Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| biting behaviour of african malaria vectors: 1. where do the main vector species bite on the human body? | malaria control in africa relies heavily on indoor vector management, primarily indoor residual spraying and insecticide treated bed nets. little is known about outdoor biting behaviour or even the dynamics of indoor biting and infection risk of sleeping household occupants. in this paper we explore the preferred biting sites on the human body and some of the ramifications regarding infection risk and exposure management. | 2015 | 25650005 |
| climate influences on the cost-effectiveness of vector-based interventions against malaria in elimination scenarios. | despite the dependence of mosquito population dynamics on environmental conditions, the associated impact of climate and climate change on present and future malaria remains an area of ongoing debate and uncertainty. here, we develop a novel integration of mosquito, transmission and economic modelling to assess whether the cost-effectiveness of indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) against plasmodium falciparum transmission by anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes ... | 0 | 25688017 |
| early biting and insecticide resistance in the malaria vector anopheles might compromise the effectiveness of vector control intervention in southwestern uganda. | southwestern uganda has high malaria heterogeneity despite moderate vector control and other interventions. moreover, the early biting transmission and increased resistance to insecticides might compromise strategies relying on vector control. consequently, monitoring of vector behaviour and insecticide efficacy is needed to assess the effectiveness of strategies aiming at malaria control. this eventually led to an entomological survey in two villages with high malaria prevalence in this region. | 2015 | 25879539 |
| rapid evolution of pyrethroid resistance prevalence in anopheles gambiae populations from the cities of douala and yaoundé (cameroon). | the adaptation of malaria vectors to urban areas is becoming a serious challenge for malaria control. the study presents the evolution of pyrethroid resistance in mosquito populations from the cities of douala and yaoundé between 2010 and 2013. | 2015 | 25879950 |
| experimental swap of anopheles gambiae's assortative mating preferences demonstrates key role of x-chromosome divergence island in incipient sympatric speciation. | although many theoretical models of sympatric speciation propose that genes responsible for assortative mating amongst incipient species should be associated with genomic regions protected from recombination, there are few data to support this theory. the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, is known for its sympatric cryptic species maintained by pre-mating reproductive isolation and its putative genomic islands of speciation, and is therefore an ideal model system for studying the genomic sign ... | 2015 | 25880677 |
| discovery of an oviposition attractant for gravid malaria vectors of the anopheles gambiae species complex. | new strategies are needed to manage malaria vector populations that resist insecticides and bite outdoors. this study describes a breakthrough in developing 'attract and kill' strategies targeting gravid females by identifying and evaluating an oviposition attractant for anopheles gambiae s.l. | 2015 | 25885703 |
| evaluation of a protocol for remote identification of mosquito vector species reveals bg-sentinel trap as an efficient tool for anopheles gambiae outdoor collection in burkina faso. | feasibility and costs of monitoring efforts aimed to monitor mosquito species are strictly dependent on the presence of skilled entomologists directly in the field. however, in several contexts this is not possible or easy to organize, thus limiting the possibility to obtain crucial information on presence/abundance of potential disease vectors and of new invasive species. digital imaging approaches could be extremely useful in the frame of medical entomology to overcome this limit. this work de ... | 2015 | 25888896 |
| the physicochemical and environmental factors affecting the distribution of anopheles merus along the kenyan coast. | members of the anopheles gambiae complex are the main transmitters of malaria. anopheles merus is a member of the complex found along the kenyan coast because it breeds in saline waters. an entomological study was conducted in garithe malindi district, to investigate the physicochemical and environmental factors affecting the distribution of an. merus. | 2015 | 25889775 |
| field evaluation of synthetic lure (3-methyl-1-butanol) when compared to non odor-baited control in capturing anopheles mosquitoes in varying land-use sites in madagascar. | malaria is the 4(th) largest cause of mortality in madagascar. to better understand malaria transmission dynamics, it is crucial to map the distribution of the malaria vectors, mosquitoes belonging to the genus anopheles. to do so, it is important to have a strong anopheles-specific lure to ensure the maximum number of captures. previous studies have isolated volatiles from the human skin microbiota and found the compound 3-methyl-1-butanol to be the most attractive to the malaria mosquito, anop ... | 2015 | 25889982 |
| application of polovodova's method for the determination of physiological age and relationship between the level of parity and infectivity of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles gambiae s.s, south-eastern benin. | polovodova method based on counting follicular dilatations estimates the number of egg-laying in mosquitoes. however, some researchers doubt the reliability of this method because of the absence of multiple dilatations in vectors after many gonotrophic cycles. it is in this context of controversy that our study was carried out to evaluate the importance of follicular dilatations in the determination of parity levels in an. gambiae s.s. moreover, the application of this method allowed us to clari ... | 2015 | 25890190 |
| the impact of different sprayable surfaces on the effectiveness of indoor residual spraying using a micro encapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin against anopheles gambiae s.s. | the type of sprayable surface impacts on residual efficacy of insecticide used in indoor residual spraying (irs). however, there is limited data on common types of wall surfaces sprayed in zanzibar and mainland tanzania where irs began in 2006 and 2007 respectively. the study investigated residual efficacy of micro-encapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin sprayed on common surfaces of human dwellings and domestic animal shelters in zanzibar and mainland tanzania. | 2015 | 25890339 |
| target-site resistance mutations (kdr and rdl), but not metabolic resistance, negatively impact male mating competiveness in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the implementation of successful insecticide resistance management strategies for malaria control is currently hampered by poor understanding of the fitness cost of resistance on mosquito populations, including their mating competiveness. to fill this knowledge gap, coupled and uncoupled anopheles gambiae s.l. males (all m form (anopheles coluzzii)) were collected from mating swarms in burkina faso. this multiple insecticide resistant population exhibited high 1014f kdr(r) allele frequencies (>6 ... | 2015 | 25899013 |
| underestimation of foraging behaviour by standard field methods in malaria vector mosquitoes in southern africa. | defining the anopheline mosquito vectors and their foraging behaviour in malaria endemic areas is crucial for disease control and surveillance. the standard protocol for molecular identification of host blood meals in mosquitoes is to morphologically identify fed mosquitoes and then perform polymerase chain reaction (pcr), precipitin tests, or elisa assays. the purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the feeding rate and human blood indices (hbis) of malaria vectors were under ... | 2015 | 25927429 |
| mosquitocidal properties of igg targeting the glutamate-gated chloride channel in three mosquito disease vectors (diptera: culicidae). | the glutamate-gated chloride channel (glucl) is a highly sensitive insecticide target of the avermectin class of insecticides. as an alternative to using chemical insecticides to kill mosquitoes, we tested the effects of purified immunoglobulin g (igg) targeting the extracellular domain of glucl from anopheles gambiae (agglucl) on the survivorship of three key mosquito disease vectors: anopheles gambiae s.s., aedes aegypti and culex tarsalis. when administered through a single blood meal, anti-a ... | 0 | 25994632 |
| modelling anopheles gambiae s.s. population dynamics with temperature- and age-dependent survival. | climate change and global warming are emerging as important threats to human health, particularly through the potential increase in vector- and water-borne diseases. environmental variables are known to affect substantially the population dynamics and abundance of the poikilothermic vectors of disease, but the exact extent of this sensitivity is not well established. focusing on malaria and its main vector in africa, anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, we present a set of novel mathematical models ... | 2015 | 26030468 |
| spatial abundance and human biting rate of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus in savannah and rice agro-ecosystems of central tanzania. | this study was carried out to determine the spatial variations in malaria mosquito abundance and human biting rate in five villages representing rice-irrigation and savannah ecosystems in kilosa district, central tanzania. the study involved five villages namely tindiga and malui (wetland/rice irrigation), twatwatwa and mbwade (dry savannah) and kimamba (wet savannah). indoor mosquitoes were sampled using centers for disease control and prevention light traps in three houses in each village. ano ... | 2015 | 26054517 |
| six years of experience in entomological surveillance of indoor residual spraying against malaria transmission in benin: lessons learned, challenges and outlooks. | from 2008 to 2013, a prevention intervention against malaria based on indoor residual spraying (irs) was implemented in benin. from 2008 to 2012, ficam m(®), a bendiocarb-containing product was used for house spraying, in association with pirimiphos methyl ec (actellic ec) in 2013. this operation aimed to strengthen the effectiveness of treated nets so as to expedite the achievement of millennium development goals (mdgs): the reduction of morbidity and mortality due to malaria by 75 % from 2000 ... | 2015 | 26063497 |
| proteomic changes occurring in the malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi during aging. | the age of mosquitoes is a crucial determinant of their ability to transmit pathogens and their resistance to insecticides. we investigated changes to the abundance of proteins found in heads and thoraces of the malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi as they aged. protein expression changes were assessed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and the identity of differentially expressed proteins was determined by using either matrix-assisted laser desorption i ... | 2015 | 26100052 |
| assessment of mosquito larval productivity among different land use types for targeted malaria vector control in the western kenya highlands. | mosquito larval source management (lsm) is likely to be more effective when adequate information such as dominant species, seasonal abundance, type of productive habitat, and land use type are available for targeted sites. lsm has been an effective strategy for reducing malaria morbidity in both urban and rural areas in africa where sufficient proportions of larval habitats can be targeted. in this study, we conducted longitudinal larval source surveillance in the western kenya highlands, genera ... | 2015 | 26142904 |
| lymphatic filariasis baseline survey in two sentinel sites of ogun state, nigeria. | in preparation for mass drug administration by national lymphatic filariasis elimination programme, a baseline epidemiological investigation on lymphatic filariasis (lf) was conducted in two sentinel sites of ogun state, nigeria. the study was carried out in ado-odo ota and abeokuta south local government areas (lgas) to determine lf prevalence, microfilarial density and the abundance of wucheraria bancrofti in the mosquito vectors. | 2015 | 26185587 |
| evaluating the sterilizing effect of pyriproxyfen treated mosquito nets against anopheles gambiae at different blood-feeding intervals. | pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors are widespread throughout sub-saharan africa and new insecticides with different modes of action are urgently needed. pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone mimic that reduces fecundity and fertility of adult anopheles mosquitoes when used as a contact insecticide. a long-lasting insecticidal net incorporating pyriproxyfen is under development. as wild, host-seeking females may succeed in blood-feeding at different intervals after initial contact with mosquito ne ... | 2015 | 26200789 |
| early biting of the anopheles gambiae s.s. and its challenges to vector control using insecticide treated nets in western kenya highlands. | long term use of insecticides in malaria vector control has been shown to alter the behavior of vectors. such behavioral shifts have the potential of undermining the effectiveness of insecticide-based control interventions. the effects of insecticide treated nets (itns) use on the composition, biting/feeding and sporozoite rates of anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in musilongo village, vihiga county of western kenya highlands were investigated. adult mosquitoes were collected in selected sleepi ... | 2015 | 26209103 |
| mass spectrometry identification of age-associated proteins from the malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles stephensi. | this study investigated proteomic changes occurring in anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi during adult mosquito aging. these changes were evaluated using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige) and the identities of aging related proteins were determined using capillary high-pressure liquid chromatography (caphplc) coupled with a linear ion-trap (ltq)-orbitrap xl hybrid mass spectrometry (ms). here, we have described the techniques used to determine age associated proteom ... | 2015 | 26306320 |
| optimizing collection of anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) in biogents sentinel traps. | surveillance of malaria vectors in africa is most often accomplished using cdc-type light traps or human landing catches (hlcs). over the past 30 yr, a variety of commercial and experimental mosquito traps have been developed for residential mosquito control or for improved surveillance of disease vector species, including the bg sentinel (bgs) trap. to optimize collection of anopheles gambiae giles using this trap, bgs traps were modified with an opening (vent) added to the trap base to decreas ... | 2014 | 26309317 |
| monitoring changes in malaria epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions in ethiopia and uganda: beyond garki project baseline survey. | scale-up of malaria interventions seems to have contributed to a decline in the disease but other factors may also have had some role. understanding changes in transmission and determinant factors will help to adapt control strategies accordingly. | 2015 | 26337671 |
| larval and adult environmental temperatures influence the adult reproductive traits of anopheles gambiae s.s. | anopheles mosquito life-history parameters and population dynamics strongly influence malaria transmission, and environmental factors, particularly temperature, strongly affect these parameters. there are currently some studies on how temperature affects anopheles gambiae s.s. survival but very few exist examining other life-history traits. we investigate here the effect of temperature on population dynamics parameters. | 2015 | 26382035 |
| entomological surveillance following a long-lasting insecticidal net universal coverage campaign in midwestern uganda. | a universal coverage campaign (ucc) with long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) was implemented in four districts in midwestern uganda in 2009-2010. entomological surveys were carried out to monitor changes in vector density, behaviour and malaria transmission following this intervention. | 2015 | 26382583 |
| comparative evaluation of the sticky-resting-box-trap, the standardised resting-bucket-trap and indoor aspiration for sampling malaria vectors. | understanding mosquito resting behaviour is important for the control of vector-borne diseases, but this remains a challenge because of the paucity of efficient sampling tools. we evaluated two novel sampling methods in the field: the sticky resting box (srb) and the resting bucket trap (rbu) to test their efficiency for sampling malaria vectors resting outdoors and inside houses in rural tanzania. the performance of rbu and srb was compared outdoors, while indoors srb were compared with the bac ... | 2015 | 26383620 |
| insecticidal and sterilizing effect of olyset duo®, a permethrin and pyriproxyfen mixture net against pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant strains of anopheles gambiae s.s.: a release-recapture assay in experimental huts. | in the context of the widespread distribution of pyrethroid resistance among malaria vectors, we did a release-recapture trial in experimental huts to investigate the insecticidal and sterilizing effects of a novel long-lasting net (ln), olyset® duo, incorporating a mixture of permethrin (per) and the insect growth regulator (igr), pyri-proxyfen (ppf). an ln containing ppf alone and a classic olyset® net were tested in parallel as positive controls. the effect of progressive number of holes (6, ... | 2015 | 26489479 |
| efficacy of olyset® duo, a permethrin and pyriproxyfen mixture net against wild pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae s.s. from côte d'ivoire: an experimental hut trial. | pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors has spread across sub-saharan africa. alternative tools and molecules are urgently needed for effective vector control. one of the most promising strategies to prevent or delay the development of resistance is to use at least two molecules having unrelated modes of action in combination in the same bed net. we evaluated in experimental huts in côte d'ivoire, a new polyethylene long-lasting insecticidal net (ln) product, olyset® duo, incorporating permethr ... | 2015 | 26489480 |
| transmission indices and microfilariae prevalence in human population prior to mass drug administration with ivermectin and albendazole in the gomoa district of ghana. | the lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in ghana involves annual mass drug administration (mda) of ivermectin and albendazole to persons living in endemic areas. this is repeated annually for 4-6 years to span across the reproductive lifespan of adult worms. in order to stimulate participation of community members in the mda programme, this study was carried out to understand local views on transmission, management and prevention of the disease. the study also presents baseline transmissi ... | 2015 | 26503363 |
| correction: distribution and frequency of kdr mutations within anopheles gambiae s.l. populations and first report of the ace.1g119s mutation in anopheles arabiensis from burkina faso (west africa). | 2015 | 26528719 | |
| does extreme asymmetric dominance promote hybridization between anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. in seasonal malaria mosquito communities of west africa? | anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. coluzzii are two of the most important malaria vector species in sub-saharan africa. these recently-diverged sibling species do not exhibit intrinsic post-zygotic barriers to reproduction and are thought to be separated by strong assortative mating combined with selection against hybrids. at present, little is known about the ecological conditions that determine hybridization and introgression between these cryptic taxa. | 2015 | 26559354 |
| combination of insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying in northern tanzania provides additional reduction in vector population density and malaria transmission rates compared to insecticide treated nets alone: a randomised control trial. | indoor residual spraying (irs) combined with insecticide treated nets (itn) has been implemented together in several sub-saharan countries with inconclusive evidence that the combined intervention provides added benefit. the impact on malaria transmission was evaluated in a cluster randomised trial comparing two rounds of irs with bendiocarb plus universal coverage itns, with itns alone in northern tanzania. from april 2011 to december 2012, eight houses in 20 clusters per study arm were sampled ... | 2015 | 26569492 |
| monitoring dry season persistence of anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in a contained semi-field system in southwestern burkina faso, west africa. | to gain insight into the dry season survival strategies of anopheles gambiae s.l., a new contained semi-field system was developed and used for the first time in burkina faso, west africa. the system consisted of a screened greenhouse within which the local environment was reproduced, including all ecological requirements for mosquito development cycle completion. the system was seeded with the progenies of female anopheles gambiae, anopheles coluzzii, and anopheles arabiensis collected in the v ... | 2016 | 26576935 |
| resting behaviour of anopheles gambiae s.l. and its implication on malaria transmission in uyui district, western tanzania. | an entomological survey to determine resting behaviour and species composition of malaria vectors was carried out in uyui district in western tanzania in may 2009. mosquitoes were collected using indoor resting catch, window exit trap and outdoor "bed-net" techniques. the mosquitoes were identified using morphological key and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 672 anopheles gambiae sensu lato were collected. of these, 661 (98.4%) were collected outdoor whereas few (1.6%) were collected ... | 2011 | 26592058 |
| presence of the knockdown resistance mutation, vgsc-1014f in anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis in western kenya. | the voltage gated sodium channel mutation vgsc-1014s (kdr-east) was first reported in kenya in 2000 and has since been observed to occur at high frequencies in the local anopheles gambiae s.s. | 2015 | 26626424 |
| development and evaluation of mosquito-electrocuting traps as alternatives to the human landing catch technique for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. | the human landing catch (hlc) is the gold standard method for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. however, the hlc is ethically questionable because it requires exposure of humans to potentially infectious mosquito bites. | 2015 | 26670881 |
| morphological changes in the spiracles of anopheles gambiae s.l (diptera) as a response to the dry season conditions in burkina faso (west africa). | survival to dry season conditions of sub-saharan savannahs is a major challenge for insects inhabiting such environments, especially regarding the desiccation threat they are exposed to. while extensive literature about insect seasonality has revealed morphologic, metabolic and physiological changes in many species, only a few studies have explored the responses following exposure to the stressful dry season conditions in major malaria vectors. here, we explored morphological changes triggered b ... | 2016 | 26739500 |
| evolution of goundry, a cryptic subgroup of anopheles gambiae s.l., and its impact on susceptibility to plasmodium infection. | the recent discovery of a previously unknown genetic subgroup of anopheles gambiae sensu lato underscores our incomplete understanding of complexities of vector population demographics in anopheles. this subgroup, named goundry, does not rest indoors as adults and is highly susceptible to plasmodium infection in the laboratory. initial description of goundry suggested it differed from other known anopheles taxa in surprising and sometimes contradictory ways, raising a number of questions about i ... | 2016 | 26846876 |
| partitioning the contributions of alternative malaria vector species. | in many locations malaria is transmitted by more than one vector species. some vector control interventions, in particular those using genetic approaches, are likely to be targeted against a single species or species complex, at least initially, and it would therefore be useful to be able to predict the epidemiological impact of controlling a single species when multiple vector species are present. | 2016 | 26847084 |
| variation in susceptibility of african plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites to tep1 mediated killing in anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes are efficient vectors for plasmodium falciparum, although variation exists in their susceptibility to infection. this variation depends partly on the thioester-containing protein 1 (tep1) and tep depletion results in significantly elevated numbers of oocysts in susceptible and resistant mosquitoes. polymorphism in the plasmodium gene coding for the surface protein pfs47 modulates resistance of some parasite laboratory strains to tep1-mediated killing. here, we e ... | 2016 | 26861587 |
| increased tolerance of anopheles gambiae s.s. to chemical insecticides after exposure to agrochemical mixture. | resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides is mainly attributed to their adaptation to insecticide-based vector control interventions. although pesticides used in agriculture have been frequently mentioned as an additional force driving the selection of resistance, only a few studies were dedicated to validate this hypothesis. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure of the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae s.s. larvae for 72h to sub-lethal concentrations of the agro ... | 2014 | 26891523 |
| exposure to deltamethrin affects development of plasmodium falciparum inside wild pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes in uganda. | pyrethroid resistance in african vector mosquitoes is a threat to malaria control. resistant mosquitoes can survive insecticide doses that would normally be lethal. we studied effects of such doses on plasmodium falciparum development inside kdr-resistant anopheles gambiae s.s. in uganda. | 2016 | 26911550 |
| when intensity of deltamethrin resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. leads to loss of long lasting insecticidal nets bio-efficacy: a case study in north cameroon. | in cameroon, insecticide resistance in anopheles (an.) gambiae s.l. has been reported in several foci, prompting further investigations on associated patterns of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) bio-efficacy. the current study, conducted from june to august 2011, explored the intensity of deltamethrin resistance in an. gambiae s.l. from pitoa and its impact on the residual bio-efficacy of lifenet, a llin with deltamethrin incorporated into polypropylene nets (pnd). | 2016 | 26951758 |
| low prevalence of plasmodium and absence of malaria transmission in conakry, guinea: prospects for elimination. | over the past 15 years, mortality and morbidity due to malaria have been reduced substantially in sub-saharan africa and local elimination has been achieved in some settings. this study addresses the bio-ecology of larval and adult stages of malaria vectors, plasmodium infection in anopheles gambiae s.l. in the city of conakry, guinea, and discusses the prospect for malaria elimination. | 2016 | 26987480 |
| durability of olyset campaign nets distributed between 2009 and 2011 in eight districts of tanzania. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) are the first line choice for malaria vector control in sub-saharan africa, with most countries adopting universal coverage campaigns. however, there is only limited information on llin durability under user conditions. therefore, this study aimed to assess the durability of olyset(®) llins distributed during campaigns between 2009 and 2011 in tanzania. | 2016 | 26993981 |
| circumsporozoite protein rates, blood-feeding pattern and frequency of knockdown resistance mutations in anopheles spp. in two ecological zones of mauritania. | mosquitoes belonging to anopheles gambiae species complex are the main malaria vector in mauritania but data on their vector capacities, feeding habits and insecticide susceptibility are still scanty. the objectives of this study were to fill this gap. | 2016 | 27151152 |
| benchmarking vector arthropod culture: an example using the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | numerous important characteristics of adult arthropods are related to their size; this is influenced by conditions experienced as immatures. arthropods cultured in the laboratory for research, or mass-reared for novel control methods, must therefore be of a standard size range and known quality so that results are reproducible. | 2016 | 27160438 |
| field evaluation of two novel sampling devices for collecting wild oviposition site seeking malaria vector mosquitoes: oviart gravid traps and squares of electrocuting nets. | new sampling tools are needed for collecting exophilic malaria mosquitoes in sub-saharan africa to monitor the impact of vector control interventions. the oviart gravid trap and squares of electrocuting nets (e-nets) were recently developed under semi-field conditions for collecting oviposition site seeking anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) (s.s.). this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of these traps for sampling malaria vectors under field conditions. | 2016 | 27165292 |
| gravid anopheles gambiae sensu stricto avoid ovipositing in bermuda grass hay infusion and it's volatiles in two choice egg-count bioassays. | a number of mosquito species in the culex and aedes genera prefer to lay eggs in bermuda grass (cynodon dactylon) hay infusions compared to water alone. these mosquitoes are attracted to volatile compounds from the hay infusions making the infusions effective baits in gravid traps used for monitoring vectors of arboviral and filarial pathogens. since bermuda grass is abundant and widespread, it is plausible to explore infusions made from it as a potential low cost bait for outdoor monitoring of ... | 2016 | 27177033 |
| spatial and temporal trends in insecticide resistance among malaria vectors in chad highlight the importance of continual monitoring. | a longitudinal anopheles gambiae s.l. insecticide resistance monitoring programme was established in four sentinel sites in chad 2008-2010. when this programme ended, only sporadic bioassays were performed in a small number of sites. | 2016 | 27228026 |
| survival value and sugar access of four east african plant species attractive to a laboratory strain of sympatric anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes derive energy from plant sugar, thereby promoting survival and reproduction. its survival value to females plays a key role in the vectorial capacity of mosquito populations. previous olfactometry assays of responsiveness demonstrated that senna didymobotrya fresenius, parthenium hysterophorus, l. senna occidentalis, (l) and lantana camara l were among the most attractive plants for the mbita strain of anopheles gambiae s.s. giles in eastern africa. here, we provide experimental evide ... | 2016 | 27247348 |
| ecology of urban malaria vectors in niamey, republic of niger. | urbanization in african cities has major impact on malaria risk. niamey, the capital of the republic of niger, is situated in the west african sahel zone. the short rainy season and human activities linked with the niger river influence mosquito abundance. this study aimed at deciphering the factors of distribution of urban malaria vectors in niamey. | 2016 | 27277707 |
| decline in frequency of the 2la chromosomal inversion in anopheles gambiae (s.s.) in western kenya: correlation with increase in ownership of insecticide-treated bed nets. | the 2la chromosomal inversion, a genetic polymorphism in an. gambiae (sensu stricto) (s.s.), is associated with adaptation to microclimatic differences in humidity and desiccation resistance and mosquito behaviors. ownership of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) for malaria control has increased markedly in western kenya in the last 20 years. an increase in the frequency of itns indoors could select against house entering or indoor resting of anopheles mosquitoes. thus, the frequency of the 2la ... | 2016 | 27286834 |
| evaluation of a topical formulation of eprinomectin against anopheles arabiensis when administered to zebu cattle (bos indicus) under field conditions. | although vector control strategies, such as insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) have been effective in kenya the transmission of malaria continues to afflict western kenya. this residual transmission is driven in part by anopheles arabiensis, known for its opportunistic blood feeding behaviour and propensity to feed outdoors. the objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of the drug eprinomectin at reducing malaria vector density when applied to c ... | 2016 | 27317557 |
| presence of species within the anopheles gambiae complex in the democratic republic of congo. | anopheles gambiae s.l. is the primary vector of malaria in the democratic republic of congo, however, there is little data on the species from this complex present in the country. | 2016 | 27317755 |
| biting behaviour of anopheles funestus populations in mutare and mutasa districts, manicaland province, zimbabwe: implications for the malaria control programme. | biting behaviour of anopheles funestus in mutare and mutasa districts, zimbabwe, is little understood. an investigation was conducted to primarily compare indoor and outdoor biting behaviour of the mosquito, as well as blood meal sources and sporozoite rates. | 2017 | 27353581 |
| using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to mark wild populations of anopheles and aedes mosquitoes in south-eastern tanzania. | marking wild mosquitoes is important for understanding their ecology, behaviours and role in disease transmission. traditional insect marking techniques include using fluorescent dyes, protein labels, radioactive labels and tags, but such techniques have various limitations; notably low marker retention and inability to mark wild mosquitoes at source. stable isotopes are gaining wide spread use for non-invasive marking of arthropods, permitting greater understanding of mosquito dispersal and res ... | 2016 | 27392083 |
| species composition and insecticide resistance status of anopheles gambiae (s.l.) (culicidae) in kome, southern chad and the implications for malaria control. | the development and spread of insecticide resistance among malaria vectors, is a threat to the continued effectiveness of interventions to control and eliminate the disease. the status of insecticide resistance among malaria vector populations at two sites in kome, southern chad, was evaluated to inform decisions on vector control. | 2016 | 27553245 |
| the genetic basis of host preference and resting behavior in the major african malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis. | malaria transmission is dependent on the propensity of anopheles mosquitoes to bite humans (anthropophily) instead of other dead end hosts. recent increases in the usage of long lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) in africa have been associated with reductions in highly anthropophilic and endophilic vectors such as anopheles gambiae s.s., leaving species with a broader host range, such as anopheles arabiensis, as the most prominent remaining source of transmission in many settings. an. arab ... | 2016 | 27631375 |
| molecular evolution and population genetics of a gram-negative binding protein gene in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae (sensu lato). | clarifying the role of the innate immune system of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae is a potential way to block the development of the plasmodium parasites. pathogen recognition is the first step of innate immune response, where pattern recognition proteins like gnbps play a central role. | 2016 | 27658383 |
| intra-instar larval cannibalism in anopheles gambiae (s.s.) and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | cannibalism has been observed in a wide range of animal taxa and its importance in persistence and stability of populations has been documented. in anopheline malaria vectors the inter-instar cannibalism between fourth- and first-instar larvae (l4-l1) has been shown in several species, while intra-instar cannibalism remains poorly investigated. in this study we tested the occurrence of intra-instar cannibalism within larvae of second-, third- and fourth-instar (l2, l3 and l4) of anopheles gambia ... | 2016 | 27806728 |
| efficacy and safety of high-dose ivermectin for reducing malaria transmission (ivermal): protocol for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial in western kenya. | innovative approaches are needed to complement existing tools for malaria elimination. ivermectin is a broad spectrum antiparasitic endectocide clinically used for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis control at single doses of 150 to 200 mcg/kg. it also shortens the lifespan of mosquitoes that feed on individuals recently treated with ivermectin. however, the effect after a 150 to 200 mcg/kg oral dose is short-lived (6 to 11 days). modeling suggests higher doses, which prolong the mosquitoci ... | 2016 | 27856406 |
| methanolic extract of agerantum conyzoides exhibited toxicity and growth disruption activities against anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and anopheles arabiensis larvae. | vector control remains the mainstay to effective malaria management. the negative implications following persistent application of synthetic insecticides geared towards regulation of mosquito populations have necessitated prospection for ecofriendly effective chemistries. plant-derived compounds have the potential to control malaria-transmitting mosquito populations. previously, agerantum conyzoides extracts have demonstrated toxicity effects on disease-transmitting mosquitoes. however, their ef ... | 2016 | 27876055 |
| [effectiveness of three biological larvicides and of an insect growth regulator against anopheles arabiensis in senegal]. | urban malaria is a major public health problem in africa. in senegal, the environmental changes seem to favor the persistence of malaria transmission in dakar suburbs by creating, throughout the year, potential breeding sites of malaria vectors. in such a situation and in a context of a growing threat of insecticide resistance in anopheline vectors, the larval control making use of products from biological origin or growth regulators could represent an additional tool to the current strategies d ... | 2016 | 27942991 |
| isolation and characterization of native bacillus thuringiensis strains from saudi arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector anopheles gambiae (s.l.). | worldwide, mosquito vectors are transmitting several etiological agents of important human diseases, including malaria, causing millions of deaths every year. in saudi arabia, as elsewhere, vector-control is based mostly on chemical insecticides which may be toxic and cause environmental deprivation. here, to support the development of bio-pesticide alternatives, a study was conducted to identify native bacillus thuringiensis (bt) isolates with improved toxicity against the malaria vector, anoph ... | 2016 | 27993165 |
| a novel window entry/exit trap for the study of endophilic behavior of mosquitoes. | to overcome the limitations of currently used window entry/exit traps, we developed an efficient new glue net entry/exit trap (gnt) that is economical, easily transported and assembled, and can be utilized for a variety of studies which aim to investigate the dynamics of mosquito movements between indoor and outdoor habitats. cage experiments were conducted to determine what percentage of mosquitoes trying to pass through the netting are actually being caught. the gnt caught 97% of female and 98 ... | 2017 | 28027886 |
| exploring the potential of using cattle for malaria vector surveillance and control: a pilot study in western kenya. | malaria vector mosquitoes with exophilic and zoophilic tendencies, or with a high acceptance of alternative blood meal sources when preferred human blood-hosts are unavailable, may help maintain low but constant malaria transmission in areas where indoor vector control has been scaled up. this residual transmission might be addressed by targeting vectors outside the house. here we investigated the potential of insecticide-treated cattle, as routinely used for control of tsetse and ticks in east ... | 2017 | 28069065 |
| mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in mauritania: a review of their biodiversity, distribution and medical importance. | although mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are important disease vectors, information on their biodiversity in mauritania is scarce and very dispersed in the literature. data from the scientific literature gathered in the country from 1948 to 2016 were collected and analyzed. overall 51 culicid species comprising 17 anopheles spp., 14 aedes spp., 18 culex spp. and two mansonia spp. have been described in mauritania among which anopheles arabiensis, aedes vexans, culex poicilipes and culex antennat ... | 2017 | 28103955 |
| malaria transmission and the sensitivity of aggressive mosquitoes to insecticides in a poorly urbanized area of the deido health district in douala (cameroon). | the design of an appropriate strategy for mosquito control in urban areas must take into account the local ecoclimate and its particularities. this study sought to determine the dynamics of malaria transmission and the level of insecticide susceptibility of aggressive mosquitoes in ndogbong, a poorly urbanized district of douala. mosquitoes were captured on volunteers in 4 houses and outdoors for 2 consecutive nights a month, from april to september 2014, and identified by molecular and morpholo ... | 2017 | 28132950 |
| pre-copula acoustic behaviour of males in the malarial mosquitoes anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. does not contribute to reproductive isolation. | we reveal that males of two members of the anopheles gambiae s.l. species complex, anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. (hereafter a. gambiae), which are both malaria vectors, perform a stereotypical acoustic behaviour in response to pure tones at frequencies that encompass the frequency range of the female's flight-tones. this behaviour resembles that described for culex quinquefasciatus and consists of phonotactic flight initiated by a steep increase in wing-beat frequency (wbf) follo ... | 2017 | 28148817 |
| pyrethroids and ddt tolerance of anopheles gambiae s.l. from sengerema district, an area of intensive pesticide usage in north-western tanzania. | to assess the susceptibility status of malaria vectors to pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), characterise the mechanisms underlying resistance and evaluate the role of agro-chemical use in resistance selection among malaria vectors in sengerema agro-ecosystem zone, tanzania. | 2017 | 28168834 |
| bio-efficacy of deltamethrin based durable wall lining against wild populations of anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern tanzania. | indoor residual spraying (irs) is one of the preferred tools used for control of malaria in many settings in the world. however, this control tool still faces challenges that include lack of long lasting active ingredient, limited number of well-trained personal, and need of repeated treatment which increases operational costs and reduces acceptability by residents. as a result there is need to develop and validate other methods which can complement the existing controls. the current study compa ... | 2017 | 28187779 |
| mapping the distribution of anopheles funestus across benin highlights a sharp contrast of susceptibility to insecticides and infection rate to plasmodium between southern and northern populations. | background. malaria remains an important public health issue in benin, with anopheles gambiae s.l. and anopheles funestus s.s being the predominant vectors. this study was designed to generate information on an. funestus distribution, molecular speciation, plasmodium infection rate and insecticide susceptibility status across benin. methods. mosquito samples were collected from december 2014 to january 2016 in 46 localities in benin. these samples were mapped and an. funestus collected were spec ... | 2016 | 28191507 |
| who cone bio-assays of classical and new-generation long-lasting insecticidal nets call for innovative insecticides targeting the knock-down resistance mechanism in benin. | to increase the effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (itn) in areas of high resistance, new long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) called new-generation nets have been developed. these nets are treated with the piperonyl butoxide (pbo) synergist which inhibit the action of detoxification enzymes. the effectiveness of the new-generation nets has been proven in some studies, but their specific effect on mosquitoes carrying detoxification enzymes and those carrying both detoxification enzymes ... | 2017 | 28202024 |
| experimental hut evaluation of a novel long-lasting non-pyrethroid durable wall lining for control of pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus in tanzania. | a novel, insecticide-treated, durable wall lining (itwl), which mimics indoor residual spraying (irs), has been developed to provide prolonged vector control when fixed to the inner walls of houses. permanet(®) itwl is a polypropylene material containing non-pyrethroids (abamectin and fenpyroximate) which migrate gradually to the surface. | 2017 | 28212636 |
| evidence that agricultural use of pesticides selects pyrethroid resistance within anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from cotton growing areas in burkina faso, west africa. | many studies have shown the role of agriculture in the selection and spread of resistance of anopheles gambiae s.l. to insecticides. however, no study has directly demonstrated the presence of insecticides in breeding sources as a source of selection for this resistance. it is in this context that we investigated the presence of pesticide residues in breeding habitats and their formal involvement in vector resistance to insecticides in areas of west africa with intensive farming. this study was ... | 2017 | 28253316 |
| targeting male mosquito swarms to control malaria vector density. | malaria control programs are being jeopardized by the spread of insecticide resistance in mosquito vector populations. it has been estimated that the spread of resistance could lead to an additional 120000 deaths per year, and interfere with the prospects for sustained control or the feasibility of achieving malaria elimination. another complication for the development of resistance management strategies is that, in addition to insecticide resistance, mosquito behavior evolves in a manner that d ... | 2017 | 28278212 |
| [the anopheles gambiae species complex and kdr resistance gene at the periphery of douala, cameroon]. | this study was conducted from may to june 2015 in yassa (industrialized area) and logbessou (non-industrialized area), two peri-urban areas of the city of douala, cameroon with the aim of an assessment of the spatial distribution of the gambiae complex, the determination of their resistance to insecticides and the distribution of the kdr mutation. mosquito larvae were collected by the dipping method and nursed to adult stage. the sensitivity of adult anopheles gambiae s.l. populations to ddt and ... | 2017 | 28303549 |
| first report of the east african kdr mutation in an anopheles gambiae mosquito in côte d'ivoire. | background. the intensive use of insecticides in public health and agriculture has led to the development of insecticide resistances in malaria vectors across sub-saharan africa countries in the last two decades. the kdr target site point mutation which is among the best characterised resistance mechanisms seems to be changing its distribution patterns on the african continent. the 1014f kdr mutation originally described only in west africa is spreading to east africa while the 1014s kdr mutat ... | 2017 | 28317032 |
| [distribution of species and kdr gene frequency among anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles coluzzii populations in five agricultural sites in côte d'ivoire]. | the resistance of anopheles gambiae s.l. to insecticides constitutes a concern for the programs of malaria control because it can be an obstacle to effective control of the vectors. the follow-up of this resistance is a priority to work out strategies of management and to preserve the means of that major malaria vector control activities. the general objective of this study is to identify the species within an. gambiae s.l., and to determine the frequency of the kdr gene in an. gambiae s.s. and ... | 2017 | 28357641 |
| some like it hot: a differential response to changing temperatures by the malaria vectors anopheles funestus and an. gambiae s.l. | with the possible implications of global warming, the effect of temperature on the dynamics of malaria vectors in africa has become a subject of increasing interest. information from the field is, however, relatively sparse. we describe the effect of ambient temperature over a five-year period on the dynamics of an. funestus and an. gambiae s.l., collected from a single village in southern mozambique where temperatures varied from a night-time minimum of 6 °c in the cool season to a daytime maxi ... | 2017 | 28367367 |
| species identification and resistance status of anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes in guinea. | insecticide resistance is one of the primary threats to the recent gains in malaria control. this is especially true in guinea, where long-lasting insecticidal nets are currently the primary vector control intervention. to better inform the national malaria control program on the current status of insecticide resistance in guinea, resistance bioassays were conducted, using anopheles gambiae s.l. giles, in three sites. molecular analyses were also done on an. gambiae s.l. to determine the species ... | 2017 | 28399224 |
| assessment of ficam vc (bendiocarb) residual activity on different wall surfaces for control of anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) in northern uganda. | insecticide decay rate on different wall surfaces is of importance to indoor residual spray (irs) programs used as a malaria control intervention. past irs operations showed increasing populations of endophilic malaria vectors resting on indoor surfaces from various sites in uganda following use of ficam vc (bendiocarb) insecticide; variability of insecticide life was believed to be primarily due to wall surface type. bendiocarb longevity was tested in the northern uganda districts of amuru, apa ... | 2017 | 28399299 |
| insecticide resistance patterns in uganda and the effect of indoor residual spraying with bendiocarb on kdr l1014s frequencies in anopheles gambiae s.s. | resistance of malaria vectors to pyrethroid insecticides has been attributed to selection pressure from long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), indoor residual spraying (irs), and the use of chemicals in agriculture. the use of different classes of insecticides in combination or by rotation has been recommended for resistance management. the aim of this study was to understand the role of irs with a carbamate insecticide in management of pyrethroid resistance. | 2017 | 28427415 |
| evaluation of efficacy of interceptor® g2, a long-lasting insecticide net coated with a mixture of chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin, against pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae s.l. in burkina faso. | malaria vectors have acquired widespread resistance throughout sub-saharan africa to many of the currently used insecticides. hence, there is an urgent need to develop alternative strategies including the development of new insecticides for effective management of insecticide resistance. to maintain progress against malaria, it is necessary to identify other residual insecticides for mosquito nets. in the present whopes phase ii analogue study, the utility of chlorfenapyr, a pyrrole class insect ... | 2017 | 28482891 |
| indoor residual spraying with micro-encapsulated pirimiphos-methyl (actellic® 300cs) against malaria vectors in the lake victoria basin, tanzania. | the indoor residual spraying programme for malaria vectors control was implemented in four districts of the lake victoria basin of tanzania namely ukerewe, sengerema, rorya andserengeti. entomological monitoring activities were implemented in one sentinel village in each district to evaluate the efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl 300 cs sprayed on different wall surfaces and its impact against malaria vectors post-irs intervention. | 2017 | 28489935 |
| light manipulation of mosquito behaviour: acute and sustained photic suppression of biting activity in the anopheles gambiae malaria mosquito. | host-seeking behaviours in anopheline mosquitoes are time-of-day specific, with a greater propensity for nocturnal biting. we investigated how a short exposure to light presented during the night or late day can inhibit biting activity and modulate flight activity behaviour. | 2017 | 28619089 |
| variation in host preferences of malaria mosquitoes is mediated by skin bacterial volatiles. | the host preferences of the anthropophilic mosquito species in the anopheles gambiae complex (diptera: culicidae) are mediated by skin bacterial volatiles. however, it is not known whether these mosquitoes respond differentially to skin bacterial volatiles from non-human host species. in this study, the responses of two malaria mosquito species in the an. gambiae complex, anopheles gambiae s.s. (hereafter, an. gambiae) and anopheles arabiensis, with different host preferences, to volatiles relea ... | 2017 | 28639690 |
| multiple mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids in anopheles gambiae s.l populations in niger. | we performed a transversal study to map resistance of malaria vectors (anopheles mosquitoes) to insecticides in niger within the frame of the national malaria control program funded by the world health organization (who). | 2017 | 28648613 |
| community perceptions on outdoor malaria transmission in kilombero valley, southern tanzania. | the extensive use of indoor residual spraying (irs) and insecticide-treated nets (itns) in africa has contributed to a significant reduction in malaria transmission. even so, residual malaria transmission persists in many regions, partly driven by mosquitoes that bite people outdoors. in areas where anopheles gambiae s.s. is a dominant vector, most interventions target the reduction of indoor transmission. the increased use of itns/llins and irs has led to the decline of this species. as a resul ... | 2017 | 28676051 |
| explaining variation in adult anopheles indoor resting abundance: the relative effects of larval habitat proximity and insecticide-treated bed net use. | spatial determinants of malaria risk within communities are associated with heterogeneity of exposure to vector mosquitoes. the abundance of adult malaria vectors inside people's houses, where most transmission takes place, should be associated with several factors: proximity of houses to larval habitats, structural characteristics of houses, indoor use of vector control tools containing insecticides, and human behavioural and environmental factors in and near houses. while most previous studies ... | 2017 | 28716087 |
| influence of pyrethroïd-treated bed net on host seeking behavior of anopheles gambiae s.s. carrying the kdr allele. | the use of long lasting insecticide nets (llins) treated with pyrethroïd is known for its major contribution in malaria control. however, llins are suspected to induce behavioral changes in malaria vectors, which may in turn drastically affect their efficacy against plasmodium sp. transmission. in sub saharan africa, where malaria imposes the heaviest burden, the main malaria vectors are widely resistant to pyrethroïds, the insecticide family used on llins, which also threatens llin efficiency. ... | 2017 | 28759566 |
| eave tubes for malaria control in africa: prototyping and evaluation against anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis under semi-field conditions in western kenya. | whilst significant progress has been made in the fight against malaria, vector control continues to rely on just two insecticidal methods, i.e., indoor residual spraying and insecticidal bed nets. house improvement shows great potential to complement these methods and may further reduce indoor mosquito biting and disease transmission. open eaves serve as important mosquito house entry points and provide a suitable location for intercepting host-seeking anophelines. this study describes semi-fiel ... | 2017 | 28778169 |
| 'repel all biters': an enhanced collection of endophilic anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in cdc light-traps, from the kagera region of tanzania, in the presence of a combination mosquito net impregnated with piperonyl butoxide and permethrin. | mosquito nets containing synergists designed to overcome metabolic resistance mechanisms in vectors have been developed. these may enhance excitability in the mosquitoes and affect how they respond to cdc light-traps. investigating the behaviour of vectors of disease in relation to novel mosquito nets is, therefore, essential for the design of sampling and surveillance systems. | 2017 | 28810872 |
| which intervention is better for malaria vector control: insecticide mixture long-lasting insecticidal nets or standard pyrethroid nets combined with indoor residual spraying? | malaria control today is threatened by widespread insecticide resistance in vector populations. the world health organization (who) recommends the use of a mixture of unrelated insecticides for indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (lns) or as a combination of interventions for improved vector control and insecticide resistance management. studies investigating the efficacy of these different strategies are necessary. | 2017 | 28814307 |
| evaluation of piperonyl butoxide in enhancing the efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides against resistant anopheles gambiae s.l. in ghana. | malaria vector control methods involving the use of pyrethroids remain the strategies being used against malaria vectors in ghana. these methods include the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying in many areas in ghana. however, there is evidence that pyrethroid resistance is widespread in many areas in ghana. synergists have been shown to be useful in inhibiting the enzymes that are responsible for the development of resistance and hence enhance the insecticide susce ... | 2017 | 28818077 |
| insecticide resistance status of three malaria vectors, anopheles gambiae (s.l.), an. funestus and an. mascarensis, from the south, central and east coasts of madagascar. | insecticide-based vector control, which comprises use of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs), is the key method to malaria control in madagascar. however, its effectiveness is threatened as vectors become resistant to insecticides. this study investigated the resistance status of malaria vectors in madagascar to various insecticides recommended for use in itns and/or irs. | 2017 | 28835269 |
| 2-butanone as a carbon dioxide mimic in attractant blends for the afrotropical malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. | most odour baits designed to attract host-seeking mosquitoes contain carbon dioxide (co2), which enhances trap catches, given its role as a mosquito flight activator. however, the use of co2 is expensive and logistically demanding for prolonged area-wide use. | 2017 | 28836977 |