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the (137)cs accumulation by forest-derived products in the gomel region.this paper reports basic features of the (137)cs uptake by forest-derived products in the gomel region. even with the soil contamination density of 37 kbq m(-2) the radionuclide contents in 20-30% of mushrooms and berries were found to be higher than the admissible levels. the (137)cs contamination density of soil, site type and meteorological parameters were observed as the major factors which govern the radiocaesium uptake by mushrooms and berries. the (137)cs contents in forest-derived produc ...201423453660
effect of plant extracts on h2o2-induced inflammatory gene expression in macrophages.arctium lappa (al), camellia sinensis (cs), echinacea angustifolia, eleutherococcus senticosus, panax ginseng (pg), and vaccinium myrtillus (vm) are plants traditionally used in many herbal formulations for the treatment of various conditions. although they are well known and already studied for their anti-inflammatory properties, their effects on h2o2-stimulated macrophages are a novel area of study.201425075197
biological availability of (238)u, (234)u and (226)ra for wild berries and meadow grasses in natural ecosystems of belarus.this work is devoted to investigation of behavior of (234)u, (238)u and (226)ra by determining the soil to plant transfer under different natural conditions such as forest or swamped areas and meadow lands with different soil types. the paper summarizes the data on investigation of uranium and radium uptake by wild berries and natural meadow grasses in the typical conditions of belarus. parameters characterizing the biological availability of (234)u, (238)u and (226)ra for bilberry (vaccinium my ...201423871250
promising results of cranberry in the prevention of oral candida biofilms.in the context of dental caries prevention by natural foodstuff sources, antifungal and antibiofilm activities of dry commercial extracts of cranberry fruit (vaccinium macrocarpon aiton) and two other red fruits (vaccinium myrtillus l. and malpighia punicifolia l.) were assessed on candida albicans and candida glabrata yeasts. when added to the culture medium, the cranberry extract displayed a significant anti-adhesion activity against candida spp. when used at low concentrations. in addition, t ...201424623607
anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins-rich extract from bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) on croton oil-induced ear edema and propionibacterium acnes plus lps-induced liver damage in mice.bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) has been known to play a protective role in human health due to its high anthocyanin content. this study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of bilberry extract (be, containing 42.04% anthocyanin) on propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) plus lipopolysaccharide (lps) induced liver injury and croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. results showed that be could effectively inhibit croton oil-induced ear edema and liver inflammation provoked by p. acnes plus lps, ...201424548119
effects of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) in combination with lactic acid bacteria on intestinal oxidative stress induced by ischemia-reperfusion in mouse.intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (i/r) results in oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue injuries. the present study investigates the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of a dietary supplement of bilberry, either alone or in combination with lactobacillus plantarum reso56, l. plantarum heal19, or pediococcus acidilactici jam046, in an i/r-induced model for oxidative stress in mice. a bilberry diet without addition of bacteria significantly decreased both lipid peroxidation (p = 0.001 ...201323488931
adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews.this overview of systematic reviews (srs) aims to evaluate critically the evidence regarding the adverse effects of herbal medicines (hms). five electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant srs, with 50 srs of 50 different hms meeting our inclusion criteria. most had only minor weaknesses in methods. serious adverse effects were noted only for four hms: herbae pulvis standardisatus, larrea tridentate, piper methysticum and cassia senna. the most severe adverse effects were liver o ...201323472485
samital®: a new botanical drug for the treatment of mucositis induced by oncological therapies.samital(®) (indena spa, milan, italy) is a new multicomponent and multiacting botanical formulation rationally designed for the relief of oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in oncological patients. each of the individual botanical constituents of samital-standardized extracts of vaccinium myrtillus, macleaya cordata and echinacea angustifolia have a long history of clinical use that corroborates their safety and activity in samital. a number of pilot trials in oncological ...201324156331
a simple gc-ms method for the screening of betulinic, corosolic, maslinic, oleanolic and ursolic acid contents in commercial botanicals used as food supplement ingredients.the occurrence of triterpene pentacyclic acids in plants is extensive, but little is known about their availability in commercial extracts. a simple gc-ms method for the simultaneous determination of betulinic, corosolic, maslinic, oleanolic and ursolic acids was developed and applied to 38 different commercial plant extracts sold as ingredients for dietary supplements. a suitable protocol was set up to perform routine control of a diverse array of samples with different botanical, chemical and ...201323122121
relationship between polyphenol content and anti-influenza viral effects of berries.berries are known to have many kinds of biological activities. we focused on their antiviral effect, which has not yet been well evaluated.201323355221
a c-repeat binding factor transcriptional activator (cbf/dreb1) from european bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) induces freezing tolerance when expressed in arabidopsis thaliana.freezing stress affects all plants from temperate zones to the poles. global climate change means such freezing events are becoming less predictable. this in turn reduces the ability of plants to predict the approaching low temperatures and cold acclimate. this has consequences for crop yields and distribution of wild plant species. c-repeat binding factors (cbfs) are transcription factors previously shown to play a vital role in the acclimation process of arabidopsis thaliana, controlling the e ...201323349799
an alpine treeline in a carbon dioxide-rich world: synthesis of a nine-year free-air carbon dioxide enrichment study.we evaluated the impacts of elevated co2 in a treeline ecosystem in the swiss alps in a 9-year free-air co2 enrichment (face) study. we present new data and synthesize plant and soil results from the entire experimental period. light-saturated photosynthesis (a max) of ca. 35-year-old larix decidua and pinus uncinata was stimulated by elevated co2 throughout the experiment. slight down-regulation of photosynthesis in pinus was consistent with starch accumulation in needle tissue. above-ground gr ...201323340765
a comparative study of heavy metal accumulation and antioxidant responses in vaccinium myrtillus l. leaves in polluted and non-polluted areas.the purpose of this study was to explore a possible relationship between the availability of metals in soil (cd, fe, mn, pb and zn) and their concentrations in leaves of vaccinium myrtillus l. as a species which has been reported to be a successful colonist of acid-and-heavy metal-contaminated soil. analysis also concerned the antioxidant response of plants from three heavily polluted (immediate vicinity of: zinc smelter, iron smelter and power plant) and three relatively clean sites (nature res ...201323319337
a single supplement of a standardised bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) extract (36 % wet weight anthocyanins) modifies glycaemic response in individuals with type 2 diabetes controlled by diet and lifestyle.dietary strategies for alleviating health complications associated with type 2 diabetes (t2d) are being pursued as alternatives to pharmaceutical interventions. berries such as bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus l.) that are rich in polyphenols may influence carbohydrate digestion and absorption and thus postprandial glycaemia. in addition, berries have been reported to alter incretins as well as to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may also affect postprandial glycaemia. the p ...201325191571
bilberry ingestion improves disease activity in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis - an open pilot study.a significant fraction of patients with ulcerative colitis (uc) is not sufficiently controlled with conventional therapy or suffers from therapy related side effects. anthocyanins, highly abundant in bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus), were shown to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. we aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of bilberries in active uc.201322883440
direct effects of vaccinium myrtillus l. fruit extracts on rat heart mitochondrial functions.in this study, the direct influence of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) fruit extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) rich in anthocyanins on the oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat heart mitochondria was investigated in vitro. higher concentrations of bilberry extracts concentration-dependently inhibited mitochondrial state 3 respiration (by 23%-61%) with pyruvate plus malate, mildly (by 1.2- to 1.3-fold) uncoupled the oxidative phosphorylation, and increased (by 30%-87%) the state 4 respiration r ...201322628017
effect of microformulation on the bioactivity of an anthocyanin-rich bilberry pomace extract ( vaccinium myrtillus l.) in vitro.in cell culture were compared the different release rates of anthocyanins from a bilberry pomace extract encapsulated either in food grade whey protein-based matrix capsules (wpc) or in pectin amid-based hollow spherical capsules (phs). the impact of the formulations on typical anthocyanin-associated biological end points such as inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) and suppression of cell growth in ht29 colon carcinoma cells was assessed. the purpose was to find whether the ...201323581244
nutritional profile and productivity of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) in different habitats of a protected area of the eastern italian alps.plant productivity and fruit quality in terms of occurrence of mineral elements and metabolites were determined on wild bilberry growing in open and forest stands in a protected area of n-italy. plant productivity was significantly higher in open stands (3 ± 2.5 compared with 0.03 ± 0.05 fruits per plant) suggesting that both collections in the wild and semi-wild cultivation should be planned in open habitats. results obtained by ionomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that high quality fruit ...201323573813
outcomes in patients with nonerosive reflux disease treated with a proton pump inhibitor and alginic acid ± glycyrrhetinic acid and anthocyanosides.the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of alginic acid alone versus alginic acid combined with low doses of pure glycyrrhetinic acid and bilberry anthocyanosides as an addon to conventional proton pump inhibitor therapy in relieving symptoms associated with nonerosive reflux disease.201323569394
phenolic distribution in liquid preparations of vaccinium myrtillus l. and vaccinium vitis idaea l.liquid preparations such as tinctures and 'bud extracts' of bilberry and lingonberry are typical products used in some european countries but they have not been widely studied to date.201323868799
changes in the abscisic acid levels and related gene expression during fruit development and ripening in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.).abscisic acid (aba) is a natural plant hormone playing an important role in many physiological processes including fruit ripening and is also recently found to be potential for biomedical applications. this study was aimed to measure aba levels and its biosynthesis in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.), which is one of the best sources of anthocyanins. five aba biosynthetic genes were isolated from bilberry and their expression profiles were studied in bilberry tissues, particularly during berry ...201323850079
anti-hyperglycemic effect of vaccinium arctostaphylos in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized controlled trial.type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common disease. preliminary data indicate that vaccinium arctostaphylos l. (caucasian whortleberry) has a potential effect in glycemic control. thus, the efficacy and safety of a standardized whortleberry fruit hydroalcoholic extract in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients were studied.201323727759
bergman spaces of natural g-manifolds.let g be a unimodular lie group, x a compact manifold with boundary, and m the total space of a principal bundle [formula: see text] so that m is also a strongly pseudoconvex complex manifold. in this work, we show that if there exists a point [formula: see text] such that [formula: see text] is contained in the complex tangent space [formula: see text] of bm at p, then the bergman space of m is large. natural examples include the gauged g-complexifications of heinzner, huckleberry, and kutzsche ...201324222924
marking twain.the first of the following two narratives is a personal reflection by the instructor of "narrative approaches to bioethics," an elective in the phd program at the albert gnaegi center for health care ethics at saint louis university. the author argues that perhaps the primary goal of medical ethics education should be to show how to construct plausible and defensible interpretations of human experience and sensibly resolve the problems that these happenings occasion. to that end, the author enga ...201324101300
element interactions and soil properties affecting the soil-to-plant transfer of six elements relevant to radioactive waste in boreal forest.cobalt (co), lead (pb), molybdenum (mo), nickel (ni), uranium (u), and zinc (zn) are among the elements that have radioactive isotopes in radioactive waste. soil-to-plant transfer is a key process for possible adverse effects if these radionuclides are accidentally released into the environment. the present study aimed at investigating factors affecting such transfer in boreal forest. the plant species studied were blueberry (vaccinium myrtillus), may lily (maianthemum bifolium), narrow buckler ...201222130976
absence of snow cover reduces understory plant cover and alters plant community composition in boreal forests.snow regimes affect biogeochemistry of boreal ecosystems and are altered by climate change. the effects on plant communities, however, are largely unexplored despite their influence on relevant processes. here, the impact of snow cover on understory community composition and below-ground production in a boreal picea abies forest was investigated using a long-term (8-year) snow cover manipulation experiment consisting of the treatments: snow removal, increased insulation (styrofoam pellets), and ...201221850524
ascorbic acid metabolism during bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) fruit development.bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) possesses a high antioxidant capacity in berries due to the presence of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid (asa). accumulation of asa and the expression of the genes encoding the enzymes of the main asa biosynthetic route and of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, as well as the activities of the enzymes involved in asa oxidation and recycling were investigated for the first time during the development and ripening of bilberry fruit. the results showed that the asa lev ...201222608079
impacts of winter icing events on the growth, phenology and physiology of sub-arctic dwarf shrubs.the arctic is experiencing the greatest climate change in winter, including increases in freeze-thaw cycles that can result in ice encasement of vegetation. ice encasement can expose plants to hypoxia and greater temperature extremes, but currently the impacts of icing on plants in the field remain little understood. with this in mind, a unique field manipulation experiment was established in heathland in northern sweden with ice encasement simulated in early march 2008, 2009 and 2010 until natu ...201222568724
anthocyanins, but not anthocyanidins, from bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) alleviate pruritus via inhibition of mast cell degranulation.we have previously reported that bilberry anthocyanins exhibit an anti-pruritic effect in a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis. it has been reported that anthocyanins are particularly sensitive to thermal treatment and are easily hydrolyzed to anthocyanidins when exposed to high temperatures. the objective of this study was to compare the anti-pruritic effect of anthocyanin-rich quality-controlled bilberry extract and anthocyanidin-rich degraded extract using a mouse model of allergic co ...201223164040
triterpenoid content of berries and leaves of bilberry vaccinium myrtillus from finland and poland.triterpenoid compounds found in free and ester forms in extracts of entire fruits and leaves and in fruit and leaf cuticular waxes of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) collected in finland and poland were identified and quantitated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled to a flame ionization detector (gc-ms/fid). the main bilberry triterpenoid profile consisted of α- and β-amyrin, α- and β-amyrenone, campesterol, cholesterol, citrostadienol (in berries), cycloartanol, erythrodiol, lupeo ...201223157739
effects of temperature and photoperiod on yield and chemical composition of northern and southern clones of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.).after pollination outdoors, individual bilberry plants from two northern and two southern clones were studied for climatic effects on berry yield and quality in a controlled phytotrone experiment at 12 and 18 °c. at each temperature, the following light treatments were tested: (1) 12 h natural light, (2) 24 h natural light, and (3) 24 h natural light plus red light. the first experimental year there was no difference in yield between temperatures; however, the second experimental year the berry ...201223033879
bilberries potentially alleviate stress-related retinal gene expression induced by a high-fat diet in mice.obesity- and diabetes-associated visual impairment and vascular dysfunctions are increasing as causes of vision loss. the detailed mechanisms of how obesity and diabetes affect eye health are still largely unknown, but animal models have been useful in exploring the effects of potential protective compounds, i.e., compounds characterized by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. these properties occur in anthocyanins, and bilberries (european wild blueberries, vaccinium myrtillus) are a m ...201222993483
bilberries reduce low-grade inflammation in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome.low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of cardiometabolic risk. bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus) are rich in polyphenols with potential anti-inflammatory properties. we studied the impact of bilberries on inflammation and gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in subjects with metabolic syndrome.201222961907
enhanced uv-b and elevated co(2) impacts sub-arctic shrub berry abundance, quality and seed germination.this study investigated the effects of long-term-enhanced uv-b, and combined uv-b with elevated co(2) on dwarf shrub berry characteristics in a sub-arctic heath community. germination of vaccinium myrtillus was enhanced in seeds produced at elevated uv-b, but seed numbers and berry size were unaffected. elevated uv-b and co(2) stimulated the abundance of v. myrtillus berries, whilst uv-b alone stimulated the berry abundance of v. vitis-idaea and empetrum hermaphroditum. enhanced uv-b reduced con ...201222864699
nitrogen niches revealed through species and functional group removal in a boreal shrub community.most theories attempting to explain the coexistence of species in local communities make fundamental assumptions regarding whether neighbors exhibit competitive, neutral, or positive resource-use interactions; however, few long-term data from naturally assembled plant communities exist to test these assumptions. we utilized a 13-year experiment consisting of factorial removal of three shrub species (vaccinium myrtillus, v. vitis-idaea, and empetrum hermaphroditum) and factorial removal of two fu ...201222919915
modulation of inflammatory gene expression by a bilberry ( vaccinium myrtillus l.) extract and single anthocyanins considering their limited stability under cell culture conditions.studies with nonintestinal models indicate that anthocyanin-rich extracts can modulate inflammatory gene expression and may help prevent development of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd). this work investigated the influence of a bilberry ( vaccinium myrtillus l.) extract (be) and comprising anthocyanins on pro-inflammatory genes in ifn-γ/il-1β/tnf-α stimulated human colon epithelial cells (t84) by qrt-pcr and cytokine arrays. moreover, the stability of selected anthocyanins under cell culture co ...201222913378
high performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthocyanins in bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus l.), blueberries (vaccinium corymbosum l.), and corresponding juices.in the present study the anthocyanin content of commercially available bilberry juices and fresh fruits were quantified by using 15 authentic anthocyanin standards via high performance liquid chromatography with an ultra-violet detector (hplc-uv/vis). delphinidin-3-o-glucopyranoside, delphinidin-3-o-galactopyranoside, and cyanidin-3-o-arabinopyranoside were the major anthocyanins found in juices, nectar, and fresh bilberries. in contrast, fresh blueberries had higher concentrations of malvidin-3 ...201222394068
children's hedonic response to berry products: effect of chemical composition of berries and htas2r38 genotype on liking.the hedonic response of 104 healthy children, recruited from day-care centres and schools, to 12 different berry products with varying content of added sugar was studied. the berries used as ingredients were blackcurrant (ribes nigrum), sea buckthorn (hippophaë rhamnoides), bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus), and lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea). another aim of the study was to study the effects of the chemical composition of berries as well as children's htas2r38 taste receptor genotypes on liki ...201222953845
management of gastrointestinal mucositis due to cancer therapies in pediatric patients: results of a case series with samital(®).gastrointestinal mucositis is a common debilitating complication of chemotherapy and one for which there is currently no effective long-term treatment.201223148620
simulated moose (alces alces l.) browsing increases accumulation of secondary metabolites in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) along gradients of habitat productivity and solar radiation.we have addressed the impact of moose (alces alces l.) on accumulation of secondary metabolites, lignin, and nitrogen in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) along gradients of habitat productivity and solar radiation. the study was conducted within a long-term research project on direct and indirect impacts of moose on the ecosystem. in the experiment, browsing, defecation, and urination corresponding to four different moose densities were simulated for eight years before bilberry tissue was colle ...201223143636
the abundance and pollen foraging behaviour of bumble bees in relation to population size of whortleberry (vaccinium uliginosum).habitat fragmentation can have severe effects on plant pollinator interactions, for example changing the foraging behaviour of pollinators. to date, the impact of plant population size on pollen collection by pollinators has not yet been investigated. from 2008 to 2010, we monitored nine bumble bee species (bombus campestris, bombus hortorum s.l., bombus hypnorum, bombus lapidarius, bombus pascuorum, bombus pratorum, bombus soroensis, bombus terrestris s.l., bombus vestalis s.l.) on vaccinium ul ...201223209721
gas chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric analysis of pesticides residues in produce using concurrent solvent recondensation-large volume injection.in the present work, the feasibility of the combined use of concurrent solvent recondensation-large volume injection (csr-lvi) and interspersed calibration for pesticide residue analysis was investigated. splitless injections of 5-20 μl extracts containing 0.25-1g sample per ml(-1) were made into a carbofrit packed liner and a 0.53 mm i.d., uncoated and deactivated retention gap. the determination was achieved by gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (gc-qqq-ms/ms). the evaluati ...201222204933
development of a novel adsorptive membrane chromatographic method for the fractionation of polyphenols from bilberry.a novel membrane chromatographic method with a membrane adsorber (sartobind s) has been developed on the laboratory scale that allows a fractionation of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) constituents into the following three groups of polyphenols: anthocyanins, copigments, and polymers. by using this methodology, a pure anthocyanin fraction free of other copigments and polymeric phenols can be obtained. using this approach, it provides fractions allowing a more thorough testing of the biological ef ...201222309451
preparation and comparative release characteristics of three anthocyanin encapsulation systems.bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and their major polyphenolic constituents, anthocyanins, have preventive activities inter alia against colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. however, anthocyanins are sensitive to environmental conditions; thus their bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract is an important determinant of their in vivo activity. in the study reported here, the potential benefits of encapsulating an anthocyanin rich bilberry extract (be) on anthocyanin stability wer ...201222224434
guild composition and habitat use of voles in 2 forest landscapes in south-eastern norway.it is widely believed that intensive forestry has influenced small mammal population dynamics, and thereby the entire mammalian community in fennoscandian boreal forests. the nature of these impacts on the different species is subject to debate. we live-trapped voles between 2006 and 2009 in 2 commercially harvested forests in south-eastern norway. we investigated the variation in vole abundance among habitat types (e.g. mature forest and clear-cut) and the hypothesis that graminivorous species ...201122182322
vole preference of bilberry along gradients of simulated moose density and site productivity.browsing by large herbivores might either increase or decrease preference for the plant by other herbivores, depending on the plant response. using a cafeteria test, we studied the preference by root voles (microtus oeconomus [pallas, 1776]) for bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) previously subjected to 4 levels of simulated moose (alces alces [linnaeus, 1758]) density. the different levels of moose density were simulated at population densities relevant for fennoscandian conditions, in exclosure ...201122182326
vulnerability of black grouse hens to goshawk predation: result of food supply or predation facilitation?the plant cycle hypothesis says that poor-quality food affects both herbivorous voles (microtinae spp.) and grouse (tetraonidae spp.) in vole decline years, leading to increased foraging effort in female grouse and thus a higher risk of predation by the goshawk accipiter gentilis. poor-quality food (mainly the bilberry vaccinium myrtillus) for these herbivores is induced by seed masting failure in the previous year, when the bilberry is able to allocate resources for chemical defence (the mast d ...201121181416
a bilberry drink with fermented oatmeal decreases postprandial insulin demand in young healthy adults.abstract: background, in traditional medicine, blueberries have been used to facilitate blood glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes. recent studies in diabetic mice have indicated facilitated glycaemic regulation following dietary supplementation with extracts from european blueberries, also called bilberries, (vaccinium myrtillus). the purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of fermented oat meal drinks containing bilberries or rosehip (rosa canina) on glycaemic and insulinae ...201121600021
the ecology of tick-transmitted infections in the redwood chipmunk (tamias ochrogenys).the redwood chipmunk contributes to the maintenance of tick-borne diseases in northern california. the range of redwood chipmunks overlaps that of western black-legged ticks and tick-borne disease, including granulocytic anaplasmosis and lyme borreliosis. chipmunks have high anaplasma phagocytophilum pcr- and seroprevalence, are infested with a diversity of ixodes spp. ticks, and are reservoir competent for borrelia burgdorferi. we hypothesized that chipmunks could maintain tick-borne disease on ...201121643481
Anthocyanins from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) alleviate pruritus in a mouse model of chronic allergic contact dermatitis.Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest sources of anthocyanins which are known to have anticancer, wound healing and anti-allergic effects. Here, we examined whether bilberry extract (Bilberon-25) alleviates pruritus in a mouse model of chronic allergic contact dermatitis.201122022165
Decreased frost hardiness of Vaccinium vitis-idaea in reponse to UV-A radiation.The aim was to investigate plant frost hardiness responses to UV radiation, since the few results reported are largely contradictory. It was hypothesized that functional adaptation of life forms could explain these contradictions. Dwarf shrubs and tree seedlings, representing both evergreen and deciduous forms, were tested (Vaccinium vitis-idaea, V. myrtillus, Pinus sylvestris, Betula pubescens, and its red form f. rubra). The research was performed in Sodankylä, Northern Finland (67ºN), with en ...201122182287
vaccinium myrtillus ameliorates unpredictable chronic mild stress induced depression: possible involvement of nitric oxide pathway.chronic unpredictable stressors can produce a situation similar to clinical depression and such animal models can be used for the preclinical evaluation of antidepressants. nitric oxide, a secondary messenger molecule, has been implicated in neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, learning, aggression and depression. vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) extract is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and cytokine production. the present study investigated the role of nitric oxide in ...201122488796
inhibition activity of wild berry juice fractions against streptococcus pneumoniae binding to human bronchial cells.bacterial adhesion to the cell surface is a crucial step before infection can take place. inhibition of bacterial binding offers a novel preventive approach against infections. cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) juice has been found to have antiadhesive activity against different bacteria. streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen and the most common cause for pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. in this study the inhibitory activity of cranberry (vaccinium oxycoccos l.), bilberr ...201120625989
antioxidative protection of dietary bilberry, chokeberry and lactobacillus plantarum heal19 in mice subjected to intestinal oxidative stress by ischemia-reperfusion.ischemia-reperfusion (i/r) in the intestines is an inflammatory condition which activates leukocytes and reactive oxygen species (ros) and leads to lipid peroxidation and dna damage. bilberry and chokeberry fruits are rich sources of polyphenols which may act as antioxidants and prevent lipid peroxidation. lactic acid bacteria (lab) may improve microbial status in the intestines and increase the metabolic activity towards polyphenolic degradation. the aim of the study was to clarify antioxidativ ...201121272305
the protective effect and action mechanism of vaccinium myrtillus l. on gastric ulcer in mice.vaccinium myrtillus l. anthocyanoside (vma) is used as a folk medicine to treat diseases related to gastric ulcers in northern europe. however, the effects of vma and its detailed mechanism on gastric ulcer have not been investigated sufficiently. therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of vma on gastric mucosal damage in a murine gastric ulcer model. first the effects of vma on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice were investigated. then, the levels o ...201121290441
protective effect of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) against doxorubicin-induced oxidative cardiotoxicity in rats.doxorubicin (dox) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. it is associated with serious dose-limiting cardiotoxicity, which is at least partly caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ros). supplementations with bilberries were effective in reducing oxidative stress in many tissue injuries due their high content of antioxidants. the present study investigated the potential protective effect of bilberry extract against dox-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.201121455099
honeybees increase fruit set in native plant species important for wildlife conservation.honeybee colonies are declining in some parts of the world. this may have important consequences for the pollination of crops and native plant species. in spain, as in other parts of europe, land abandonment has led to a decrease in the number of non professional beekeepers, which aggravates the problem of honeybee decline as a result of bee diseases in this study, we investigated the effects of honeybees on the pollination of three native plant species in northern spain, namely wildcherry prunu ...201121519875
phenolics in slovenian bilberries ( vaccinium myrtillus l.) and blueberries ( vaccinium corymbosum l.).phenolics from bilberries ( vaccinium myrtillus l.) sampled from seven different locations and highbush blueberries ( vaccinium corymbosum l.) from one location in slovenia were analyzed. in samples of both species 15 anthocyanins were identified by lc-ms/ms. their contents were expressed as cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents (c3ge); bilberries contained 1210.3 ± 111.5 mg c3ge/100 g fw and blueberries 212.4 ± 14.1 mg c3ge/100 g fw. glycosides of delphinidin and cyanidin were predominant (488.5 vs ...201121574578
is the degree of clonality of forest herbs dependent on gap age? using fingerprinting approaches to assess optimum successional stages for montane forest herbs.using molecular fingerprinting (amplified fragment length polymorphism [aflp] method), we explored the potential of small-scale population analysis for understanding colonization patterns of herb layer species in forests after canopy disturbance. we investigated three common forest understorey species with different life forms (trientalis europaea, calamagrostis villosa, and vaccinium myrtillus) in the harz mountains in germany in three different gap age classes and undisturbed forest. for two o ...201122393501
exploring the park-people relation: collection of vaccinium myrtillus l. by local people from kopaonik national park in serbia.exploitation of certain resources within a protected area on a sustainable basis could contribute to higher living standards of rural people, particularly those in poor countries, and decrease conflicts between these populations and park authorities. this article presents data from a case study of kopaonik national park (np), serbia, which is a park with natural resources, most notably bilberries, which have always been relied on by local people. vaccinium myrtillus traditionally has been collec ...201121800263
growth and community responses of alpine dwarf shrubs to in situ co₂ enrichment and soil warming.• rising co₂ concentrations and the associated global warming are expected to have large impacts on high-elevation ecosystems, yet long-term multifactor experiments in these environments are rare. • we investigated how growth of dominant dwarf shrub species (vaccinium myrtillus, vaccinium gaultherioides and empetrum hermaphroditum) and community composition in the understorey of larch and pine trees responded to 9 yr of co₂ enrichment and 3 yr of soil warming at the treeline in the swiss alps. • ...201121770945
tooth brushing, oil pulling and tissue regeneration: a review of holistic approaches to oral health.even though dentistry was not a specialized branch of ayurveda, it is included in its shalakya tantra (system of surgery). problems such as deformities of the oral cavity, plaques and infections were managed in ancient india. traditional medicine can treat various infectious and chronic conditions. research has shown that all kinds of chewing sticks described in ancient ayurveda texts have medicinal and anti-cariogenic properties. its oil pulling (kaval, gandush) practice is claimed to cure abou ...201121760690
palaeomagnetic analysis of the sterkfontein palaeocave deposits: implications for the age of the hominin fossils and stone tool industries.palaeomagnetic analysis was conducted on speleothems from members 1-5 at sterkfontein cave, south africa. palaeomagnetic analysis of siltstone and speleothem from the bulk of member 4 indicate a reversed magnetic polarity that dates the deposits and its australopithecus africanus fossils to between 2.58 and ~2.16 ma. further confirmation of this age comes in the form of two short normal polarity events correlated to the rèunion (~2.16 ma) and huckleberry ridge (~2.05 ma) events in speleothem cap ...201121392817
phenolic compounds in berries and flowers of a natural hybrid between bilberry and lingonberry (vaccinium × intermedium ruthe).hybridization between species plays an important role in the evolution of secondary metabolites and in the formation of combinations of existing secondary metabolites in plants. we have investigated the content of phenolic compounds in berries and flowers of vaccinium×intermedium ruthe, which is a rare natural hybrid between bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.). the berries and flowers of the hybrid showed characteristics inherited from both parent species ...201121382629
transfer of elements relevant to radioactive waste from soil to five boreal plant species.in long-term safety assessment models for radioactive waste disposal, uptake of radionuclides by plants is an important process with possible adverse effects in ecosystems. cobalt-60, (59,63)ni, (93)mo, and (210)pb are examples of long-living radionuclides present in nuclear waste. the soil-to-plant transfer of stable cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and lead and their distribution across plant parts were investigated in blueberry (vaccinium myrtillus), may lily (maianthemum bifolium), narrow buckler ...201121190719
effects of latitude-related factors and geographical origin on anthocyanidin concentrations in fruits of vaccinium myrtillus l. (bilberries).two data sets are presented to identify the effect of growth location and origin of parental plant on anthocyanidin concentrations in vaccinium myrtillus fruits. bilberries were collected from wild populations growing at different latitudes and from cultivated plants originating from different geographical locations but grown in the same location for over 10 years. high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that anthocyanidin concentrations varied significantly with latitude and with ...201020958057
pressure and temperature effects on degradation kinetics and storage stability of total anthocyanins in blueberry juice.the degradation kinetics of total anthocyanins in blueberry (vaccinium myrtillus) juice were studied during thermal processing by treatment at selected temperatures (60-121 °c) and combined high pressure-temperature processing (100-700 mpa, 40-121 °c). anthocyanin stability was also studied for several of these treatments during storage at 4, 25, and 40 °c. both pressure and temperature increased d, the degradation rate of total anthocyanins in blueberry juice, meaning that at constant temperatu ...201020735132
phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) leaves in northern europe following foliar development and along environmental gradients.bilberry is a characteristic field layer species in the boreal forests and is an important forage plant for herbivores of the north european ecosystem. bilberry leaves contain high levels of phenolic compounds, especially hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, catechins, and proanthocyanidins. we investigated the phenolic composition of bilberry leaves in two studies, one following foliar development in forest and open areas, and the other along a wide geographical gradient from south to north boreal ...201020721607
a squamosa mads box gene involved in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in bilberry fruits.anthocyanins are important health-promoting phytochemicals that are abundant in many fleshy fruits. bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) is one of the best sources of these compounds. here, we report on the expression pattern and functional analysis of a squamosa-class mads box transcription factor, vmtdr4, associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in bilberry. levels of vmtdr4 expression were spatially and temporally linked with color development and anthocyanin-related gene expression. virus-induced ...201020566708
vaccinium myrtillus as an antidiabetic medicinal plant--research through the ages.bilberry leaves (vaccinium myrtillus l.) were one of the most frequently used antidiabetic remedies of plant origin before the discovery of insulin. during the last century, many animal, clinical and phytochemical studies have been undertaken with this plant and its extracts and are summarized here. overall, it must be concluded that the results were more or less disappointing and could not support the traditional use of bilberry leaves against diabetes mellitus which is sometimes recommended ev ...201020503920
impacts of extreme winter warming events on plant physiology in a sub-arctic heath community.insulation provided by snow cover and tolerance of freezing by physiological acclimation allows arctic plants to survive cold winter temperatures. however, both the protection mechanisms may be lost with winter climate change, especially during extreme winter warming events where loss of snow cover from snow melt results in exposure of plants to warm temperatures and then returning extreme cold in the absence of insulating snow. these events cause considerable damage to arctic plants, but physio ...201020497369
drought tolerance of juvenile and mature leaves of a deciduous dwarf shrub vaccinium myrtillus l. in a boreal environment.the difference between drought tolerance of juvenile and mature leaves of the winter-deciduous dwarf shrub bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) from a northern boreal environment was investigated. it was hypothesised that mature leaves are more drought sensitive than juvenile leaves. bilberry plants were allowed to dry out by excluding irrigation when leaves were at juvenile and mature stages. tissue water content decreased at both phenological stages, but the response was more pronounced in the ma ...201020169457
bog bilberry (vaccinium uliginosum l.) extract reduces cultured hep-g2, caco-2, and 3t3-l1 cell viability, affects cell cycle progression, and has variable effects on membrane permeability.bog bilberry (vaccinium uliginosum l.) is a blue-pigmented edible berry related to bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and the common blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum). the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a bog bilberry anthocyanin extract (bbae) on cell growth, membrane permeability, and cell cycle of 2 malignant cancer cell lines, caco-2 and hep-g2, and a nonmalignant murine 3t3-l1 cell line. bbae contained 3 identified anthocyanins. the most abundant anthocyanin was cyan ...201020492295
bioactive compounds from northern plants.northern conditions are characterised by long days with much light and low temperatures during the growing season. it has been chimed that herbs and berries grown in the north are stronger tasting compared to those of southern origin. the compounds imparting aroma and color to berries and herbs are secondary metabolites which in plants mostly act as chemical means of defense. recently, the production of secondary metabolites using plant cells has been the subject of expanding research. light int ...201021520706
anthocyanins extracted from chinese blueberry (vaccinium uliginosum l.) and its anticancer effects on dld-1 and colo205 cells.vaccinium uliginosum l. is a type of blueberry found in the chinese changbai mountains. we extracted vaccinium uliginosum anthocyanins (a(v.uli)) to investigate its bioactivity on suppressing cancer cells.201021034658
long-term effects of single potassium fertilization on 137cs levels in plants and fungi in a boreal forest ecosystem.we examined the long-term effects of a single application of potassium (k) fertilizer (100 kg k ha(-1)) in 1992 on (137)cs uptake in a forest ecosystem in central sweden. (137)cs activity concentrations were determined in three low-growing perennial shrubs, heather (calluna vulgaris), lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea) and bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus), and in four wild fungal species (cortinarius semisanguineus, lactarius rufus, rozites caperata and suillus variegatus). uptake of (137)cs by p ...201021144627
ericaceous dwarf shrubs affect ectomycorrhizal fungal community of the invasive pinus strobus and native pinus sylvestris in a pot experiment.this study aimed to elucidate the relationship between ericaceous understorey shrubs and the diversity and abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ecmf) associated with the invasive pinus strobus and native pinus sylvestris. seedlings of both pines were grown in mesocosms and subjected to three treatments simulating different forest microhabitats: (a) grown in isolation and grown with (b) vaccinium myrtillus or (c) vaccinium vitis-idaea. ericaceous plants did not act as a species pool of pine mycobi ...201021161550
effects of standardized bilberry fruit extract (mirtoselect®) on resolution of ccl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice.bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l) has been traditionally used in the treatment of various liver disorders. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bilberry fruit extract (be) on carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced hepatic fibrosis. male balb/c mice were treated with ccl(4) dissolved in olive oil (20% v/v, 2 ml/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.), twice a week for 7 weeks. be (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) was given to mice for next 15 days, 72 h after the last dose of ccl(4). the ccl(4) administ ...201021163320
inhibitory actions of bilberry anthocyanidins on angiogenesis.the aim of this study was to examine the antiangiogenic properties and antioxidant activities (a) of the main anthocyanidins (delphinidin, cyanidin and malvidin) found as constituents in vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) anthocyanosides (vma) and (b) of n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac). each of these anthocyanidins concentration-dependently inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)-induced tube formation in a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) and fibroblasts, the effe ...201019496063
activity of scottish plant, lichen and fungal endophyte extracts against mycobacterium aurum and mycobacterium tuberculosis.with tuberculosis the leading bacterial killer worldwide and other mycobacterial diseases on the increase, the search for new antimycobacterial agents is timely. in this study, extracts from plants, lichens and fungal endophytes of scottish provenance were screened for activity against mycobacterium aurum and m. tuberculosis h(37)rv. the best activity against m. aurum was observed for extracts of juniperus communis roots and cladonia arbuscula (mic = 4 microg/ml), and a fungal endophyte isolated ...201019827032
protective effect of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) extracts on cultured human corneal limbal epithelial cells (hclec).the use of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) as a food and medicine for improving human vision has a long history all over the world. however, there is lack of convincing evidence from rigorous clinical trials or scientific research. this study investigated the effects of different concentrations of bilberry extracts on the cell viability, cell cycle and the expression of hyaluronic acid and glycosaminoglycans of cultured human corneal limbal epithelial cells. the data showed that bilberry extra ...201020077406
cytotoxic effects of bilberry extract on mcf7-gfp-tubulin breast cancer cells.bilberry (european blueberry) has been reported to have many biological effects, including anticancer activity. in this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of bilberry extract in relation to its ability to induce apoptosis and affect microtubule assembly and organization in mcf7 human breast cancer cells. we observed that bilberry extract inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent fashion with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.3-0.4 mg/ml, in concert with induct ...201020132040
protective effects of bilberry ( vaccinium myrtillus l.) extract against endotoxin-induced uveitis in mice.endotoxin-induced uveitis (eiu), a useful animal model of ocular inflammation, is induced by injection of lipopolysacharide (lps). these experiments showed that the nitric oxide (no) level significantly increased in the whole eye homogenate of balb/c mice 24 h after footpad injection of lps at a dosage of 100 mg/mouse. however, the elevated no level was significantly reduced by oral administration of bilberry extract (containing 42.04% anthocyanins) at dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day for 5 ...201020222750
investigating the interaction between ungulate grazing and resource effects on vaccinium myrtillus populations with integral projection models.dense ungulate populations in forest accompanied by high grazing intensities have the potential to affect plant population dynamics, and such herbivory effects on populations are hypothesised to differ along environmental gradients. we investigated red deer grazing and resource interaction effects on the performance and dynamics of the functionally important boreal shrub vaccinium myrtillus using integral projection models (ipms). we sampled data from 900 v. myrtillus ramets in 30 plots in two c ...201020499103
alleviation of doxorubicin-induced toxicities by anthocyanin-rich bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) extract in rats and mice.the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract (be) with highly antioxidative potential against doxorubicin (dox)-induced toxicity in rat and mouse models. sprague-dawley rats treated with dox (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) showed marked body weight loss, increased abdominal ascites and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (got) level, serum and cardiac lipid peroxidation, myocardial histopathological damage, and depletion of cardiac glutathion ...201020623509
vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) extracts reduce angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) extracts (vme) were tested for effects on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. vme (0.3-30 µg ml(-1)) and gm6001 (0.1-100 µm; a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor) concentration-dependently inhibited both tube formation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) induced by vascular endothelial growth factor-a (vegf-a). in addition, vme inhibited vegf-a-induced proliferation of huvecs. vme inhibited vegf-a-induced phosphorylations of extracellula ...201018955266
phytotherapeutics: an evaluation of the potential of 1000 plants.the aim of this review is to evaluate and summarize the available scientific information on the commonest plant extracts marketed in western countries. in view of the intense, ongoing search for new plant extracts with powerful anti-inflammatory activity, we paid particular attention to this topic. the aim is to provide broad coverage of as many potentially useful plants as possible and then to focus on those with the greatest therapeutic potential.201020175810
fungal biomass associated with the phyllosphere of bryophytes and vascular plants.little is known about the amount of fungal biomass in the phyllosphere of bryophytes compared to higher plants. in this study, fungal biomass associated with the phyllosphere of three bryophytes (hylocomium splendens, pleurozium schreberi, polytrichum commune) and three vascular plants (avenella flexuosa, gymnocarpium dryopteris, vaccinium myrtillus) was investigated using ergosterol content as a proxy for fungal biomass. phyllosphere fungi accounted for 0.2-4.0 % of the dry mass of moss gametop ...200919682574
bilberry and its main constituents have neuroprotective effects against retinal neuronal damage in vitro and in vivo.our aim was to determine whether a vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) anthocyanoside (vma) and/or its main anthocyanidin constituents (cyanidin, delphinidin, and malvidin) can protect retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) against retinal damage in vitro and in vivo. in rgc cultures (rgc-5, a rat ganglion cell-line transformed using e1a virus) in vitro, cell damage and radical activation were induced by 3-(4-morpholinyl) sydnonimine hydrochloride (sin-1, a peroxynitrite donor). cell viability was measured us ...200919415665
effect of vaccinium myrtillus and its polyphenols on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in human endothelial cells.this study investigates if the connection between vaccinium myrtillus and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) might be an explanation of the pharmacological effects on circulation. cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical veins were incubated with bilberry 25e extract. the main anthocyanidins combined in myrtillin chloride and separately in cyanidin, delphinidin, and malvidin, respectively, were examined concerning their effects on ace. after 10 min of incubation with bilberry 25e, a sign ...200919441816
effects of a warmer climate on seed germination in the subarctic.in a future warmer subarctic climate, the soil temperatures experienced by dispersed seeds are likely to increase during summer but may decrease during winter due to expected changes in snow depth, duration and quality. because little is known about the dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of subarctic species, how warming may influence the timing and level of germination in these species was examined.200919443459
effect of ecosystem retrogression on stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes of plants, soils and consumer organisms in boreal forest islands.in the prolonged absence of catastrophic disturbance, ecosystem retrogression occurs, and this involves increased nutrient limitation, and reduced aboveground and belowground ecosystem processes rates. little is known about how the nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios (delta(15)n and delta(13)c) of plants, soils and consumer organisms respond to retrogression in boreal forests. we investigated a 5000 year chronosequence of forested islands in the boreal zone of northern sweden, for which th ...200919462406
comparative study of anthocyanin composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum l.) fruits.simultaneous comparison of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum l) fruits for their anthocyanin composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity is reported. the aim of this study was to investigate and to compare anthocyanin composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in bilberry and blueberry fruits and their skins. the investigations revealed that the highest amount of total anthocyanins was observed in fruits skins of blueberry cultivars. the resul ...200919702172
lonicera caerulea and vaccinium myrtillus fruit polyphenols protect hacat keratinocytes against uvb-induced phototoxic stress and dna damage.sunlight is a very potent environmental factor in skin pathogenesis and can induce skin cancer. uvb irradiation is known to cause oxidative stress, inflammation and especially dna damage. topical application of agents with uv absorbing, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities is a successful strategy in the protection of the skin against uv-caused damage.200919747801
distribution of 210pb and 210po concentrations in wild berries and mushrooms in boreal forest ecosystems.the activity concentrations and distribution of 210pb and 210po in wild berries and edible mushrooms were investigated in finnish forests. the main study areas were located in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) forests in southern and northern finland. the activity concentrations of 210pb and 210po in blueberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.) samples decreased in the order: stems>leaves>berries (i.e. fruits). the activity ratios of 210po/210pb in the wild berry ...200919800659
sod1-targeted gene disruption in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus oidiodendron maius reduces conidiation and the capacity for mycorrhization.the genome sequences of mycorrhizal fungi will provide new opportunities for studying the biology and the evolution underlying this symbiotic lifestyle. the generation of null mutants at the wild-type loci is one of the best methods for gene-function assignment in the post-genomic era. to our knowledge, the generation of superoxide dismutase 1 (sod1)-null mutants in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus oidiodendron maius is the first example of a gene-targeted disruption via homologous recombination i ...200919810810
antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum l.) leaf infusions.antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of leaf infusions prepared from six highbush blueberry cultivars (vaccinium corymbosum l.), one wild lowbush blueberry cultivar (vaccinium myrtillus l.), and one commercially available mix of genotypes were determined. in order to simulate household tea preparation conditions, infusions were prepared in water heated to 95 degrees c. the dynamics of extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants were monitored over the course of 30 minutes. extraction effici ...200919627210
changes in antioxidative capacity of saithe (pollachius virens) and shrimp (pandalus borealis) during in vitro digestion.the health effects of seafood have primarily been linked to eicosapentaenoic acid (epa; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha; 22:6n-3). these omega-3 fatty acids are highly susceptible to oxidation. peptides exhibiting antioxidative capacity (aoc) are encrypted in seafood muscle proteins. such components may protect the fatty acids during digestion and uptake, as well as exhibit antioxidative effects in general. the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) assay and the ferric reducing antiox ...200919845349
identification of phenolic compounds from lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.), bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and hybrid bilberry (vaccinium x intermedium ruthe l.) leaves.phenolic compounds from leaves of lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.), bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.), and the natural hybrid of bilberry and lingonberry (vaccinium x intermedium ruthe l., hybrid bilberry) were identified using lc/tof-ms and lc/ms/ms after extraction from the plant material in methanol in an ultrasonicator. the phenolic profiles in the plants were compared using the lc/tof-ms responses. this is the first thorough report of phenolic compounds in hybrid bilberry. in total, 5 ...200919788243
bilberry in vitro protocols and analyses of phenolic compounds.bilberry or european blueberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) belongs to the most significant family of wild berries in northern europe and is recognized for its bioactive properties. its fruits and leaves are rich with phenolic compounds, in particular flavonoids. their health benefits have received notable attention in recent years. bilberry is one of the richest sources of the anthocyanins, a subclass of flavonoids. the interest in bilberry cultivation is growing because of the high value of the fr ...200919521836
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