| [ecology and the genetic structure of sympatric leishmania species circulating in the intra-continental deserts of the south palaearctic region]. | a pcr fingerprinting approach with single non-specific primers--(gtg)5 and t3b--was apply to investigate variations in the genotyping of three species of leishmania species within the rhombomys opimus area. forty-three strains of leishmania major, l. turanica, and l. gerbilli circulating among great gerbils in turkmenistan, uzbekistan, kazakhstan, and mongolia were examined. pcr fingerprint revealed a high genetic intraspecific heterogeneity among l. turanica strains. three groups of strains wer ... | 2003 | 14564836 |
| mitochondrial and wolbachia markers for the sandfly phlebotomus papatasi: little population differentiation between peridomestic sites and gerbil burrows in isfahan province, iran. | in iran, phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) (diptera: psychodidae) is the main vector of leishmania major yakimoff & schokhor (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), the causative agent of rural zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. this sandfly is abundant both in villages and in the burrows of the main reservoir host, the gerbil rhombomys opimus (licht.) (rodentia: gerbillidae). populations of p. papatasi were sampled from the edges of villages in isfahan province, using cdc miniature light traps in perid ... | 2003 | 14651648 |
| predictive thresholds for plague in kazakhstan. | in kazakhstan and elsewhere in central asia, the bacterium yersinia pestis circulates in natural populations of gerbils, which are the source of human cases of bubonic plague. our analysis of field data collected between 1955 and 1996 shows that plague invades, fades out, and reinvades in response to fluctuations in the abundance of its main reservoir host, the great gerbil (rhombomys opimus). this is a rare empirical example of the two types of abundance thresholds for infectious disease-invasi ... | 2004 | 15118163 |
| [experimental study of the infecting ability of the flea coptopsylla lamellifer rostrata in the kyzylkum natural focus of plague]. | experimental infecting of the fleas coptopsylla lamellifer rostrata by plague was carried out. the fleas were infected by feeding through biomembrane (skin of a white mouse) with a mixture of defibrinated blood of guinea-pig and plague microbes. under concentration 2-3 milliard of the microbes in 1 millilitre, from 60 to 100% of the fleas were infected. forming of the block of proventriculus was observed in 9-13 day. mean percent of blocking for all experiments was less than 1%. maximal rate of ... | 2004 | 15272824 |
| a new epidemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central iran. | reports from the health center of yazd province of increasing cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) cases led us to carry out an epidemiological study using standard techniques in ardakan county, central iran, during 2001. | 2004 | 15323269 |
| epidemiology of helicobacter infection in wild rodents in the xinjiang-uygur autonomous region of china. | helicobacter species were detected in the feces of wild rodents captured in qiemo and ruoqiang in the xinjiang-uygur autonomous region of china by polymerase chain reaction and 16s rrna partial sequence analysis. forty-four wild rodents, including one przewalski's gerbil (brachiones przewalskii), three northern three-toed jerboas (dipus sagitta), one long-eared jerboa (euchoreutes naso), 34 midday gerbils (meriones meridianus), two short-tailed bandicoot rats (nesokia indica) and three great ger ... | 2004 | 15386108 |
| [social environment and morpho-physiological status of young males in the fall groups of great gerbil (rhombomys opimus licht). effect of adults' presence]. | the dependence of stress and sex hormone levels, size of mid-ventral skin gland, and body mass of young males on the presence in social groups of adult gerbils (>1 year old) were studied during the fall of 1999 in the non-breeding high density population of the great gerbil (rhombomys opimus licht; bukhara region, uzbekistan). contents of corticosterone and testosterone in fecal samples collected from young males in the field were analyzed by non-invasive radioimmunoassay. the fall gerbil groups ... | 2004 | 15559573 |
| first detection of leishmania major in peridomestic phlebotomus papatasi from isfahan province, iran: comparison of nested pcr of nuclear its ribosomal dna and semi-nested pcr of minicircle kinetoplast dna. | two pcr methods were compared for their sensitivity in detecting cultured leishmania major, before being used to estimate infection rates in female sandflies (phlebotomus papatasi) collected from peridomestic animal shelters and the nearby burrows of the gerbil reservoir hosts, rhombomys opimus, in isfahan province, central iran. a semi-nested pcr was used to amplify a fragment of minicircle kinetoplast (k) dna with a length and sequence diagnostic for l. major, and a nested pcr was developed to ... | 2005 | 15589800 |
| genetic and biological diversity among populations of leishmania major from central asia, the middle east and africa. | evidence is provided for genetic and biological variation among leishmania major strains that correlates with their geographical origin. the host-parasite relationship also appears to be specific. great gerbils, rhombomys opimus, and fat sand rats, psammomys obesus, are the main reservoir hosts in central asia and the middle east, respectively. however, the central asian parasite failed to infect the middle eastern rodent host in the laboratory, and vice versa. a permissively primed intergenic p ... | 2004 | 15716069 |
| epidemiological study in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the islamic republic of iran. | an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in sabzevar county prompted this study of the epidemiology and the ecology of vectors and reservoirs. examination of 541 schoolchildren showed rates of 9.4% for scars and 5.9% for ulcers. among 807 inhabitants of 4 villages, 10.4% had scars and 3.0% had active lesions. the most highly infected age group was 0-4 years with a rate of 5.9%. a total of 12 849 sandflies representing 7 species were collected in the study area. leptomonad infection was found ... | 2003 | 15748078 |
| alarm signals of the great gerbil: acoustic variation by predator context, sex, age, individual, and family group. | the great gerbil, rhombomys opinus, is a highly social rodent that usually lives in family groups consisting of related females, their offspring, and an adult male. the gerbils emit alarm vocalizations in the presence of diverse predators with different hunting tactics. alarm calls were recorded in response to three predators, a monitor lizard, hunting dog, and human, to determine whether the most common call type, the rhythmic call, is functionally referential with regard to type of predator. r ... | 2005 | 16266190 |
| characterization of leishmania infection in rodents from endemic areas of the islamic republic of iran. | between 1991-2000, leishmania species were isolated and characterized by isoenzyme and molecular analysis from rodents caught in various parts of the islamic republic of iran. in areas endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis, parasites were observed by direct microscopy in smears from 18.6% of 566 specimens. l. major was isolated from 4 species: rhombomys opimus, meriones libycus, tatera indica and mer. hurrianae. l. turanica was isolated from r. opimus for the first time in this country. in endemic ... | 2004 | 16335651 |
| epizootiologic parameters for plague in kazakhstan. | reliable estimates are lacking of key epizootiologic parameters for plague caused by yersinia pestis infection in its natural reservoirs. we report results of a 3-year longitudinal study of plague dynamics in populations of a maintenance host, the great gerbil (rhombomys opimus), in 2 populations in kazakhstan. serologic results suggest a mid-summer peak in the abundance of infectious hosts and possible transmission from the reservoir to humans. decrease in antibody titer to an undetectable leve ... | 2006 | 16494753 |
| [long-term dynamic of fecal corticosterone and its ecological and social correlates in males of great gerbil (rhombomys opimus licht.). non-invasive approach in studies of stress in natural populations]. | the relationship between fecal corticosterone concentrations and characteristics of the environment and population demography were studied in adult male gerbils (rhombomys opimus licht.) at the southern border of kyzylkum desert (reserve "ecocentre dzeiran", bukhara region, republic uzbekistan) in spring and fall seasons from 1999 to 2004. we extracted hormones from air-dried fecal samples and analyzed their concentrations by radioimmunoassay (gerlinskaya et al., 1993). an analysis for year-spec ... | 2006 | 16521569 |
| plague dynamics are driven by climate variation. | the bacterium yersinia pestis causes bubonic plague. in central asia, where human plague is still reported regularly, the bacterium is common in natural populations of great gerbils. by using field data from 1949-1995 and previously undescribed statistical techniques, we show that y. pestis prevalence in gerbils increases with warmer springs and wetter summers: a 1 degrees c increase in spring is predicted to lead to a >50% increase in prevalence. climatic conditions favoring plague apparently e ... | 2006 | 16924109 |
| plague metapopulation dynamics in a natural reservoir: the burrow system as the unit of study. | the ecology of plague (yersinia pestis infection) in its ancient foci in central asia remains poorly understood. we present field data from two sites in kazakhstan where the great gerbil (rhombomys opimus) is the major natural host. family groups inhabit and defend burrow systems spaced throughout the landscape, such that the host population may be considered a metapopulation, with each occupied burrow system a subpopulation. we examine plague transmission within and between family groups and it ... | 2007 | 17156497 |
| empirical assessment of a threshold model for sylvatic plague. | plague surveillance programmes established in kazakhstan, central asia, during the previous century, have generated large plague archives that have been used to parameterize an abundance threshold model for sylvatic plague in great gerbil (rhombomys opimus) populations. here, we assess the model using additional data from the same archives. throughout the focus, population levels above the threshold were a necessary condition for an epizootic to occur. however, there were large numbers of occasi ... | 2007 | 17254978 |
| statistical analysis of the dynamics of antibody loss to a disease-causing agent: plague in natural populations of great gerbils as an example. | we propose a new stochastic framework for analysing the dynamics of the immunity response of wildlife hosts against a disease-causing agent. our study is motivated by the need to analyse the monitoring time-series data covering the period from 1975 to 1995 on bacteriological and serological tests-samples from great gerbils being the main host of yersinia pestis in kazakhstan. based on a four-state continuous-time markov chain, we derive a generalized nonlinear mixed-effect model for analysing th ... | 2007 | 17254979 |
| climatically driven synchrony of gerbil populations allows large-scale plague outbreaks. | in central asia, the great gerbil (rhombomys opimus) is the main host for the bacterium yersinia pestis, the cause of bubonic plague. in order to prevent plague outbreaks, monitoring of the great gerbil has been carried out in kazakhstan since the late 1940s. we use the resulting data to demonstrate that climate forcing synchronizes the dynamics of gerbils over large geographical areas. as it is known that gerbil densities need to exceed a threshold level for plague to persist, synchrony in gerb ... | 2007 | 17550884 |
| zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak in mazar-e sharif, northern afghanistan: an epidemiological evaluation. | in 2005, 200 cases of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) were recorded among international security assistance force (isaf) troops stationed in the mazar-e sharif airport area. within the local population, investigations revealed 3782 cases of zcl, 174 cases of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl), and 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the period from march 21, 2004 to march 20, 2005, and 4045 cases of zcl, 198 cases of acl, and no cases of vl from march 21, 2005 to march 20, ... | 2008 | 17888728 |
| nested pcrs and sequencing of nuclear its-rdna fragments detect three leishmania species of gerbils in sandflies from iranian foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. | to identify and understand the natural transmission cycles of leishmania in iranian sandflies. | 2008 | 18631311 |
| the abundance threshold for plague as a critical percolation phenomenon. | percolation theory is most commonly associated with the slow flow of liquid through a porous medium, with applications to the physical sciences. epidemiological applications have been anticipated for disease systems where the host is a plant or volume of soil, and hence is fixed in space. however, no natural examples have been reported. the central question of interest in percolation theory, the possibility of an infinite connected cluster, corresponds in infectious disease to a positive probabi ... | 2008 | 18668107 |
| [study on the situation of plague in junggar basin of china]. | to understand the distribution, fauna, population structure of host animals and their parasitic fleas as well as popular dynamic of animal plague of natural plague foci in junggar basin. | 2008 | 18686853 |
| long-term dynamics of fecal corticosterone in male great gerbils (rhombomys opimus licht.): effects of environment and social demography. | we examined the relationship among seasonal characteristics of climate, food, and population demography (social structure) and fecal corticosterone (cort) concentrations over 6 yr in adult males of an arid-adapted species, the great gerbil (rhombomys opimus licht., gerbillidae, rodentia), as a measure of chronic stress in high, low, and recovering population densities. results showed yearly differences in the seasonal means of cort, with the highest concentrations in the year of the highest popu ... | 2008 | 18781838 |
| high efficacy of integrated preventive measures against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern afghanistan, as revealed by quantified infection rates. | following an outbreak of more than 200 cases of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) during 2004 and 2005 among international security assistance force (isaf) troops stationed in the mazar-e sharif (mes) airport area, epidemiological investigations indicated the presence of a local high-density zcl focus. based on zcl's specific transmission modes, density and seasonality, integrated preventive measures were continuously implemented from february 2006 at a german military camp constructed at m ... | 2009 | 19161965 |
| molecular data on vectors and reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central iran. | due to the increasing number of positive cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis with occurrence of new foci, a study was carried out to investigate on vectors and reservoirs of the disease in the shahrood district, central iran during 2005-2006. sandflies and rodents were collected using sticky papers and sherman live traps respectively more than 1700 sandflies were collected and identified, mainly phlebotomus papatasi species. rapd-pcr analysis of sandflies showed that 10% of p. papatasi and 4.2% of ... | 2008 | 19192615 |
| molecular phylogeny of the subfamily gerbillinae (muridae, rodentia) with emphasis on species living in the xinjiang-uygur autonomous region of china and based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit ii genes. | rodents belonging to the subfamily gerbillinae and living in the xinjiang-uygur autonomous region of china were collected in field surveys between 2001 and 2003. we found four meriones species, including m. chengi m. liycus, m. meridianus, and m. tamariscinus, as well as related species from different genera, rhombomys opimus and brachiones przewaliskii for phylogenetic analyses of these gerbilline species, dna sequences of parts of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase ... | 2010 | 20192696 |
| dynamics of leishmania infection rates in rhombomys opimus (rodentia: gerbillinae) population of an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in iran. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) due to leishmania major is a great public health problem in the old world. leishmania major is widely distributed in populations of rodents in arid and savannah regions. in this study, seasonal variation of natural infection with leishmania parasites in rhombomys opimus (rodentia: gerbillinae) population of an endemic focus of zcl in iran was monitored. the study was conducted from october 2007 to october 2008 in the central part of the country. nested poly ... | 2010 | 20390397 |
| leishmania species: detection and identification by nested pcr assay from skin samples of rodent reservoirs. | many rodent species act as reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic areas. in the present study a simple and reliable assay based on nested pcr was developed for the detection and identification of leishmania parasites from rodent skin samples. we designed leishmania-specific primers that successfully amplified its regions of leishmania major, leishmania gerbilli and leishmania turanica using nested pcr. out of 95 field collected rhombomys opimus, 21 were positive by micros ... | 2010 | 20566364 |
| molecular detection of leishmania infection due to leishmania major and leishmania turanica in the vectors and reservoir host in iran. | an epidemiological study was carried out on the vectors and reservoirs of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural areas of damghan district, semnan province, central iran, during 2008-2009. totally, 6110 sand flies were collected using sticky papers and were subjected to molecular methods for detection of leishmania parasite. phlebotomus papatasi scopoli was the common species in outdoor and indoor resting places. polymerase chain reaction technique showed that 24 out of 218 p. papatasi (11%) and 4 out ... | 2011 | 20575646 |
| species discrimination and phylogenetic inference of 17 chinese leishmania isolates based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) sequences. | leishmaniasis is a geographically widespread disease, caused by protozoan flagellates of the genus leishmania. this disease still remains endemic in china, especially in the west and northwest frontier regions. to date, the phylogenetic relationships among chinese leishmania isolates are still unclear, and the possible taxonomic diversity remains to be established. in this study, the its1-5.8s fragments of ten isolates collected from different foci in china were determined. to infer the phylogen ... | 2010 | 20617444 |
| modeling the epidemiological history of plague in central asia: palaeoclimatic forcing on a disease system over the past millennium. | human cases of plague (yersinia pestis) infection originate, ultimately, in the bacterium's wildlife host populations. the epidemiological dynamics of the wildlife reservoir therefore determine the abundance, distribution and evolution of the pathogen, which in turn shape the frequency, distribution and virulence of human cases. earlier studies have shown clear evidence of climatic forcing on contemporary plague abundance in rodents and humans. | 2010 | 20799946 |
| species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of chinese leishmania isolates reexamined using kinetoplast cytochrome oxidase ii gene sequences. | leishmaniasis is a geographically widespread disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus leishmania and transmitted by certain species of sand fly. this disease still remains endemic in china, especially in the west and northwest frontier regions. a recent its1 phylogeny of chinese leishmania isolates has challenged some aspects for their traditional taxonomy and cladistic hypotheses of their phylogeny. however, disagreement with respect to relationships within chinese leishmani ... | 2011 | 21221640 |
| [current epidemiology of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the republic of uzbekistan]. | it has been established that the republic of uzbekistan is divided into two strata by the epidemic risk for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl). the distribution of zcl endemicity in urbekistan coincides with that of great gerbils (rhombomys opimus), the main natural reservoir of leishmaniasis pathogens. in the past 34 years, there have been 8 epidemiological rises in the incidence of zcl, which are associated with a large number of great gerbils and ph. papatasis mosquitoes providing the epi ... | 2010 | 21395042 |
| [investigations on leishmaniases at the e.i. martsinovsky institute of medical parasitology and tropical medicine]. | the paper assesses the investigations on leishmaniases at the e.i. martsinovsky institute of medical parasitology and tropical medicine in 1920 to 2009. the analysis includes papers on biology, ecology, taxonomy, and experimental transmission of the agents of leishmaniases via the bites of sand flies, the principle in the control of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) during the agricultural development of extensive territories in the karshin steppe, on quantitative approaches in the epidemio ... | 2010 | 21400708 |
| mitochondrial dna diversity in the populations of great gerbils, rhombomys opimus, the main reservoir of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | accurate identification of animal reservoirs of transmissible diseases is an absolute requirement to any epidemiological survey of zoonoses and is essential for predicting species-specific population outbreaks and therefore to develop accurate ecological control strategies. the systematic status of the great gerbil (rhombomys opimus) remains unclear, despite the fundamental role of these rodents as the main known reservoir hosts of the protozoan parasite leishmania major in the epidemiology of z ... | 2011 | 21683054 |
| dynamics of the plague-wildlife-human system in central asia are controlled by two epidemiological thresholds. | plague (caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis) is a zoonotic reemerging infectious disease with reservoirs in rodent populations worldwide. using one-half of a century of unique data (1949-1995) from kazakhstan on plague dynamics, including data on the main rodent host reservoir (great gerbil), main vector (flea), human cases, and external (climate) conditions, we analyze the full ecoepidemiological (bubonic) plague system. we show that two epidemiological threshold quantities play key roles: ... | 2011 | 21856946 |
| [Isolating structures of gerbils' digestive tract (Gerbillidae, Rhombomys, Meriones) and their functional significance]. | The morphology of the digestive tract of three species of gerbils, characterized by different food specialization-Rhombomys opimus, Meriones tamariscinus and M. meridianus--is considered. The correlation between areas of glandular and keratinizing epithelium is variable and depends greatly on the type of stomach filling and distribution of food mass in it. The bordering fold and ileocecaljunction is not only able to isolate the forestomach and caecum significantly but also may be a mechanism of ... | 2011 | 21870494 |
| Isolation and detection of Leishmania species among naturally infected Rhombomis opimus, a reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Turkemen Sahara, North East of Iran. | In Iran, three species of Leishmania have been incriminated as the causative agents of human leishmaniasis, Leishmania (L.) major, Leishmania tropica, and Leishmania infantum.Rhombomis opimus have been incriminated as a principal reservoirs of the parasitic protozoan Leishmania major, the causative agent of rural zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iran. Rodents captured and examined to find Leishmania species using conventional methods including direct impression smear and microscopic obs ... | 2011 | 21945269 |
| [the effect of extermination of great gerbils on the breeding of sandflies in their burrows]. | | 2014 | 4239523 |
| [morphofunctional organization of burrow microbiocenoses of the great gerbil in northern kyzyl-kum. ii. seasonal aspects in the structure of microbioenoses]. | | 2014 | 4257591 |
| [epizootiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the oasal zone of tashauz province, turkmen ssr]. | six species of mosquitoes were recorded from the settlements in the oasis zone of turkmenia. in all the settlements ph. papatasi was prevalent, in the burrows of foxes and great gerbils ph. papatasi was most abundant and in the burrows of midday gerbils ser. arpaklensis was most frequently encountered. epizootological investigations testify to the possible cases of cutaneous leishmaniosis within the oasis that is associated with intraoasis natural foci of zoonosal cutaneous leishmaniosis. these ... | 2002 | 130600 |
| aerobic bacterial flora of biotic and abiotic compartments of a hyperendemic zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) focus. | identification of the microflora of the sand fly gut and the environmental distribution of these bacteria are important components for paratransgenic control of leishmania transmission by sand flies. | 2015 | 25630498 |
| distribution, fauna and seasonal variation of sandflies, simultaneous detection of nuclear internal transcribed spacer ribosomal dna gene of leishmania major in rhombomys opimus and phlebotomus papatasi, in natanz district in central part of iran. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) due to leishmania major is increasing in many parts of iran. this disease originally is a disease found in gerbils. leishmania parasites are transmitted by sandflies that live and breed in gerbil burrows. nested pcr amplified leishmania its1-5.8s rrna gene in both main reservoir host "rhombomys opimus" and in the "phlebotomus papatasi" main vector of zcl, in iran. population differentiation and seasonal variation of sandflies were analyzed at a microgeograp ... | 0 | 22801285 |
| some epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a new focus, central iran. | following the epidemic of cutaneous leishmaniasis in khatam county, yazd province, this study was carried out to determine vector, and animal reservoir host(s) and investigate the human infection during 2005-2006. four rural districts where the disease had higher prevalence were selected. sticky paper traps were used to collect sand flies during april to november, biweekly. meanwhile rodents were captured using sherman traps from august to november. households and primary schools were visited an ... | 2015 | 26483838 |
| seasonal and physiological variations of phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigens in central iran. | sand fly saliva helps parasite establishment and induce immune responses in vertebrate hosts. in the current study, we investigated the modulation of phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigen expression by seasonal and biological factors. | 2015 | 27047970 |
| laboratory evaluation of a rodenticide-insecticide, coumavec®, against rhombomys opimus, the main reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneouse leishmaniasis in iran. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is a growing health problem in many rural areas of iran. rhombomys opimus, the great gerbil, is the main animal reservoir of zcl in the northeast and central part of iran. the aim of the current study was to evaluate the rodenticidal effect of coumavec® (a mixture of coumatetralyl 0.5% and etofenprox 0.5%) on r. opimus under laboratory condition. | 2013 | 24409445 |
| the development of leishmania turanica in sand flies and competition with l. major. | in central asian foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniases, mixed infections of leishmania turanica and l. major have been found in a reservoir host (the great gerbil, rhombomys opimus) as well as in the sand fly vector phlebotomus papatasi, but hybrids between these two leishmania species have never been reported. in addition, the role of sand fly species other than p. papatasi in l. turanica circulation is not clear. | 2012 | 23031344 |
| utility of filter paper for preserving insects, bacteria, and host reservoir dna for molecular testing. | appropriate methodology for storage biological materials, extraction of dna, and proper dna preservation is vital for studies involving genetic analysis of insects, bacteria, and reservoir hosts as well as for molecular diagnostics of pathogens carried by vectors and reservoirs. here we tried to evaluate the utility of a simple filter paper-based for storage of insects, bacteria, rodent, and human dnas using pcr assays. | 2011 | 22808417 |
| production and purification of anti-rhombomys opimus immunoglobulins. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is an increasing public health problem in some endemic regions. horseradish peroxidase (hrp) conjugated rabbit anti-rhombomys opimus (r. opimus) ig is needed for immunoblotting and elisa tests used to explore the immune response of the rodents against the sand fly saliva. in this study, the production of hrp conjugated rabbit anti-r. opimus ig was conducted for the first time. | 2011 | 22808420 |
| molecular epizootiology of rodent leishmaniasis in a hyperendemic area of iran. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is an expanding disease and public health problem in iran. in the current study, natural leishmania infection rate and seasonal fluctuation of the infection in rhombomys opimus population of a hyperendemic focus of zcl in iran was investigated. | 2010 | 23112983 |
| helminth parasites of rhombomys opimus from golestan province, northeast iran. | the aim of the study was to determine the helminthic species occurring in great gerbil rhombomys opimus collected from maraveh tappeh, golestan province, northeast iran. | 2013 | 23682264 |
| [taxonomic status of the chim virus (chimv) (bunyaviridae, nairovirus, qalyub group) isolated from the ixodidae and argasidae ticks collected in the great gerbil (rhombomys opimus lichtenstein, 1823) (muridae, gerbillinae) burrows in uzbekistan and kazakhstan]. | full-length genome of the chim virus (chimv) (strain leiv-858uz) was sequenced using the next-generation sequencing approach (id genbank: kf801656). the chimv/leiv-858uz was isolated from the ornithodoros tartakovskyi olenev, 1931 ticks collected in the great gerbil (rhombomys opimus lichtenstein, 1823) burrow in uzbekistan near chim town (kashkadarinsky region) in july of 1971. later, four more chimv strains were isolated from the o. tartakovskyi, o. papillipes birula, 1895, rhipicephalus turan ... | 2016 | 25335414 |
| zoonotic and non-zoonotic parasites of wild rodents in turkman sahra, northeastern iran. | this study was conducted to collect informative data on the parasitic infection of wild rodents, emphasizing on finding parasites, which have medical importance to human. | 2017 | 28127340 |
| molecular analysis of isolates of the cestode rodentolepis nana from the great gerbil, rhombomys opimus. | rodentolepis nana (syn. hymenolepis nana) is a cyclophyllidean zoonotic enteric parasite with worldwide distribution. in humans, it is more prevalent in children, especially in temperate zones. a morphologically similar species of r. nana occurs in different rodents, including gerbils. in the present study molecular characterization of five isolates of r. nana from rhombomys opimus in the golestan province (n= 2) and razavi khorasan province (n= 3), both in north-eastern iran, were analysed. aft ... | 2016 | 25779770 |
| detection and molecular identification of leishmania rna virus (lrv) in iranian leishmania species. | leishmania rna virus (lrv) was first detected in members of the subgenus leishmania (viannia), and later, the virulence and metastasis of the new world species were attributed to this virus. the data on the presence of lrv in old world species are confined to leishmania major and a few leishmania aethiopica isolates. the aim of this study was to survey the presence of lrv in various iranian leishmania species originating from patients and animal reservoir hosts. genomic nucleic acids were extrac ... | 2016 | 27604119 |
| identification and phylogenetic relationship of iranian strains of various leishmania species isolated from cutaneous and visceral cases of leishmaniasis based on n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene. | the identity of iranian leishmania species has been resolved to some extent by some genetic markers. in this study, based on n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase (nagt) gene, we further elucidated the identity and phylogeny of the prevalent species in this country. dnas of 121 isolates belonging to cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) patients, canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) cases, and rhombomys opimus rodents were amplified by targeting a partial sequence of nagt gene. all the amplicons wer ... | 2014 | 24911282 |
| ecological niche modeling of main reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in iran. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl), caused by leishmania major, is a common zoonotic vector-borne disease in iran. close contact with infected reservoir hosts increases the probability of transmission of leishmania parasite infections to susceptible humans. four gerbil species (rodentia: gerbillidae) serve as the main reservoir hosts for zcl in different endemic foci of iran. these species include rhombomys opimus, meriones libycus, meriones hurrianae and tatera indica; while notable infecti ... | 2016 | 27150212 |
| the existence of only one haplotype of leishmania major in the main and potential reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis using different molecular markers in a focal area in iran. | leishmania major is the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl), and great gerbils are the main reservoir hosts in iran. abarkouh in central iran is an emerging focal point for which the reservoir hosts of zcl are unclear. this research project was designed to detect any leishmania parasites in different wild rodent species. | 2014 | 25467262 |
| a survey of reservoir hosts in two foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in kerman province, southeast of iran. | in the old world, cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is zoonoses and natural vertebrate hosts of cl parasites are mammals. this study was carried out on natural infection rates of leishmania parasites in reservoir hosts in one new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) and in suspected reservoir in an old focus of acl in iran. the sampling of rodents using sherman traps was carried out and pcr technique was used for detection and identification of leishmania species in bahreman district, kerm ... | 2014 | 25035578 |
| diversity of leishmania species and of strains of leishmania major isolated from desert rodents in different foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in iran. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is a polymorphic disease which may show various symptoms. genetic diversity of the parasite is suggested to be one of the factors influencing the clinical manifestation of the disease. | 2014 | 24980555 |
| novel identification of leishmania major in hemiechinus auritus and molecular detection of this parasite in meriones libycus from an important foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in iran. | one of the well-known foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) in iran is turkemen sahara, which is located in north eastern iran. zcl is a disease of mammals, and humans can become infected as accidental hosts. many researchers have argued that rhombomys opimus is the only main reservoir host of zcl in this region of the golestan province. no other rodents or mammals are thought to host or have been reported to host leishmania parasites in this region. this research was designed and devel ... | 2016 | 24613133 |
| high infection frequency, low diversity of leishmania major and first detection of leishmania turanica in human in northern iran. | smears of suspected patients infected with zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) were stained and examined under a light microscopic observation. dna of parasites within human ulcers was extracted directly from their smears. nested pcr was used to amplify a fragment containing the internal transcribed spacers of the ribosomal rna genes (its-rdna) of lesihmania parasites in human from turkemen sahara located in the northeastern part of iran. based on rflp method by digesting bsuri restriction en ... | 2014 | 24530890 |
| interleukin 4 (il-4) gene promoter polymorphisms in rhombomys opimus, the main reservoir of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. | great gerbils (rhombomys opimus) are the most common gerbils in center to northeast of iran as well as central asia and serve as reservoirs for the zoonotic agents, including leishmania major, the principal etiologic agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl). the outcome of l. major infection in gerbils is not uniform. among several immune-related factors including cytokine genes, the polymorphism in interleukin 4 (il-4) promoter gene showed a great impact on outcome and pathological sympt ... | 2014 | 24209596 |
| molecular characterization of leishmania spp. in reservoir hosts in endemic foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in iran. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is an expanding disease and a public health issue in iran. in the present study, rate of natural infection of rodent populations with leishmania was investigated in six endemic foci including 28 villages in golestan, esfahan, yazd, fars, khuzestan and ilam provinces. a total of 593 rodents were captured and identified as rhombomys opimus (n = 325), meriones libycus (n = 171), meriones persicus (n = 27), tatera indica (n = 37), nesokia indica (n = 12), rattu ... | 2013 | 23951928 |
| natural infection and phylogenetic classification of leishmania spp. infecting rhombomys opimus, a primary reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeast iran. | in the northeast and central parts of iran, rhombomys opimus (great gerbil) is the primary reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl). this study used both parasitological and molecular methods to identify leishmania spp. and their different haplotypes that were circulating in the great gerbil populations in zcl foci from northeastern iran. | 2013 | 23868742 |
| low diversity of leishmania parasites in sandflies and the absence of the great gerbil in foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in fars province, southern iran. | fars province lies to the south of the main foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) caused by leishmania major in central and northern iran, and its zcl foci might have emerged more recently because of different transmission cycles. however, there have been limited studies of the parasites infecting the regional sandfly vectors. | 2013 | 23604865 |
| survey for rickettsiae within fleas of great gerbils, almaty oblast, kazakhstan. | little is known of the endemicity of flea-borne rickettsiae in kazakhstan. thus, a survey for rickettsiae within great gerbil fleas was conducted in almaty oblast. high prevalence of rickettsia asembonensis was detected among xenopsylla gerbilli, demonstrating that flea-borne rickettsiae are endemic to southeastern kazakhstan. interestingly, no rickettsia typhi were detected in these same fleas. | 2017 | 27992288 |
| [experimental observation on the histopathological and ultrastructural pathology of great gerbils (rhombomys opimus) in the junggar basin by subcutaneous injecting of yersinia pestis]. | objective: to understand the histopathological and ultrastructural pathology changes of great gerbils in the junggar basin to yersinia pestis infection. methods: forty captured great gerbils from the junggar basin that tested negative for anti-f1 antibodies were infected. the y. pestis strain 2504, isolated from a live great gerbil in the natural plague foci of the junggar basin in 2005 with a median lethal dose (ld(50)) of <10 cfu/ml, was used in this study. forty great gerbils were divided int ... | 2017 | 28219158 |
| spatial distribution patterns of plague hosts: point pattern analysis of the burrows of great gerbils in kazakhstan. | the spatial structure of a population can strongly influence the dynamics of infectious diseases, yet rarely is the underlying structure quantified. a case in point is plague, an infectious zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis. plague dynamics within the central asian desert plague focus have been extensively modelled in recent years, but always with strong uniformity assumptions about the distribution of its primary reservoir host, the great gerbil (rhombomys opimus). yet, w ... | 2015 | 26877580 |
| the perfect burrow, but for what? identifying local habitat conditions promoting the presence of the host and vector species in the kazakh plague system. | the wildlife plague system in the pre-balkhash desert of kazakhstan has been a subject of study for many years. much progress has been made in generating a method of predicting outbreaks of the disease (infection by the gram negative bacterium yersinia pestis) but existing methods are not yet accurate enough to inform public health planning. the present study aimed to identify characteristics of individual mammalian host (rhombomys opimus) burrows related to and potentially predictive of the pre ... | 2015 | 26325073 |
| transmission efficiency of the plague pathogen (y. pestis) by the flea, xenopsylla skrjabini, to mice and great gerbils. | plague, a zoonotic disease caused by yersinia pestis, is characterized by its ability to persist in the plague natural foci. junggar basin plague focus was recently identified in china, with rhombomys opimus (great gerbils) and xenopsylla skrjabini as the main reservoir and vector for plague. no transmission efficiency data of x. skrjabini for y. pestis is available till now. | 2015 | 25928441 |
| plague epizootic cycles in central asia. | infection thresholds, widely used in disease epidemiology, may operate on host abundance and, if present, on vector abundance. for wildlife populations, host and vector abundances often vary greatly across years and consequently the threshold may be crossed regularly, both up- and downward. moreover, vector and host abundances may be interdependent, which may affect the infection dynamics. theory predicts that if the relevant abundance, or combination of abundances, is above the threshold, then ... | 2014 | 24966205 |
| mapping the distribution of the main host for plague in a complex landscape in kazakhstan: an object-based approach using spot-5 xs, landsat 7 etm+, srtm and multiple random forests. | plague is a zoonotic infectious disease present in great gerbil populations in kazakhstan. infectious disease dynamics are influenced by the spatial distribution of the carriers (hosts) of the disease. the great gerbil, the main host in our study area, lives in burrows, which can be recognized on high resolution satellite imagery. in this study, using earth observation data at various spatial scales, we map the spatial distribution of burrows in a semi-desert landscape. the study area consists o ... | 2013 | 24817838 |
| potential corridors and barriers for plague spread in central asia. | plague (yersinia pestis infection) is a vector-borne disease which caused millions of human deaths in the middle ages. the hosts of plague are mostly rodents, and the disease is spread by the fleas that feed on them. currently, the disease still circulates amongst sylvatic rodent populations all over the world, including great gerbil (rhombomys opimus) populations in central asia. great gerbils are social desert rodents that live in family groups in burrows, which are visible on satellite images ... | 2013 | 24171709 |
| local persistence and extinction of plague in a metapopulation of great gerbil burrows, kazakhstan. | speculation on how the bacterium yersinia pestis re-emerges after years of absence in the prebalkhash region in kazakhstan has been ongoing for half a century, but the mechanism is still unclear. one of the theories is that plague persists in its reservoir host (the great gerbil) in so-called hotspots, i.e. small regions in which the conditions remain favourable for plague to persist during times where the conditions in the prebalkhash region as a whole have become unfavourable for plague persis ... | 2012 | 23351373 |
| dynamics of yersinia pestis and its antibody response in great gerbils (rhombomys opimus) by subcutaneous infection. | rhombomys opimus (great gerbil) is a reservoir of yersinia pestis in the natural plague foci of central asia. great gerbils are highly resistant to y. pestis infection. the coevolution of great gerbils and y. pestis is believed to play an important role in the plague epidemics in central asia plague foci. however, the dynamics of y. pestis infection and the corresponding antibody response in great gerbils have not been evaluated. in this report, animal experiments were employed to investigate th ... | 2012 | 23071647 |
| draft genome sequence of yersinia pestis strain 2501, an isolate from the great gerbil plague focus in xinjiang, china. | we deciphered the genome of yersinia pestis strain 2501, isolated from the junggar basin, a newly discovered great gerbil plague focus in xinjiang, china. the total length of assembly was 4,597,322 bp, and 4,265 coding sequences were predicted within the genome. it is the first y. pestis genome from this plague focus. | 2012 | 22965078 |
| a curve of thresholds governs plague epizootics in central asia. | a core concept of infectious disease epidemiology is the abundance threshold, below which an infection is unable to invade or persist. there have been contrasting theoretical predictions regarding the nature of this threshold for vector-borne diseases, but for infections with an invertebrate vector, it is common to assume a threshold defined by the ratio of vector and host abundances. here, we show in contrast, both from field data and model simulations, that for plague (yersinia pestis) in kaza ... | 2012 | 22449078 |
| [dynamics of f1 antibody responses to yersinia pestis infection in rhombomys opimus]. | objective: to observe the dynamics of antibody response in great gerbils infected with yersinia pestis in experiment. method: a total of 211 great gerbils were captured in the southern margin of plague natural focus of junggar basin of the xinjiang uygur autonomous region in 2011. among them, there were 167 great gerbils without infection of y. pestis and 44 great gerbils infected by y.pestis. y.pestis no. 2504 was employed for this experimental strain, which was strong toxic strain with negativ ... | 2017 | 28395471 |
| epidemiological distribution of rodents as potent reservoirs for infectious diseases in the provinces of mazandaran, gilan and golestan, northern iran. | rodents are mammals that comprise more than 2000 species and approximately 30 families. there are many morphological and ecological differences among them as variations in their shape, size, weight and habitat. in addition to significant economic losses, rodents have a major role in the dissemination of infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites or other micro-organisms. rodents are important reservoirs of diseases which have been observed in many cities of iran provinces especia ... | 2017 | 28626537 |
| prevalence of leishmania species in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis in iran. | leishmaniasis are diverse group of diseases caused by numerous species of genus leishmania. herein we have contrived a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of leishmania species in rodents of iran. for this purpose, following the general methodology recommended for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, six english databases (pubmed, science direct, scopus, ovid, web of science and google scholar) and four persian databases (magiran, sid, iran doc and iran medex) were explored du ... | 2017 | 28454881 |
| evaluation of some factors influencing on variability in bioaccumulation of heavy metals in rodents species: rombomys opimus and rattus norvegicus from central iran. | in the present study, the effects of sex, age, nutritional status, and habitat use on hair and internal tissue concentrations of some trace metals (zn, cu, ni, pb and cd) in brown rat (rattus norvegicus) and great gerbil (rhombomys opimus) from aran-o-bidgol city in central iran were investigated. five sampling stations in different land-uses were selected for the study. concentrations of cd and pb in liver and whole body concentration as well as concentration of zn in hair of male rats were sig ... | 2017 | 27875719 |
| microsatellite (ssr) amplification by pcr usually led to polymorphic bands: evidence which shows replication slippage occurs in extend or nascent dna strands. | microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are very effective molecular markers in population genetics, genome mapping, taxonomic study and other large-scale studies. variation in number of tandem repeats within microsatellite refers to simple sequence length polymorphism (sslp); but there are a few studies that are showed ssrs replication slippage may be occurred during in vitro amplification which are produced 'stutter products' differing in length from the main products. the purpose of ... | 2016 | 28097170 |
| [study on the spatial distribution and related risks of rhombomys opimus, based on the ecological niche modeling in junggar basin, xinjiang]. | in order to understand the distribution of the host animals in junggar basin, this study intended to map the spatial distribution and identifying the risk of rhombomys opimus in the framework of ecological niche theory based on the "3s" technology. | 2014 | 25492148 |
| vocalization with the mouth closed as a mechanism of generation of the low-frequency sound signal in great gerbil (mammalia, rodentia). | | 2014 | 24795184 |
| [study on the spatial and temporal distribution of animal plague in junggar basin plague focus]. | to explore the spatial and temporal distributions of animal plague in junggar basin natural plague focus. | 2014 | 24739544 |
| [community structure of great gerbils (rhombomys opimus) parasitic fleas in junggar basin focus and related epizootiological characteristics on plague]. | to understand the community structure of rhombomys opimus parasitic fleas in the natural plague focus in junggar basin, so as to explain the relationship between the community structure and the prevalence of animal plague in this area. | 2013 | 24517942 |
| mtdna cytb structure of rhombomys opimus (rodentia: gerbellidae), the main reservoir of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the borderline of iran-turkmenistan. | great gerbils, rhombomys opimus, are the main reservoir host of zoonootic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) in iran and neighboring countries. based on morphological traits two subspecies r. opimus sodalis and r. opimus sargadensis have reported in the country. however, variation in infection rate and signs to leishmania parasites, phenotype, size, and sexual polymorphisms demand more details to elucidate clearly the role of great gerbils in zcl epidemiology. | 2013 | 24409443 |
| study on ectoparasites of rhombomys opimus, the main reservoir of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic foci in iran. | ectoparasites of mammalian hosts play an important role for transmission of diseases from the host reservoirs to human. the aim of this study was to determine the species composition and infestation parameters for parasitic arthropods associated with rhombomys opimus. | 2009 | 22808371 |
| bayesian population dynamics of interacting species: great gerbils and fleas in kazakhstan. | we propose a discrete-time bayesian hierarchical model for the population dynamics of the great gerbil-flea ecological system. the model accounts for the sampling variability arising from data originally collected for other purposes. the prior for the unknown population densities incorporates specific biological hypotheses regarding the interacting dynamics of the two species, as well as their life cycles, where density-dependent effects are included. posterior estimates are obtained via markov ... | 2005 | 15737098 |
| [an experimental study of the rate and dynamics of the progression of different foods through the digestive tract of the greater gerbil]. | the rate and dynamics of food movement over the digestive tract was studied with the use of solid markers and small fragments of colored plastic film, in five experimental groups of great gerbils kept on different diets (various combinations of concentrated and cellulose food). the concentrated food moves relatively uniformly over the digestive tract and is fully evacuated within 24-25 h. addition of various plant objects rich in cellulose to the grain food and feeding of the gerbil on the cellu ... | 2016 | 9044677 |
| [changes in the antimicrobial potential of the phagocytosing cells of great gerbils in experimental plague]. | the work deals with the results obtained in the study of the activity of the cytocidal systems of phagocytes in great gerbils under normal conditions and during the plague infectious process. the data have been analyzed in comparison with the corresponding characteristics of phagocytic activity in mice. changes in the oxygen-dependent metabolism (odm) of neutrophils and macrophages, responsible for the functioning of their oxygen-dependent cytocidal systems, in plague show features characteristi ... | 1987 | 3434052 |
| [evaluation of the effectiveness of manual dusting of the burrows of the great gerbil in controlling burrow sandflies (phlebotominae)]. | | 2013 | 6207418 |
| [fleas of eastern mongolia with a description of male and female echidnophaga tiscadaea smit, 1967 (siphonaptera)]. | 23 species and subspecies of fleas were collected from 16 species of rodents, two species of double-toothed rodents and from burrows of great gerbil in mongolia. the distribution of fleas on animals and throughout the territory is shown. the description of male and additional description of female of echidnophaga tiscadaea with figures are given. figures of male and female of e. oschanini are given for comparison. e. tiscadaea is suggested to be a parasite of jerboa. | 2010 | 7254901 |
| [alternative prognostication of the population of fleas of the genus xenopsylla (siphonaptera)]. | a possibility of alternative prognostication of the autumn abundance of fleas was shown by means of statistical analysis of prognostication tables made up on the basis of the distribution of informative factors: indices of the abundance of the great gerbil, which is the main host of fleas, weather conditions and characteristics of the populations of the fleas. | 2010 | 6450939 |
| [change in the population density and species makeup of sandflies (phlebotomidae) as a result of eradication of the great gerbils in zoontoic cutaneous leishmaniasis foci in the karshi steppe]. | | 2009 | 6445485 |
| [fertility of the flea, xenopsylla gerbilli minax, that parasitizes the great gerbil (aphaniptera)]. | it has been established experimentally that the fecundity of females of xenopsylla gerbilli minax is wavy in its character from the beginning to end of their reproduction (peaks are replaced by falls). in spring and summer the egg laying proceeds on the 2nd--3rd day after the first bloodsucking of fleas and lasts to the end of their life. in autumn the first eggs develop on the 4th--6th day and do not develop at all at the end of the life. in winter months the egg production is somewhat slowed d ... | 2010 | 492769 |
| [experience with using carbon tetrachloride to control great gerbils and red-tailed jirds in cutaneous leishmaniasis foci of bukhara province]. | | 2013 | 149893 |
| [territorial distribution of 2 sympathric species of fleas--parasites of the great gerbil in the kyzyl-kum desert]. | fleas of xenopsylla gerbilli and xenopsylla hirtipes, parasites of rhombonus optimus in the kizil--kum, have a sympathric distribution. within a greater part of their common area both species vicariate in landscapes: x. hirtipes occupties more mesophilous parts while x. gerbilli is distributed in all parts where the first species is missing. the distribution of x. hirtipes depends first of all on abiotic environmental factors and that of x. gerbilli--on biotic ones, i. e. on the competition with ... | 2010 | 141029 |