| variability of procyanidin type a- and -b trimers content in aerial parts of some vaccinium species and cultivars. | based on the ethnopharmacological data showing that either wild bilberry leaves or whole aerial parts of the plants have been used as antidiabetic drugs, it can be hypothesized that the controversial results of various clinical and animal investigations may be caused by different contents of the active principles in different aerial parts of the bilberry/blueberry (vaccinium spp.) plants, as well as by their geographical and seasonal variability. the aim of this study was to compare the content ... | 2014 | 25115086 |
| high performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthocyanins in bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus l.), blueberries (vaccinium corymbosum l.), and corresponding juices. | in the present study the anthocyanin content of commercially available bilberry juices and fresh fruits were quantified by using 15 authentic anthocyanin standards via high performance liquid chromatography with an ultra-violet detector (hplc-uv/vis). delphinidin-3-o-glucopyranoside, delphinidin-3-o-galactopyranoside, and cyanidin-3-o-arabinopyranoside were the major anthocyanins found in juices, nectar, and fresh bilberries. in contrast, fresh blueberries had higher concentrations of malvidin-3 ... | 2012 | 22394068 |
| intake of bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus l.) reduced risk factors for cardiovascular disease by inducing favorable changes in lipoprotein profiles. | cardiovascular diseases (cvds) are the leading causes of death, and lifestyle modification, including dietary changes, is recommended to improve this condition. in this study, regular consumption of bilberries was hypothesized to have beneficial effects on cvd risk reduction, by changes in human health indicators such as decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c) and triglycerides (tgs) and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c). the research involved women (n=25) an ... | 2016 | 27993193 |
| inclusion of bilberry pomace in rabbit diets: effects on carcass characteristics and meat quality. | a trial was performed to evaluate bilberry pomace (bp) as alternative source of nutrients for rabbits. one hundred and forty-four grimaud weaned rabbits were divided into 4 groups of 36 animals each and fed ad libitum with a basal diet (bp0) tested against three assay diets developed by substituting 50, 100 and 150g/kg of the bp0 diet with bp (bp5, bp10 and bp15 diets, respectively). carcass characteristics of rabbits were not affected by treatment, with the exception of liver weight. dietary in ... | 2017 | 27838575 |
| monochromatic light increases anthocyanin content during fruit development in bilberry. | light is one of the most significant environmental factors affecting to the accumulation of flavonoids in fruits. the composition of the light spectrum has been shown to affect the production of phenolic compounds during fruit ripening. however, specific information on the biosynthesis of flavonoids in fruits in response to different wavelengths of light is still scarce. in the present study bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) fruits, which are known to be rich with anthocyanin compounds, were ill ... | 2014 | 25511869 |
| bilberry: chemical profiling, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity and nephroprotective effect against gentamicin toxicity in rats. | we assessed possible protective effect of bilberry diet in rat model of nephrotoxicity. in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity and chemical profiling of this functional food was performed. with aid of hplc-dad and spectrophotometric method, 15 individual anthocyanins were quantified alongside total tannin, phenylpropanoid, and anthocyanin content. the study was conducted on four groups of rats: control, treated with only gentamicin, treated with only bilberry, and treated with both gentamicin ... | 2017 | 27714928 |
| bilberry extracts are not created equal: the role of non anthocyanin fraction. discovering the "dark side of the force" in a preliminary study. | several experimental studies and clinical trials support the potential of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l) extracts in promoting eye health and circulation. many active ingredients have been isolated from the berries and leaves of the bilberry plant. however, anthocyanins represent the most widely studied bioactive compounds in this plant. | 2016 | 27338070 |
| white versus blue: does the wild 'albino' bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) differ in fruit quality compared to the blue one? | wild albino and blue bilberry fruit were analyzed to compare different fruit characteristics linked to the composition of primary and secondary metabolites. compounds were identified using hplc-ms and standard quality parameters were determined. albino berries were significantly smaller, accumulated less water and were characterized by 23% higher dry weight. soluble solids content and ph value were higher in albino bilberry and their surface was lighter and characterized by a yellow hue. both bi ... | 2016 | 27283708 |
| soil warming opens the nitrogen cycle at the alpine treeline. | climate warming may alter ecosystem nitrogen (n) cycling by accelerating n transformations in the soil, and changes may be especially pronounced in cold regions characterized by n-poor ecosystems. we investigated n dynamics across the plant-soil continuum during 6 years of experimental soil warming (2007-2012; +4 °c) at a swiss high-elevation treeline site (stillberg, davos; 2180 m a.s.l.) featuring larix decidua and pinus uncinata. in the soil, we observed considerable increases in the nh4+ poo ... | 2017 | 27207568 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of an important wild berry crop. | the success of plant breeding in the coming years will be associated with access to new sources of variation, which will include landraces and wild relatives of crop species. in order to access the reservoir of favourable alleles within wild germplasm, knowledge about the genetic diversity and the population structure of wild species is needed. bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) is one of the most important wild crops growing in the forests of northern european countries, noted for its nutritional p ... | 2015 | 26483325 |
| pharmacopeial hplc identification methods are not sufficient to detect adulterations in commercial bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) extracts. anthocyanin profile provides additional clues. | current pharmacopeias provide hplc anthocyanin profiles to identify commercial bilberry extracts. however, the pharmacopeial identification protocols may not be sufficient enough to distinguish genuine bilberry extracts from adulterated material. this is primarily due to the non-inclusion of literature-reported anthocyanin profile and compositional variations in bilberry when sourced from different geographical regions. using anthocyanin profiles of both authentic bilberry extracts and literatur ... | 2014 | 25250894 |
| interaction between κ- and ι-carrageenan and anthocyanins from vaccinium myrtillus. | anthocyanins (atcs) from the vaccinium myrtillus water extract have been incorporated into the κ-carrageenan (κ-carg) or ι-carrageenan (ι-carg) during complexation in dilute solutions or adsorption onto the microgranules of κ-carg or ι-carg cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. at the optimal weight ratio of carg to atc at 0.4:1 and the total atcs and carg concentration≤0.07g/l, stable dispersions of the κ-carg/atcs or ι-carg/atcs complex nanosize particles were obtained. the langmuir, freundlich a ... | 2016 | 27185113 |
| carotenoid metabolism during bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) fruit development under different light conditions is regulated by biosynthesis and degradation. | carotenoids are important pigments and precursors for central signaling molecules associated in fruit development and ripening. carotenoid metabolism has been studied especially in the climacteric tomato fruit but the content of carotenoids and the regulation of their metabolism have been shown to be highly variable between fruit species. non-climacteric berries of the genus vaccinium are among the best natural sources of health-beneficial flavonoids but not studied previously for carotenoid bio ... | 2016 | 27098458 |
| the effects of vaccinium myrtillus extract on hamster pial microcirculation during hypoperfusion-reperfusion injury. | the present study was aimed to assess the in vivo hamster pial microvessel alterations due to 30 min transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (bccao) and reperfusion (60 min); moreover, the neuroprotective effects of vaccinium myrtillus extract, containing 34.7% of anthocyanins, were investigated. | 2016 | 27070318 |
| polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant and antiradical activity of italian berries from vaccinium myrtillus l. and vaccinium uliginosum l. subsp. gaultherioides (bigelow) s.b. young. | total soluble polyphenols (tsp), total monomeric anthocyanins (tma), radical scavenging activity (rsa), ferric reducing antioxidant power (frap), and a number of anthocyanins, phenolic acids, coumarins, flavanols, dihydrochalcones and flavonols were investigated in tuscan bilberry (i.e. vaccinium myrtillus) and "false bilberry" (i.e. vaccinium uliginosum subsp. gaultherioides bigelow). v. myrtillus berries showed much higher tsp, tma, rsa and frap values than v. uliginosum subsp. gaultherioides ... | 2016 | 26988491 |
| effects of drought stress on growth, solute accumulation and membrane stability of leafy vegetable, huckleberry (solanum scabrum mill.). | the present study sought to investigate the factors implicated in growth impairment of huckleberry (a leafy vegetable) under water stress conditions. to achieve this, seedlings of plant were subjected to control, mild stress and severe stress conditions for 30 days. plant growth, plant water relation, gas exchange, oxidative stress damage, electrolyte leakage rate, mineral content and osmolyte accumulation were measured. water deficit markedly decreased leaf, stem and root growth. leaf photosynt ... | 2016 | 26930867 |
| controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus with herbal medicines: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety. | the use of alternative medicines is common in patients with diabetes mellitus. the primary aim of the present study was to determine the effects of cinnamon and caucasian whortleberry (vaccinium arctostaphylos l.) on blood glucose control, lipid profile and body mass index (bmi) in patients with type 2 diabetes (t2dm). | 2016 | 26362826 |
| effects of vaccinium berries on serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | the beneficial effects of anthocyanins consumption on cardiovascular risk are supported by mechanistic and epidemiologic evidence. in order to explore the effects of vaccinium berries rich in anthocyanins on serum lipids, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (rcts). sixteen studies with 1109 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. significant heterogeneity confirmed differential effects between vaccinium subclasses. the whortleberry group is significantly s ... | 2015 | 26345230 |
| application of pulsed electric field in the production of juice and extraction of bioactive compounds from blueberry fruits and their by-products. | the influence of pulsed electric field (pef) pre-treatment of blueberry fruits (vaccinium myrtillus l.), both on the extraction yield and antioxidant properties of juice obtained by pressing and on the on the recovery of bioactive compounds from berry by-products (press cake) by extraction with solvent, was investigated. pef treatments carried out at field strengths of 1, 3, and 5 kv/cm and an energy input of 10 kj/kg achieved a cell disintegration index (z p ) of 0.70, 0.80, and 0.87, respectiv ... | 2015 | 26345006 |
| anthocyanin suppresses the toxicity of aβ deposits through diversion of molecular forms in in vitro and in vivo models of alzheimer's disease. | the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease (ad) is strongly correlated with the aggregation and deposition of the amyloid beta (aβ1-42) peptide in fibrillar form, and many studies have shown that plant-derived polyphenols are capable of attenuating ad progression in various disease models. in this study, we set out to correlate the effects of anthocyanoside extracts (vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanoside (vma)) obtained from bilberry on the in vitro progression of aβ fibril formation with the in vivo ... | 2016 | 26304685 |
| [effectiveness of phytotherapy in supportive treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus billberry (vaccinium myrtillus)]. | the billberry is well-known for its tasty blue-dyeing fruits. historically the leaves and fruits were used to treat diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dementia and cancer. antidiabetic properties of the plant are attributed mostly to the content of anthocyanins and polyphenols. these compounds have proven their antidiabetic potential in various studies. their mechanism of action is an increase in insulin secretion (anthocyanin pelargonidin), reduction of insulin resistance (anthocyanin cyanidin- ... | 2015 | 26084642 |
| is the antioxidative effectiveness of a bilberry extract influenced by encapsulation? | bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus l.) have been suggested to have preventive properties against diseases associated with oxidative stress such as colon cancer or inflammatory bowel diseases. therefore the gastrointestinal tract is regarded as a potential target for prevention. in this study the antioxidative properties of a commercially available anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract (be) were investigated in comparison with four different be-loaded microcapsule systems. as markers to describe the ant ... | 2014 | 24395460 |
| complexes of dextran sulfate and anthocyanins from vaccinium myrtillus: formation and stability. | to improve the stability and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins (atc), complexes of dextran sulfate (desu) and atc extracted from vaccinium myrtillus were formed during electrostatic interaction between sulfo groups of desu and cationic moieties of atc. at the optimal weight ratio desu/atc=0.4 g/g, the amount of atc introduced into a complex depended on the total concentration of the reagents. about 1.7 g of atc per g of desu could be incorporated into a complex. the formation of desu/atc comp ... | 2015 | 26050890 |
| vegetation shift from deciduous to evergreen dwarf shrubs in response to selective herbivory offsets carbon losses: evidence from 19 years of warming and simulated herbivory in the subarctic tundra. | selective herbivory of palatable plant species provides a competitive advantage for unpalatable plant species, which often have slow growth rates and produce slowly decomposable litter. we hypothesized that through a shift in the vegetation community from palatable, deciduous dwarf shrubs to unpalatable, evergreen dwarf shrubs, selective herbivory may counteract the increased shrub abundance that is otherwise found in tundra ecosystems, in turn interacting with the responses of ecosystem carbon ... | 2015 | 25950664 |
| marking twain. | the first of the following two narratives is a personal reflection by the instructor of "narrative approaches to bioethics," an elective in the phd program at the albert gnaegi center for health care ethics at saint louis university. the author argues that perhaps the primary goal of medical ethics education should be to show how to construct plausible and defensible interpretations of human experience and sensibly resolve the problems that these happenings occasion. to that end, the author enga ... | 2013 | 24101300 |
| characteristics of physico-chemical properties of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) jams with added herbs. | low-sugar bilberry jams without added herbs and those with added mentha (1 %) and lemon balm (1 %) were examined for levels of selected physico-chemical indicators, antioxidant activity, colour and texture. jams were obtained by two methods: cooked in an open pan and cooked in a vacuum evaporator. 100 g fresh mass contained 0.076-0.481 mg hmf, 5.8-7.1 mg vitamin c, 176-232 mg total polyphenols, 122-156 mg total flavonoids, 73-96 mg total anthocyanins, with antioxidant activity per 1 g of 405-575 ... | 2015 | 25892779 |
| in vitro study of biological activities of anthocyanin-rich berry extracts on porcine intestinal epithelial cells. | anthocyanins, compounds that represent the major group of flavonoids in berries, are one of the most powerful natural antioxidants. the aim of this study was to evaluate biological activities and comparison of anthocyanin-rich extracts prepared from chokeberry (aronia melanocarpa), elderberry (sambucus nigra), bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) and blueberry (v. corymbosum) on the porcine intestinal epithelial ipec-1 cell line. | 2016 | 25801092 |
| changes in the abscisic acid levels and related gene expression during fruit development and ripening in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.). | abscisic acid (aba) is a natural plant hormone playing an important role in many physiological processes including fruit ripening and is also recently found to be potential for biomedical applications. this study was aimed to measure aba levels and its biosynthesis in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.), which is one of the best sources of anthocyanins. five aba biosynthetic genes were isolated from bilberry and their expression profiles were studied in bilberry tissues, particularly during berry ... | 2013 | 23850079 |
| highly selective separation and purification of anthocyanins from bilberry based on a macroporous polymeric adsorbent. | powdered bilberry extract (united states pharmacopoeia, usp35-nf30), which is prepared from ripe bilberry fruits (vaccinium myrtillus l.), is the main ingredient of drugs alleviating visual fatigue and diabetic retinopathy because of the rich anthocyanins (purity of 36%). in this study, a method based on a macroporous polymeric adsorbent was established to obtain anthocyanin compounds from bilberry, in which the purity of the anthocyanins was improved to 96%, conducive to further pharmacological ... | 2015 | 25786117 |
| anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of vaccinium myrtillus fruit in experimentally induced diabetes (antidiabetic effect of vaccinium myrtillus fruit). | diabetes mellitus (dm) is a metabolic disorder that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) is a useful plant with antidiabetic properties in traditional medicine. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bilberry against dm. diabetes was induced using intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg kg(-1) body weight (bw)). bilberry powder (2 g d(-1)) and glibenclamide (positive control; 0.6 mg kg(-1) bw) were administered for 4 ... | 2016 | 25704796 |
| [vaccinium myrtillus]. | | 2015 | 25702253 |
| dwarf shrub hydraulics: two vaccinium species (vaccinium myrtillus, vaccinium vitis-idaea) of the european alps compared. | vaccinium myrtillus and vaccinium vitis-idaea are two dwarf shrubs widespread in the european alps. we studied the hydraulics of these species hypothesizing that (1) the hydraulic architecture of dwarf shrubs differs from trees, (2) hydraulic properties reflect the species' ecological amplitude and (3) hydraulic properties vary spatially and seasonally. key hydraulic parameters (osmotic potential, turgor loss point, xylem hydraulic conductivity, vulnerability to drought-induced embolism, stomata ... | 2015 | 25677081 |
| vaccinium myrtillus extract prevents or delays the onset of diabetes--induced blood-retinal barrier breakdown. | many dietary supplements have been sold through advertising their large number of beneficial effects. the aim of this study was to determine whether bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus) help to prevent diabetes-induced retinal vascular dysfunction in vivo. v. myrtillus extract (vme; 100 mg/kg) was orally administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 6 weeks. all diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia, and vme did not affect the blood glucose levels and body weight during the experiments. i ... | 2015 | 25582181 |
| the (137)cs accumulation by forest-derived products in the gomel region. | this paper reports basic features of the (137)cs uptake by forest-derived products in the gomel region. even with the soil contamination density of 37 kbq m(-2) the radionuclide contents in 20-30% of mushrooms and berries were found to be higher than the admissible levels. the (137)cs contamination density of soil, site type and meteorological parameters were observed as the major factors which govern the radiocaesium uptake by mushrooms and berries. the (137)cs contents in forest-derived produc ... | 2014 | 23453660 |
| wild blueberries (vaccinium myrtillus) alleviate inflammation and hypertension associated with developing obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet. | low-grade metabolic inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involved in obesity-associated adverse health effects. berries, especially nordic wild blueberries (hereafter referred to as bilberries), represent an important source of dietary anthocyanins, a group of polyphenols with potential beneficial effects to combat obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. | 2014 | 25501421 |
| soil warming and co2 enrichment induce biomass shifts in alpine tree line vegetation. | responses of alpine tree line ecosystems to increasing atmospheric co2 concentrations and global warming are poorly understood. we used an experiment at the swiss tree line to investigate changes in vegetation biomass after 9 years of free air co2 enrichment (+200 ppm; 2001-2009) and 6 years of soil warming (+4 °c; 2007-2012). the study contained two key tree line species, larix decidua and pinus uncinata, both approximately 40 years old, growing in heath vegetation dominated by dwarf shrubs. in ... | 2015 | 25471674 |
| a cosmeceutical formulation based on boswellic acids for the treatment of erythematous eczema and psoriasis. | boswellic acids (bas) show anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and asthma. a topical administration route is currently used to deliver active compounds in psoriatic and eczematous patients. in this double-blind study we compare a novel ba formulation (containing bosexil(®), inci [international nomenclature of cosmetic ingredients]: lecithin, boswellia serrata resin extract) with a placebo formulation. a third arm of ... | 2014 | 25419153 |
| characterization of metabolite profiles of leaves of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.). | leaves of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.) are potential raw materials for food and health care products. targeted (hplc-dad, hplc-ms, and gc-fid) and nontargeted ((1)h nmr) approaches were applied to study the metabolomic profiles of these leaves. chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic compound in bilberry leaves and arbutin in lingonberry leaves. flavonol glycosides were another major group of phenolics in bilberry [5-28 mg/g dm (dry mass)] and ling ... | 2014 | 25408277 |
| bilberry adulteration: identification and chemical profiling of anthocyanins by different analytical methods. | extracts of the bilberry fruit have protective effects against retinopathy and vascular complications; therefore, they are important ingredients in food supplements. recently, there have been several reported cases of adulteration. thus, to characterize the anthocyanin profile, and the relative percentages of these pigments, this study analyzed bilberry fruits from different countries by liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and a mass spectrometer detector. a total of 15 antho ... | 2014 | 25365784 |
| a comparison of fruit quality parameters of wild bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) growing at different locations. | as a part of the ongoing interest in nutritional and nutraceutical properties of locally produced fruits, the aim of the article was to determine sugars, organic acids, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of wild bilberries grown in slovenia. primary and secondary metabolite composition of bilberry fruit was compared among six phyto-climatic conditions, differing in photosynthetic active radiation and light intensity. | 2015 | 25186189 |
| fractionation of an anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract and in vitro antioxidative activity testing. | the incidence of chronic diseases increases with advancing age of the population. a commonly discussed cause of chronic diseases is oxidative stress, which occurs in the body when there is an imbalance between the formation and inactivation of so-called reactive oxygen species (ros). epidemiological data suggest that a 'healthy diet', with a high content of flavonoids indicates preventive properties and correlates with an inverse effect with respect to the risk of chronic diseases. berries (espe ... | 2015 | 25149006 |
| health effects of vaccinium myrtillus l.: evaluation of efficacy and technological strategies for preservation of active ingredients. | bilberries are a rich dietary source of various phytonutrients, including anthocyanins which contribute greatly to their antioxidant capacity and have demonstrated a broad spectrum of biomedical functions. these include protection against cardiovascular disorders, age-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and several degenerative diseases. berry anthocyanins also improve neuronal and cognitive brain functions, ocular health as well as protecting genomic dna integrity. in recent years, ... | 2014 | 25052033 |
| enhanced uv-b and elevated co(2) impacts sub-arctic shrub berry abundance, quality and seed germination. | this study investigated the effects of long-term-enhanced uv-b, and combined uv-b with elevated co(2) on dwarf shrub berry characteristics in a sub-arctic heath community. germination of vaccinium myrtillus was enhanced in seeds produced at elevated uv-b, but seed numbers and berry size were unaffected. elevated uv-b and co(2) stimulated the abundance of v. myrtillus berries, whilst uv-b alone stimulated the berry abundance of v. vitis-idaea and empetrum hermaphroditum. enhanced uv-b reduced con ... | 2012 | 22864699 |
| growth and phenology of three dwarf shrub species in a six-year soil warming experiment at the alpine treeline. | global warming can have substantial impacts on the phenological and growth patterns of alpine and arctic species, resulting in shifts in plant community composition and ecosystem dynamics. we evaluated the effects of a six-year experimental soil warming treatment (+4°c, 2007-2012) on the phenology and growth of three co-dominant dwarf shrub species growing in the understory of larix decidua and pinus uncinata at treeline in the swiss alps. we monitored vegetative and reproductive phenology of va ... | 2014 | 24956273 |
| nitrogen-addition effects on leaf traits and photosynthetic carbon gain of boreal forest understory shrubs. | boreal coniferous forests are characterized by fairly open canopies where understory vegetation is an important component of ecosystem c and n cycling. we used an ecophysiological approach to study the effects of n additions on uptake and partitioning of c and n in two dominant understory shrubs: deciduous vaccinium myrtillus in a picea abies stand and evergreen vaccinium vitis-idaea in a pinus sylvestris stand in northern sweden. n was added to these stands for 16 and 8 years, respectively, at ... | 2014 | 24705693 |
| increased spring freezing vulnerability for alpine shrubs under early snowmelt. | alpine dwarf shrub communities are phenologically linked with snowmelt timing, so early spring exposure may increase risk of freezing damage during early development, and consequently reduce seasonal growth. we examined whether environmental factors (duration of snow cover, elevation) influenced size and the vulnerability of shrubs to spring freezing along elevational gradients and snow microhabitats by modelling the past frequency of spring freezing events. we sampled biomass and measured the s ... | 2014 | 24435708 |
| nanoberries for topical delivery of antioxidants. | with the aim of improving the antioxidant activity of polyphenols from blueberries (vaccinium myrtillus) on skin targets after topical application, ethanolic extracts from three blueberry varieties (named millenia, o'neal, and blue crisp) were loaded into ultradeformable liposomes. these nanocarriers are known to be capable of penetrating through the stratum corneum reaching its deeper layers and the viable epidermis. on the other hand, blueberries contain large amounts of polyphenols, whose ant ... | 2016 | 24397884 |
| metabolite profiling of polyphenols in vaccinium berries and determination of their chemopreventive properties. | a detailed investigation on the chemical composition and chemopreventive activity of vaccinium floribundum kunth berries was carried out in comparison with vaccinium myrtillus l. berry polyphenols were extracted by using two sequential dynamic maceration steps, which enabled to maximize the yields of secondary metabolites. in particular, phenolic acids and flavonols were extracted from berries using ethyl acetate (etoac), whereas anthocyanins were extracted from the residue with 0.6m hcl in meth ... | 2014 | 24316426 |
| bergman spaces of natural g-manifolds. | let g be a unimodular lie group, x a compact manifold with boundary, and m the total space of a principal bundle [formula: see text] so that m is also a strongly pseudoconvex complex manifold. in this work, we show that if there exists a point [formula: see text] such that [formula: see text] is contained in the complex tangent space [formula: see text] of bm at p, then the bergman space of m is large. natural examples include the gauged g-complexifications of heinzner, huckleberry, and kutzsche ... | 2013 | 24222924 |
| protective effect of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) on cisplatin induced ovarian damage in rat. | cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents but injury may occur at higher doses. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bilberry on cisplatin induced toxic effects in rat ovary. twenty-one female wistar-albino rats were utilized to form three groups: in group 1 (control group), each rat received intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml of 0.9 % nacl saline solution during 10-days. in group 2 (cisplatin group), a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg b.w. cisplatin was given. in g ... | 2014 | 23959170 |
| development of a novel adsorptive membrane chromatographic method for the fractionation of polyphenols from bilberry. | a novel membrane chromatographic method with a membrane adsorber (sartobind s) has been developed on the laboratory scale that allows a fractionation of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) constituents into the following three groups of polyphenols: anthocyanins, copigments, and polymers. by using this methodology, a pure anthocyanin fraction free of other copigments and polymeric phenols can be obtained. using this approach, it provides fractions allowing a more thorough testing of the biological ef ... | 2012 | 22309451 |
| preparation and comparative release characteristics of three anthocyanin encapsulation systems. | bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and their major polyphenolic constituents, anthocyanins, have preventive activities inter alia against colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. however, anthocyanins are sensitive to environmental conditions; thus their bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract is an important determinant of their in vivo activity. in the study reported here, the potential benefits of encapsulating an anthocyanin rich bilberry extract (be) on anthocyanin stability wer ... | 2012 | 22224434 |
| guild composition and habitat use of voles in 2 forest landscapes in south-eastern norway. | it is widely believed that intensive forestry has influenced small mammal population dynamics, and thereby the entire mammalian community in fennoscandian boreal forests. the nature of these impacts on the different species is subject to debate. we live-trapped voles between 2006 and 2009 in 2 commercially harvested forests in south-eastern norway. we investigated the variation in vole abundance among habitat types (e.g. mature forest and clear-cut) and the hypothesis that graminivorous species ... | 2011 | 22182322 |
| phenolic distribution in liquid preparations of vaccinium myrtillus l. and vaccinium vitis idaea l. | liquid preparations such as tinctures and 'bud extracts' of bilberry and lingonberry are typical products used in some european countries but they have not been widely studied to date. | 2013 | 23868799 |
| anti-hyperglycemic effect of vaccinium arctostaphylos in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized controlled trial. | type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common disease. preliminary data indicate that vaccinium arctostaphylos l. (caucasian whortleberry) has a potential effect in glycemic control. thus, the efficacy and safety of a standardized whortleberry fruit hydroalcoholic extract in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients were studied. | 2013 | 23727759 |
| improved lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients taking vaccinium arctostaphylos fruit hydroalcoholic extract: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. | dyslipidemia is a common contributory cause of cardiovascular disease. vaccinium arctostaphylos l. (caucasian whortleberry) fruit is rich of anthocyanins. anthocyanins may exert cardioprotective effects by various mechanisms such as favorably modulating dyslipidemia. therefore, in this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial with hyperlipidemic (hypercholesterolemic and/or hypertriglyceridemic) patients aged 20-60 years, the effects of taking a standardized whortleberry fruit h ... | 2014 | 23686894 |
| effect of microformulation on the bioactivity of an anthocyanin-rich bilberry pomace extract ( vaccinium myrtillus l.) in vitro. | in cell culture were compared the different release rates of anthocyanins from a bilberry pomace extract encapsulated either in food grade whey protein-based matrix capsules (wpc) or in pectin amid-based hollow spherical capsules (phs). the impact of the formulations on typical anthocyanin-associated biological end points such as inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) and suppression of cell growth in ht29 colon carcinoma cells was assessed. the purpose was to find whether the ... | 2013 | 23581244 |
| nutritional profile and productivity of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) in different habitats of a protected area of the eastern italian alps. | plant productivity and fruit quality in terms of occurrence of mineral elements and metabolites were determined on wild bilberry growing in open and forest stands in a protected area of n-italy. plant productivity was significantly higher in open stands (3 ± 2.5 compared with 0.03 ± 0.05 fruits per plant) suggesting that both collections in the wild and semi-wild cultivation should be planned in open habitats. results obtained by ionomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that high quality fruit ... | 2013 | 23573813 |
| outcomes in patients with nonerosive reflux disease treated with a proton pump inhibitor and alginic acid ± glycyrrhetinic acid and anthocyanosides. | the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of alginic acid alone versus alginic acid combined with low doses of pure glycyrrhetinic acid and bilberry anthocyanosides as an addon to conventional proton pump inhibitor therapy in relieving symptoms associated with nonerosive reflux disease. | 2013 | 23569394 |
| an alpine treeline in a carbon dioxide-rich world: synthesis of a nine-year free-air carbon dioxide enrichment study. | we evaluated the impacts of elevated co2 in a treeline ecosystem in the swiss alps in a 9-year free-air co2 enrichment (face) study. we present new data and synthesize plant and soil results from the entire experimental period. light-saturated photosynthesis (a max) of ca. 35-year-old larix decidua and pinus uncinata was stimulated by elevated co2 throughout the experiment. slight down-regulation of photosynthesis in pinus was consistent with starch accumulation in needle tissue. above-ground gr ... | 2013 | 23340765 |
| a comparative study of heavy metal accumulation and antioxidant responses in vaccinium myrtillus l. leaves in polluted and non-polluted areas. | the purpose of this study was to explore a possible relationship between the availability of metals in soil (cd, fe, mn, pb and zn) and their concentrations in leaves of vaccinium myrtillus l. as a species which has been reported to be a successful colonist of acid-and-heavy metal-contaminated soil. analysis also concerned the antioxidant response of plants from three heavily polluted (immediate vicinity of: zinc smelter, iron smelter and power plant) and three relatively clean sites (nature res ... | 2013 | 23319337 |
| a single supplement of a standardised bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) extract (36 % wet weight anthocyanins) modifies glycaemic response in individuals with type 2 diabetes controlled by diet and lifestyle. | dietary strategies for alleviating health complications associated with type 2 diabetes (t2d) are being pursued as alternatives to pharmaceutical interventions. berries such as bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus l.) that are rich in polyphenols may influence carbohydrate digestion and absorption and thus postprandial glycaemia. in addition, berries have been reported to alter incretins as well as to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may also affect postprandial glycaemia. the p ... | 2013 | 25191571 |
| pressure and temperature effects on degradation kinetics and storage stability of total anthocyanins in blueberry juice. | the degradation kinetics of total anthocyanins in blueberry (vaccinium myrtillus) juice were studied during thermal processing by treatment at selected temperatures (60-121 °c) and combined high pressure-temperature processing (100-700 mpa, 40-121 °c). anthocyanin stability was also studied for several of these treatments during storage at 4, 25, and 40 °c. both pressure and temperature increased d, the degradation rate of total anthocyanins in blueberry juice, meaning that at constant temperatu ... | 2010 | 20735132 |
| phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) leaves in northern europe following foliar development and along environmental gradients. | bilberry is a characteristic field layer species in the boreal forests and is an important forage plant for herbivores of the north european ecosystem. bilberry leaves contain high levels of phenolic compounds, especially hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, catechins, and proanthocyanidins. we investigated the phenolic composition of bilberry leaves in two studies, one following foliar development in forest and open areas, and the other along a wide geographical gradient from south to north boreal ... | 2010 | 20721607 |
| anthocyanins, but not anthocyanidins, from bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) alleviate pruritus via inhibition of mast cell degranulation. | we have previously reported that bilberry anthocyanins exhibit an anti-pruritic effect in a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis. it has been reported that anthocyanins are particularly sensitive to thermal treatment and are easily hydrolyzed to anthocyanidins when exposed to high temperatures. the objective of this study was to compare the anti-pruritic effect of anthocyanin-rich quality-controlled bilberry extract and anthocyanidin-rich degraded extract using a mouse model of allergic co ... | 2012 | 23164040 |
| triterpenoid content of berries and leaves of bilberry vaccinium myrtillus from finland and poland. | triterpenoid compounds found in free and ester forms in extracts of entire fruits and leaves and in fruit and leaf cuticular waxes of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) collected in finland and poland were identified and quantitated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled to a flame ionization detector (gc-ms/fid). the main bilberry triterpenoid profile consisted of α- and β-amyrin, α- and β-amyrenone, campesterol, cholesterol, citrostadienol (in berries), cycloartanol, erythrodiol, lupeo ... | 2012 | 23157739 |
| effects of temperature and photoperiod on yield and chemical composition of northern and southern clones of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.). | after pollination outdoors, individual bilberry plants from two northern and two southern clones were studied for climatic effects on berry yield and quality in a controlled phytotrone experiment at 12 and 18 °c. at each temperature, the following light treatments were tested: (1) 12 h natural light, (2) 24 h natural light, and (3) 24 h natural light plus red light. the first experimental year there was no difference in yield between temperatures; however, the second experimental year the berry ... | 2012 | 23033879 |
| bilberries potentially alleviate stress-related retinal gene expression induced by a high-fat diet in mice. | obesity- and diabetes-associated visual impairment and vascular dysfunctions are increasing as causes of vision loss. the detailed mechanisms of how obesity and diabetes affect eye health are still largely unknown, but animal models have been useful in exploring the effects of potential protective compounds, i.e., compounds characterized by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. these properties occur in anthocyanins, and bilberries (european wild blueberries, vaccinium myrtillus) are a m ... | 2012 | 22993483 |
| bilberries reduce low-grade inflammation in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome. | low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of cardiometabolic risk. bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus) are rich in polyphenols with potential anti-inflammatory properties. we studied the impact of bilberries on inflammation and gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in subjects with metabolic syndrome. | 2012 | 22961907 |
| protective effects of bilberry and lingonberry extracts against blue light-emitting diode light-induced retinal photoreceptor cell damage in vitro. | blue light is a high-energy or short-wavelength visible light, which induces retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea) contain high amounts of polyphenols (anthocyanins, resveratrol, and proanthocyanidins) and thus confer health benefits. this study aimed to determine the protective effects and mechanism of action of bilberry extract (b-ext) and lingonberry extract (l-ext) and thei ... | 2014 | 24690313 |
| vaccinium myrtillus leaves and frangula alnus bark derived extracts as potential antistaphylococcal agents. | due to constantly increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogens and participation of the biofilms they make in various types of infections, a development of alternative therapeutic strategies becomes an urgent need. taking advantage of the biological activity of plant-derived compounds can solve this problem. in this study antimicrobial, including those synergistic with classic antibiotics, and cytotoxic properties of newly-obtained extracts from vaccinium myrtillus leaves (vle) and frangula aln ... | 2014 | 24649485 |
| protective effect of vaccinium myrtillus extract against uva- and uvb-induced damage in a human keratinocyte cell line (hacat cells). | recently, the field of skin protection have shown a considerable interest in the use of botanicals. vaccinium myrtillus contains several polyphenols and anthocyanins with multiple pharmacological properties. the purpose of our study was to examine whether a water-soluble v. myrtillus extract (dry matter 12.4%; total polyphenols 339.3mg/100 g fw; total anthocyanins 297.4 mg/100 g fw) was able to reduce uva- and uvb-induced damage using a human keratinocyte cell line (hacat). hacat cells were pret ... | 2014 | 24577051 |
| direct effects of vaccinium myrtillus l. fruit extracts on rat heart mitochondrial functions. | in this study, the direct influence of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) fruit extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) rich in anthocyanins on the oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat heart mitochondria was investigated in vitro. higher concentrations of bilberry extracts concentration-dependently inhibited mitochondrial state 3 respiration (by 23%-61%) with pyruvate plus malate, mildly (by 1.2- to 1.3-fold) uncoupled the oxidative phosphorylation, and increased (by 30%-87%) the state 4 respiration r ... | 2013 | 22628017 |
| ascorbic acid metabolism during bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) fruit development. | bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) possesses a high antioxidant capacity in berries due to the presence of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid (asa). accumulation of asa and the expression of the genes encoding the enzymes of the main asa biosynthetic route and of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, as well as the activities of the enzymes involved in asa oxidation and recycling were investigated for the first time during the development and ripening of bilberry fruit. the results showed that the asa lev ... | 2012 | 22608079 |
| impacts of winter icing events on the growth, phenology and physiology of sub-arctic dwarf shrubs. | the arctic is experiencing the greatest climate change in winter, including increases in freeze-thaw cycles that can result in ice encasement of vegetation. ice encasement can expose plants to hypoxia and greater temperature extremes, but currently the impacts of icing on plants in the field remain little understood. with this in mind, a unique field manipulation experiment was established in heathland in northern sweden with ice encasement simulated in early march 2008, 2009 and 2010 until natu ... | 2012 | 22568724 |
| is the degree of clonality of forest herbs dependent on gap age? using fingerprinting approaches to assess optimum successional stages for montane forest herbs. | using molecular fingerprinting (amplified fragment length polymorphism [aflp] method), we explored the potential of small-scale population analysis for understanding colonization patterns of herb layer species in forests after canopy disturbance. we investigated three common forest understorey species with different life forms (trientalis europaea, calamagrostis villosa, and vaccinium myrtillus) in the harz mountains in germany in three different gap age classes and undisturbed forest. for two o ... | 2011 | 22393501 |
| element interactions and soil properties affecting the soil-to-plant transfer of six elements relevant to radioactive waste in boreal forest. | cobalt (co), lead (pb), molybdenum (mo), nickel (ni), uranium (u), and zinc (zn) are among the elements that have radioactive isotopes in radioactive waste. soil-to-plant transfer is a key process for possible adverse effects if these radionuclides are accidentally released into the environment. the present study aimed at investigating factors affecting such transfer in boreal forest. the plant species studied were blueberry (vaccinium myrtillus), may lily (maianthemum bifolium), narrow buckler ... | 2012 | 22130976 |
| absence of snow cover reduces understory plant cover and alters plant community composition in boreal forests. | snow regimes affect biogeochemistry of boreal ecosystems and are altered by climate change. the effects on plant communities, however, are largely unexplored despite their influence on relevant processes. here, the impact of snow cover on understory community composition and below-ground production in a boreal picea abies forest was investigated using a long-term (8-year) snow cover manipulation experiment consisting of the treatments: snow removal, increased insulation (styrofoam pellets), and ... | 2012 | 21850524 |
| exploring the park-people relation: collection of vaccinium myrtillus l. by local people from kopaonik national park in serbia. | exploitation of certain resources within a protected area on a sustainable basis could contribute to higher living standards of rural people, particularly those in poor countries, and decrease conflicts between these populations and park authorities. this article presents data from a case study of kopaonik national park (np), serbia, which is a park with natural resources, most notably bilberries, which have always been relied on by local people. vaccinium myrtillus traditionally has been collec ... | 2011 | 21800263 |
| growth and community responses of alpine dwarf shrubs to in situ co₂ enrichment and soil warming. | • rising co₂ concentrations and the associated global warming are expected to have large impacts on high-elevation ecosystems, yet long-term multifactor experiments in these environments are rare. • we investigated how growth of dominant dwarf shrub species (vaccinium myrtillus, vaccinium gaultherioides and empetrum hermaphroditum) and community composition in the understorey of larch and pine trees responded to 9 yr of co₂ enrichment and 3 yr of soil warming at the treeline in the swiss alps. • ... | 2011 | 21770945 |
| [the major sources of daily dietary intake of micronutrients in the adult rural population of the republic of chuvashia]. | the paper presents the results of determination of the basic sources of micronutrients in the nutrition of the rural population of the chuvash republic. the importance of foodstuffs, the sources of nutrients, was determined by factor mathematical analysis, by estimating the weight factors. all the products used in the daily ration were studied, which permitted elucidation of the importance of individual russia-specific products. by reason of the uniform pattern of nutrition in chuvashia, virtual ... | 2007 | 17526227 |
| interactions between gray-sided voles (clethrionomys rufucanus) and bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus), their main winter food plant. | we compared the abundance, population structure and palatability of bilberry ramets on vole-free islands, islands with voles but no predators (predator-free islands) and mainland sites with both voles and predators. as expected, bilberry biomass was strongly correlated with the herbivory pressure exerted by the voles, since it was significantly lower on the mainland, and much (>80%) lower on the predator-free islands, than on the vole-free islands. however, another finding, which conflicts with ... | 2007 | 17287954 |
| variation in transfer factor of radiocaesium in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) in clear cut and mature forest sites after the chernobyl accident. | bank voles that were collected between 1986 and 2004 at sites in chernobyl fallout areas of northern sweden showed higher (137)cs activity concentrations at the mature forest sites compared to clear cuts. this difference was not attributed to differences in ground deposition between sites but to differences in aggregated transfer rates to voles. differences in transfer between forest types were evident for all years 1986-2004 but the change occurred at different rates in the two habitats. the ap ... | 2007 | 17137685 |
| bilberry adulteration using the food dye amaranth. | vaccinium myrtillus or bilberry fruit is a commonly used herbal product. the usual method of determining the anthocyanin content is a single-wavelength spectrophotometric assay. using this method, anthocyanin levels of two extracts were found to be 25% as claimed by the manufacturers. when high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) was used, however, one extract was found to contain 9% anthocyanins probably not derived from v. myrtillus but from an adulterant. this adulterant was subsequently ... | 2006 | 16968108 |
| explaining bank vole cycles in southern norway 1980-2004 from bilberry reports 1932-1977 and climate. | correlations between mast fruiting of bilberry vaccinium myrtillus and peak levels of clethrionomys-voles have been reported from both norway and finland, but there has been a discussion whether this is a bottom-up or a top-down relationship. in a multiple regression model, 65% of the variation in a bilberry production index calculated from game reports from southern norway 1932-1977 could be explained by the berry index of the two preceding years and climate factors acting during key stages of ... | 2006 | 16344969 |
| tooth brushing, oil pulling and tissue regeneration: a review of holistic approaches to oral health. | even though dentistry was not a specialized branch of ayurveda, it is included in its shalakya tantra (system of surgery). problems such as deformities of the oral cavity, plaques and infections were managed in ancient india. traditional medicine can treat various infectious and chronic conditions. research has shown that all kinds of chewing sticks described in ancient ayurveda texts have medicinal and anti-cariogenic properties. its oil pulling (kaval, gandush) practice is claimed to cure abou ... | 2011 | 21760690 |
| palaeomagnetic analysis of the sterkfontein palaeocave deposits: implications for the age of the hominin fossils and stone tool industries. | palaeomagnetic analysis was conducted on speleothems from members 1-5 at sterkfontein cave, south africa. palaeomagnetic analysis of siltstone and speleothem from the bulk of member 4 indicate a reversed magnetic polarity that dates the deposits and its australopithecus africanus fossils to between 2.58 and ~2.16 ma. further confirmation of this age comes in the form of two short normal polarity events correlated to the rèunion (~2.16 ma) and huckleberry ridge (~2.05 ma) events in speleothem cap ... | 2011 | 21392817 |
| growth and reproduction of the alpine grasshopper miramella alpina feeding on co2-enriched dwarf shrubs at treeline. | the consequences for plant-insect interactions of atmospheric changes in alpine ecosystems are not well understood. here, we tested the effects of elevated co(2) on leaf quality in two dwarf shrub species (vaccinium myrtillus and v. uliginosum) and the response of the alpine grasshopper (miramella alpina) feeding on these plants in a field experiment at the alpine treeline (2,180 m a.s.l.) in davos, switzerland. relative growth rates (rgr) of m. alpina nymphs were lower when they were feeding on ... | 2005 | 15480804 |
| phenolic compounds in berries and flowers of a natural hybrid between bilberry and lingonberry (vaccinium × intermedium ruthe). | hybridization between species plays an important role in the evolution of secondary metabolites and in the formation of combinations of existing secondary metabolites in plants. we have investigated the content of phenolic compounds in berries and flowers of vaccinium×intermedium ruthe, which is a rare natural hybrid between bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.). the berries and flowers of the hybrid showed characteristics inherited from both parent species ... | 2011 | 21382629 |
| transfer of elements relevant to radioactive waste from soil to five boreal plant species. | in long-term safety assessment models for radioactive waste disposal, uptake of radionuclides by plants is an important process with possible adverse effects in ecosystems. cobalt-60, (59,63)ni, (93)mo, and (210)pb are examples of long-living radionuclides present in nuclear waste. the soil-to-plant transfer of stable cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and lead and their distribution across plant parts were investigated in blueberry (vaccinium myrtillus), may lily (maianthemum bifolium), narrow buckler ... | 2011 | 21190719 |
| effects of latitude-related factors and geographical origin on anthocyanidin concentrations in fruits of vaccinium myrtillus l. (bilberries). | two data sets are presented to identify the effect of growth location and origin of parental plant on anthocyanidin concentrations in vaccinium myrtillus fruits. bilberries were collected from wild populations growing at different latitudes and from cultivated plants originating from different geographical locations but grown in the same location for over 10 years. high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that anthocyanidin concentrations varied significantly with latitude and with ... | 2010 | 20958057 |
| a squamosa mads box gene involved in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in bilberry fruits. | anthocyanins are important health-promoting phytochemicals that are abundant in many fleshy fruits. bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) is one of the best sources of these compounds. here, we report on the expression pattern and functional analysis of a squamosa-class mads box transcription factor, vmtdr4, associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in bilberry. levels of vmtdr4 expression were spatially and temporally linked with color development and anthocyanin-related gene expression. virus-induced ... | 2010 | 20566708 |
| vaccinium myrtillus as an antidiabetic medicinal plant--research through the ages. | bilberry leaves (vaccinium myrtillus l.) were one of the most frequently used antidiabetic remedies of plant origin before the discovery of insulin. during the last century, many animal, clinical and phytochemical studies have been undertaken with this plant and its extracts and are summarized here. overall, it must be concluded that the results were more or less disappointing and could not support the traditional use of bilberry leaves against diabetes mellitus which is sometimes recommended ev ... | 2010 | 20503920 |
| impacts of extreme winter warming events on plant physiology in a sub-arctic heath community. | insulation provided by snow cover and tolerance of freezing by physiological acclimation allows arctic plants to survive cold winter temperatures. however, both the protection mechanisms may be lost with winter climate change, especially during extreme winter warming events where loss of snow cover from snow melt results in exposure of plants to warm temperatures and then returning extreme cold in the absence of insulating snow. these events cause considerable damage to arctic plants, but physio ... | 2010 | 20497369 |
| drought tolerance of juvenile and mature leaves of a deciduous dwarf shrub vaccinium myrtillus l. in a boreal environment. | the difference between drought tolerance of juvenile and mature leaves of the winter-deciduous dwarf shrub bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) from a northern boreal environment was investigated. it was hypothesised that mature leaves are more drought sensitive than juvenile leaves. bilberry plants were allowed to dry out by excluding irrigation when leaves were at juvenile and mature stages. tissue water content decreased at both phenological stages, but the response was more pronounced in the ma ... | 2010 | 20169457 |
| changes in antioxidative capacity of saithe (pollachius virens) and shrimp (pandalus borealis) during in vitro digestion. | the health effects of seafood have primarily been linked to eicosapentaenoic acid (epa; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha; 22:6n-3). these omega-3 fatty acids are highly susceptible to oxidation. peptides exhibiting antioxidative capacity (aoc) are encrypted in seafood muscle proteins. such components may protect the fatty acids during digestion and uptake, as well as exhibit antioxidative effects in general. the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) assay and the ferric reducing antiox ... | 2009 | 19845349 |
| identification of phenolic compounds from lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.), bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and hybrid bilberry (vaccinium x intermedium ruthe l.) leaves. | phenolic compounds from leaves of lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.), bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.), and the natural hybrid of bilberry and lingonberry (vaccinium x intermedium ruthe l., hybrid bilberry) were identified using lc/tof-ms and lc/ms/ms after extraction from the plant material in methanol in an ultrasonicator. the phenolic profiles in the plants were compared using the lc/tof-ms responses. this is the first thorough report of phenolic compounds in hybrid bilberry. in total, 5 ... | 2009 | 19788243 |
| nitrogen niches revealed through species and functional group removal in a boreal shrub community. | most theories attempting to explain the coexistence of species in local communities make fundamental assumptions regarding whether neighbors exhibit competitive, neutral, or positive resource-use interactions; however, few long-term data from naturally assembled plant communities exist to test these assumptions. we utilized a 13-year experiment consisting of factorial removal of three shrub species (vaccinium myrtillus, v. vitis-idaea, and empetrum hermaphroditum) and factorial removal of two fu ... | 2012 | 22919915 |
| modulation of inflammatory gene expression by a bilberry ( vaccinium myrtillus l.) extract and single anthocyanins considering their limited stability under cell culture conditions. | studies with nonintestinal models indicate that anthocyanin-rich extracts can modulate inflammatory gene expression and may help prevent development of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd). this work investigated the influence of a bilberry ( vaccinium myrtillus l.) extract (be) and comprising anthocyanins on pro-inflammatory genes in ifn-γ/il-1β/tnf-α stimulated human colon epithelial cells (t84) by qrt-pcr and cytokine arrays. moreover, the stability of selected anthocyanins under cell culture co ... | 2012 | 22913378 |
| bilberry ingestion improves disease activity in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis - an open pilot study. | a significant fraction of patients with ulcerative colitis (uc) is not sufficiently controlled with conventional therapy or suffers from therapy related side effects. anthocyanins, highly abundant in bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus), were shown to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. we aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of bilberries in active uc. | 2013 | 22883440 |