Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| fixation of oligosaccharides to a surface may increase the susceptibility to human parainfluenza virus 1, 2, or 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase. | the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein of human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) both binds (h) and cleaves (n) oligosaccharides that contain n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac). h is thought to correspond to receptor binding and n to receptor-destroying activity. at present, n's role in infection remains unclear: does it destroy only receptors, or are there other targets? we previously demonstrated that hpiv1 and 3 hns bind to oligosaccharides containing the motif neu5acα2-3galβ1-4glcnac (m. am ... | 2011 | 21917945 |
| treatment of parainfluenza 3 infection with das181 in a patient after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | parainfluenza virus (piv) can cause significant morbidity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (sct). we report the first use of inhaled das181 for piv in an allogeneic sct recipient. symptoms, oxygenation, and pulmonary function tests improved. nasopharyngeal samples showed a reduction in viral load. das181 should be systematically evaluated for severe piv infection. | 2011 | 21880586 |
| progress in the development of human parainfluenza virus vaccines. | in children under 5 years of age, human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) as a group are the second most common etiology of acute respiratory illness leading to hospitalization, surpassed only by respiratory syncytial virus but ahead of influenza viruses. using reverse genetics systems for hpiv serotypes 1, 2 and 3 (hpiv1, 2 and 3), several live-attenuated hpivs have been generated and evaluated as intranasal vaccines in adults and in children. two vaccines against hpiv3 were found to be well tolera ... | 2011 | 21859271 |
| a sialylated glycan microarray reveals novel interactions of modified sialic acids with proteins and viruses. | many glycan-binding proteins in animals and pathogens recognize sialic acid or its modified forms, but their molecular recognition is poorly understood. here we describe studies on sialic acid recognition using a novel sialylated glycan microarray containing modified sialic acids presented on different glycan backbones. glycans terminating in beta-linked galactose at the non-reducing end and with an alkylamine-containing fluorophore at the reducing end were sialylated by a one-pot-three-enzyme s ... | 2011 | 21757734 |
| illumination of parainfluenza virus infection and transmission in living animals reveals a tissue-specific dichotomy. | the parainfluenza viruses (pivs) are highly contagious respiratory paramyxoviruses and a leading cause of lower respiratory tract (lrt) disease. since no vaccines or antivirals exist, non-pharmaceutical interventions are the only means of control for these pathogens. here we used bioluminescence imaging to visualize the spatial and temporal progression of murine piv1 (sendai virus) infection in living mice after intranasal inoculation or exposure by contact. a non-attenuated luciferase reporter ... | 2011 | 21750677 |
| host epithelial-viral interactions as cause and cure for asthma. | research on the pathogenesis of asthma has concentrated on initial stimuli, genetic susceptibilities, adaptive immune responses, and end-organ alterations (particularly in airway mucous cells and smooth muscle) as critical steps leading to disease. recent evidence indicates that the innate immune cell response to respiratory viruses also contributes to the development of inflammatory airway disease. we further develop this concept by raising the issue that the interaction between host airway epi ... | 2011 | 21703838 |
| clonally related cd8ôü¦ t cells responsible for rapid population of both diffuse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and lung after respiratory virus infection. | the immune system has evolved to use sophisticated mechanisms to recruit lymphocytes to sites of pathogen exposure. trafficking pathways are precise. for example, lymphocytes that are primed by gut pathogens can, in some cases, be imprinted with ccr9 membrane receptors, which can influence migration to the small intestine. currently, little is known about t cell trafficking to the upper respiratory tract or the relationship between effectors that migrate to the diffuse nasal-associated lymphoid ... | 2011 | 21690324 |
| negative regulation of interferon-+¦ gene expression during acute and persistent virus infections. | the production of type i interferons (ifns) in response to viral infections is critical for antiviral immunity. however, ifn production is transient, and continued expression can lead to inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying the negative regulation of ifn expression could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of these diseases. we report that the transcription factor irf3 plays a central role in the negative regulati ... | 2011 | 21677781 |
| distinctive and critical roles for cellular immunity and immune-inflammatory response in the immunopathology of sendai virus infection in mice. | respiratory viral infections result in severe pulmonary injury, to which host immune response may be a significant contributor. at present, it is not entirely clear the extent to which lung injury is a necessary consequence of host defense. in this report, we use functional genomics approach to characterize the key roles of cellular immunity and immune-inflammatory response in the immunopathology of sendai virus infection in resistant c57bl/6j and susceptible dba/2j mice. infected mice manifeste ... | 2011 | 21530676 |
| rhabdomyolysis in an adolescent associated with parainfluenza type 1 virus. | 2011 | 21490495 | |
| nosocomial transmission of parainfluenza 3 virus in hematological patients characterized by molecular epidemiology. | a.v. lee, d.f. bibby, h. oakervee, a. rohatiner, i. ushiro-lumb, d.a. clark, f.m. mattes. nosocomial transmission of parainfluenza 3 virus in hematological patients characterized by molecular epidemiology. transpl infect dis 2011: 13: 433-437. all rights reserved abstract: we report an outbreak of parainfluenza 3 virus involving 17 hematology-oncology patients on 2 hospital wards. sequence analysis of clinical samples confirmed homology of strains for 16/17 patients and 1 healthcare worker. epid ... | 2011 | 21466639 |
| immunoadjuvant effects of hemagglutinating virus of japan envelope (hvj-e) on the inactivated h9 subtype avian influenza virus vaccine. | avian influenza viruses (aiv) of the h9 subtype cause serious health problems in chickens, resulting in great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. the killed vaccine (kv) against h9 subtype aiv has been widely used in china since 1998 but has been linked with side effects in chickens and only partial protection. a few studies have demonstrated the immunostimulatory effects of the hemagglutinating virus of japan envelope (hvj-e) in cancer therapy. in this study, the adjuvant efficac ... | 2011 | 21444118 |
| cough reflex sensitivity is increased in guinea pigs with parainfluenza virus infection. | the purpose of this study was to investigate for the change in cough reflex sensitivity (crs) caused by parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) infection. guinea pigs were randomized into a vehicle control, an asthma control, or 1 of 4 piv3-inoculated groups (referred to as postinfection day [pid] 6, 12, 28, and 42 groups). evidence of viral protein and nucleic acid within the lung confirmed successful piv3 infection. plethysmography was used to assess crs and airway reaction and airway inflammation w ... | 2011 | 21417816 |
| validation of statistical models for estimating hospitalization associated with influenza and other respiratory viruses. | reliable estimates of disease burden associated with respiratory viruses are keys to deployment of preventive strategies such as vaccination and resource allocation. such estimates are particularly needed in tropical and subtropical regions where some methods commonly used in temperate regions are not applicable. while a number of alternative approaches to assess the influenza associated disease burden have been recently reported, none of these models have been validated with virologically confi ... | 2011 | 21412433 |
| myocarditis caused by human parainfluenza virus in an immunocompetent child initially associated with 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus. | the association between respiratory viruses and myocarditis has hardly ever been described. we report a case of acute myocarditis in an immunocompetent child associated with the presence of parainfluenza virus type 3 infection, in a context of recent influenza illness, confirmed by molecular and serological studies. | 2011 | 21411596 |
| effect of lactobacillus pentosus s-pt84 ingestion on ifn-a production from plasmacytoid dendritic cells by virus stimulation. | we investigated the effect of ingesting lactobacillus pentosus s-pt84 on the interferon-a (ifn-a) production from splenocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells by virus stimulation. ifn-a production by the lactobacillus pentosus s-pt84 ingestion group was significantly greater under the virus-infected condition than that by the control group. lactobacillus pentosus s-pt84 could enhance the production of ifn-a which is known as an important cytokine for preventing virus infection. it may therefore ... | 2011 | 21307585 |
| phenotypes and functions of persistent sendai virus-induced antibody forming cells and cd8+ t cells in diffuse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue typify lymphocyte responses of the gut. | lymphocytes of the diffuse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (d-nalt) are uniquely positioned to tackle respiratory pathogens at their point-of-entry, yet are rarely examined after intranasal (i.n.) vaccinations or infections. here we evaluate an i.n. inoculation with sendai virus (sev) for elicitation of virus-specific antibody forming cells (afcs) and cd8(+) t cells in the d-nalt. virus-specific afcs and cd8(+) t cells each appeared by day 7 after sev inoculation and persisted for 8 months, exp ... | 2011 | 21227475 |
| a functional c-terminal traf3-binding site in mavs participates in positive and negative regulation of the ifn antiviral response. | recognition of viral rna structures by the cytosolic sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene-i (rig-i) results in the activation of signaling cascades that culminate with the generation of the type i interferon (ifn) antiviral response. onset of antiviral and inflammatory responses to viral pathogens necessitates the regulated spatiotemporal recruitment of signaling adapters, kinases and transcriptional proteins to the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs). we previously demonstrated that ... | 2011 | 21200404 |
| activation of human macrophages by bacterial components relieves the restriction on replication of an interferon-inducing parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5) p/v mutant. | macrophages regulate immune responses during many viral infections, and can be a major determinant of pathogenesis, virus replication and immune response to infection. here, we have addressed the question of the outcome of infection of primary human macrophages with parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5) and a piv5 mutant (p/v-cpi-) that is unable to counteract interferon (ifn) responses. in cultures of naïve monocyte-derived macrophages (mdms), wt piv5 established a highly productive infection, whereas t ... | 2010 | 21185944 |
| fas-associated death domain (fadd) and the e3 ubiquitin-protein ligase trim21 interact to negatively regulate virus-induced interferon production. | the production of cytokines such as type i interferon (ifn) is an essential component of innate immunity. insufficient amounts of cytokines lead to host sensitivity to infection, whereas abundant cytokine production can lead to inflammation. a tight regulation of cytokine production is, thus, essential for homeostasis of the immune system. ifn-α production during rna virus infection is mediated by the master transcription factor irf7, which is activated upon ubiquitination by traf6 and phosphory ... | 2010 | 21183682 |
| morbidity of parainfluenza 3 outbreak in preterm infants in a neonatal unit. | parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv-3) is an important nosocomial pathogen which causes pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants. we report an outbreak of piv-3 respiratory infection which occurred in the neonatal unit of kk hospital in june 2005. this is the second piv-3 outbreak in our unit after the fi rst in december 1994. | 2010 | 21165523 |
| glycogen synthase kinase 3β regulates irf3 transcription factor-mediated antiviral response via activation of the kinase tbk1. | viral infection activates transcription factors irf3 and nf-κb, which collaborate to induce type i interferons (ifns). here, we identified glycogen synthase kinase 3β (gsk3β) as an important regulator for virus-triggered irf3 and nf-κb activation, ifn-β induction, and cellular antiviral response. overexpression of gsk3β potentiated virus-induced activation of irf3 and transcription of the ifnb1 gene, whereas reduced expression or deletion of gsk3β impaired virus-induced irf3 and nf-κb activation ... | 2010 | 21145761 |
| development of atopy by severe paramyxoviral infection in a mouse model. | atopic diseases have been increasing in prevalence, yet the initial inciting events that lead to atopy are not understood. paramyxoviral infections have been suggested to play a role; however, much of these data are correlative. | 2010 | 21130381 |
| study of the kinetics of antibodies titres against viral pathogens and detection of rotavirus and parainfluenza 3 infections in captive crias of guanacos (lama guanicoe). | a longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the presence of antibodies (ab) to rotavirus (rv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv-1) and bluetongue virus (btv) in eleven guanaco's crias (chulengos) relocated from rio negro to buenos aires province (argentina) and reared in captivity for a year in an experimental field. serum samples were collected periodically to detect the evidence of viral infections. faecal samples were collec ... | 2010 | 21062425 |
| severe pneumonia caused by combined infection with pneumocystis jiroveci, parainfluenza virus type 3, cytomegalovirus, and aspergillus fumigatus in a patient with stevens-johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. | stevens-johnson syndrome (sjs) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten) are severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. we report here the first case of severe pneumonia caused by an unusual combined infection with pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci), parainfluenza virus type 3, cytomegalovirus and aspergillus fumigatus in a 63-year-old female patient with allopurinol-induced sjs/ten overlap syndrome. following treatment with high-dose systemic corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin for sjs/ten ... | 2010 | 21057748 |
| bovine parainfluenza-3 virus. | bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (bpi(3)v) is a long-recognized, currently underappreciated, endemic infection in cattle populations. clinical disease is most common in calves with poor passive transfer or decayed maternal antibodies. it is usually mild, consisting of fever, nasal discharge, and dry cough. caused at least partly by local immunosuppressive effects, bpi(3)v infection is often complicated by coinfection with other respiratory viruses and bacteria, and is therefore an important componen ... | 2010 | 21056802 |
| influenza and parainfluenza associated pediatric icu morbidity. | to investigate if morbidity in young children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (picu with a laboratory proven diagnosis of influenza and parainfluenza infection) had increased. | 2010 | 20882437 |
| identification of simian agent 10 as human parainfluenza virus type 3 suggests transmission of a human virus to an african monkey. | 2010 | 20881043 | |
| cutting edge: cd49d+ neutrophils induce fcepsilonri expression on lung dendritic cells in a mouse model of postviral asthma. | the increasing prevalence of atopy and asthma remains unexplained but may be due to infection with respiratory viruses. in support of this hypothesis, we showed that experimental asthma after viral infection in mice depended on type i ifn-driven upregulation of fcεri on conventional dendritic cells (cdcs) in the lung. in this article, we demonstrate that fcεri expression on lung cdcs depends on an unexpected activity of a cd49d(+) subset of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) that are found in ... | 2010 | 20876348 |
| immunohistochemical assessment of respiratory viruses in necropsy samples from lethal non-pandemic seasonal respiratory infections. | acute respiratory infections are an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality throughout the world, and viruses have often been reported to be an aetiological agent. this study aimed to identify respiratory viruses in paraffin-embedded samples of paediatric lung necropsy specimens, using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray slides. | 2010 | 20876328 |
| bradykinin-induced lung inflammation and bronchoconstriction: role in parainfluenze-3 virus-induced inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. | inhaled bradykinin causes bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects but not nonasthmatics. to date, animal studies with inhaled bradykinin have been performed only in anesthetized guinea pigs and rats, where it causes bronchoconstriction through sensory nerve pathways. in the present study, airway function was recorded in conscious guinea pigs by whole-body plethysmography. inhaled bradykinin (1 mm, 20 s) caused bronchoconstriction and influx of inflammatory cells to the lungs, but only when the ... | 2010 | 20847038 |
| quantitation of acute phase proteins and protein electrophoresis in monitoring the acute inflammatory process in experimentally and naturally infected mice. | serologic screening for infectious disease in sentinel mice from rodent colonies is expensive and labor-intensive, often involving multiple assays for several different infectious agents. previously, we established normal reference ranges for the protein fractions of several laboratory strains of mice by using a commercially available agarose system of protein electrophoresis. in the current study, we address protein fractionation and quantitation of acute phase proteins (app) in mice experiment ... | 2010 | 20819375 |
| rats susceptible to virus-induced asthma have a persistent virus-induced change in the predominant pulmonary form of the nf-κb inhibitor iκbα. | weanling brown norway (bn) rats are susceptible to persistent steroid-responsive pulmonary abnormalities following resolution of an acute respiratory virus infection. in contrast, fischer 344 (f344) rats recover without complications. previous studies determined that nf-κb activation and subunit composition were markedly different between these 2 rat strains. this study examined whether viral infection also resulted in altered pulmonary expression of iκbα and iκbβ, 2 inhibitory regulators of nf- ... | 2010 | 20817891 |
| cytopathogenesis of sendai virus in well-differentiated primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cells. | sendai virus (sev) is a murine respiratory virus of considerable interest as a gene therapy or vaccine vector, as it is considered nonpathogenic in humans. however, little is known about its interaction with the human respiratory tract. to address this, we developed a model of respiratory virus infection based on well-differentiated primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cells (wd-pbecs). these physiologically authentic cultures are comprised of polarized pseudostratified multilayered epithelium ... | 2010 | 20810726 |
| nonmalignant clonal expansions of memory cd8+ t cells that arise with age vary in their capacity to mount recall responses to infection. | immune responsiveness declines with age in part due to the development of cd8(+) t cell clonal expansions (tces) that can dominate the peripheral t cell pool. although some tces arise due to persistent ag stimulation from chronic infections, others arise in the apparent absence of chronic infection. we have recently shown that this latter class of tces can arise over time from the memory cd8(+) t cell pool established by an acute viral infection. unlike tces driven by chronic infections, these a ... | 2010 | 20720204 |
| robust iga and igg-producing antibody forming cells in the diffuse-nalt and lungs of sendai virus-vaccinated cotton rats associate with rapid protection against human parainfluenza virus-type 1. | sendai virus (sev), a natural mouse pathogen, shows considerable promise as a candidate vaccine for human parainfluenza virus-type 1 (hpiv-1), and also as a vaccine vector for other serious pathogens of infants including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in an effort to define correlates of immunity, we examined the virus-specific serum antibody of cotton rats inoculated intranasally (i.n.) with sev. virus-specific antibody forming cells (afcs) were also measured in the bone marrow, because the ... | 2010 | 20682364 |
| tom70 imports antiviral immunity to the mitochondria. | 2010 | 20680033 | |
| type i interferons regulate cytolytic activity of memory cd8(+) t cells in the lung airways during respiratory virus challenge. | memory cd8(+) t cells in the lung airways provide protection from secondary respiratory virus challenge by limiting early viral replication. here, we demonstrate that although airway-resident memory cd8(+) t cells were poorly cytolytic, memory cd8(+) t cells recruited to the airways early during a recall response showed markedly enhanced cytolytic ability. this enhanced lytic activity did not require cognate antigen stimulation, but rather was dependent on stat1 transcription factor signaling th ... | 2010 | 20637658 |
| identification of adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus by two kinds of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and a shell vial culture in pediatric patients with viral pneumonia. | early identification of causative agents in lower respiratory infection of pediatric patients can reduce morbidity and prevent an overuse of antimicrobials. two kinds of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and a commercial shell vial viral culture were performed to identify causative agents in pediatric patients. | 2010 | 20635453 |
| kawasaki disease associated with parainfluenza type 3 virus infection. | kawasaki disease (kd) is an acute, febrile and multisystem vasculitis of early childhood with a striking predilection for the coronary arteries. in developed countries, the incidence of kd has replaced acute rheumatic fever as the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. the etiologic agent of kd remains unknown, although clinical and epidemiologic features strongly indicate an infectious cause. parainfluenza viruses are the major cause of laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), but they a ... | 2010 | 20624363 |
| virologically confirmed population-based burden of hospitalization caused by respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses in children in hong kong. | to determine virologically confirmed hospitalization rates associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses in hong kong children. | 2010 | 20622713 |
| subcutaneous, but not intratracheal administration of the tlr9 agonist, cpg dna transiently reduces parainfluenza-3 virus shedding in newborn lambs. | synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) containing cpg motifs signal through tlr9 and activate innate immunity resulting in protection against a variety of parasitic, bacterial and viral pathogens in mouse models. however, few studies have demonstrated protection in humans and large animals. in the present investigations, we evaluated protection by cpg odn in a parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus infection in neonatal lambs. subcutaneous (sc) injection of cpg odn induced high levels of 2'5'-a synthetase ... | 2010 | 20619456 |
| azithromycin attenuates airway inflammation in a mouse model of viral bronchiolitis. | viral bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in young infants. it is associated with the development of childhood asthma and contributes to morbidity and mortality in the elderly. currently no therapies effectively attenuate inflammation during the acute viral infection, or prevent the risk of post-viral asthma. we hypothesized that early treatment of a paramyxoviral bronchiolitis with azithromycin would attenuate acute and chronic airway inflammation. | 2010 | 20591166 |
| requirement of nox2 and reactive oxygen species for efficient rig-i-mediated antiviral response through regulation of mavs expression. | the innate immune response is essential to the host defense against viruses, through restriction of virus replication and coordination of the adaptive immune response. induction of antiviral genes is a tightly regulated process initiated mainly through sensing of invading virus nucleic acids in the cytoplasm by rig-i like helicases, rig-i or mda5, which transmit the signal through a common mitochondria-associated adaptor, mavs. although major breakthroughs have recently been made, much remains u ... | 2010 | 20532218 |
| conserved charged amino acids within sendai virus c protein play multiple roles in the evasion of innate immune responses. | one of the accessory proteins of sendai virus (sev), c, translated from an alternate reading frame of p/v mrna has been shown to function at multiple stages of infection in cell cultures as well as in mice. c protein has been reported to counteract signal transduction by interferon (ifn), inhibit apoptosis induced by the infection, enhance the efficiency of budding of viral particles, and regulate the polarity of viral genome-length rna synthesis to maximize production of infectious particles. i ... | 2010 | 20502666 |
| antiviral instruction of bone marrow leukocytes during respiratory viral infections. | respiratory viral infections trigger a robust inflammatory response in the lung, producing cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that promote infiltration of effector leukocytes. whereas the role of chemokines and infiltrating leukocytes in antiviral immunity is well studied, the effect that lung cytokines have on leukocytes in distal hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues and their role in antiviral immunity is unknown. we show that, during infection with influenza or sendai virus, the lung com ... | 2010 | 20478536 |
| immunogenicity of a modified-live virus vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus when administered intranasally in young calves. | the immunogenicity of an intranasally-administered modified-live virus (mlv) vaccine in 3-8 day old calves was evaluated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). calves were intranasally vaccinated with a single dose of a multivalent mlv vaccine and were challenged with one of the respective viruses three to four weeks post-vaccination in five separate studi ... | 2010 | 20381643 |
| peripheral cd103+ dendritic cells form a unified subset developmentally related to cd8alpha+ conventional dendritic cells. | although cd103-expressing dendritic cells (dcs) are widely present in nonlymphoid tissues, the transcription factors controlling their development and their relationship to other dc subsets remain unclear. mice lacking the transcription factor batf3 have a defect in the development of cd8alpha+ conventional dcs (cdcs) within lymphoid tissues. we demonstrate that batf3(-/-) mice also lack cd103+cd11b- dcs in the lung, intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns), dermis, and skin-draining lymph nodes ... | 2010 | 20351058 |
| respiratory virus pneumonia after hematopoietic cell transplantation (hct): associations between viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage samples, viral rna detection in serum samples, and clinical outcomes of hct. | few data exist on respiratory virus quantitation in lower respiratory samples and detection in serum from hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients with respiratory virus-associated pneumonia. | 2010 | 20350162 |
| local production of inflammatory mediators during childhood parainfluenza virus infection. | to describe the clinical manifestations of parainfluenza virus (piv) infection and to characterize biochemical markers of piv disease severity. | 2010 | 20182399 |
| optineurin negatively regulates the induction of ifnbeta in response to rna virus infection. | the innate immune response provides a critical defense against microbial infections, including viruses. these are recognised by pattern recognition receptors including toll-like receptors (tlrs) and rig-i like helicases (rlhs). detection of virus triggers signalling cascades that induce transcription of type i interferons including ifnbeta, which are pivotal for the initiation of an anti-viral state. despite the essential role of ifnbeta in the anti-viral response, there is an incomplete underst ... | 2010 | 20174559 |
| quantitative proteomics reveals subset-specific viral recognition in dendritic cells. | dendritic cell (dc) populations consist of multiple subsets that are essential orchestrators of the immune system. technological limitations have so far prevented systems-wide accurate proteome comparison of rare cell populations in vivo. here, we used high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics, combined with label-free quantitation algorithms, to determine the proteome of mouse splenic conventional and plasmacytoid dc subsets to a depth of 5,780 and 6,664 proteins, respectively. we foun ... | 2010 | 20171123 |
| melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) is involved in the innate immune response to paramyxoviridae infection in vivo. | the early host response to pathogens is mediated by several distinct pattern recognition receptors. cytoplasmic rna helicases including rig-i and mda5 have been shown to respond to viral rna by inducing interferon (ifn) production. previous in vitro studies have demonstrated a direct role for mda5 in the response to members of the picornaviridae, flaviviridae and caliciviridae virus families ((+) ssrna viruses) but not to paramyxoviridae or orthomyxoviridae ((-) ssrna viruses). contrary to these ... | 2010 | 20107606 |
| neuraminidase-deficient sendai virus hn mutants provide protection from homologous superinfection. | binding of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins (hn) to sialylated receptors initiates the infection process of several paramyxoviruses, whereas later in the viral life cycle, the neuramindase (na) activity of newly synthesized hn destroys all receptors. prior to na action, expressed hn has to bind the receptor. to evaluate this hn-receptor complex with respect to receptor inactivation, three temperature-sensitive sendai virus hn mutants carrying amino acid exchanges at positions 262, 264 and/or ... | 2010 | 20024589 |
| [human parainfluenza virus infections in children with acute respiratory infections in guangzhou area in 2007]. | 2009 | 19957640 | |
| piv5 m protein interaction with host protein angiomotin-like 1. | paramyxovirus matrix (m) proteins organize virus assembly, functioning as adapters that link together viral ribonucleoprotein complexes and viral glycoproteins at infected cell plasma membranes. m proteins may also function to recruit and manipulate host factors to assist virus budding, similar to retroviral gag proteins. by yeast two-hybrid screening, angiomotin-like 1 (amotl1) was identified as a host factor that interacts with the m protein of parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5). amotl1-m protein in ... | 2010 | 19932912 |
| efficacy of the novel parainfluenza virus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitor bcx 2798 in mice - further evaluation. | human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv-1) causes serious respiratory tract infections, especially in children. this study investigated the efficacy of the novel haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) inhibitor bcx 2798 in the prophylaxis of lethal and the treatment of non-lethal parainfluenza virus infection in mice. | 2009 | 19918093 |
| residues in the heptad repeat a region of the fusion protein modulate the virulence of sendai virus in mice. | while the molecular basis of fusion (f) protein refolding during membrane fusion has been studied extensively in vitro, little is known about the biological significance of membrane fusion activity in parainfluenza virus replication and pathogenesis in vivo. two recombinant sendai viruses, f-l179v and f-k180q, were generated that contain f protein mutations in the heptad repeat a region of the ectodomain, a region of the protein known to regulate f protein activation. in vitro, the f-l179v virus ... | 2010 | 19906935 |
| complete genome sequence and pathogenicity of two swine parainfluenzavirus 3 isolates from pigs in the united states. | two novel paramyxoviruses, 81-19252 (texas81) and 92-7783 (isu92), isolated from the brains of pigs in the united states in the 1980s and 1990s, were characterized. the complete genome of texas81 virus was 15,456 nucleotides (nt) in length, that of isu92 was 15,480 nt, and both genomes consisted of six nonoverlapping genes, predicted to encode nine proteins, with conserved and complementary 3' leader and 5' trailer regions and conserved gene starts, gene stops, and trinucleotide intergenic seque ... | 2010 | 19906928 |
| reassessing conflicting evolutionary histories of the paramyxoviridae and the origins of respiroviruses with bayesian multigene phylogenies. | the evolution of paramyxoviruses is still poorly understood since past phylogenetic studies have revealed conflicting evolutionary signals among genes, and used varying methods and datasets. using bayesian phylogenetic analysis of full length single and concatenated sequences for the 6 genes shared among paramyxovirus genera, we reassess the ambiguous evolutionary relationships within the family, and examine causes of varying phylogenetic signals among different genes. relative to a pneumovirus ... | 2010 | 19900582 |
| utilization of nucleic acid amplification assays for the detection of respiratory viruses. | viruses are major contributors to morbidity and mortality from acute respiratory infections in all age groups worldwide. accurate identification of the etiologic agent of respiratory tract infections is important for proper patient management. diagnosis can be problematic, because a range of potential pathogens can cause similar clinical symptoms. nucleic acid amplification testing is emerging as the preferred method of diagnostic testing. real-time technology and the ability to perform multiple ... | 2009 | 19892227 |
| incidence, molecular epidemiology and clinical presentations of human metapneumovirus; assessment of its importance as a diagnostic screening target. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered human paramyxovirus associated with a spectrum of respiratory symptoms from the common cold to pneumonia and bronchiolitis. | 2009 | 19819755 |
| differential regulation of type i interferon and epidermal growth factor pathways by a human respirovirus virulence factor. | a number of paramyxoviruses are responsible for acute respiratory infections in children, elderly and immuno-compromised individuals, resulting in airway inflammation and exacerbation of chronic diseases like asthma. to understand the molecular pathogenesis of these infections, we searched for cellular targets of the virulence protein c of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3-c). we found that hpiv3-c interacts directly through its c-terminal domain with stat1 and grb2, whereas c proteins fro ... | 2009 | 19806178 |
| control of an outbreak of human parainfluenza virus 3 in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) infection can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). there are no standard guidelines for the prevention and control of hpiv3 in the outpatient setting. after 2 hsct inpatients diagnosed with hpiv3 were noted to have had multiple recent hsct outpatient clinic (opc) visits, an investigation of policy and procedures in the hsct opc was undertaken, and active surveillance for respiratory vi ... | 2010 | 19781656 |
| engineering of a parainfluenza virus type 5 fusion protein (piv-5 f): development of an autonomous and hyperfusogenic protein by a combinational mutagenesis approach. | the entry of enveloped viruses into host cells is accomplished by fusion of the viral envelope with the target cell membrane. for the paramyxovirus parainfluenza virus type 5 (piv-5), this fusion involves an attachment protein (hn) and a class i viral fusion protein (f). we investigated the effect of 20 different combinations of 12 amino-acid substitutions within functional domains of the piv-5 f glycoprotein, by performing cell surface expression measurements, quantitative fusion and syncytia a ... | 2009 | 19770012 |
| cxcr3 directs antigen-specific effector cd4+ t cell migration to the lung during parainfluenza virus infection. | effector t cells are a crucial component of the adaptive immune response to respiratory virus infections. although it was previously reported that the chemokine receptors ccr5 and cxcr3 affect trafficking of respiratory virus-specific cd8+ t cells, it is unclear whether these receptors govern effector cd4+ t cell migration to the lungs. to assess the role of ccr5 and cxcr3 in vivo, we directly compared the migration of ag-specific wild-type and chemokine receptor-deficient effector t cells in mi ... | 2009 | 19734208 |
| multigenic control of resistance to sendai virus infection in mice. | experimental infection of mice with sendai virus (sev) is frequently used as a model of viral pathogenesis of human respiratory disease. to understand the differences in host response to sev among mice strains, we carried out genetic mapping studies in dba/2 (d2) (susceptible) and c57bl/6 (b6) (resistant) mice. f(1), f(2), and n(2) backcrossed mice were generated and examined for their disease resistance and susceptibility. for the determination of virulence, percentage body weight loss and surv ... | 2009 | 19733691 |
| respiratory infection of camels associated with parainfluenza virus 3 in sudan. | this study was undertaken to investigate the role of parainfluenza virus 3 (piv3) in respiratory infection of camels. a total of 273 lung specimens from camels with pneumonia lesions were collected from slaughterhouses in four different areas of sudan. in addition, eight specimens were collected from outbreaks of respiratory infection in camels. using antigen detection sandwich elisa kits, six out of the 281 specimens tested were positive for the piv3 antigen (2.1%); the highest prevalence was n ... | 2010 | 19733593 |
| rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, and compartment syndrome in a child with parainfluenza type 1 infection. | we present a case of para-influenza type 1 induced rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, and extensive compartment syndrome in a 6-year-old previously well child. fasciotomies and subsequent skin grafting of both lower extremities and a prolonged course of hemodialysis led to a complete clinical and biochemical recovery. | 2009 | 19684526 |
| plk1 down-regulates parainfluenza virus 5 gene expression. | the paramyxoviruses are a family of negative-sense rna viruses that includes many important human and animal pathogens. paramyxovirus rna synthesis requires the viral phosphoprotein (p) and the large (l) protein. phosphorylation of p is thought to regulate viral gene expression, though direct proof remains elusive. recently, we reported that phosphorylation of a specific residue (ser157) of the p protein of parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5), a prototypical paramyxovirus, correlates with decreased vir ... | 2009 | 19629176 |
| identification of influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus during rhinopharyngitis in a group of mexican children with asthma and wheezing. | viral infections can promote allergic sensitization in genetically susceptible individuals. besides, they are the main cause of wheezing in children. | 2009 | 19623785 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses in the setting of bone marrow transplantation. | several epidemiologic studies have enhanced our understanding of the impact of respiratory viruses on bone marrow transplant recipients. | 2009 | 19532020 |
| salmonella expressing a t-cell epitope from sendai virus are able to induce anti-infection immunity. | bacterial fimbriae can accept foreign peptides and display them on the cell surface. a highly efficient gene replacement method was used to generate peptide vaccines based on salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. dna encoding an epitope from sendai virus, sv9 (sendai virus nucleoprotein peptide 324-332, fapgnypal), which is known to induce cytotoxic t lymphocytes, was incorporated into the gene encoding agfa (the major subunit protein of thin aggregative fimbriae of salmon ... | 2009 | 19528162 |
| human coronavirus nl63 infections in infants hospitalised with acute respiratory tract infections in south africa. | human coronavirus nl63 (hcov-nl63) is a novel respiratory virus which is associated with respiratory tract infections in children. | 2008 | 19453465 |
| mapping of an antigenic site on the nucleocapsid protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a respiratory tract pathogen. the current study aimed to investigate immunodominant regions of hpiv3 nucleocapsid (n) protein by using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against recombinant n protein and human serum specimens from hpiv3-infected individuals. a panel of murine mabs was generated following immunization with yeast-expressed hpiv3 n protein self-assembled to nucleocapsid-like particles. all mabs recognized native viral nucleocapsids in hp ... | 2009 | 19435414 |
| respiratory viral infections within one year after pediatric lung transplant. | to characterize epidemiology and risk factors for respiratory viral infections (rvi) in pediatric lung transplant recipients within the first post-transplant year, a retrospective multicenter study of pediatric lung transplant recipients from 1988 to 2005 was conducted at 14 centers in the united states and europe. data were recorded for 1 year post transplant. associations between rvi and continuous and categorical risk factors were assessed using wilcoxon's rank-sum and chi(2) tests, respectiv ... | 2009 | 19422670 |
| multicluster nosocomial outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 infection in a pediatric oncohematology unit: a phylogenetic study. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) has been reported to cause nosocomial outbreaks of respiratory infection, in particular among hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. | 2009 | 19377073 |
| parainfluenza virus 3 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient. | we report the first case of parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient. a 39-year-old man developed pneumonia during hospitalization 6 years after kidney transplantation. he became hypoxic and underwent noninvasive ventilation. piv3 was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. he was treated successfully with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin. although he recovered from pneumonia, his graft function deteriorated and he had to restart peri ... | 2009 | 19356218 |
| molecular characterization of glycoprotein genes and phylogenetic analysis of two swine paramyxoviruses isolated from united states. | two swine paramyxoviruses (spmv)-(81-19252 (texas-81) and 92-7783 (isu-92)-were isolated from encephalitic pigs in the united states in 1981 and 1992. antigenic, morphologic, and biological characteristics of these two viruses were essentially similar to members of the family paramyxoviridae. antigenic analysis by indirect fluorescent antibody, immunoblot, and one-way cross-neutralization tests placed these viruses along with bovine parainfluenza 3 (bpiv3) viruses. purified virions were 50-300 n ... | 2009 | 19337823 |
| differential expression of nuclear factor-kappab mediates increased pulmonary expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and virus-induced asthma. | infections with respiratory pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus have been associated with the development of long-term chronic airway disease. to better understand the events responsible for this clinical outcome, a rodent model of virus-induced chronic airway disease has been characterized. upon infection with sendai virus (parainfluenza virus type-1), brown norway (bn) rats develop an asthma-like clinical syndrome, while fischer 344 (f344) rats fully recover. our previ ... | 2009 | 19326995 |
| mature cd11c(+) cells are enhanced in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. | the present study verified the hypothesis that enhanced maturation of antigen-presenting cd11c(+) cells could explain the viral-induced exacerbated immune response to saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (sr), the main antigen responsible for farmer's lung, a classic form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp). four groups of mice were studied: group 1 received intranasal instillations of saline; group 2 received instillations of sr for 12 weeks; group 3 received instillations of saline and a single inf ... | 2009 | 19282343 |
| trim21 is essential to sustain ifn regulatory factor 3 activation during antiviral response. | virus infection induces host antiviral responses including induction of type i ifns. transcription factor ifn regulatory factor 3 (irf3) plays an essential role and is tightly regulated in this process. herein we report that trim21 (tripartite motif-containing 21) is significantly induced and interacts with irf3 upon rna virus infection. ectopic expression or knockdown of trim21 could respectively enhance or impair irf3-mediated gene expression. mechanistically, trim21 interferes with the intera ... | 2009 | 19265157 |
| healthcare-associated atypical pneumonia. | atypical pneumonia was first described in 1938, and over time, mycoplasma, legionella, and chlamydophila were the agents commonly linked with community-associated atypical pneumonia. however, as technology has improved, so has our understanding of this clinical entity. it is now known that there are many agents linked with atypical pneumonia in the community, and many of these agents are also major causes of healthcare-associated pneumonia. this article discusses the history, epidemiology, and p ... | 2009 | 19199189 |
| comparison of cytokine responses in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with viral lower respiratory tract infections. | to determine whether nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) cytokine response is different according to the causative viruses in children with lower respiratory tract infections (lrti). | 2009 | 19183120 |
| parainfluenza virus infection of young children: estimates of the population-based burden of hospitalization. | to determine the population-based inpatient disease burden of parainfluenza virus in children <5 years of age. | 2009 | 19159905 |
| rapidly fatal necrotizing pneumonia in a 12-year-old boy caused by co-infection with parainfluenza virus type 1 and panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl)-positive methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus. | 2009 | 19137241 | |
| infection and maturation of monocyte-derived human dendritic cells by human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and human parainfluenza virus type 3. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) are common, important respiratory pathogens, but hrsv has a substantially greater impact with regard to acute disease, long-term effects on airway function, and frequency of re-infection. it has been reported to strongly interfere with the functioning of dendritic cells (dc). we compared hrsv to hmpv and hpiv3 with regard to their effects on human monocyte-derived immature dc (idc ... | 2009 | 19128816 |
| outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 in a neonatal intensive care unit. | parainfluenza virus (piv) causes > 30% of all acute respiratory infections in infants and children and is second only to respiratory syncytial virus as a cause of lower respiratory tract infection. however in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu), piv outbreaks are highly uncommon. this case report describes an outbreak of 3 cases of piv type 3 in a regional nicu. | 2009 | 19085679 |
| simultaneous detection of parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) types 1 and 3 are major viral pathogens responsible for upper and lower respiratory tract infections. the diagnosis of these two species is achieved generally by specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain (rt-pcr) reaction methods. in this study, a real-time rt-pcr was developed using a common pair of primers-probe (hpiv-1+3) for the simultaneous detection of both hpiv-1 and hpiv-3 genomes. results obtained in a 10-fold dilution series assay demonstrate a hi ... | 2009 | 19063922 |
| air leaks in children with acute bronchiolitis. | 2008 | 19012637 | |
| regulation of interferon regulatory factor 3-dependent innate immunity by the hcv ns3/4a protease. | interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf-3) is a ubiquitously expressed latent cellular transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in control of innate, type i interferon (ifn) antiviral responses. after viral infections, irf-3 is activated by specific c-terminal phosphorylation, which induces its dimerization and nuclear translocation, whereupon irf-3 activates the transcription of type i ifns and a number of other antiviral effector genes. many viruses have evolved strategies that antagonize si ... | 2009 | 19009264 |
| negative regulation of virus-triggered ifn-beta signaling pathway by alternative splicing of tbk1. | induction of type i ifns is a central event in antiviral responses and must be tightly controlled. the protein kinase tbk1 is critically involved in virus-triggered type i ifn signaling. in this study, we identify an alternatively spliced isoform of tbk1, termed tbk1s, which lacks exons 3-6. upon sendai virus (sev) infection, tbk1s is induced in both human and mouse cells and binds to rig-1, disrupting the interaction between rig-i and visa. consistent with that result, overexpression of tbk1s i ... | 2008 | 18977754 |
| infection with menangle virus in flying foxes (pteropus spp.) in australia. | to examine flying foxes (pteropus spp.) for evidence of infection with menangle virus. | 2008 | 18959537 |
| parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects. | little information on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) infections, especially in children from tropical countries, has been published. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hpiv infections in children attended at a large hospital in fortaleza in northeast brazil, and describe seasonal patterns, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these infections. from january 2001 to december 2006, a total of 3070 nasopharyngeal aspi ... | 2008 | 18833402 |
| [common viral etiologies of community acquired lower respiratory tract infections in young children and their relationship with long term complications]. | viral lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) and their late complications are important causes of morbidity and mortality in childhood. the aims of this study were the detection of viral agents that cause community-acquired lrtis in young children and investigation of the relationship between viral etiology and bronchiolitis obliterans (bo) which is one of the late complications of lrtis. a total of 151 children (86 male, 65 female; mean age: 2.9 +/- 1.9 years) who were diagnosed to have lrt ... | 2008 | 18822886 |
| development of a piv-vectored rsv vaccine: preclinical evaluation of safety, toxicity, and enhanced disease and initial clinical testing in healthy adults. | medi-534 is a bivalent live attenuated vaccine candidate against human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) that was previously shown to be immunogenic and to protect rodents and african green monkeys from wild-type (wt) hrsv challenge. we performed further preclinical evaluations to address the safety of medi-534 prior to human testing. medi-534 did not predispose rodents to enhanced rsv disease following wt-rsv challenge, and the tissue tropism of the ... | 2008 | 18822334 |
| current status of vaccines for parainfluenza virus infections. | parainfluenza viruses (piv) have been generally disregarded as pathogens in spite of their importance in pediatric lower respiratory illness. because pivs account for 17% of hospitalized illness associated virus isolation, the development of piv vaccine would be a major advance in preventing lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. we will review in detail several piv vaccine candidates and recent newer approaches to piv vaccine development. intranasally administered bovi ... | 2008 | 18820572 |
| il-12 p80-dependent macrophage recruitment primes the host for increased survival following a lethal respiratory viral infection. | a protective immune response to a respiratory viral infection requires a series of coordinated cellular and molecular responses. we have previously demonstrated that increased expression of airway epithelial cell interleukin (il)-12 p80, a macrophage chemoattractant, is associated with human respiratory viral infection and mediates post-viral mortality in the mouse. to better understand the role of il-12 p80-dependent macrophage chemotaxis in mediating viral immunity, we generated a transgenic m ... | 2009 | 18783467 |
| successful treatment of parainfluenza virus 3 pneumonia with oral ribavirin and methylprednisolone in a bone marrow transplant recipient. | we report a case of severe parainfluenza (piv) 3 pneumonia in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient that was successfully treated with oral ribavirin and methylprednisolone. a 42-year-old woman diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia (fab m5a) in first complete remission underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an hla-matched unrelated donor in may 2006. in july 2007, she developed piv3 pneumonia. her respiratory status progressively worsened and she required o(2) inhalat ... | 2008 | 18712461 |
| a new paramyxovirus, tianjin strain, isolated from common cotton-eared marmoset: genome characterization and structural protein sequence analysis. | the complete rna genome sequence of tianjin strain, isolated from marmoset, has been determined. the genome was 15,384 nucleotides (nt) in length, which was identical to that of sendai virus (sev), and consisted of six genes in the order 3'-np-p/c-m-f-hn-l-5'. the gene junctions contained highly conserved transcription start and stop signal sequences and trinucleotide intergenic regions (igr) similar to those of sev. there was also an overlapping open reading frame and a conserved angn site (aaa ... | 2008 | 18696006 |