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[spatial pattern relationships between emerald ash borer larvae and their natural enemies].the investigation on the spatial patterns of emerald ash borer (eab) larvae, parasitoid spathius agrili, and eab-preying woodpecker pecks in ash forests showed that in horizontal direction, eab larvae, parasitoid s. agrili and woodpecker pecks were in negative binomial distribution, while in vertical direction, eab larvae were distributed on ash trunks from above ground to 3.37 m in height, with a peak around the 1.50 m. their natural enemies also favored this range.200516262053
effects of cutting date, outdoor storage conditions, and splitting on survival of agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) in firewood logs.the emerald ash borer agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae) is an exotic pest of ash (fraxinus spp.) in north america. we conducted studies in michigan to evaluate how different tree cutting dates, outdoor storage conditions, and splitting affected a. planipennis survival in firewood logs. in 2002-2003, we cut logs from a. planipennis-infested ash trees each month, from july to october, and stored half of the logs in shade and half in full sun. in 2003-2004, we tested logs cut ...200616813313
susceptibility of agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) to beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae.the susceptibility of agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae) to selected strains of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin and metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin was evaluated through bioassays with direct immersion or foliar exposure under laboratory conditions. results showed that a. planipennis adults were susceptible to b. bassiana and m. anisoplae. significant time-mortality response was found for each isolates. isolate b. bassiana gha ...200616937660
non-target effects on aquatic decomposer organisms of imidacloprid as a systemic insecticide to control emerald ash borer in riparian trees.imidacloprid is effective against emerald ash borer when applied as a systemic insecticide. following stem or soil injections to trees in riparian areas, imidacloprid residues could be indirectly introduced to aquatic systems via leaf fall or leaching. either route of exposure may affect non-target, aquatic decomposer organisms. leaves from ash trees treated with imidacloprid at two field rates and an intentionally-high concentration were added to aquatic microcosms. leaves from trees treated at ...200717512054
comparative phloem chemistry of manchurian (fraxinus mandshurica) and two north american ash species (fraxinus americana and fraxinus pennsylvanica).recent studies have investigated interspecific variation in resistance of ash (fraxinus spp.) to the exotic wood-boring beetle, emerald ash borer (eab, agrilus planipennis). manchurian ash (fraxinus mandshurica) is an asian species that has coevolved with eab. it experiences little eab-induced mortality compared to north american ashes. host phloem chemistry, both constitutive and induced, might partly explain this interspecific variation in resistance. we analyzed the constitutive phloem chemis ...200717522965
effects of chipping, grinding, and heat on survival of emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae), in chips.the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), a phloem-feeding insect from asia, was identified in 2002 as the cause of widespread ash (fraxinus sp.) mortality in southeastern michigan and essex county, ontario. most larvae overwinter as nonfeeding prepupae in the outer sapwood or thick bark of large trees. in a series of studies, we evaluated effects of grinding, chipping, and heat treatment on survival of a. planipennis prepupae in ash material. heavily infest ...200717849884
estimating potential emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) populations using ash inventory data.emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), a phloem-feeding pest native to asia, was identified in june 2002 as the cause of widespread ash (fraxinus spp.), mortality in southeastern michigan and windsor, ontario, canada. localized populations of a. planipennis have since been found across lower michigan and in areas of ohio, indiana, illinois, maryland, and ontario. officials working to contain a. planipennis and managers of forestlands near a. planipennis infes ...200717972635
antennally active macrolide from the emerald ash borer agrilus planipennis emitted predominantly by females.the macrocyclic lactone (3z)-dodecen-12-olide was identified from the emissions of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis, feeding on ash foliage. the compound was detected from both sexes but was ca. 10 times more abundant from females. it was readily sensed by antennae of both males and females. identification was confirmed by synthesis. the behavioral effects of the lactone remain unstudied in a. planipennis, but a verified pheromonal function could lead to improved monitoring for this in ...200718027429
host range of the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis fairmaire) (coleoptera: buprestidae) in north america: results of multiple-choice field experiments.emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis fairmaire) (coleoptera: buprestidae), an invasive phloem-feeding pest, was identified as the cause of widespread ash (fraxinus) mortality in southeast michigan and windsor, ontario, canada, in 2002. a. planipennis reportedly colonizes other genera in its native range in asia, including ulmus l., juglans l., and pterocarya kunth. attacks on nonash species have not been observed in north america to date, but there is concern that other genera could be coloniz ...200818348815
interspecific variation in resistance to emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) among north american and asian ash (fraxinus spp.).we conducted a 3-yr study to compare the susceptibility of selected north american ash and an asian ash species to emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, an invasive wood-boring beetle introduced to north america from asia. because of a coevolutionary relationship between asian ashes and emerald ash borer, we hypothesized an asian ash species, manchurian ash, is more resistant to the beetle than its north american congeners. consistent with our hypothesis, manchurian ash experienced f ...200818348816
development of a host-based semiochemical lure for trapping emerald ash borer agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae).bark volatiles from green ash fraxinus pennsylvanica were tested for electrophysiological activity by agrilus planipennis using gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (gc-ead) and for behavioral activity using baited purple traps in michigan. gc-ead analysis of the headspace volatiles of bark tissue samples from 0- and 24-h-old fully girdled (stressed) ash trees showed that the latter had elevated sesquiterpene levels. six of the elevated compounds consistently elicited antennal res ...200818419907
forest health conditions in north america.some of the greatest forest health impacts in north america are caused by invasive forest insects and pathogens (e.g., emerald ash borer and sudden oak death in the us), by severe outbreaks of native pests (e.g., mountain pine beetle in canada), and fires exacerbated by changing climate. ozone and n and s pollutants continue to impact the health of forests in several regions of north america. long-term monitoring of forest health indicators has facilitated the assessment of forest health and sus ...200818479794
electrophysiological response and attraction of emerald ash borer to green leaf volatiles (glvs) emitted by host foliage.green leaf volatiles (glvs) function as host attractants, pheromone synergists, or sexual kairomones for a number of coleopteran folivores. hence, we focused on host glvs to determine if they were attractive to adults of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae), which feeds on ash (fraxinus) foliage. eight glvs were identified by chromatography-electroantennogram (gc) and gc-mass spectrometry in foliar headspace volatiles collected in traps containing super-q from whi ...200818600378
progression of ash canopy thinning and dieback outward from the initial infestation of emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) in southeastern michigan.our objective was to characterize the rate at which ash (fraxinus spp.) trees decline in areas adjacent to the leading edge of visible ash canopy thinning due to emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae). trees in southeastern michigan were surveyed from 2003 to 2006 for canopy thinning and dieback by comparing survey trees with a set of 11 standard photographs. freeways stemming from detroit in all directions were used as survey transects. between 750 and 1,100 ...200818950047
gut microbiota of an invasive subcortical beetle, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, across various life stages.we characterized gut microbial communities in the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, an invasive phloem-feeding and wood-boring beetle that has caused extensive mortality to urban and forest ash trees. analyses included both 16s rrna gene-based and culture-based approaches. we estimated that the emerald ash borer gut harbors 44, 71, and 49 operational taxonomic units (otus(0.03)) in the larval, prepupal, and adult stages, respectively, and a total of 132 otus(0.03) when data from ...200819036215
influence of trap placement and design on capture of the emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae).the key to an effective pest management program for the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera buprestidae), is a survey program equipped with tools for detecting and delimiting populations. we studied the effects of trap design, color, and placement on the efficacy of sticky traps for capturing the emerald ash borer. there were significant differences in trap catch along a transect gradient from wooded to open field conditions, with most beetles being caught along the edge ...200819133464
behavioral evidence for a contact sex pheromone component of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire.the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of emerald ash borers, agrilus planipennis, were examined to determine if there are differences in these compounds between the sexes. we also assessed feral male eab in the field for behavioral changes based on the application of a female-specific compound to dead, solvent-washed beetles. males in the field spent significantly more time attempting copulation with dead, pinned female beetles coated with a three-beetle-equivalent dose of 3-methyltricosane than wi ...200919153798
a contact sex pheromone component of the emerald ash borer agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae).analyses of the elytral hydrocarbons from male and female emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, that were freshly emerged vs. sexually mature (>10 days old) revealed a female-specific compound, 9-methyl-pentacosane (9-me-c(25)), only present in sexually mature females. this material was synthesized by the wittig reaction of 2-decanone with (n-hexadecyl)-triphenylphosphonium bromide followed by catalytic reduction to yield racemic 9-me c(25), which matched the natural compound by gas ...200919238346
host selection and feeding preference of agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) on ash (fraxinus spp.).we studied the host selection behavior and feeding preference of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae). a. planipennis is an exotic forest insect pest native to asia that was discovered in north america in 2002 and is causing widespread mortality of ash trees (fraxinus spp.) in southeast michigan and surrounding states. we compared host selection and feeding behavior on different species of ash including manchurian ash (f. mandshurica rupr.), green ash (f ...200919508785
interactive influence of leaf age, light intensity, and girdling on green ash foliar chemistry and emerald ash borer development.biotic and abiotic environmental factors affect plant nutritional quality and defensive compounds that confer plant resistance to herbivory. influence of leaf age, light availability, and girdling on foliar nutrition and defense of green ash (fraxinus pennsylvanica marsh) was examined in this study. longevity of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), adults reared on green ash foliage subjected to these factors was assayed. mature leaves generally were mo ...200919568811
effectiveness of differing trap types for the detection of emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae).the early detection of populations of a forest pest is important to begin initial control efforts, minimizing the risk of further spread and impact. emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis fairmaire) is an introduced pestiferous insect of ash (fraxinus spp. l.) in north america. the effectiveness of trapping techniques, including girdled trap trees with sticky bands and purple prism traps, was tested in areas with low- and high-density populations of emerald ash borer. at both densities, large gi ...200919689904
cryopreservation of dormant buds from diverse fraxinus species.ash (fraxinus) is an economically important tree genus in the landscape industry, as well as a key component of north american forests, especially in the north central united states and adjacent regions in canada. in recent years, the emerald ash borer beetle (agrilus planipennis) has significantly threatened the survival of native north american fraxinus species. a dormant-bud cryopreservation technique has been developed as a method to conserve specific clones of ash. dormant buds of three ash ...200919789823
sensilla on the antennae, legs and ovipositor of spathius agrili yang (hymenoptera: braconidae), a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae).to investigate the host-finding mechanisms of spathius agrili yang, a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, a highly concealed insect pest of fraxinus spp. the morphology and ultrastructure of sensilla on the antennae and legs of both sexes and on the ovipositors and ovipositor sheaths of females were observed using sem. results showed that abundant sensilla trichodea (st) are distributed on the antennae of both females and males, with the sharp trichoid with a sock ...201019937753
emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) attraction to stressed or baited ash trees.emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), has killed millions of ash (fraxinus sp.) trees in north america since its discovery in michigan in 2002. efficient methods to detect low-density a. planipennis populations remain a critical priority for regulatory and resource management agencies. we compared the density of adult a. planipennis captured on sticky bands and larval density among ash trees that were girdled for 1 or 2 yr, wounded, exposed to the stress-eli ...200920021763
biotic and abiotic factors affect green ash volatile production and emerald ash borer adult feeding preference.the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), is an exotic woodborer first detected in 2002 in michigan and ontario and is threatening the ash resource in north america. we examined the effects of light exposure and girdling on green ash (fraxinus pennsylvanica marsh) volatile production, and effects of light exposure, girdling, and leaf age on emerald ash borer adult feeding preferences and phototaxis. green ash seedlings grown under higher light exposure had l ...200920021772
evaluation of heat treatment schedules for emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae).the thermotolerance of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), was evaluated by subjecting larvae and prepupae to a number of time-temperature regimes. three independent experiments were conducted during 2006 and 2007 by heating emerald ash borer infested firewood in laboratory ovens. heat treatments were established based on the internal wood temperature. treatments ranged from 45 to 65 degrees c for 30 and 60 min, and the ability of larvae to pupate and ...200920069830
laboratory and field response of the emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae), to selected regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.retinal sensitivity of agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae) was examined with an aim to improve trap efficacy for the beetle. electroretinogram (erg) recordings from dark-adapted compound eyes of male and female were measured at different wavelengths across the spectrum ranging from 300 to 700 nm. the spectral sensitivity curves revealed peaks in the uv (340 nm), the violet/purple (420-430 nm), blue (460 nm), and green (540-560 nm) regions of the spectrum. females were sensiti ...200920069845
chemical ecology of the emerald ash borer agrilus planipennis.the emerald ash borer (eab), agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae) is a serious invasive pest that has caused devastating mortality of ash trees (fraxinus sp., oleaceae) since it was first identified in north america in 2002. shortly after its discovery, surveys were conducted, based on the visual inspection of trees. the shortcomings of visual surveys have led to a critical research need to find an efficient survey method for detecting a. planipennis infestations. here, we pre ...201020108026
protection of individual ash trees from emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) with basal soil applications of imidacloprid.we conducted field trials at five different locations over a period of 6 yr to investigate the efficacy of imidacloprid applied each spring as a basal soil drench for protection against emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae). canopy thinning and emerald ash borer larval density were used to evaluate efficacy for 3-4 yr at each location while treatments continued. test sites included small urban trees (5-15 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]), medium to large ( ...201020214376
dispersal of agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) from discrete epicenters in two outlier sites.emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis (fairmaire) (coleoptera: buprestidae), a phloem-feeding beetle native to asia, has become one of the most destructive forest pests in north america. since it was first identified in 2002 in southeast michigan and windsor, ontario, dozens of isolated a. planipennis populations have been discovered throughout michigan and ontario, and in 12 other states and the province of quebec. we assessed realized a. planipennis dispersal at two discrete outlier sites tha ...201020388252
analysis of gene expression in emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis) using quantitative real time-pcr.emerald ash borer (eab, agrilus planipennis) is an exotic invasive pest, which has killed millions of ash trees (fraxinus spp) in north america. eab continues to spread rapidly and attacks ash trees of different ages, from saplings to mature trees. however, to date very little or no molecular knowledge exists for eab. we are interested in deciphering the molecular-based physiological processes at the tissue level that aid eab in successful colonization of ash trees. in this report we show the ef ...201020445495
failure to phytosanitize ash firewood infested with emerald ash borer in a small dry kiln using ispm-15 standards.although current usda-aphis standards suggest that a core temperature of 71.1 degrees c (160 degrees f) for 75 min is needed to adequately sanitize emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire-infested firewood, it is unclear whether more moderate (and economical) treatment regimes will adequately eradicate emerald ash borer larvae and prepupae from ash firewood. we constructed a small dry kiln in an effort to emulate the type of technology a small- to medium-sized firewood producer might us ...201020568603
sulfuryl fluoride as a quarantine treatment for emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) in ash logs.fraxinus spp. logs infested with agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae) were fumigated with sulfuryl fluoride (sf) in 432-liter chambers at 15.6 and 21.1 degrees c for 24 and 48 h. concentration x time (cxt) exposures (g-h/m3) of sf obtained were 3,382 (24-h exposure) and 5,466 (48-h exposure) at 15.6 degrees c and 3,329 (24 h) and 4,385 (48-h exposure) at 21.1 degrees c after doses of 144, 128, 128, and 104 g/m3, respectively. after aeration, logs were placed in modified fiber ...201020568604
azadirachtin: an effective systemic insecticide for control of agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae).the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), an invasive pest discovered in north america in 2002, is now well established and threatens ash (fraxinus spp.) trees throughout the continent. experiments were conducted to 1) examine the efficacy of an alternative natural pesticide, azadirachtin, to control emerald ash borer, and 2) determine foliar uptake and dissipation patterns after systemic injections of azadirachtin into trunks of small (2.2 cm diameter at br ...201020568616
biology and behavior of spathius agrili, a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis, in china.spathius agrili yang (hymenoptera: braconidae) is a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae) and is a recently described species. both pest and parasitoid are native to china. in tianjin city, china, s. agrili typically exhibited 3-4 generations per year, overwintering as a prepupa in a cocoon inside the host gallery. the multiple generations of s. agrili overlapped with its host, as did the emergence dates of the overwint ...201020569125
molecular characterization of mariner-like elements in emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis (coleoptera, polyphaga).emerald ash borer (eab, agrilus planipennis), an exotic invasive pest, has killed millions of ash trees (fraxinus spp.) in north america and continues to threaten the very survival of the entire fraxinus genus. despite its high-impact status, to date very little knowledge exists for this devastating insect pest at the molecular level. mariner-like elements (mles) are transposable elements, which are ubiquitous in occurrence in insects and other invertebrates. because of their low specificity and ...201020602451
suitability and accessibility of immature agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) stages to tetrastichus planipennisi (hymenoptera: eulophidae).tetrastichus planipennisi yang (hymenoptera: eulophidae), a gregarious larval endo-parasitoid, is one of three biocontrol agents from asia currently being released in the united states to combat the invasive emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae). the current protocol for rearing t. planipennisi involves presenting the wasps with artificially infested ash sticks made by placing field-collected larvae into shallow grooves beneath flaps of bark. although third a ...201020857714
optimization of trap color for emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae).field assays were performed to determine the optimal color for agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae) traps. previous studies have found that more a. planipennis are caught on purple or green traps than traps of other colors. in three studies, we evaluated various shades of purple, wavelengths of green (500-570 nm), and greens of different reflectance (from 9 to 66%). in all tests, traps of corrugated plastic in standard, commercially available purple (currently used to survey a ...201020857732
the biology and ecology of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis, in china.the biology, ecology, and life cycle of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), were studied using regular inspection in the forest and observations in the laboratory. results indicated that a. planipennis are mostly univoltine in tianjin, china. they overwintered individually as mature larvae in shallow chambers excavated in the outer sapwood. in late july, some full-grown larvae began to build overwintering chambers, and all larvae entered the sapwood fo ...201020879922
tissue-specific transcriptomics of the exotic invasive insect pest emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis).the insect midgut and fat body represent major tissue interfaces that deal with several important physiological functions including digestion, detoxification and immune response. the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis), is an exotic invasive insect pest that has killed millions of ash trees (fraxinus spp.) primarily in the midwestern united states and ontario, canada. however, despite its high impact status little knowledge exists for a. planipennis at the molecular level.201021060843
what does "local" firewood buy you? managing the risk of invasive species introduction.firewood can serve as a vector in the transport of non-native species, including wood-boring insects that feed within the wood and thus can be transported accidentally. governments have enacted limitations on the movement of firewood in an effort to limit the anthropogenic movement of non-native species through, for example, recreational camping. although the movement of invasive species through firewood is a documented invasion pathway, it is not trivial for governments to determine a "safe" al ...201021061955
incidence of bark- and wood-boring insects in firewood: a survey at michigan's mackinac bridge.firewood is a major pathway for the inadvertent movement of bark- and wood-infesting insects. after discovery of agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae) in southeastern michigan in 2002, quarantines were enacted including prohibition of transporting firewood across the mackinac bridge between michigan's lower and upper peninsulas. drivers are required to surrender firewood before crossing the bridge. we surveyed recently surrendered firewood in april, july, and september 2008 and ...201021061968
the overwintering physiology of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae).ability to survive cold is an important factor in determining northern range limits of insects. the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis) is an invasive beetle introduced from asia that is causing extensive damage to ash trees in north america, but little is known about its cold tolerance. herein, the cold tolerance strategy and mechanisms involved in the cold tolerance of the emerald ash borer were investigated, and seasonal changes in these mechanisms monitored. the majority of emerald ash b ...201121070784
differential response in foliar chemistry of three ash species to emerald ash borer adult feeding.the emerald ash borer (eab; agrilus planipennis fairmaire; coleoptera: buprestidae), is an exotic wood-boring beetle that has been threatening north american ash (fraxinus spp.) resources since its discovery in michigan and ontario in 2002. in this study, we investigated the phytochemical responses of the three most common north american ash species (black, green, and white ash) in northeastern usa to eab adult feeding. black ash was the least responsive to eab adult feeding in terms of the indu ...201121153046
morphology, molecular characteristics and prevalence of a cystosporogenes species (microsporidia) isolated from agrilus anxius (coleoptera: buprestidae).a microsporidium was isolated from the bronze birch borer, agrilus anxius gory (coleoptera: buprestidae), collected near sudbury and sault ste marie, canada. light and electron microscopic investigations showed that gross pathology and ultrastructure of the investigated cystosporogenes species was similar to those characterized and described for other cystosporogenes species. small subunit rrna gene sequence data and comparative phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the microsporidian species fro ...201021167169
transcriptomic signatures of ash (fraxinus spp.) phloem.ash (fraxinus spp.) is a dominant tree species throughout urban and forested landscapes of north america (na). the rapid invasion of na by emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis), a wood-boring beetle endemic to eastern asia, has resulted in the death of millions of ash trees and threatens billions more. larvae feed primarily on phloem tissue, which girdles and kills the tree. while na ash species including black (f. nigra), green (f. pennsylvannica) and white (f. americana) are highly susceptib ...201121283712
low-temperature methyl bromide fumigation of emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) in ash logs.ash (fraxinus spp.) logs, infested with fully developed, cold-acclimated larval and prepupal emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), were fumigated with methyl bromide (mebr) at 4.4 and 10.0 degrees c for 24 h. concentrations x time dosages of mebr obtained were 1579 and 1273 g-h/m3 (24-h exposure) at 4.4 and 10.0 degrees c after applied doses of 112 and 96 g/m3, respectively. mebr concentrations were simultaneously measured with a containir infrared monitor a ...201121404841
role of emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) larval vibrations in host-quality assessment by tetrastichus planipennisi (hymenoptera: eulophidae).the biological control agent tetrastichus planipennisi yang (hymenoptera: eulophidae) is a gregarious larval endoparasitoid of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), an invasive cambium-feeding species responsible for recent, widespread mortality of ash (fraxinus spp.) in north america. t. planipennisi is known to prefer late-instar emerald ash borer, but the cues used to assess host size by this species and most other parasitoids of concealed hosts remai ...201121404843
comparison of male and female emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) responses to phoebe oil and (z)-3-hexenol lures in light green prism traps.we conducted trapping experiments for the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae) in michigan, u.s.a., and ontario, canada, to compare unbaited light green sticky prism traps with traps baited with phoebe oil, (z)-3-hexenol (z3-6:oh), or blends of other green leaf volatiles (glvs) with z3-6:oh. traps were placed in the lower canopy of ash trees (fraxinus spp.). catches with z3-6:oh-baited traps showed a significant male bias and these traps caught significantly ...201121404855
antioxidant genes of the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis): gene characterization and expression profiles.phytophagous insects frequently encounter reactive oxygen species (ros) from exogenous and endogenous sources. to overcome the effect of ros, insects have evolved a suite of antioxidant defense genes such as superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), ascorbate peroxidase (apx) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx). the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis fairmaire), an exotic invasive insect pest from asia has killed millions of ash trees and continues to invade north america at a rapid pace. fro ...201121439289
effects of rearing conditions on reproduction of spathius agrili (hymenoptera: braconidae), a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae).spathius agrili yang (hymenoptera: braconidae) can be successfully reared on emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), larvae feeding in chambers drilled in small ash twigs that are wrapped with floral tape. females maintained in groups with males for one week can receive enough sperm for production of female progeny throughout their lives. volatiles released by emerald ash borer adults feeding on ash foliage increased parasitoid fecundity over ash foliage alone ...201121510183
evaluation of double-decker traps for emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae).improved detection tools are needed for the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), an invasive forest insect from asia that has killed millions of ash (fraxinus spp.) trees in north america since its discovery in michigan in 2002. we evaluated attraction of adult a. planipennis to artificial traps incorporating visual (e.g., height, color, silhouette) and olfactory cues (e.g., host volatiles) at field sites in michigan. we developed a double-decker trap consi ...201121510200
environmental safety to decomposer invertebrates of azadirachtin (neem) as a systemic insecticide in trees to control emerald ash borer.the non-target effects of an azadirachtin-based systemic insecticide used for control of wood-boring insect pests in trees were assessed on litter-dwelling earthworms, leaf-shredding aquatic insects, and microbial communities in terrestrial and aquatic microcosms. the insecticide was injected into the trunks of ash trees at a rate of 0.2 gazadirachtin cm(-1) tree diameter in early summer. at the time of senescence, foliar concentrations in most (65%) leaves where at or below detection (<0.01 mg ...201121531021
distinguishing defensive characteristics in the phloem of ash species resistant and susceptible to emerald ash borer.we examined the extent to which three fraxinus cultivars and a wild population that vary in their resistance to emerald ash borer (eab) could be differentiated on the basis of a suite of constitutive chemical defense traits in phloem extracts. the eab-resistant manchurian ash (f. mandshurica, cv. mancana) was characterized by having a rapid rate of wound browning, a high soluble protein concentration, low trypsin inhibitor activities, and intermediate levels of peroxidase activity and total solu ...201121537902
the influence of satellite populations of emerald ash borer on projected economic costs in u.s. communities, 2010-2020.the invasion spread of the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis fairmaire) (coleoptera: buprestidae) is characterized by the formation of satellite populations that expand and coalesce with the continuously invading population front. as of january 2010, satellite infestations have been detected in 13 states and two canadian provinces. understanding how newly established satellite populations may affect economic costs can help program managers to justify and design prevention and control strate ...201121546148
foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins following direct stem injection into white and green ash trees for control of emerald ash borer.azadirachtins are natural insecticides derived from the neem tree. the emerald ash borer (eab) is an exotic invasive insect pest that infests various ash tree species and has the potential for significant economic, aesthetic and ecological impacts throughout north america. the initial translocation and foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins were examined following direct injection into white and green ash trees growing in urban scenarios as a potential control for eab.201121567888
absolute configuration of 7-epi-sesquithujene.7-epi-sesquithujene (1) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene isolated from phoebe oil, an essential oil of the brazilian walnut tree, phoebe porosa. it is also produced by stressed ash trees and has been shown to elicit strong electrophysiological responses on emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis, antennae. in the course of the development of a synthetic 7-epi-sesquithujene lure for field testing against the emerald ash borer, we found that the absolute configuration of this compound had not been deter ...201121574561
inventory methods for trees in nonforest areas in the great plains states.the us forest service's forest inventory and analysis (fia) program collects information on trees in areas that meet its definition of forest. however, the inventory excludes trees in areas that do not meet this definition, such as those found in urban areas, in isolated patches, in areas with sparse or predominantly herbaceous vegetation, in narrow strips (e.g., shelterbelts), or in riparian areas. in the great plains states, little is known about the tree resource in these noninventoried, nonf ...201221713500
analytical study of azadirachtin and 3-tigloylazadirachtol residues in foliage and phloem of hardwood tree species by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry.a rapid and sensitive lc-esi-ms method has been developed and validated for the quantitation of azadirachtin and 3-tigloylazadirachtol in deciduous tree matrices. the method involves automated extraction and simultaneous cleanup using an accelerated solvent technique with the matrix dispersed in solid phase over a layer of primary-secondary amine silica. the limits of quantification were 0.02 mg/kg for all matrices with the exception of norway maple foliage (0.05 mg/kg). validation at three leve ...201121726086
efficacy of multifunnel traps for capturing emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae): effect of color, glue, and other trap coatings.tens of thousands of adhesive-coated purple prism traps are deployed annually in the united states to survey for the invasive emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae). a reusable, more user-friendly trap is desired by program managers, surveyors, and researchers. field assays were conducted in southeastern michigan to ascertain the feasibility of using nonsticky traps as survey and detection tools for emerald ash borer. three nonsticky trap designs, including mu ...201121735910
feeding by emerald ash borer larvae induces systemic changes in black ash foliar chemistry.the exotic wood-boring pest, emerald ash borer (eab), agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), has been threatening north american ash (fraxinus spp.) resources, this being recognized since its first detection in michigan, usa and ontario, canada in 2002. ash trees are killed by larval feeding in the cambial region, which results in disruption of photosynthate and nutrient translocation. in this study, changes in volatile and non-volatile foliar phytochemicals of potted 2-yr-old ...201121802697
interspecific proteomic comparisons reveal ash phloem genes potentially involved in constitutive resistance to the emerald ash borer.the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis) is an invasive wood-boring beetle that has killed millions of ash trees since its accidental introduction to north america. all north american ash species (fraxinus spp.) that emerald ash borer has encountered so far are susceptible, while an asian species, manchurian ash (f. mandshurica), which shares an evolutionary history with emerald ash borer, is resistant. phylogenetic evidence places north american black ash (f. nigra) and manchurian ash in the ...201121949771
evaluation of agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) control provided by emamectin benzoate and two neonicotinoid insecticides, one and two seasons after treatment.effective methods are needed to protect ash trees (fraxinus spp.) from emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), an invasive buprestid that has killed millions of north american ash (fraxinus spp.) trees. we randomly assigned 175 ash trees (11.5-48.1 cm in diameter) in 25 blocks located in three study sites in michigan to one of seven insecticide treatments in may 2007. treatments included 1) trunk-injected emamectin benzoate; 2) trunk-injected imidacloprid; 3) ...201122066190
field-cage methodology for evaluating climatic suitability for introduced wood-borer parasitoids: preliminary results from the emerald ash borer system.field-cage methods were developed to evaluate the abilities of tetrastichus planipennisi yang (hymenoptera: eulophidae) and spathius agrili yang (hymenoptera: braconidae), biocontrol agents of agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), to parasitize, develop and overwinter following three late-season releases at both a northern (michigan) and a southern (maryland) location within the current north american range of a. planipennis. in august, september and october of 2009, five youn ...201122233133
biology and life history of balcha indica, an ectoparasitoid attacking the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis, in north america.balcha indica mani and kaul (hymenoptera: eupelmidae) is a solitary ectoparasitoid attacking larvae, prepupae, and pupae of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (hymenoptera: eupelmidae). its fecundity, oviposition rate, longevity, and development time were determined in the laboratory under standard rearing conditions (25 ± 2° c, 65 ± 10% relative humidity, and 14:10 l:d). adults lived a mean of 59 days with a maximum of 117 days. lifetime adult fecundity averaged 36 eggs with a ...201122233385
susceptibility of two hymenopteran parasitoids of agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (ascomycota: hypocreales).emerald ash borer (eab), agrilus planipennis fairmaire, native to asia, is killing ash trees (fraxinus spp.) across 15 states and southeastern canada. integrated pest management using biological control is the only viable long-term approach for controlling the spread of eab outside of host resistance. three hymenopteran parasitoids, spathius agrili yang, tetrastichus planipennisi yang, and oobius agrili zhang and huang were discovered attacking eab in china and were approved for release in the u ...201222245471
detectability of the emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) in asymptomatic urban trees by using branch samples.the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, is an exotic invasive insect causing extensive mortality to ash trees, fraxinus spp., in canada and the united states. detection of incipient populations of this pest is difficult because of its cryptic life stages and a multiyear time lag between initial attack and the appearance of signs or symptoms of infestation. we sampled branches from open-grown urban ash trees to develop a sample unit suitable for detecting low density a. planipennis ...201122251647
evidence for a volatile pheromone in agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae) that increases attraction to a host foliar volatile.analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) of volatiles from virgin female emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire confirmed the emission of (3z)-lactone [(3z)-dodecen-12-olide] but not its geometric isomer, (3e)-lactone [(3e)-dodecen-12-olide]. gas chromatographic/electroantennographic (gc/ead) analysis of synthetic (3z)-lactone, which contained 10% (3e)-lactone, showed a strong response of male and female antennae to both isomers. eag analysis with 0.01- to 100-μg dosage ...201122251692
effects of trap type, placement and ash distribution on emerald ash borer captures in a low density site.effective methods for early detection of newly established, low density emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis fairmaire) infestations are critically needed in north america. we assessed adult a. planipennis captures on four types of traps in a 16-ha site in central michigan. the site was divided into 16 blocks, each comprised of four 50- by 50-m cells. green ash trees (fraxinus pennsylvanica marshall) were inventoried by diameter class and ash phloem area was estimated for each cell. one trap t ...201122251735
spatial and temporal distribution of trunk-injected (14) c-imidacloprid in fraxinus trees.since the discovery of agrilus planipennis fairmaire (emerald ash borer) in 2002, researchers have tested several methods of chemical control. soil drench or trunk injection products containing imidacloprid are commonly used to control adults. however, efficacy can be highly variable and may be due to uneven translocation of systemic insecticides. the purpose of this study was to determine whether sectored xylem anatomy might influence imidacloprid distribution in tree crowns.201222290795
economic analysis of emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) management options.emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis (fairmaire) (coleoptera: buprestidae), plays a significant role in the health and extent of management of native north american ash species in urban forests. an economic analysis of management options was performed to aid decision makers in preparing for likely future infestations. separate ash tree population valuations were derived from the i-tree streets program and the council of tree and landscape appraisers (ctla) methodology. a relative economic anal ...201222420272
estimating the influence of population density and dispersal behavior on the ability to detect and monitor agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) populations.emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), a phloem-feeding pest of ash (fraxinus spp.) trees native to asia, was first discovered in north america in 2002. since then, a. planipennis has been found in 15 states and two canadian provinces and has killed tens of millions of ash trees. understanding the probability of detecting and accurately delineating low density populations of a. planipennis is a key component of effective management strategies. here we approac ...201222420280
preimaginal stages of the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae): an invasive pest on ash trees (fraxinus).this study provides the most detailed description of the immature stages of agrilus planipennis fairmaire to date and illustrates suites of larval characters useful in distinguishing among agrilus curtis species and instars. immature stages of eight species of agrilus were examined and imaged using light and scanning electron microscopy. for a. planipennis all preimaginal stages (egg, instars i-iv, prepupa and pupa) were described. a combination of 14 character states were identified that serve ...201222438898
male-produced pheromone of spathius agrili, a parasitoid introduced for the biological control of the invasive emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis.the braconid wasp, spathius agrili, has been released in the u.s. as a biocontrol agent for the invasive emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae: agrilus planipennis), a destructive pest of ash trees (fraxinus spp.). we identified and synthesized seven male-specific volatile compounds. three of these, dodecanal, (4r,11e)-tetradecen-4-olide, and (z)-10-heptadecen-2-one, were the key behaviorally active components in flight tunnel bioassays. male specificity was demonstrated by gas chromatograp ...201222456948
occurrence of emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) and biotic factors affecting its immature stages in the russian far east.field surveys were conducted from 2008 to 2011 in the khabarovsk and vladivostok regions of russia to investigate the occurrence of emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, and mortality factors affecting its immature stages. we found emerald ash borer infesting both introduced north american green ash (fraxinus pennsylvanica marshall) and native oriental ashes (f. mandshurica rupr. and f. rhynchophylla hance) in both regions. emerald ash borer densities (larvae/m(2) of phloem area) wer ...201222506996
measuring the impact of biotic factors on populations of immature emerald ash borers (coleoptera: buprestidae).cohorts of emerald ash borer larvae, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, were experimentally established in july of 2008 on healthy green ash (fraxinus pennsylvanica) trees in two wooded plots at each of three sites near lansing, mi, by caging gravid emerald ash borer females or placing laboratory-reared eggs on trunks (0.5-2 m above the ground) of selected trees. one plot at each site was randomly chosen for release of two introduced larval parasitoids, tetrastichus planipennisi yang (hymenoptera: e ...201022546447
interspecific comparison of constitutive ash phloem phenolic chemistry reveals compounds unique to manchurian ash, a species resistant to emerald ash borer.the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis, eab) is an invasive wood-borer indigenous to asia and is responsible for widespread ash (fraxinus spp.) mortality in the u.s. and canada. resistance and susceptibility to eab varies among fraxinus spp., which is a result of their co-evolutionary history with the pest. we characterized constitutive phenolic profiles and lignin levels in the phloem of green, white, black, blue, european, and manchurian ash. phloem was sampled twice during the growing sea ...201222588569
influence of trap color and host volatiles on capture of the emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae).field trapping assays were conducted in 2009 and 2010 throughout western michigan, to evaluate lures for adult emerald ash borer, a. planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae). several ash tree volatiles were tested on purple prism traps in 2009, and a dark green prism trap in 2010. in 2009, six bark oil distillate lure treatments were tested against manuka oil lures (used in 2008 by usda aphis ppq emerald ash borer cooperative program). purple traps baited with 80/20 (manuka/phoebe oil) si ...201222606813
characterization and virulence of beauveria spp. recovered from emerald ash borer in southwestern ontario, canada.the emerald ash borer (eab), agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae), is an invasive wood boring beetle that is decimating north america's ash trees (fraxinus spp.). to find effective and safe indigenous biocontrol agents to manage eab, we conducted a survey in 2008-2009 of entomopathogenic fungi (epf) infecting eab in five outbreak sites in southwestern ontario, canada. a total of 78 beauveria spp. isolates were retrieved from dead and mycosed eab cadavers residing in the phloem tissues o ...201222664171
attraction of agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) to a volatile pheromone: effects of release rate, host volatile, and trap placement.attraction of emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, to a volatile pheromone was demonstrated in three field experiments using baited green sticky traps. a dose-response curve was generated for male a. planipennis to increasing release rates of (3z)-dodecen-12-olide ((3z)-lactone) in combination with the green leaf volatile, (3z)-hexenol. only the lowest release rate (<2.50 μg/d) of (3z)-lactone significantly increased captures of male a. planipennis, as compared with traps baited wit ...201222732623
critical rearing parameters of tetrastichus planipennisi (hymenoptera: eulophidae) as affected by host plant substrate and host-parasitoid group structure.in laboratory assays, we evaluated the potential impact of host plant substrate types, host-parasitoid group sizes (densities), and parasitoid-to-host ratios on select fitness parameters of the larval endoparasitoid tetrastichus planipennisi yang (hymenoptera: eulophidae), newly introduced for biological control of emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), in the united states. results from our study showed that offspring production and critical fitness paramete ...201222812114
motivation for compliance with environmental regulations related to forest health.this study extends previous research on motivations for compliance with environmental regulations. it addresses contexts where regulatees have primarily sporadic short term interests, where costs of compliance are modest, and where costs of non-compliance are low. the behavior studied is the movement of firewood for camping, a principal cause for the spread of the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis), one of several invasive species plaguing the eastern united states. based on a three-wave ma ...201222890000
nutritional attributes of ash (fraxinus spp.) outer bark and phloem and their relationships to resistance against the emerald ash borer.the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis fairmaire, eab) is an alien, invasive wood-boring insect that is responsible for killing millions of ash trees since its discovery in north america in 2002. all north american ash species (fraxinus spp.) that eab has encountered have shown various degrees of susceptibility, while manchurian ash (fraxinus mandshurica ruprecht), which shares a co-evolutionary history with this insect, is resistant. recent studies have looked into constitutive resistance m ...201223143945
six new species of agrilus curtis, 1825 (coleoptera, buprestidae, agrilinae) from the oriental region related to the emerald ash borer, a. planipennis fairmaire, 1888 and synonymy of sarawakita obenberger, 1924.six new species of agrilus curtis, 1825 with affinities to the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, 1888, are described from the oriental region: agrilus crepuscularissp. n. (malaysia); agrilus pseudolubopetrisp. n. (laos); agrilus sapphirinussp. n.(laos); agrilus seramensissp. n.(indonesia); agrilus spineussp. n. (malaysia); and agrilus tomentipennissp. n. (laos). the genus sarawakita obenberger, 1924 syn. nov. is considered a junior synonym of agrilus.201223226712
the relationship between trees and human health: evidence from the spread of the emerald ash borer.several recent studies have identified a relationship between the natural environment and improved health outcomes. however, for practical reasons, most have been observational, cross-sectional studies.201323332329
towards the development of an autocontamination trap system to manage populations of emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae) with the native entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana.emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae) is an invasive species from asia that was discovered in north america canada, in 2002. herein, we describe studies to develop an autocontamination trapping system to disseminate beauveria bassiana to control beetle populations. the standard trap for emerald ash borer in canada is a light green prism trap covered in an insect adhesive and baited with (z)-3-hexenol. we compared of green multifunnel traps, green intercept pa ...201223356056
identification of odor-processing genes in the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis.insects rely on olfaction to locate food, mates, and suitable oviposition sites for successful completion of their life cycle. agrilus planipennis fairmaire (emerald ash borer) is a serious invasive insect pest that has killed tens of millions of north american ash (fraxinus spp) trees and threatens the very existence of the genus fraxinus. adult a. planipennis are attracted to host volatiles and conspecifics; however, to date no molecular knowledge exists on olfaction in a. planipennis. hence, ...201323424668
glutathione-s-transferase profiles in the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis.the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire is a recently discovered invasive insect pest of ash, fraxinus spp. in north america. glutathione-s-transferases (gst) are a multifunctional superfamily of enzymes which function in conjugating toxic compounds to less toxic and excretable forms. in this study, we report the molecular characterization and expression patterns of different classes of gst genes in different tissues and developmental stages plus their specific activity. multiple se ...201323499941
water conservation features of ova of agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae).the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, has destroyed millions of ash trees (fraxinus spp.) in north america since first identified in detroit in 2002. with species of ash distributed throughout north america, it is easy to speculate the extinction of all susceptible species of ash on the continent given a lack of physical, environmental, or climactic barrier for dispersal of the insect. we investigated water balance characteristics of emerald ash borer ova by using gravimetric met ...201323575027
modeling agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) within-tree colonization patterns and development of a subsampling technique.emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, an insect native to central asia, was first detected in southeast michigan in 2002, and has since killed millions of ash trees (fraxinus spp.) in north america. the objectives of this study were to 1) determine an optimal sampling location on girdled ash trap trees for detection of a. planipennis larvae based on measurements of tree characteristics, and 2) develop a whole-tree estimation method for extrapolating larval densities from subsampled h ...201323726062
effects of introduced insects and diseases on forest ecosystems in the catskill mountains of new york.repeated invasions of non-native insects and pathogens have altered the structure and function of forest ecosystems in the catskill mountains of new york state, and will continue to do so in the future. gypsy moth, beech bark disease, and hemlock woolly adelgid are among the insects and diseases currently established in the catskills that are having significant effects on forests. many others, including emerald ash borer, asian long-horned beetle, phytophthora ramorum, and sirex wood wasp, are e ...201323844706
establishment and abundance of tetrastichus planipennisi (hymenoptera: eulophidae) in michigan: potential for success in classical biocontrol of the invasive emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae).tetrastichus planipennisi yang is a gregarious larval endoparasitoid native to china and has been introduced to the united states since 2007 for classical biological control of the invasive emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, an exotic beetle responsible for widespread ash mortality. between 2007-2010, t. planipennisi adults (3,311-4,597 females and approximately 1,500 males per site) were released into each of six forest sites in three counties (ingham, gratiot, and shiawassee) of ...201323865178
emerald ash borer invasion of north america: history, biology, ecology, impacts, and management.since its accidental introduction from asia, emerald ash borer (eab), agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), has killed millions of ash trees in north america. as it continues to spread, it could functionally extirpate ash with devastating economic and ecological impacts. little was known about eab when it was first discovered in north america in 2002, but substantial advances in understanding of eab biology, ecology, and management have occurred since. ash species indigenous t ...201424112110
effects of water availability on emerald ash borer larval performance and phloem phenolics of manchurian and black ash.the invasive emerald ash borer (eab) beetle is a significant threat to the survival of north american ash. in previous work, we identified putative biochemical and molecular markers of constitutive eab resistance in manchurian ash, an asian species co-evolved with eab. here, we employed high-throughput high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and mass spectrometry (hplc-pda-ms) to characterize the induced response of soluble phloem phenolics to eab attack in resista ...201424125060
effects of ambient temperature on egg and larval development of the invasive emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae): implications for laboratory rearing.the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire, an invasive beetle from asia causing large scale ash (fraxinus) mortality in north america, has been extremely difficult to rear in the laboratory because of its long life cycle and cryptic nature of immature stages. this lack of effective laboratory-rearing methods has not only hindered research into its biology and ecology, but also mass production of natural enemies for biological control of this invasive pest. using sticks from the altern ...201324224252
effects of host plant and larval density on intraspecific competition in larvae of the emerald ash borer (coleoptera: buprestidae).competition for food, mates, and space among different individuals of the same insect species can affect density-dependent regulation of insect abundance or population dynamics. the emerald ash borer, agrilus planipennis fairmaire (coleoptera: buprestidae), is a serious invasive pest of north american ash (fraxinus spp.) trees, with its larvae feeding in serpentine galleries between the interface of sapwood and phloem tissues of ash trees. using artificial infestation of freshly cut logs of gree ...201324280666
a comparison of girdled ash detection trees and baited artificial traps for agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) detection.detection of newly established populations of agrilus planipennis fairmaire, the most destructive forest insect to invade the united states, remains challenging. regulatory agencies currently rely on artificial traps, consisting of baited three-sided panels suspended in the canopy of ash (fraxinus spp.) trees. detection trees represent another survey option. ash trees are girdled in spring to attract ovipositing a. planipennis females then debarked in fall to assess larval presence and density. ...201324331612
quantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis).the emerald ash borer (eab), agrilus planipennis, is an invasive beetle that has killed millions of ash trees (fraxinus spp.) since it was accidentally introduced to north america in the 1990s. understanding how predators such as woodpeckers (picidae) affect the population dynamics of eab should enable us to more effectively manage the spread of this beetle, and toward this end we combined two experimental approaches to elucidate the relative importance of woodpecker predation on eab populations ...201324349520
comparison of trap types and colors for capturing emerald ash borer adults at different population densities.results of numerous trials to evaluate artificial trap designs and lures for detection of agrilus planipennis fairmaire, the emerald ash borer, have yielded inconsistent results, possibly because of different a. planipennis population densities in the field sites. in 2010 and 2011, we compared 1) green canopy traps, 2) purple canopy traps, 3) green double-decker traps, and 4) purple double-decker traps in sites representing a range of a. planipennis infestation levels. traps were baited with cis ...201424398125
agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and plant regeneration of the hardwood tree species fraxinus profunda.this transformation and regeneration protocol provides an integral framework for the genetic improvement of fraxinus profunda (pumpkin ash) for future development of plants resistant to the emerald ash borer. using mature hypocotyls as the initial explants, an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation system was successfully developed for pumpkin ash (fraxinus profunda). this transformation protocol is an invaluable tool to combat the highly aggressive, non-native emerald ash bor ...201424493252
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