have limited toxicity to mosquitoes owing to the selection of resistance mechanisms, insecticides may also interact with ... | 0 | 24850924 |
| evaluation of the influence of electric nets on the behaviour of oviposition site seeking anopheles gambiae s.s. | electric nets (e-nets) are used to analyse the flight behaviour of insects and have been used extensively to study the host-oriented flight of tsetse flies. recently we adapted this tool to analyse the oviposition behaviour of gravid malaria vectors, anopheles gambiae s.s., orienting towards aquatic habitats and traps by surrounding an artificial pond with e-nets and collecting electrocuted mosquitoes on sticky boards on the ground next to the nets. here we study whether e-nets themselves affect ... | 2014 | 24948354 |
| study of the efficacy of a wheaton coated bottle with permethrin and deltamethrin in laboratory conditions and a who impregnated paper with bendiocarb in field conditions. | to determine the efficacy of who impregnated paper and cdc coated bottle based on number of storage days and number of times of consecutive use, in the assessment of insecticide vector susceptibility tests in laboratory and field conditions. | 0 | 25182952 |
| good performances but short lasting efficacy of actellic 50 ec indoor residual spraying (irs) on malaria transmission in benin, west africa. | the national malaria control program (nmcp) has been using pirimiphos methyl for the first time for indoor residual spraying (irs) in benin. the first round was a success with a significant decrease of entomological indicators of malaria transmission in the treated districts. we present the results of the entomological impact on malaria transmission. entomologic parameters in the control area were compared with those in intervention sites. | 2014 | 24886499 |
| bio-efficacy of selected long-lasting insecticidal nets against pyrethroid resistant anopheles arabiensis from south-western ethiopia. | the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance in the major african malaria vectors anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis may compromise control initiatives based on insecticide-treated nets (itns) or indoor residual spraying (irs), and thus threaten the global malaria elimination strategy. | 2012 | 22871143 |
| three years of insecticide resistance monitoring in anopheles gambiae in burkina faso: resistance on the rise? | a longitudinal anopheles gambiae s.l. insecticide-resistance monitoring programme was established in four sentinel sites in burkina faso. for three years, between 2008 and 2010, who diagnostic dose assays were used to measure the prevalence of resistance to all the major classes of insecticides at the beginning and end of the malaria transmission season. species identification and genotyping for target site mutations was also performed and the sporozoite rate in adults determined. | 2012 | 22799568 |
| evidence of carbamate resistance in urban populations of anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes resistant to ddt and deltamethrin insecticides in lagos, south-western nigeria. | resistance monitoring is essential in ensuring the success of insecticide based vector control programmes. this study was carried out to assess the susceptibility status of urban populations of anopheles gambiae to carbamate insecticide being considered for vector control in mosquito populations previously reported to be resistant to ddt and permethrin. | 2012 | 22686575 |
| efficacy of icon® maxx in the laboratory and against insecticide-resistant anopheles gambiae in central côte d'ivoire. | long-lasting treatment kits, designed to transform untreated nets into long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), may facilitate high coverage with llins where non-treated nets are in place. in this study, the efficacy of icon® maxx (syngenta) was evaluated under laboratory conditions and in an experimental hut trial in central côte d'ivoire, where anopheles gambiae s.s. are resistant to pyrethroid insecticides. | 2012 | 22587687 |
| differential plasmodium falciparum infection of anopheles gambiae s.s. molecular and chromosomal forms in mali. | anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) is a primary vector of plasmodium falciparum in sub-saharan africa. although some physiological differences among molecular and chromosomal forms of this species have been demonstrated, the relative susceptibility to malaria parasite infection among them has not been unequivocally shown. the objective of this study was to investigate p. falciparum circumsporozoite protein infection (csp) positivity among an. gambiae s.s. chromosomal and molecular forms. | 2012 | 22540973 |
| impact of three years of large scale indoor residual spraying (irs) and insecticide treated nets (itns) interventions on insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. in benin. | in benin, indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) are the cornerstones of malaria prevention. in the context of high resistance of anopheles gambiae to pyrethroids, the national malaria control program (nmcp) has undertaken a full coverage of irs in a no-flood zone in the oueme region, coupled with the distribution of llins in a flood zone. we assessed the impact of this campaign on phenotypic resistance, kdr (knock-down resistance) and ace-1(r) (insensitive ace ... | 2012 | 22490146 |
| update on resistance status of anopheles gambiae s.s. to conventional insecticides at a previous whopes field site, "yaokoffikro", 6 years after the political crisis in côte d'ivoire. | at yaokoffikro field site near bouaké, in central côte d'ivoire, a group of experimental huts built in 1996 served over many years for the evaluation of insecticides against highly resistant mosquitoes. breeding sites of mosquitoes and selection pressure in the area were maintained by local farming practices until a war broke out in september 2002. six years after the crisis, we conducted bioassays and biochemical analysis to update the resistance status of anopheles gambiae s.s. populations and ... | 2012 | 22472088 |
| the influence of physiological status on age prediction of anopheles arabiensis using near infra-red spectroscopy. | determining the age of malaria vectors is essential for evaluating the impact of interventions that reduce the survival of wild mosquito populations and for estimating changes in vectorial capacity. near infra-red spectroscopy (nirs) is a simple and non-destructive method that has been used to determine the age and species of anopheles gambiae s.l. by analyzing differences in absorption spectra. the spectra are affected by biochemical changes that occur during the life of a mosquito and could be ... | 2013 | 24499515 |
| evaluation of new tools for malaria vector control in cameroon: focus on long lasting insecticidal nets. | from 2006 to 2011, biological activity of insecticides for indoor residual spraying (irs), conventional treatment of nets (ctns) or long lasting insecticidal nets (llins) was evaluated before their approval in cameroon. the objective of the study was to select the best tools for universal malaria vector control coverage. | 2013 | 24086399 |
| status of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in anopheles gambiae sensu lato from the south and north benin, west africa. | with the rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vectors from benin and the various resistance mechanisms involved (metabolic resistance and knock-down resistance (kdr), it is important to foresee effective resistance management strategies. thus, the knowledge of the insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1r) effects on phenotypes of an. gambiae will help us to strengthen basic and operational research on the development of strategies that will use organophosphates or carbamates ... | 2013 | 24330550 |
| alternative treatments for indoor residual spraying for malaria control in a village with pyrethroid- and ddt-resistant vectors in the gambia. | malaria vector control is threatened by resistance to pyrethroids, the only class of insecticides used for treating bed nets. the second major vector control method is indoor residual spraying with pyrethroids or the organochloride ddt. however, resistance to pyrethroids frequently confers resistance to ddt. therefore, alternative insecticides are urgently needed. | 2013 | 24058551 |
| mixed-function oxidases and esterases associated with permethrin, deltamethrin and bendiocarb resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. in the south-north transect benin, west africa. | insecticide resistance monitoring is essential to help national programmers to implement more effective and sustainable malaria control strategies in endemic countries. the current study aimed at an exploring the involvement of detoxifying enzymes in the insecticide phenotype resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l.from benin, in order to guide future malaria vector control interventions. | 2013 | 23919515 |
| bendiocarb resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from atacora department in benin, west africa: a threat for malaria vector control. | owing to pyrethroid resistance in an. gambiae, the carbamate and organophosphate insecticides are currently regarded as alternatives or supplements to pyrethroids for use on mosquito net treatments. resistance monitoring is therefore essential to investigate the susceptibility of an. gambiae s.l to these alternative products. | 2013 | 23803527 |
| insecticide resistance alleles affect vector competence of anopheles gambiae s.s. for plasmodium falciparum field isolates. | the widespread insecticide resistance raises concerns for vector control implementation and sustainability particularly for the control of the main vector of human malaria, anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. however, the extent to which insecticide resistance mechanisms interfere with the development of the malignant malaria parasite in its vector and their impact on overall malaria transmission remains unknown. we explore the impact of insecticide resistance on the outcome of plasmodium falciparu ... | 2013 | 23704944 |
| bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets against pyrethroid-resistant populations of anopheles gambiae s.s. from different malaria transmission zones in uganda. | there are major concerns over sustaining the efficacy of current malaria vector control interventions given the rapid spread of resistance, particularly to pyrethroids. this study assessed the bioefficacy of five who-recommended long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) against pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae field populations from uganda. | 2013 | 23634798 |
| high level of resistance in the mosquito anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western tanzania. | to control malaria in tanzania, two primary vector control interventions are being scaled up: long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs). the main threat to effective malaria control is the selection of insecticide resistance. while resistance to pyrethroids, the primary insecticide used for llins and irs, has been reported among mosquito vectors in only a few sites in tanzania, neighbouring east african countries are recording increasing levels of resistanc ... | 2013 | 23638757 |
| target-site resistance mutations (kdr and rdl), but not metabolic resistance, negatively impact male mating competiveness in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the implementation of successful insecticide resistance management strategies for malaria control is currently hampered by poor understanding of the fitness cost of resistance on mosquito populations, including their mating competiveness. to fill this knowledge gap, coupled and uncoupled anopheles gambiae s.l. males (all m form (anopheles coluzzii)) were collected from mating swarms in burkina faso. this multiple insecticide resistant population exhibited high 1014f kdr(r) allele frequencies (>6 ... | 2015 | 25899013 |
| climate influences on the cost-effectiveness of vector-based interventions against malaria in elimination scenarios. | despite the dependence of mosquito population dynamics on environmental conditions, the associated impact of climate and climate change on present and future malaria remains an area of ongoing debate and uncertainty. here, we develop a novel integration of mosquito, transmission and economic modelling to assess whether the cost-effectiveness of indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) against plasmodium falciparum transmission by anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes ... | 0 | 25688017 |
| the impact of different sprayable surfaces on the effectiveness of indoor residual spraying using a micro encapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin against anopheles gambiae s.s. | the type of sprayable surface impacts on residual efficacy of insecticide used in indoor residual spraying (irs). however, there is limited data on common types of wall surfaces sprayed in zanzibar and mainland tanzania where irs began in 2006 and 2007 respectively. the study investigated residual efficacy of micro-encapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin sprayed on common surfaces of human dwellings and domestic animal shelters in zanzibar and mainland tanzania. | 2015 | 25890339 |
| field evaluation of synthetic lure (3-methyl-1-butanol) when compared to non odor-baited control in capturing anopheles mosquitoes in varying land-use sites in madagascar. | malaria is the 4(th) largest cause of mortality in madagascar. to better understand malaria transmission dynamics, it is crucial to map the distribution of the malaria vectors, mosquitoes belonging to the genus anopheles. to do so, it is important to have a strong anopheles-specific lure to ensure the maximum number of captures. previous studies have isolated volatiles from the human skin microbiota and found the compound 3-methyl-1-butanol to be the most attractive to the malaria mosquito, anop ... | 2015 | 25889982 |
| application of polovodova's method for the determination of physiological age and relationship between the level of parity and infectivity of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles gambiae s.s, south-eastern benin. | polovodova method based on counting follicular dilatations estimates the number of egg-laying in mosquitoes. however, some researchers doubt the reliability of this method because of the absence of multiple dilatations in vectors after many gonotrophic cycles. it is in this context of controversy that our study was carried out to evaluate the importance of follicular dilatations in the determination of parity levels in an. gambiae s.s. moreover, the application of this method allowed us to clari ... | 2015 | 25890190 |
| evaluating preservation methods for identifying anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis complex mosquitoes species using near infra-red spectroscopy. | near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) has been successfully used on fresh and rnalater-preserved members of the anopheles gambiae complex to identify sibling species and age. no preservation methods other than using rnalater have been tested to preserve mosquitoes for species identification using nirs. however, rnalater is not the most practical preservative for field settings because it is expensive, requires basic laboratory conditions for storage and is not widely available in sub-saharan africa. ... | 2015 | 25623484 |
| rapid discrimination between anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis by high-resolution melt (hrm) analysis. | there is a need for more cost-effective options to more accurately discriminate among members of the anopheles gambiae complex, particularly an. gambiae and anopheles arabiensis. these species are morphologically indistinguishable in the adult stage, have overlapping distributions, but are behaviorally and ecologically different, yet both are efficient vectors of malaria in equatorial africa. the method described here, high-resolution melt (hrm) analysis, takes advantage of minute differences in ... | 0 | 23543777 |