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polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations, mutagenicity, and microtox® acute toxicity testing of peruvian crude oil and oil-contaminated water and sediment.the oil industry is a major source of contamination in peru, and wastewater and sediments containing oil include harmful substances that may have acute and chronic effects. this study determined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) concentrations by gc/ms, mutagenicity using ta98 and ta100 bacterial strains with and without metabolic activation in the muta-chromoplate™ test, and microtox® 5-min ec50 values of peruvian crude oil, and water and sediment pore water from the vicinity of san josé de ...201424292871
botanical briefs: cashew apple (anacardium occidentale). 201324195089
in vitro propagation of cashewnut.in vitro plant propagation was developed for seedling shoot tips, leaf axils, and cotyledonary nodes of cashew, anacardium occidentale. factors affecting multiplication rate included age of explant source, explant type, medium composition, light requirements, and transfer frequency. cotyledonary nodes produced more buds than other explant types. nodes had a 90% viability when transferred daily to fresh medium containing activated charcoal for 7 d while exposed to continuous dark. cultures were t ...199624178529
differentiation of meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria novel resistance phenotypes in lycopersicon peruvianum and derived bridge-lines.lycopersicon peruvianum pi 270435 clone 2r2 and pi 126443 clone 1mh were crossed reciprocally with three l. esculentum-l. peruvianum bridge-lines. the incongruity barrier between the two plant species was overcome; f1 progeny were obtained from crosses between four parental combinations without embryo-rescue culture. hybridity was confirmed by leaf and flower morphology and by the production of nematode-resistant f1 progeny on homozygous susceptible parents. clones of the five f1 bridgeline hybr ...199624162431
control of erysiphe pisi causing powdery mildew of pea (pisum sativum) by cashewnut (anacardium occidentale) shell extract.the effect of methanolic extract of cashewnut (anacardium occidentale) shell extract was seen on conidial germination of erysiphe pisi and powdery mildew development in pea (pisum sativum). maximum conidial germination inhibition of e. pisi on glass slides was observed at 300 ppm. similar effect on floated pea leaves was observed after 48 h at the same concentration. conidial germination on intact untreated pea leaves was also assessed on ii and iv nodal leaves while iv and ii nodal leaves were ...200823997610
evaluation of antioxidant and mutagenic activities of honey-sweetened cashew apple nectar.in vitro chemical properties and antioxidant potential and in vivo mutagenic activity of honey-sweetened cashew apple nectar (hscan), a beverage produced from the cashew pseudo-fruit (anacardium occidentale l.) and of its constituents were assessed. analytical procedures were carried out to investigate the honey used in the hscan preparation, and the results observed are in accordance with brazilian legal regulations, except for diastase number. hscan and pulp were investigated for ascorbic acid ...201323973191
workload of on-call emergency room neurologists in a spanish tertiary care centre. a one-year prospective study.population ageing, the rising demand for healthcare, and the establishment of acute stroke treatment programs have given rise to increases in the number and complexity of neurological emergency cases. nevertheless, many centres in spain still lack on-call emergency neurologists.201423969294
taiwanascus samuelsii sp. nov., an addition to niessliaceae from the western ghats, kerala, india.a new species of taiwanascus, t. samuelsii, was collected from southern parts of western ghats on dead branches of anacardium occidentale and is described. the new cleistothecial ascomycete is different from the type and only species in taiwanascus, t. tetrasporus, in cleistothecial size, setae, and ascospore characteristics.201323898407
new focus of active transmission of chagas disease in indigenous populations in the peruvian amazon basin.several cases of acute chagas disease (acd) have been reported in the peruvian amazon basin.201323856870
synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using dried anacardium occidentale leaf and its catalytic and thermal applications.an environment friendly approach for the synthesis of pt nanoparticles (nps) using dried leaf powder of anacardium occidentale is reported. the formation of pt nps is monitored using uv-vis spectrophotometer. ftir spectra reveal that proteins are bound to pt nanoparticles. tem images show irregular rod shaped particles which are crystalline. the quantity of leaf powder plays a vital role in determining the size of particles. synthesized nps exhibit good catalytic activity in the reduction of aro ...201323786970
protective effects of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid against cardol-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species generation in staphylococcus aureus.cardol (c₁₅:₃), isolated from cashew (anacardium occidentale l.) nut shell liquid, has been shown to exhibit bactericidal activity against various strains of staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains. the maximum level of reactive oxygen species generation was detected at around the minimum bactericidal concentration of cardol, while reactive oxygen species production drastically decreased at doses above the minimum bactericidal concentration. the primary response for bacter ...201323670625
development and antibacterial activity of cashew gum-based silver nanoparticles.the present study describes the development of a green synthesis of silver nanoparticles reduced and stabilized by exuded gum from anacardium occidentale l. and evaluates in vitro their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. characterization of cashew gum-based silver nanoparticles (agnps) was carried out based on uv-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis which revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape, measuring ...201323455467
[literature memories about diphtheria: mark twain, w.g. sebald and stendhal syndrome].memories of w.g. sebald from the diphtheria he suffered as a child, gave rise to a discussion about the origin of classic clinical descriptions and the traps memory tends. good examples of the latter are some experiences of stendhal, who must also be distrusted given his hypersensitivity, which gave name to a psychosomatic syndrome. mark twain, a more practical man, brings us back to reality with a funny story about the terror the disease caused in the late nineteenth century. this leads us to r ...201323450420
[history and poetry in women's biological twilight: menopause and old age].this is a poetical and historical approach to the last biological stages of the evolutive development of women, namely menopause and old age. it starts with the passages found in egyptian papirii such as ebers or smith, dated 1500-2000 bc, which describe, among other symptoms, the sweating and hig body temperatures caused by the diminishing hormon secretion of the ovaries. other important works on the subject, some of them written in the 20th century and some others composed before that date, ar ...201123350338
[spleen injuries in spain: at what point are we?].management of spleen trauma has changed over last decades, although there is no data on its treatment in spain. the aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of spleen injuries in adults with severe abdominal injuries and how we manage them.201323312699
distribution and abundance of white-fronted spider monkeys, ateles belzebuth (atelidae), and threats to their survival in peruvian amazonia.the white-fronted spider monkey, ateles belzebuth, is listed as 'endangered' according to the iucn classification. in peru it is found in the departments of loreto, san martín, amazonas and cajamarca, but detailed data on its geographic distribution, population densities and conservation status are scarce. in order to obtain such information, we conducted transect censuses on the río aushiri and río san antonio (right bank of río napo), and between the río curaray and the río arabela and río nas ...201223296267
cashew apple (anacardium occidentale l.) extract from by-product of juice processing: a focus on carotenoids.cashew apple fibrous residue is a by-product of the cashew juice industry. after pressing using a helical type continuous press followed by crossflow microfiltration, an aqueous extract was obtained from these cashew apple fibres. it was characterised by an intense yellow colour due to carotenoid pigments. carotenoids were identified and quantified in the cashew apple before extraction, in its aqueous extract and in the concentrate obtained by microfiltration. cashew apple aqueous extract and it ...201323265451
efficacy of the african weaver ant oecophylla longinoda (hymenoptera: formicidae) in the control of helopeltis spp. (hemiptera: miridae) and pseudotheraptus wayi (hemiptera: coreidae) in cashew crop in tanzania.cashew, anacardium occidentale, is an economically important cash crop for more than 300 000 rural households in tanzania. its production is, however, severely constrained by infestation by sap-sucking insects such as helopeltis anacardii, h. schoutedeni and pseudotheraptus wayi. the african weaver ant, oecophylla longinoda, is an effective biocontrol agent of hemipteran pests in coconuts in tanzania, but its efficacy in the control of helopeltis spp. and p. wayi in tanzanian cashew has not been ...201323239649
genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (hpv) in histological sections of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma in madrid, spain.human papillomavirus (hpv) genotype distribution and co-infection occurrence was studied in cervical specimens from the city of madrid (spain), as a contribution to the knowledge of human papillomavirus genotype distribution and prevalence of carcinogenic hpv types in cervical lesions in spain.201223167826
mechanisms of anti-inflammatory property of anacardium occidentale stem bark: inhibition of nf-κb and mapk signalling in the microglia.anacardium occidentale is used in traditional african medicine for the treatment of arthritis, fever, aches, pains, and inflammation of the extremities.201323142196
the "gregorio marañon" hospital experience in the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma.a retrospective analysis has been carried out of 4100 patients with pharyngolaryngeal carcinoma who were seen at the hospital gregorio marañon between 1962 and 1993. 1287 patients were excluded from this study, leaving 2813 patients available for analysis. the great majority of the 2813 pharyngolaryngeal carcinomas were primary laryngeal tumours (2519). these are the subject of our study.we present our theoretic protocol for treatment of laryngeal carcinoma, both glottic and supraglottic, with s ...199723119302
recent advances in cardanol chemistry in a nutshell: from a nut to nanomaterials.this tutorial review could serve as an introduction of cardanol into the world of soft nanomaterials; it is a biobased lipid-mixture obtained from the plant anacardium occidentale l. cardanol is a renewable raw material derived from a byproduct of cashew nut processing industry: cashew nut shell liquid (cnsl). cardanol is a rich mixture of non-isoprenoic phenolic compounds that is a valuable raw material for generating a variety of soft nanomaterials such as nanotubes, nanofibers, gels and surfa ...201323114456
transferability and characterization of simple sequence repeat markers from anacardium occidentale to a. humile (anacardiaceae).use of molecular markers can be limited by the high cost and extensive time required for their development. transfer of simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers reduces the cost and time limitations and has allowed the use of these markers in a larger number of species. we tested 11 ssr markers previously developed for anacardium occidentale on a. humile. the 11 loci were successfully amplified in a. humile. all loci were polymorphic and generated a mean of 5.4 alleles per locus. the observed hetero ...201223096925
management of diabetes in guinean traditional medicine: an ethnobotanical investigation in the coastal lowlands.this survey was carried out in the coastal lowlands of guinea-conakry in order to make an inventory of plants used by traditional healers, herbalists and diabetic patients for the management of diabetes mellitus.201223006605
exposure to anacardiaceae volatile oils and their constituents induces lipid peroxidation within food-borne bacteria cells.the chemical composition of the volatile oils from five anacardiaceae species and their activities against gram positive and negative bacteria were assessed. the peroxidative damage within bacterial cell membranes was determined through the breakdown product malondialdehyde (mda). the major constituents in anacardium humile leaves oil were (e)-caryophyllene (31.0%) and α-pinene (22.0%), and in anacardium occidentale oil they were (e)-caryophyllene (15.4%) and germacrene-d (11.5%). volatile oil f ...201222893019
epidemiological changes in cutaneous melanoma: retrospective study of 969 cases (1996-2010).the incidence of malignant melanoma has increased over recent decades all over the world; however, we are not aware if this also occurs in madrid. our objective was to analyze epidemiological changes in cutaneous malignant melanomas diagnosed over a 15-year period.201322874464
evidence of rabies virus exposure among humans in the peruvian amazon.in may of 2010, two communities (truenococha and santa marta) reported to be at risk of vampire bat depredation were surveyed in the province datem del marañón in the loreto department of perú. risk factors for bat exposure included age less than or equal to 25 years and owning animals that had been bitten by bats. rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (rvnas) were detected in 11% (7 of 63) of human sera tested. rabies virus ribonucleoprotein (rnp) immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies were detected ...201222855749
hyaluronic acid depolymerization by ascorbate-redox effects on solid state cultivation of streptococcus zooepidemicus in cashew apple fruit bagasse.the cashew fruit (anacardium occidentale l.) has been used as a promising agricultural resource for the production of low-molecular weight (m(w)) hyaluronic acid (ha) (10(4)-10(5) da). the cashew juice is a rich source of vitamin c containing, 1.2-2.0 g l(-1). this work explores the effects of the initial concentration of the ascorbate on the solid fermentation of the juice-moisturized bagasse from the cashew apple fruit. the results show that the m(w) reduction of ha is proportional to the init ...201222806044
anacardium occidentale bark lectin: purification, immobilization as an affinity model and influence in the uptake of technetium-99m by rat adipocytes.lectins, proteins that recognize carbohydrates, have been immobilized on inert supports and used in the screening or purification of glycoproteins. anacardium occidentale bark infusion has been used as a hypoglycemic agent in brazil. the toxicity of natural products may be evaluated determining their capability to alter the biodistribution of technetium-99m ((99m)tc). this work reports the isolation and characterization of a lectin from a. occidentale bark (anocbl), its evaluation as an affinity ...201222798188
synthesis characterization and catalytic action of hexagonal gold nanoparticles using essential oils extracted from anacardium occidentale.a new phytochemical method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles is reported. the essential oils extracted from the fresh leaves of anacardium occidentale are used for the reduction of auric acid to au nanoparticles (nps). the formation and morphology of synthesized nps are investigated with the help of uv-visible, tem and ftir spectroscopy. the nps synthesized at room temperature are mono-dispersed and hexagonal in shape with an average size of 36 nm while those prepared at higher temperature ...201222771566
[use of fibrin based biological adhesives in the prevention of anastomotic leaks in the high risk digestive tract: preliminary results of the multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled, and simple blind phase iv clinical trial: protissucol001].a multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled, and simple blind clinical trial was started in january 2007, with the aim of demonstrating the efficacy of fibrin-based biological adhesives in the prevention of anastomotic leaks in the high risk digestive tract.201222748849
[hospitalized children's parents' anxiety in critical care units].child hospitalization is a potentially stressful process that affects both patients and family members.201222670384
anacardium occidentale linn. (anacardiaceae) stem bark extract induces hypotensive and cardio-inhibitory effects in experimental animal models.anacardium occidentale linn. (anacardiaceae) is a plant largely used in africa for the treatment of different diseases. in côte d'ivoire it's commonly used for the treatment of hypertension. the present study was carried out in order to assess the effects of anacardium occidentale extract (anoe) on cardiovascular parameters in animal models. a mercury manometer kymograph of ludwig was used to measure the blood pressure of normotensive rabbits in control conditions (normal physiological solution) ...201122654226
[surgical complications in drug body-packers: an uncommon but potentially lethal emergency].drug trafficking by means of introducing packets of illegal substances in body cavities carries a risk of suffering from a gastrointestinal obstruction and/or severe poisoning in the person who transports them. spain is considered as the port of entry to europe for drugs, and some spanish hospitals have experience in managing these types of patients. two hospitals in madrid, including the gregorio marañón university general hospital (hgugm), received these potential patients from the madrid bara ...201222572170
anti - inflammatory and analgesic activity of anacardium occidentale leaf extracts.the extracts of the dried leaves of anacardium occidentale  were screened for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced rat paw edema model. the petroleum ether and chloroform extract and acetone soluble fraction of methanolic extract showed 57.14%, 47.61% and 61.90% inhibition of paw edema respectively. acetone soluble extract showed better activity than petroleum either and chloroform extracts.200022556940
on the antifeedant and anthellmintic potential of anacardium occidentale l.the antifeedant and anthelmintic activities of crude extracts of the shells of anacardium occidentale were studied by comparing it's activity with the activity of azadirachta indica a juss (kernel), a commercial standard. the test extracts of a. occidentale in petroleum ether, dichloromethane: methanol showed better activities compared to a. indica. to study the anthelmintic activity, the addition of piperine to the formulation significantly enhances the activity. the phytochemical investigation ...199822556881
multilayer films electrodes consisted of cashew gum and polyaniline assembled by the layer-by-layer technique: electrochemical characterization and its use for dopamine determination.we take advantage of polyelectrolyte feature exhibited by natural cashew gum (anacardium occidentale l.) (cg), found in northeast brazil, to employ it in the formation of electroactive nanocomposites prepared by layer-by-layer (lbl) technique. we used polyaniline unmodified (pani) or modified with phosphonic acid (pa), pani-pa as cationic polyelectrolyte. on the other hand, the cg or polyvinyl sulfonic (pvs) acids were used as anionic polyelectrolytes. the films were prepared with pani or pani-p ...201222505924
inhibition of in vivo angiogenesis by anacardium occidentale l. involves repression of the cytokine vegf gene expression.lethal tumor growth and progression cannot occur without angiogenesis, which facilitates cancer cell proliferation, survival, and dissemination. among the many growth factors and cytokines engaged in angiogenesis, the cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is regarded as the most potent and specific. angiogenesis inhibitors are recognized as potentially useful agents for treating angiogenesis-associated diseases and vegf represents a promising and well-studied target for antiangiogen ...200822504635
phenotypic and histologic characteristics of cutaneous melanoma in patients with melanocortin-1 receptor polymorphisms.the melanocortin-1 receptor (mc1r) is an important risk factor for melanoma due to its role in the production of melanin in response to sun exposure.201222464597
potential protective role of linezolid against clostridium difficile infection.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the main causes of diarrhoea associated with antimicrobial therapy. antibiotics with good 'in vitro' activity against c. difficile could protect patients from developing cdi. in this study, the potential of linezolid to protect patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) from developing cdi was assessed. over a 4-year period, a cohort of patients who developed vap following major heart surgery (mhs) in gregorio marañón general hospital (mad ...201222445203
volatile profile of cashews (anacardium occidentale l.) from different geographical origins during roasting.volatile compounds were quantified in the headspace of indian, vietnamese, and brazilian cashews, both raw and during roasting by selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry. the optimum roasting times based on color measurements were also determined. raw cashews were oil roasted for 3 to 9 min at 143 °c and color and volatiles measured. an excellent correlation, following a pseudo 1st-order reaction, was found between l* value and roasting time; darkness increases as roasting time increases. the o ...201422417425
[social-sanitary situation in marañón's work in the context of the fight against infectious diseases].gregorio marañón y posadillo (1887-1960), played a leading role in the birth of endocrinology in spain as is well known. however, his medical work included other important and significant fields. thus, it was especially in the 1910s and 1920s, when marañón dealt with the social-sanitary situation in madrid probably due to his professional attachment to the treatment of several infectious diseases and epidemic outbreaks. actually, since 1911 onwards, he was in charge of the wards of infectious di ...201122372009
rapid green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using the dried leaf of anacardium occidentale.a rapid, one pot and biogenic fabrication of pd nanoparticles is reported. pd nanoparticles of size below 5 nm size are synthesized using the dried leaf powder of anacardium occidentale. rapid reduction results in the formation of spherical particles. the nanoparticles are characterized by xrd, tem, uv-visible and ftir analysis. the absorption spectra have continua which are characteristic of pd nanoparticles. the broad nature of the xrd pattern arising due to reflections from the (111), (200), ...201222349890
[incidence and prognostic factors for biochemical recurrence after radical radiotherapy].the aim of this study is to analyze the outcomes obtained after external-beam radiotherapy (3d ebrt)in patients with prostate cancer.201222318187
hypoglycemic effect of methanolic extract of anacardium occidentale leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.anacardium occidentale leave (anacardiaceae), a plant natively grown in wastelands in africa is used as a folk remedy for diabetes mellitus. previous studies, reported the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous leaf extract of a. occidentale in diabetic rats and its prophylactic activity against the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin this study evaluated the hypoglycemic effect of a methanolic extract of streptozotocin leaves and its fractions in alloxan-induced diabetic rats in comparison to tol ...201022314909
effect of intragastric administration of crude aqueous leaf extract of anacardium occidentale on gastric acid secretion in rats.the effect of an aqueous leaf extract ofanacardium occidentale on gastric acid secretion was tested in rats. twenty (20) wistar albino rats were used for the gastric acid assay experiment. the rats were divided into 2 groups of 10 each. gastric acid output was determined by continuous perfusion of rat stomach in urethane anesthetized rats. control gastric acid output was obtained using 0.9% sodium chloride as perfusate and extract induced gastric acid output was obtained by perfusion with 0.1% s ...201022314904
[development of mixed beverages made of caja (spondias mombin l.) and cashew apple (anacardium occidentale) added of fructooligosaccharides and inulin].the purpose of this work was to develop three mixed drinks based on caja (spondias mombin l.) and cashew apple (anacardium occidentale) pulps, added prebiotic ingredients and to evaluate their chemical, physicochemical and sensory properties. four formulations with combinations of two pulp fruit, sucrose and prebiotic ingredients (standard inulin, inulin high performance-hp-and fructooligosaccharides fos) were developed. the mixed drinks were submitted the following analysis ph, acidity, soluble ...201122308948
a new bush anole (iguanidae, polychrotinae, polychrus) from the upper marañon basin, peru, with a redescription of polychrus peruvianus (noble, 1924) and additional information on polychrus gutturosus berthold, 1845.we herein describe a new colorful species of polychrus with a conspicuous sexual dimorphism from the dry forest of the northern portion of región de la libertad, peru. the new species differs from all other polychrus species, in that this species has very small dorsal scales and thus a higher number of scales around midbody and in the middorsal line from behind the occipital scales to the level of the posterior edge of the thigh. furthermore, we redescribe polychrus peruvianus whose original des ...201122287882
comparison of gastric ulcerogenicity of percolated extract of anacardium occidentale (cashew nut) with indomethacin in rats.in traditional iranian medicine, the core of the fruit of anacardium occidentale (cashew nut) has been used in the management of the pain. in this study gastric ulcerogenicity effect of the percolated extract of a. occidentale was investigated in rats. the extract or indomethacin (200, 300, 400 and 800 mg/kg) was administrated orally. in the control group normal saline (5 ml/kg) was used. after getting extract, indomethacin or normal saline, animals were slaughtered. the stomachs were detached a ...201222186317
selective termination in dichorionic twins discordant for congenital defect.to evaluate the perinatal outcome of selective termination in dichorionic twins discordant for congenital defect, performed at the hospital general universitario gregorio marañon.201222177832
antibacterial activity of some african medicinal plants used traditionally against infectious diseases.context: plants are known to play a crucial role in african traditional medicine for the treatment of infection diseases. objectives: to investigate the claimed antimicrobial properties of plants traditionally used in african countries, providing scientific validation for their use. materials and methods: eighty-three polar and non-polar extracts from 22 medicinal plants were screened for their antibacterial activity against gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis) and ...201122136524
emerging roles of anacardic acid and its derivatives: a pharmacological overview.anacardic acid (aa) is a bioactive phytochemical found in nutshell of anacardium occidentale. chemically, it is a mixture of several closely related organic compounds, each consisting of salicylic acid substituted with an alkyl chain. the traditional ayurveda depicts nutshell oil as a medicinal remedy for alexeritic, amebicidal, gingivitis, malaria and syphilitic ulcers. however, the enduring research and emerging evidence suggests that aa could be a potent target molecule with bactericide, fung ...201222103711
[impact of a pet/ct facility in its community environment].the pet/ct (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) technique is currently expanding, with new facilities and indications appearing every year. being mostly an outpatient technique, patients leave the facility when the study has been performed, although they still retain a certain amount of radiopharmaceutical. therefore, setting up a pet/ct facility might involve a risk increase for the population. this study aims at estimating this risk.201121892554
[the sexuality by marañón].it is noticeable that he always had an interest in sexuality marañón. it must be noted that at the time this included a series of processes that now have become separated from it, as all human reproduction, both from a social standpoint as a scientist or political issues and problems in speaking so very active. but specifically, referring to the current concept of sexuality, much to marañón investigated because, following the ideas of freud, then in vogue, i wanted to know the importance that th ...201021877403
molecular epidemiology of aspergillus fumigatus: an in-depth genotypic analysis of isolates involved in an outbreak of invasive aspergillosis.we recently reported an outbreak of invasive aspergillosis in the major heart surgery unit of hospital gregorio mara+¦+¦n, madrid, spain (t. pel+íez, p. mu+¦oz, j. guinea, m. valerio, m. giannella, c.h.w. klaassen, and e. bouza, submitted for publication). a. fumigatus was isolated from clinical samples in 10 patients admitted to the unit during the outbreak period (surgical wound invasive aspergillosis, n=2; probable pulmonary invasive aspergillosis, n=4; colonization, n=4). here, we have studi ...201121832010
[phenotypic and histologic characteristics of cutaneous melanoma in patients with melanocortin-1 receptor polymorphisms].the melanocortin-1 receptor (mc1r) is an important risk factor for melanoma due to its role in the production of melanin in response to sun exposure.201221737053
phenolic lipid ingredients from cashew nuts.five new phenolic lipids, 2-(8"z-eicosenoyl)-6-(8'z-pentadecenyl) salicylic acid (3), 2-(9"z-hexadecenoyl)-6-(8'z, 11'z-pentadecadienyl) methyl salicylate (5), 2-(10"z, 13"z-nonadecadienoyl)-6-(8'z, 11'z-pentadecadienyl) salicylic acid (6), 2-(16"z-pentacosenoyl)-6-(8'z-pentadecenyl) salicylic acid (7) and 2-(9"z-octadecenoyl)-6-(8'z, 11'z-pentadecadienyl) methyl salicylate (8), and three known compounds, cardols (1), anacardic acid (2) and cardanols (4), were isolated from the nuts of the cashe ...201221735238
[anxiety of nursing staff in the face of death in critical care units and its relationship with the patients' age].death is a biological and psychosocial process, in which many of the vital events extinguish in a gradual and silent sequence, this escaping simple observation. people live with the fear of death, however health care professionals are constantly faced with the death of other people and in continuous contact with this. this may negatively or positively affect their attitudes.201621719334
sodium metabisulfite-induced polymerization of sickle cell hemoglobin incubated in the extracts of three medicinal plants (anacardium occidentale, psidium guajava, and terminalia catappa).the exploitation and utilization of vast varieties of herbal extracts may serve as alternative measures to deter aggregation of deoxygenated sickle cell hemoglobin (deoxyhbs) molecules.201121716622
membrane stability of sickle erythrocytes incubated in extracts of three medicinal plants: anacardium occidentale, psidium guajava, and terminalia catappa.many reports showed that medicinal plant extracts cause alterations on the shape and physiology of erythrocytes.201121716621
the cashew nut, anacardium occidentale (anacardiaceae), and its perennial association with ants: extrafloral nectary location and the potential for ant defense.cashew nut trees are consistently ant-visited throughout the year, with the ants attracted to a large number of extrafloral nectaries on the leaves, inflorescences, flowers, and developing nuts. the commercial production of cashew nut, for example, in india, brazil, and east africa, consistently applies pesticides, especially insecticides, in large monoculture plantings. each year prophylactic spraying begins with the first flush of new leaves, continues through flowering, ending at about mid-nu ...199821684968
aroma volatiles recovered in the water phase of cashew apple (anacardium occidentale l.) juice during concentration.there is a considerable loss of volatile compounds during the thermal concentration of cashew apple juice, damaging product quality, and as yet there is little research on the subject. thus the purpose of this research was to identify the aroma volatiles evaporated off from cashew apple juice and recovered in the water phase during concentration of this beverage in an industrial plant. water phase volatiles were extracted using dichloromethane, concentrated under a nitrogen flow, separated by ga ...201121681760
in vivo antigenotoxic and anticlastogenic effects of fresh and processed cashew (anacardium occidentale) apple juices.abstract cashew apple juice and cajuina (processed juice) are drinks widely consumed in northeast brazil. in vitro studies have shown that both juices have antimutagenic activity as well as antioxidant effects. these juices contain vitamins, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. this in vivo study assessed the antigenotoxic and anticlastogenic effects of both drinks against genotoxicity and mutagenicity induced by cyclophosphamide. the comet, micronucleus, and chromosome aberrations tests were us ...201121612456
permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 april 2010 - 31 may 2010.this article documents the addition of 396 microsatellite marker loci to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: anthocidaris crassispina, aphis glycines, argyrosomus regius, astrocaryum sciophilum, dasypus novemcinctus, delomys sublineatus, dermatemys mawii, fundulus heteroclitus, homalaspis plana, jumellea rossii, khaya senegalensis, mugil cephalus, neoceratitis cyanescens, phalacrocorax aristotelis, phytophthora infestans, piper cordulatum, pte ...201021565124
[gregorio marañón, a pioneer of endocrinology, 50 years after his death].gregorio maranon born and dead in madrid (1887-1960), was a spanish physician, scientist, historian, philosopher, humanist, and writer, considered one of the most brilliant spanish intellectuals of the 20th century. he was also a republican and fought the primo de rivera dictatorship, though later expressed his disagreement with communism. maranon participated closely with the process of exile of alfonso xiii. from a very early age he learned several foreign languages and was an avid reader, hen ...201121527976
acute, subacute toxicity and mutagenic effects of anacardic acids from cashew (anacardium occidentale linn.) in mice.anacardium occidentale linn. (cashew) is a brazilian plant that is usually consumed in natura and is used in folk medicine. anacardic acids (aas) in the cashew nut shell liquid are biologically active as gastroprotectors, inhibitors of the activity of various deleterious enzymes, antitumor agents and antioxidants. yet, there are no reports of toxicity testing to guarantee their use in vivo models.201121511024
the mosquitocidal activity of methanolic extracts of lantana cramera root and anacardium occidentale leaf: role of glutathione s-transferase in insecticide resistance.larvicidal activity of methanolic plant extracts of lantana cramera (p1) root and anacardium occidentale (p2) leaf was investigated against the larvae of the three mosquito species (culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti reared in the laboratory), and the respective glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity was analyzed as an index of protection against the extracts. the lc50 (extract concentration that shows 50% mortality) values of p1 extract for an. stephensi, ae. aegyp ...201121485364
microarray analysis revealed different gene expression patterns in hepg2 cells treated with low and high concentrations of the extracts of anacardium occidentale shoots.in this study, the effects of low and high concentrations of the anacardium occidentale shoot extracts on gene expression in liver hepg2 cells were investigated. from mtt assays, the concentration of the shoot extracts that maintained 50% cell viability (ic(50)) was 1.7 mg/ml. cell viability was kept above 90% at both 0.4 mg/ml and 0.6 mg/ml of the extracts. the three concentrations were subsequently used for the gene expression analysis using affymetrix human genome 1.0 s.t arrays. the microarr ...201121484159
phytosynthesis of au, ag and au-ag bimetallic nanoparticles using aqueous extract and dried leaf of anacardium occidentale.present study reports a green chemistry approach for the biosynthesis of au, ag, au-ag alloy and au core-ag shell nanoparticles using the aqueous extract and dried powder of anacardium occidentale leaf. the effects of quantity of extract/powder, temperature and ph on the formation of nanoparticles are studied. the nanoparticles are characterized using uv-vis and ftir spectroscopies, xrd, hrtem and saed analyses. xrd studies show that the particles are crystalline in the cubic phase. the formatio ...201121458366
[assessing the impact of kangaroo care on preterm infant stress].to assess the efficacy of kangaroo care (kc) in decreasing stress in newborns of 29-34 weeks' post-menstrual age (pma).201121458343
radical prostatectomy versus external-beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: long-term effect on biochemical control-in search of the optimal treatment.the optimal management of patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma remains undefined due in part to the absence of well-designed, randomized trials.201121431406
[dermatomyositis: assessment and follow-up of 20 patients].dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that mainly affects the skin and skeletal muscle. an estimated 15% to 25% of patients have underlying tumors and some forms are exclusively cutaneous. the factors that predict disease course and prognosis in these patients have not been clearly identified. here we report our experience through the description and analysis of a series of patients.201421411047
sub-chronic hepatotoxicity of anacardium occidentale (anacardiaceae) inner stem bark extract in rats.the extracts of anacardium occidentale have been used in the management of different cardiovascular disorders in nigeria. these have necessitated the assessment of the toxicity of this plant extract in sub-chronic administration. the inner stem bark of anacardium occidentale was extracted with 80 % methanol and quantitatively analysed for antinutrients and some heavy metals. the phytochemical compositions and acute toxicity of the extract were determined also. toxicity profiles of the extract on ...201021188045
larvicidal properties of cashew nut shell liquid (anacardium occidentale l) on immature stages of two mosquito species. 201021178220
irreversible competitive inhibitory kinetics of cardol triene on mushroom tyrosinase.cardol triene was first purified from cashew (anacardium occidentale l.) nut shell liquid and identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. the effects of this compound on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were studied. the results of the kinetic study showed that cardol triene was a potent irreversible competitive inhibitor and the inactivation was of the complexing type. two molecules of cardol triene could bind to one molecule of tyrosinase an ...201021121650
cytotoxicity of cashew flavonoids towards malignant cell lines.the leaves of the cashew plant (anacardium occidentale l.) are used by the folk medicine in south america and west africa. this plant is rich in flavonoids, which are polyphenolic compounds widespread in plants, and that have diverse physiological effects. in a sub-acute toxicity assay it was found that an ethanolic extract of cashew leaves elicited lymphopenia in rats. the extract was also found to be cytotoxic and to induce apoptosis in jurkat (acute lymphoblastic leukemia) cells. the crude et ...201021106357
biotechnological process for obtaining new fermented products from cashew apple fruit by saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.in brazil, the use of cashew apple (anacardium occidentale l.) to obtain new products by biotechnological process represents an important alternative to avoid wastage of a large quantity of this fruit, which reaches about 85% of the annual production of 1 million tons. this work focuses on the development of an alcoholic product obtained by the fermentation of cashew apple juice. the inoculation with two different strains of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae viz. scp and sct, were standardized to a ...201021069555
chromatographic techniques for the determination of alkyl-phenols, tocopherols and other minor polar compounds in raw and roasted cold pressed cashew nut oils.anacardium occidentale belongs to the family anacardiaceae and is principally grown in tropical america (mexico, peru, brazil, etc.) and india. cashew nuts contain low amounts of hydroxy alkyl phenols that come from an oily liquid present in their shell and that is known as cashew-nut shell liquid. this paper reports the alkyl phenols composition of cold pressed raw and roasted cashew nut oil. first of all, cashew nut shell liquid was used for a basic fractionation of the alkyl phenol classes by ...201020961547
molecular characterization and evaluation of virulence factors of cryptococcus laurentii and cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from external hospital areas.cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic fungal infection that is mainly caused by the species cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii, but there have recently been several reports of infection by non-neoformans cryptococcus species. the aims of this study were to genetically characterize cryptococcus spp. isolated from external hospital areas in minas gerais state, brazil, and to evaluate their pathogenic potential, analyzing their phospholipase and melanin production and the capacity f ...201020943154
development and validation of a questionnaire to assess satisfaction with hospital emergency care.to develop and validate a questionnaire to determine satisfaction with the hospital emergency department.201120870663
antimycoplasmal activity of some plant species from northern nigeria compared to the currently used therapeutic agent.mycoplasma spp. are obligate parasites of humans and animals. but due to the special requirements needed to culture mycoplasma in the laboratory, little or no research has been done to evaluate the efficacy of medicinal plants on the organism.201020819025
[a program to protocolize nursing care].to decrease variability in clinical practice and to standardise and develop a systematic care programusing nursing care protocols.201520675170
multifunctional cytotoxic agents from anacardium occidentale.the effects of anacardic acids and cardols isolated from the cashew nut and apple anacardium occidentale (anacardiaceae) on murine b16-f10 melanoma cells were tested. although anacardic acids and cardols were found to inhibit tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, melanogenesis in melanocytes was not suppressed in cultured cells but rather enhanced. both anacardic acids and cardols exhibited moderate cytotoxicity.201120623613
hydro-ethanolic extract of cashew tree (anacardium occidentale) nut and its principal compound, anacardic acid, stimulate glucose uptake in c2c12 muscle cells.products of cashew tree (anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes.201020603833
[lemierre syndrome: several clinical features of "a forgotten disease"].lemierre syndrome (ls) is considered as a forgotten disease since the beginning of penicillin. the lack of use of beta-lactamase inhibitors antibiotics together with the increase in the use of macrolids or second-generation and third-generation cephalosporins for oropharyngeal processes has led to an increasing incidence. we propose to review all ls cases seen in an emergency department over the last 5 years.201020570017
synthesis and cytotoxicity screening of substituted isobenzofuranones designed from anacardic acids.this work is part of a large program, which seeks to discover new antitumor isobenfuranones designed from anacardic acids. the synthetic strategy for the construction of the title compounds takes into consideration the use of inexpensive anacardic acids (2), the major natural cashew (anacardium occidentale) nut-shell phenolic lipid, and features one-pot construction of fused-ring aromatic gamma-lactones, phthalides. the cytotoxicity screening in different human cancer cell lines (hl-60 leukemia, ...201020537433
oviposition activity of aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) in response to different organic infusions.the present study investigates new sources of infusion as an oviposition attractant for aedes aegypti l. infusions with fetid and non-fetid odors were compared as an oviposition stimulant. traps baited with infusions of dehydrated cashew leaves (anacardium occidentale), potato peels (solanum tuberosum) and graminea (panicum maximum) were compared as attractants, and the effect of odor (fetid and unfetid) on attractiveness was tested. oviposition activity changed significantly according to the co ...201020498970
antioxidants from tropical herbs.plants that contain high amounts of polyphenolic compounds are potential candidates for natural antioxidant sources. studies are on going in the search for new sources of antioxidants. not much data are available on the antioxidant capacity of tropical herbs. with this in mind, 19 commonly consumed malaysian herbs were analyzed for their polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities. a majority of these plants have never been studied before with regards to their polyphenolic content and antiox ...201020420325
episodes of overtreatment during the first six months in children with congenital hypothyroidism and their relationships with sustained attention and inhibitory control at school age.contradictory results regarding the optimal initial dose of levothyroxine in children with congenital hypothyroidism (ch) hamper the clinical management of these children during their early infancy. we explore the relationships between the initial dose of levothyroxine and endocrine control during the first 6 months and cognition at school age.201020395659
bioactive compounds in cashew nut (anacardium occidentale l.) kernels: effect of different shelling methods.in the present study, the effects of various conventional shelling methods (oil-bath roasting, direct steam roasting, drying, and open pan roasting) as well as a novel "flores" hand-cracking method on the levels of bioactive compounds of cashew nut kernels were investigated. the raw cashew nut kernels were found to possess appreciable levels of certain bioactive compounds such as beta-carotene (9.57 microg/100 g of dm), lutein (30.29 microg/100 g of dm), zeaxanthin (0.56 microg/100 g of dm), alp ...201020387832
[une-en-iso-9001 internal audit program performed by our own personnel: a knowledge management tool].the need to maintain a quality management system based on the une-en-iso 9001:2000 standards in 12 departments of the "hospital general universitario gregorio marañón" (hgugm), led us to make the decision to establish an internal audit program using our own personnel as a useful tool for knowledge management and continuous improvement. the department of "medicina preventiva y gestión de calidad" developed an audit program, which has been implemented in our hospital during the last three years.201020347374
acute and subchronic toxicity of anacardium occidentale linn (anacardiaceae) leaves hexane extract in mice.these studies focus on the toxicity leaf hexane extract of a. occidentale l (anacardiaceae) used in cameroon traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. previous findings on antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory have given support to the ethnopharmacological applications of the plant. after acute oral administration, it was found that doses of the extract less than 6 g/kg are not toxic. signs of toxicity at high doses were asthenia, anorexia, diarrhoea, and syncope. the ld( ...200620162085
short-term effect of concentrations of fine particulate matter on hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory causes among the over-75 age group in madrid, spain.this study sought to analyse the effect of daily mean concentrations of fine particulate matter (diameter <2.5 microm; pm(2.5)) on hospital admissions due to circulatory and respiratory causes among an elderly population (>75 years) in madrid between 2003 and 2005.201020060145
mass attenuation coefficients of x-rays in different medicinal plants.the mass attenuation coefficients of specific parts of several plants, (fruits, leaves, stem and seeds) often used as medicines in the indian herbal system, have been measured employing nai (ti)) detector. the electronic setup used is a nai (ti) detector, which is coupled to mca for analysis of the spectrum. a source of (241)am is used to get x-rays in the energy range 8-32kev from cu, rb, mo, ag and ba targets. in the present study, the measured mass attenuation coefficient of ocimum sanctum, c ...201019910203
the anti-ophidian properties of anacardium occidentale bark extract.snakebites in rural areas of tropical and subtropical regions are commonly treated with medicinal plants. in this report, we have studied the ability of anacardium occidentale bark extract to neutralize enzymatic as well as pharmacological effects induced by vipera russelii venom. the extract neutralized the viper venom hydrolytic enzymes such as phospholipase, protease, and hyaluronidase in a dose dependent manner. these enzymes are responsible for both local effects of envenomation such as loc ...200919874230
protective effect of anacardic acids from cashew (anacardium occidentale) on ethanol-induced gastric damage in mice.cashew nut-shell liquid and the contained anacardic acids (aas) have been shown to possess antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitory, anti-helicobacter pylori and antitumor properties. despite these known effects, hitherto there were no published reports on their likely gastroprotective effects. the present study was designed to verify whether aas afford gastroprotection against the ethanol-induced gastric damage and to examine the underlying mechanism(s). gastric damage was induced by intragastric a ...201019853593
[sentinel node biopsy as a prognostic factor in cutaneous melanoma].the aim of sentinel node biopsy (snb) is to identify subclinical lymph node metastases using a procedure with minimal morbidity, establish more accurate staging in patients with melanoma, determine prognosis, and chose the most suitable treatment in each patient.200919709553
digestive enzyme activities and gastrointestinal fermentation in wood-eating catfishes.to determine what capabilities wood-eating and detritivorous catfishes have for the digestion of refractory polysaccharides with the aid of an endosymbiotic microbial community, the ph, redox potentials, concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (scfas), and the activity levels of 14 digestive enzymes were measured along the gastrointestinal (gi) tracts of three wood-eating taxa (panaque cf. nigrolineatus "marañon", panaque nocturnus, and hypostomus pyrineusi) and one detritivorous species (pter ...200919568757
inside the guts of wood-eating catfishes: can they digest wood?to better understand the structure and function of the gastrointestinal (gi) tracts of wood-eating catfishes, the gross morphology, length, and microvilli surface area (mvsa) of the intestines of wild-caught panaque nocturnus, p. cf. nigrolineatus "marañon", and hypostomus pyrineusi were measured, and contrasted against these same metrics of a closely related detritivore, pterygoplichthys disjunctivus. all four species had anatomically unspecialized intestines with no kinks, valves, or ceca of a ...200919562350
[historian gregorio marañón].the aim of this study is to offer a critical opinion of an important chapter in the bibliography of gregorio marańon, the key figure of spanish medicine in the period between the wars. the biography of the philosopher amiel, of the emperor romano tiberio and of the castilian king enrique iv are carefully studied. in the research the interpretative criteria offered by medicine and psychology have been used. his more important works rebuild the political labor of el conde-duque de olivares, "valid ...200819496529
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