Publications

screening of growth- or development-related genes by using genomic library with inducible promoter in aspergillus nidulans.	using the genomic library constructed at the downstream of the niia promoter, which induces the over-expression of an inserted dna fragment, we have attempted to screen the genes affecting growth or development by over-expression. the wild-type strain was transformed using the ama-niia(p) library and cultured on 1.2 m sorbitol media, in which asexual sporulation is induced, but sexual development is repressed. over 100,000 strains transformed to pyrg(+) were analyzed with regard to any changes i ...	2005	16410769
the aspergillus nidulans phytochrome fpha represses sexual development in red light.	phytochrome photoreceptors sense red and far-red light through photointerconversion between two stable conformations, a process mediated by a linear tetrapyrrole chromophore. originally, phytochromes were thought to be confined to photosynthetic organisms including cyanobacteria, but they have been recently discovered in heterotrophic bacteria and fungi, where little is known about their functions. it was shown previously in the ascomycetous fungus aspergillus nidulans that asexual sporulation i ...	2005	16243030
protein o-mannosyltransferase a of aspergillus awamori is involved in o-mannosylation of glucoamylase i.	industrially important extracellular enzymes from filamentous fungi are often o-mannosylated. the structure and function of the pmta (aapmta) gene encoding the protein o-d-mannosyltransferase of aspergillus awamori were characterized. the aapmta disruptant, designated aapmta, was constructed by homologous recombination. the strain aapmta exhibited fragile cell morphology with respect to hyphal extension, as well as swollen hyphae formation and conidia formation in potato dextrose medium. moreove ...	2005	16272387
hdaa, a major class 2 histone deacetylase of aspergillus nidulans, affects growth under conditions of oxidative stress.	histone deacetylases (hdacs) catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from the epsilon-amino group of distinct lysine residues in the amino-terminal tail of core histones. since the acetylation status of core histones plays a crucial role in fundamental processes in eukaryotic organisms, such as replication and regulation of transcription, recent research has focused on the enzymes responsible for the acetylation/deacetylation of core histones. very recently, we showed that hdaa, a member of the sa ...	2005	16215180
application of molecular modeling to analysis of inhibition of kinesin motor proteins of the bimc subfamily by monastrol and related compounds.	application of molecular modeling approaches has potential to contribute to rational drug design. these approaches may be especially useful when attempting to elucidate the structural features associated with novel drug targets. in this study, molecular docking and molecular dynamics were applied to studies of inhibition of the human motor protein denoted hseg5 and other homologues in the bimc subfamily. these proteins are essential for mitosis, so compounds that inhibit their activity may have ...	2005	17191952
cofactor processing in galactose oxidase.	go (galactose oxidase; e.c. 1.1.3.9) is a monomeric 68 kda enzyme that contains a single copper ion and an amino acid-derived cofactor. the enzyme is produced by the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum as an extracellular enzyme. the enzyme has been extensively studied by structural, spectroscopic, kinetic and mutational approaches that have provided insight into the catalytic mechanism of this radical enzyme. one of the most intriguing features of the enzyme is the post-translational genera ...	2004	15777009
loss of heterozygosity by mitotic recombination in diploid strain of aspergillus nidulans in response to castor oil plant detergent.	somatic recombination in heterozygous diploid cells may be a promotional agent of neoplasms by inducing homozygosity of defective genes. tumor suppressor genes may in this way be completely suppressed in recombinant cells. in this work, the genotoxic effects of detergent derived from the castor oil plant (ricinus communis) in heterozygous diploid cells of aspergillus nidulans are evaluated. previous studies have evaluated the application of this substance in endodontic treatments as an irrigatin ...	2004	15744430
cloning and use of sc as homologous marker for aspergillus niger transformation.	the sc sequence from aspergillus niger was cloned and developed into a homologous marker system for genetic transformation. the coding region of the sc gene amplified by pcr from the a. niger genome was provided with aspergillus nidulans expression signals (gpda promoter and trpc terminator). this chimeric construct was used to successfully transform a spontaneous sc- isolate of a. niger to prototrophy. the transformants analyzed by southern analysis showed integration of multiple copies of the ...	2004	15722148
regulation of penicillin biosynthesis in filamentous fungi.	the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin is one of the mainly used antibiotics for the therapy of infectious diseases. it is produced as end product by some filamentous fungi only, most notably by aspergillus (emericella) nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum. the penicillin biosynthesis is catalysed by three enzymes which are encoded by the following three genes: acva (pcbab), ipna (pcbc) and aata (pende). the genes are organised into a gene cluster. although the production of secondary metabolites ...	2004	15719552
transformation of fusarium oxysporum by particle bombardment and characterisation of the resulting transformants expressing a gfp transgene.	fusarium is the causative agent of a variety of economically significant vascular wilt diseases of vegetables, flowers and field crops. the completion of the first fusarium genome and the availability of an est database now provides a platform for both forward and reverse genetic approaches to ascribe gene function in this phytopathogen. to underpin these strategies effective gene transfer procedures will be required. here we describe an efficient and robust procedure for fusarium oxysporum tran ...	2004	15702267
parameiosis in aspergillus nidulans in response to doxorubicin.	the recombinagenic effect of doxorubicin (an anticancer agent that impairs dna synthesis and causes chromosome breaks) was used to induce parameiotic events in aspergillus nidulans. heterokaryons formed with master strains and uvs mutants were inoculated with and without doxorubicin. haploid segregants (parameiotics and parents) and aneuploids were selected as heterokaryon-derived visible sectors. among parameiotic segregants, recombinants by intergenic mitotic crossing-over and recombinants by ...	2004	15881406
ferrichrome in schizosaccharomyces pombe--an iron transport and iron storage compound.	schizosaccharomyces pombe has been assumed not to produce siderophores. nevertheless, the genomic sequence of this fission yeast revealed the presence of siderophore biosynthetic genes for hydroxamates. applying a bioassay based on an aspergillus nidulans strain deficient in siderophore biosynthesis, and using reversed-phase hplc and mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrate that s. pombe excretes and accumulates intracellularly the hydroxamate-type siderophore ferrichrome. under iron-limiting ...	2004	15689108
potential link between the nima mitotic kinase and nuclear membrane fission during mitotic exit in aspergillus nidulans.	we have isolated tinc as a nima-interacting protein by using the yeast two-hybrid system and have confirmed that tinc interacts with nima in aspergillus nidulans. the tinc-nima interaction is stabilized in the absence of phosphatase inhibitors and in the presence of kinase-inactive nima, suggesting that the interaction is enhanced when nima is not fully activated. tinc is a cytoplasmic protein. tinc homologues and a tinc-like protein (a. nidulans hetc) are conserved in other filamentous fungi. n ...	2004	15590818
plasmid vectors for protein production, gene expression and molecular manipulations in aspergillus niger.	we constructed three sets of plasmids for use in aspergillus niger. these plasmids were assembled using various combinations of a series of modular dna cassettes that included a selectable marker, pyrg, derived from aspergillus nidulans; two promoter regions for directing protein expression; a cassette derived from the ama1 replicator sequence to support autonomous replication; and a reporter gene based on the a. niger laca gene. one set included integrating and autonomously replicating plasmids ...	2004	15848224
expression of a cephalosporin c esterase gene in acremonium chrysogenum for the direct production of deacetylcephalosporin c.	a recombinant fungal microorganism capable of producing deacetylcephalosporin c was constructed by transforming a cephalosporin c esterase gene from rhodosporidium toruloides into acremonium chrysogenum. the cephalosporin c esterase gene can be expressed from its endogenous r. toruloides promoter or from the aspergillus nidulans trpc promoter under standard acremonium chrysogenum fermentation conditions. the expression of an active cephalosporin c esterase enzyme in a. chrysogenum results in the ...	2004	15672283
endogenous lipogenic regulators of spore balance in aspergillus nidulans.	the ability of fungi to produce both meiospores and mitospores has provided adaptive advantages in survival and dispersal of these organisms. here we provide evidence of an endogenous mechanism that balances meiospore and mitospore production in the model filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. we have discovered a putative dioxygenase, ppoc, that functions in association with a previously characterized dioxygenase, ppoa, to integrate fatty acid derived oxylipin and spore production. in contras ...	2004	15590815
fostua, encoding a basic helix-loop-helix protein, differentially regulates development of three kinds of asexual spores, macroconidia, microconidia, and chlamydospores, in the fungal plant pathogen fusarium oxysporum.	the soil-borne fungus fusarium oxysporum causes vascular wilt of a wide variety of plant species. f. oxysporum produces three kinds of asexual spores, macroconidia, microconidia, and chlamydospores. falcate macroconidia are formed generally from terminal phialides on conidiophores and rarely from intercalary phialides on hyphae. ellipsoidal microconidia are formed from intercalary phialides on hyphae. globose chlamydospores with thick walls are developed by the modification of hyphal and conidia ...	2004	15590816
the fungal stre-element-binding protein seb1 is involved but not essential for glycerol dehydrogenase (gld1) gene expression and glycerol accumulation in trichoderma atroviride during osmotic stress.	fungi counteract extracellular osmotic pressure by producing intracellular polyols to prevent loss of water. in yeast osmotic signaling involves a map-kinase pathway culminating at the stre-binding transcription factors msn2/4. we investigated the role of a putative stre-binding orthologue of trichoderma atroviride, seb1, in osmotic stress signaling. t. atroviride, subjected to osmotic stress (10% glucose or glycerol, 1m kcl or nacl), responds by raising its intracellular glycerol level. in cont ...	2004	15531216
modulation of the ligand binding properties of the transcription repressor nmra by gata-containing dna and site-directed mutagenesis.	nmra is a negative transcription-regulating protein that binds to the c-terminal region of the gata transcription-activating protein area. the proposed molecular mechanism of action for nmra is to inhibit area binding to its target promoters. in contrast to this proposal, we report that a c-terminal fragment of area can bind individually to gata-containing dna and nmra and that in the presence of a mixture of gata-containing dna and nmra, the area fragment binds preferentially to the gata-contai ...	2004	15537757
alcohol-mediated haemolysis in yeast.	although yeast are generally non-haemolytic, we have found that addition of alcohol vapour confers haemolytic properties on many strains of yeast and other fungi. we have called this phenomenon 'microbial alcohol-conferred haemolysis' (mach). mach is species- and strain-specific: whereas all six candida tropicalis strains tested were haemolytic in the presence of ethanol, none among 10 c. glabrata strains tested exhibited this phenomenon. among 27 c. albicans strains and 11 saccharomyces cerevis ...	2004	15565638
local induction of the alc gene switch in transgenic tobacco plants by acetaldehyde.	the alc promoter system, derived from the filamentous fungi aspergillus nidulans, allows chemically regulated gene expression in plants and thereby the study of gene function as well as metabolic and developmental processes. in addition to ethanol, this system can be activated by acetaldehyde, described as the physiological inducer in a. nidulans. here, we show that in contrast to ethanol, acetaldehyde allows tissue-specific activation of the alc promoter in transgenic tobacco plants. soil drenc ...	2004	15574832
multi-copy suppression of an aspergillus nidulans mutant sensitive to camptothecin by a putative monocarboxylate transporter.	the mono carboxylate transporter (mct) is a family of membrane proteins from the major facilitator superfamily (mfs) of transporters. here, we report the first identified aspergillus nidulans mct homologue, amca. the amca gene was isolated by high copy number suppression of the hydroxyurea (hu) sensitivity of an a. nidulans camptothecin-sensitive mutant. expression of amca is increased when hyphae are grown in media containing acetate or pyruvate as single carbon source, and after exposure to se ...	2004	15386109
combining transcriptome data with genomic and cdna sequence alignments to make confident functional assignments for aspergillus nidulans genes.	whole genome sequencing of several filamentous ascomycetes is complete or in progress; these species, such as aspergillus nidulans, are relatives of saccharomyces cerevisiae. however, their genomes are much larger and their gene structure more complex, with genes often containing multiple introns. automated annotation programs can quickly identify open reading frames for hypothetical genes, many of which will be conserved across large evolutionary distances, but further information is required t ...	2004	15449589
[rgs proteins (regulators of g protein signaling) and their roles in regulation of immune response].	rgs proteins (regulators of g-protein signaling) comprise a protein family responsible for regulating g proteins. by enhancing the gtpase activity of the a subunit, they speed up the reconstruction of the heterotrimeric structure of g protein, thus inhibiting its signal transduction. sst2 protein in yeast saccharomyces cervisiae, flba in fungus aspergillus nidulans, and egl-10 in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans are the first native g regulators with gtpase activity (gaps:--gtpase-activating ...	2004	15459549
effect of vitamin e on autolysis and sporulation of aspergillus nidulans.	the morphologic and physiologic effects of vitamin e, a powerful antioxidant, on the autolysis and sporulation of aspergillus nidulans fgsc26 were studied. in carbon-depleted submerged cultures, reactive oxygen species (ros) accumulated in the cells and, concomitantly, progressing autolysis was observed, which was characterized by decreasing dry cell masses and pellet diameters as well as by increasing extracellular chitinase activities. vitamin e supplemented at a concentration of 1 g/l hindere ...	2004	15304761
partial nuclear pore complex disassembly during closed mitosis in aspergillus nidulans.	many organisms undergo closed mitosis and locate tubulin and mitotic kinases to nuclei only during mitosis. how this is regulated is unknown. interestingly, the nima kinase of aspergillus nidulans interacts with two nuclear pore complex (npc) proteins and nima is required for mitotic localization of the cdk1 kinase to nuclei. therefore, we wished to define the mechanism by which the npc is regulated during a. nidulans' closed mitosis.	2004	15556859
in silico reconstruction of nutrient-sensing signal transduction pathways in aspergillus nidulans.	we report here probable nutrient-sensing signal transduction pathways in aspergillus nidulans, a model filamentous fungus, based on sequence homology studies with known saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe proteins. specifically, we identified a. nidulans homologs for yeast proteins involved in (1) filamentation-invasion, (2) camp-pka, (3) pheromone response, (4) cell integrity and (5) tor signaling pathways. we have also studied autophagy, one of the most important cellular re ...	2004	15752076
patterns of intron gain and loss in fungi.	little is known about the patterns of intron gain and loss or the relative contributions of these two processes to gene evolution. to investigate the dynamics of intron evolution, we analyzed orthologous genes from four filamentous fungal genomes and determined the pattern of intron conservation. we developed a probabilistic model to estimate the most likely rates of intron gain and loss giving rise to these observed conservation patterns. our data reveal the surprising importance of intron gain ...	2004	15562318
double-joint pcr: a pcr-based molecular tool for gene manipulations in filamentous fungi.	gene replacement via homologous double crossover in filamentous fungi requires relatively long (preferentially >0.5 kb) flanking regions of the target gene. for this reason, gene replacement cassettes are usually constructed through multiple cloning steps. to facilitate gene function studies in filamentous fungi avoiding tedious cloning steps, we have developed a pcr-assisted dna assembly procedure and applied it to delete genes in filamentous fungi. while the principle of this procedure is esse ...	2004	15465386
molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding the n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase homologue of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	a cdna encoding the n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (nag) protein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, pb nag1, was cloned and characterized. the 2663-nucleotide sequence of the cdna consisted of a single open reading frame encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 64.73 kda and an isoeletric point of 6.35. the predicted protein includes a putative 30-amino-acid signal peptide. the protein as a whole shares considerable sequence similarity with 'classic' nag. the primary sequence of pb ...	2004	15283239
gas-inducible transgene expression in mammalian cells and mice.	we describe the design and detailed characterization of a gas-inducible transgene control system functional in different mammalian cells, mice and prototype biopharmaceutical manufacturing. the acetaldehyde-inducible alcr-p(alca) transactivator-promoter interaction of the aspergillus nidulans ethanol-catabolizing regulon was engineered for gas-adjustable transgene expression in mammalian cells. fungal alcr retained its transactivation characteristics in a variety of mammalian cell lines and reve ...	2004	15502819
the gpra and gprb genes encode putative g protein-coupled receptors required for self-fertilization in aspergillus nidulans.	the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans possesses both asexual and sexual reproductive cycles. sexual fruiting bodies (cleistothecia) can be formed in both homothallic (self) and heterothallic (outcross) conditions. in this study, we characterized two genes, gpra and gprb, that are predicted to encode putative g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) similar to fungal pheromone receptors. deletion (delta) of gpra or gprb resulted in the production of a few small cleistothecia carrying a reduced n ...	2004	15341643
characterization of the aspergillus parasiticus delta12-desaturase gene: a role for lipid metabolism in the aspergillus-seed interaction.	in the mycotoxigenic oilseed pathogens aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus and the model filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives act as important developmental signals that affect asexual conidiospore, sexual ascospore and/or sclerotial development. to dissect the relationship between lipid metabolism and fungal development, an a. parasiticus delta(12)-desaturase mutant that was unable to convert oleic acid to linoleic acid and was thus i ...	2004	15347747
identification and complementation of abnormal hyphal branch mutants ahba1 and ahbb1 in aspergillus nidulans.	branching generates new axes of polar growth in filamentous fungi and is critical for development, reproduction, and pathogenicity. to investigate branching we screened an aspergillus nidulans temperature-sensitive mutant collection for abnormal hyphal branch (ahb) mutants. we identified two mutants, ahba1, which showed reduced branching relative to wild type at restrictive temperature, and ahbb1, which showed increased branching relative to wild type at restrictive temperature. both mutants als ...	2004	15465388
the aspergillus fumigatus cell wall is organized in domains that are remodelled during polarity establishment.	aspergillus fumigatus is a life-threatening and increasingly frequent pathogen of the immunocompromised. like other filamentous fungi a. fumigatus grows in a highly polar manner, adding new cell wall to the apical region of hyphae. mabs were raised against isolated a. fumigatus cell walls. fifteen antibodies bound reproducibly to isolated cell walls in elisas and to the walls of intact cells in immunofluorescence experiments. surprisingly, individual mabs showed distinct patterns of localization ...	2004	15470106
acfkh1, a novel member of the forkhead family, associates with the rfx transcription factor cpcr1 in the cephalosporin c-producing fungus acremonium chrysogenum.	in the filamentous fungus acremonium chrysogenum, a complex regulatory network of transcription factors controls the expression of at least seven cephalosporin c biosynthesis genes. the rfx transcription factor cpcr1 binds to regulatory sequences in the promoter region of cephalosporin c biosynthesis genes, and is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the pcbc gene which encodes isopenicillin n synthase. in this study, we used cpcr1 in a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify potential prot ...	2004	15527986
penicillium chrysogenum glucose oxidase -- a study on its antifungal effects.	purification and characterization of the high molecular mass candida albicans-killing protein secreted by penicillium chrysogenum.	2004	15546411
the role of thiol species in the hypertolerance of aspergillus sp. p37 to arsenic.	aspergillus sp. p37 is an arsenate-hypertolerant fungus isolated from a river in spain with a long history of contamination with metals. this strain is able to grow in the presence of 0.2 m arsenate, i.e. 20-fold higher than the reference strain, aspergillus nidulans ts1. although aspergillus sp. p37 reduces as(v) to as(iii), which is slowly pumped out of the cell, the measured efflux of oxyanions is insufficient to explain the high tolerance levels of this strain. to gain an insight into this p ...	2004	15364940
mitochondrial beta-oxidation in aspergillus nidulans.	beta-oxidation (beta-ox) occurs exclusively in the peroxisomes of saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeasts, leading to the supposition that fungi lack mitochondrial beta-ox. here we present unequivocal evidence that the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans houses both peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-ox. while growth of a peroxisomal beta-ox disruption mutant (deltafoxa) was eliminated on a very long-chain fatty acid (c(22:1)), growth was only partially impeded on a long-chain fatty acid ( ...	2004	15554960
the aspergillus nidulans npka gene encodes a cdc2-related kinase that genetically interacts with the uvsbatr kinase.	the dna damage response is a protective mechanism that ensures the maintenance of genomic integrity. we have used aspergillus nidulans as a model system to characterize the dna damage response caused by the antitopoisomerase i drug, camptothecin. we report the molecular characterization of a p34cdc2-related gene, npka, from a. nidulans. the npka gene is transcriptionally induced by camptothecin and other dna-damaging agents, and its induction in the presence of camptothecin is dependent on the u ...	2004	15342504
efficient gene disruption in the koji-mold aspergillus sojae using a novel variation of the positive-negative method.	when no phenotypic screen is available, gene disruption in the koji-mold aspergillus sojae is a time-consuming process, owing to the low frequency of homologous recombination. to achieve efficient gene disruption in the koji-mold, we developed a novel positive-negative selection method to enrich for homologous recombinants. the pyrg gene from a. sojae was used as a positive selection marker for transformants, and the olic31 gene of a. nidulans, which codes for a mutant form of subunit 9 of the f ...	2004	15375695
functional analysis of the homoserine o-acetyltransferase gene and its identification as a selectable marker in gibberella zeae.	we used restriction enzyme-mediated integration (remi) to identify a methionine auxotrophic mutant of gibberella zeae, an important cereal pathogen. in addition to its methionine requirement, the g. zeae remi mutant designated z43r3912 showed pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduced virulence on host plants and lack of sexual development. outcrossing of z43r3912 with a mat1-1 deletion strain confirmed that the mutation of z43r3912 was tagged with the hygromycin b resistance marker. the vector i ...	2004	15378266
connection of propionyl-coa metabolism to polyketide biosynthesis in aspergillus nidulans.	propionyl-coa is an intermediate metabolite produced through a variety of pathways including thioesterification of propionate and catabolism of odd chain fatty acids and select amino acids. previously, we found that disruption of the methylcitrate synthase gene, mcsa, which blocks propionyl-coa utilization, as well as growth on propionate impaired production of several polyketides-molecules typically derived from acetyl-coa and malonyl-coa-including sterigmatocystin (st), a potent carcinogen, an ...	2004	15514053
[antibiotic properties of some species of genus aspergillus mich].	antibiotic activity screening of some species of genus aspergillus (64 strains) to different test-organisms (gram positive, gram negative, phytopathogenic bacteria and yeasts) has been carried out. the researched strains a. parvulus, a. ochraceus, a. ustus, a. versicolor, a.fumigatus, a. niger, a. deflectus, a. clavatus were characterized by a wide spectrum of antibiotic activity; the strains a. flavipes, a. sydowii, a. terreus, a. flavus, a. nidulans, a. alliaceus, a. fluticulosus were characte ...	2004	15515902
regulation of aflatoxin synthesis by fada/camp/protein kinase a signaling in aspergillus parasiticus.	analysis of fada and pkaa mutants in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans demonstrated that fada (galpha) stimulates cyclic amp (camp)-dependent protein kinase a (pka) activity resulting, at least in part, in inhibition of conidiation and sterigmatocystin (st) biosynthesis. in contrast, camp added to the growth medium stimulates aflatoxin (af) synthesis in aspergillus parasiticus. our goal was to explain these conflicting reports and to provide mechanistic detail on the role of fada, camp ...	2004	15518351
synthesis and biological evaluations of sulfa derivatives bearing heterocyclic moieties.	some new sulfa derivatives bearing a heterocyclic moieties fural, pyrimidinone, thiazolidinone, benzimidazole and 1,2,4-triazinone and the related compounds 2-19 have been synthesized from treatment of sulfa drugs with thioisocyanate, acid chlorides, 3-chloro-1,2,4-triazines, aldehydes, esters and/or 2-methylbenzoxazole followed by ring closure reactions. structures of the products have been deduced from their elemental analysis and spectral data. significant antimicrobial activities were observ ...	2004	15881802
[fatal aspergillus nidulans pneumonia].		2004	15777589
the effect of crea in glucose and xylose catabolism in aspergillus nidulans.	the catabolism of glucose and xylose was studied in a wild type and crea deleted (carbon catabolite de-repressed) strain of aspergillus nidulans. both strains were cultivated in bioreactors with either glucose or xylose as the sole carbon source, or in the presence of both sugars. in the cultivations on single carbon sources, it was demonstrated that xylose acted as a carbon catabolite repressor (xylose cultivations), while the enzymes in the xylose utilisation pathway were also subject to repre ...	2004	12920487
the alternative d-galactose degrading pathway of aspergillus nidulans proceeds via l-sorbose.	the catabolism of d-galactose in yeast depends on the enzymes of the leloir pathway. in contrast, aspergillus nidulans mutants in galactokinase ( gale) can still grow on d-galactose in the presence of ammonium-but not nitrate-ions as nitrogen source. a. nidulans gale mutants transiently accumulate high (400 mm) intracellular concentrations of galactitol, indicating that the alternative d-galactose degrading pathway may proceed via this intermediate. the enzyme degrading galactitol was identified ...	2004	14624333
aspergillus nidulans rhoa is involved in polar growth, branching, and cell wall synthesis.	growth of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans begins when the conidium breaks dormancy and grows isotropically. eventually a germ tube emerges and the axis of growth remains fixed in the primary hypha while new growth axes are established basally to form secondary germ tubes and lateral branches. rho1 is a rho family gtpase that has been shown to be involved in polarity establishment and cell wall deposition in saccharomyces cerevisiae. a gene predicted to encode a rho1 homolog was clone ...	2004	14643255
the pot1+ homologue in aspergillus nidulans is required for ordering mitotic events.	orderly progression through mitosis is essential to reduce segregation errors in the cell's genetic material. we have used a cytological screen to identify a mutant that progresses through mitosis aberrantly and have cloned the complementing gene, nimu, which encodes a protein related to pot1 and other telomere end-binding proteins. we show that loss of nimu function leads to premature mitotic spindle elongation, premature mitotic exit, errors in chromosome segregation, and failure to delay mito ...	2004	14657278
nuclear import of yeast gcn4p requires karyopherins srp1p and kap95p.	the yeast transcription factor gcn4p contains two stretches of amino acid residues, nls1 and nls2, which are independently able to relocate the cytoplasmic protein chorismate mutase into the nucleus. only nls2 is conserved among fungi. a truncated version of cpca (the counterpart of gcn4p in aspergillus nidulans), which lacks the conserved nls, accumulates in the cytoplasm instead of the nucleus. nuclear uptake mediated by the nls1 of gcn4p is impaired by defects in genes for several different k ...	2004	14648200
aspergillus nidulans hypa regulates morphogenesis through the secretion pathway.	aspergillus nidulans hypa encodes a predicted 1474 amino acid, 161.9 kda cytoplasmic peptide. strains with hypa1 and hypa6 alleles are wild type at 28 degrees c but have wide, slow-growing hyphae and thick walls at 42 degrees c. hypa1 and hypa6 have identical genetic lesions. hypa1 and hypa6 restrictive phenotypes have statistically similar morphometry, and strains with either allele can conidiate at 42 degrees c. hypa deletion strains require osmotic support and have aberrant morphology, but pr ...	2004	14643261
ammonium-induced internalisation of uapc, the general purine permease from aspergillus nidulans.	the aspergillus nidulans uapc protein is a high-affinity, moderate-capacity, uric acid-xanthine transporter, which also displays a low transport capacity for hypoxanthine, adenine, and guanine. it has been previously shown that a functional uapc-gfp fusion protein localises at the plasma membrane. here, we demonstrate that ammonium, a preferred nitrogen source, dramatically changes the subcellular distribution of uapc. after addition of ammonium, uapc-gfp is removed from the plasma membrane and ...	2004	14643258
gamma-tubulin plays an essential role in the coordination of mitotic events.	recent data from multiple organisms indicate that gamma-tubulin has essential, but incompletely defined, functions in addition to nucleating microtubule assembly. to investigate these functions, we examined the phenotype of mipad159, a cold-sensitive allele of the gamma-tubulin gene of aspergillus nidulans. immunofluorescence microscopy of synchronized material revealed that at a restrictive temperature mipad159 does not inhibit mitotic spindle formation. anaphase a was inhibited in many nuclei, ...	2004	14668489
fungal metabolic model for 3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase deficiency.	aspergillus nidulans is able to use leu as the sole carbon source through a metabolic pathway leading to acetyl-coa and acetoacetate that is homologous to that used by humans. mcca and mccb, the genes encoding the subunits of 3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase, are clustered with ivda encoding isovaleryl-coa dehydrogenase, a third gene of the leu catabolic pathway, on the left arm of chromosome iii. their transcription is induced by leu and other hydrophobic amino acids and repressed by glucose. p ...	2004	14612443
novel effect of voriconazole on conidiation of aspergillus species.	our previous studies of aspergillus fumigatus showed that colonies that grew in the presence of voriconazole (vcz) were characteristically white without pigmentation. we therefore investigated the effect of various triazoles on conidiation and pigmentation in four commonly isolated aspergillus species and the results were compared with those obtained for polyene and echinocandin classes of antifungal drugs. aspergillus cultures were grown on sabouraud dextrose agar containing subinhibitory conce ...	2004	14732317
osteomyelitis due to aspergillus spp. in patients with chronic granulomatous disease: comparison of aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus.	chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is a rare inherited disorder of nadph oxidase in which phagocytes fail to generate reactive antimicrobial oxidants. invasive fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cgd patients, with aspergillus spp. being the most frequent fungal pathogens. we reviewed the reported cases of osteomyelitis in cgd patients due to aspergillus nidulans and compared them with those due to aspergillus fumigatus.	2004	14732328
the azga purine transporter of aspergillus nidulans. characterization of a protein belonging to a new phylogenetic cluster.	the azga gene of aspergillus nidulans encodes a hypoxanthine-adenine-guanine transporter. it has been cloned by a novel transposon methodology. the null phenotype of azga was defined by a number of mutations, including a large deletion. in mycelia, the azga gene is, like other genes of purine catabolism, induced by uric acid and repressed by ammonium. its transcription depends on the pathway-specific uay zinc binuclear cluster protein and the broad domain area gata factor. azga is not closely re ...	2004	14597637
negative selection using thymidine kinase increases the efficiency of recovery of transformants with targeted genes in the filamentous fungus leptosphaeria maculans.	a vector system was constructed that is designed to decrease the number of transformants required to be screened when looking for gene disruption events in filamentous fungi. this vector was used to mutate two genes, an atp-binding cassette transporter ( lmabct4) and a two-component histidine kinase gene ( lmhk1) in the ascomycete leptosphaeria maculans. the system uses the thymidine kinase gene from the herpes simplex virus as a negative selectable marker. thymidine kinase expression is regulat ...	2004	14749893
disruption of the gene encoding the v-atpase subunit a results in inhibition of normal growth and abolished sporulation in aspergillus nidulans.	the authors have previously reported on molecular responses of aspergillus nidulans to bacterial antifungal metabolites, e.g. bafilomycins and the related concanamycins. these compounds are known inhibitors of v-atpases and cause dramatic effects on mycelial growth and morphology. in neurospora crassa, studies have shown that disruption of the gene encoding subunit a of the v-atpase results in morphological changes and reduced growth similar to those observed after addition of concanamycin. this ...	2004	14993324
the early impact of genetics on our understanding of cell cycle regulation in aspergillus nidulans.	the application of genetic analysis was crucial to the rapid progress that has been made in cell cycle research. ron morris, one of the first to apply genetics to cell cycle research, developed aspergillus nidulans into an important model system for the analysis of many aspects of cell biology. within the area of cell cycle research, ron's laboratory is noted for development of novel cell biological and molecular genetic approaches as well as seminal insights regarding the regulation of mitosis, ...	2004	14998523
tubulins in aspergillus nidulans.	the discovery and characterization of the tubulin superfamily in aspergillus nidulans is described. remarkably, the genes that encode alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tubulins were all identified first in a. nidulans. there are two alpha-tubulin genes, tuba and tubb, two beta-tubulin genes, bena and tubc, and one gamma-tubulin gene, mipa. hyphal tubulin is encoded mainly by the essential genes tuba and bena. tubc is expressed during conidiation and tubb is required for the sexual cycle. promoter swappin ...	2004	14998525
aspergillus nidulans as a model system to characterize the dna damage response in eukaryotes.	interest in dna repair in aspergillus nidulans had mainly grown out of studies of three different biological processes, namely mitotic recombination, inducible responses to detrimental environmental changes, and genetic control of the cell cycle. ron morris started the investigation of the genetic control of the cell cycle by screening hundreds of cell cycle temperature sensitive aspergillus mutants. the sequencing and innovative analysis of these genes revealed not only several components of th ...	2004	14998526
nuclear migration and positioning in filamentous fungi.	genetic analyses of nuclear distribution mutants have indicated that functions of the microtubule motor, cytoplasmic dynein, and its regulators are important for nuclear positioning in filamentous fungi. here we review these studies and also present the need to further dissect how dynein and its associated microtubule cytoskeleton are involved mechanistically in nuclear positioning in the multinucleated hyphae.	2004	14998524
cadre: the central aspergillus data repository.	cadre is a public resource for housing and analysing genomic data extracted from species of aspergillus. it arose to enable maintenance of the complete annotated genomic sequence of aspergillus fumigatus and to provide tools for searching, analysing and visualizing features of fungal genomes. by implementing cadre using ensembl, a framework is in place for storing and comparing several genomes: the resource will thus expand by including other aspergillus genomes (such as aspergillus nidulans) as ...	2004	14681443
high efficiency transformation of penicillium nalgiovense with integrative and autonomously replicating plasmids.	penicillium nalgiovense is a filamentous fungus that is acquiring increasing biotechnological importance in the food industry due to its widespread use as starter culture for cured and fermented meat products. strains of p. nalgiovense can be improved by genetic modification to remove the production of penicillin and other potentially hazardous secondary metabolites, to improve its capacity to control the growth of undesirable fungi and bacteria on the meat product, and other factors that contri ...	2004	14698104
the lipid body protein, ppoa, coordinates sexual and asexual sporulation in aspergillus nidulans.	the coexistence of sexual and asexual reproductive cycles within the same individual is a striking phenomenon in numerous fungi. in the fungus aspergillus nidulans (teleomorph: emericella nidulans) endogenous oxylipins, called psi factor, serve as hormone-like signals that modulate the timing and balance between sexual and asexual spore development. here, we report the identification of a. nidulans ppoa, encoding a putative fatty acid dioxygenase, involved in the biosynthesis of the linoleic aci ...	2004	14699095
the lis1-related protein nudf of aspergillus nidulans and its interaction partner nude bind directly to specific subunits of dynein and dynactin and to alpha- and gamma-tubulin.		2004	14712821
aspergillus niger msta encodes a high-affinity sugar/h+ symporter which is regulated in response to extracellular ph.	a sugar-transporter-encoding gene, msta, which is a member of the major facilitator superfamily, has been cloned from a genomic dna library of the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger. to enable the functional characterization of msta, a full-length cdna was expressed in a saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deficient in hexose uptake. uptake experiments using 14c-labelled monosaccharides demonstrated that although able to transport d-fructose ( k(m), 4.5+/-1.0 mm), d-xylose ( k(m), 0.3+/-0.1 mm) an ...	2004	14717659
fungal ammonia fermentation, a novel metabolic mechanism that couples the dissimilatory and assimilatory pathways of both nitrate and ethanol. role of acetyl coa synthetase in anaerobic atp synthesis.	fungal ammonia fermentation is a novel dissimilatory metabolic mechanism that supplies energy under anoxic conditions. the fungus fusarium oxysporum reduces nitrate to ammonium and simultaneously oxidizes ethanol to acetate to generate atp (zhou, z., takaya, n., nakamura, a., yamaguchi, m., takeo, k., and shoun, h. (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, 1892-1896). we identified the aspergillus nidulans genes involved in ammonia fermentation by analyzing fungal mutants. the results showed that assimilatory ...	2004	14722082
the aspergillus nidulans amds gene as a marker for the identification of multicopy t-dna integration events in agrobacterium-mediated transformation of aspergillus awamori.	the aspergillus nidulans amds selection marker was used for the identification of multicopy t-dna insertions in agrobacterium-mediated transformation of asp. awamori. the selection of transformants on agar plates containing acetamide as sole nitrogen source and hygromycin resulted in a six-fold decrease in the transformation frequency, compared with the transformation frequency obtained after hygromycin selection alone. however, it was found that 47% of the transformants obtained after hygromyci ...	2004	15045526
aspergillus fumigatus rasa and rasb regulate the timing and morphology of asexual development.	expression of rasa plays an important role in conidial germination in aspergillus nidulans. conidial germination is required to initiate both infection and asexual development in the opportunistic pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. therefore, we sought to determine the requirements for ras proteins in conidial germination and asexual development of a. fumigatus. a second homolog, rasb, has been identified that characterizes a new subclass of ras genes. dominant active (da) and dominant negative (dn ...	2004	14732259
meab is a component of the methylmalonyl-coa mutase complex required for protection of the enzyme from inactivation.	adenosylcobalamin-dependent methylmalonyl-coa mutase catalyzes the interconversion of methylmalonyl-coa and succinyl-coa. in humans, deficiencies in the mutase lead to methylmalonic aciduria, a rare disease that is fatal in the first year of life. such inherited deficiencies can result from mutations in the mutase structural gene or from mutations that impair the acquisition of cobalamins. recently, a human gene of unknown function, mmaa, has been implicated in methylmalonic aciduria (dobson, c. ...	2004	14734568
mate transposable elements in aspergillus nidulans: evidence of repeat-induced point mutation.	the sequences of five mate transposable elements were retrieved from the aspergillus nidulans genome sequence. these elements are 6.1 kb in length and are characterized by 9-10 bp target site duplications, paired approximately 40 bp palindromes close to each end, and in the unmutated elements, 57 clustered spe-motifs (rwctagwy) scattered through their length. short open reading frames have no known homology. two of the mate elements have numerous c --> t transitions on both dna strands relative ...	2004	14761791
chromatin rearrangements in the prnd-prnb bidirectional promoter: dependence on transcription factors.	the prnd-prnb intergenic region regulates the divergent transcription of the genes encoding proline oxidase and the major proline transporter. eight nucleosomes are positioned in this region. upon induction, the positioning of these nucleosomes is lost. this process depends on the specific transcriptional activator prna but not on the general gata factor area. induction of prnb but not prnd can be elicited by amino acid starvation. a specific nucleosomal pattern in the prnb proximal region is as ...	2004	14871945
nek2a interacts with mad1 and possibly functions as a novel integrator of the spindle checkpoint signaling.	chromosome segregation in mitosis is orchestrated by protein kinase signaling cascades. a biochemical cascade named spindle checkpoint ensures the spatial and temporal order of chromosome segregation during mitosis. here we report that spindle checkpoint protein mad1 interacts with nek2a, a human orthologue of the aspergillus nidulans nima kinase. mad1 interacts with nek2a in vitro and in vivo via a leucine zipper-containing domain located at the c terminus of mad1. like mad1, nek2a is localized ...	2004	14978040
a putative g protein-coupled receptor negatively controls sexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) are key components of heterotrimeric g protein-mediated signalling pathways that detect environmental signals and confer rapid cellular responses. to broaden our understanding of signalling mechanisms in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, intensive analyses of the aspergillus nidulans genome have been carried out and nine genes (gpra approximately gpri) that are predicted to encode seven transmembrane spanning gpcrs have been identified. six of nine ...	2004	14982628
molecular cloning and functional characterization of avab, a gene encoding vam6p/vps39p-like protein in aspergillus nidulans.	it has been demonstrated that saccharomyces cerevisiae vam6p/vps39p plays a critical role in the tethering steps of vacuolar membrane fusion by facilitating guanine nucleotide exchange on small guanosine triphosphatase (gtpase) vam4p/ypt7p. we report here the identification and characterization of a novel protein in aspergillus nidulans, avab, that exhibits similarity to vam6p/vps39p and plays a critical role in vacuolar morphogenesis in a. nidulans. avab is comprised of 1058 amino acids with am ...	2004	15019743
biosynthesis and uptake of siderophores is controlled by the pacc-mediated ambient-ph regulatory system in aspergillus nidulans.	biosynthesis and uptake of siderophores in aspergillus nidulans are regulated not only by iron availability but also by ambient ph: expression of this high-affinity iron uptake system is elevated by an increase in the ambient ph. mediation of this regulation by the transcriptional regulator pacc has been confirmed via acidity- and alkalinity-mimicking mutants.	2004	15075286
the neurospora crassa cfp promoter drives a carbon source-dependent expression of transgenes in filamentous fungi.	the objective of the present study was to determine the potential of promoter sequences from the cfp gene of neurospora crassa to drive the expression of transgenes in filamentous fungi.	2004	15139917
identification and characterization of a nitrate transporter gene in neurospora crassa.	the neurospora crassa genome database was searched for sequence similarity to crna, a nitrate transporter in aspergillus nidulans. a 3.9-kb fragment (contig 3.416, subsequence 183190-187090) was cloned by pcr. the gene coding for this nitrate transporter was termed nit-10. the nit-10 gene specifies a predicted polypeptide containing 541 amino acids with a molecular mass of 57 kda. in contrast to crna, which is clustered together with niad, encoding nitrate reductase, and niia, encoding nitrite r ...	2004	15068336
nek8, a nima family kinase member, is overexpressed in primary human breast tumors.	the family of human nek (nima related kinase) kinases currently contains 11 members. we have identified nek8 as a new member of the nek kinase family. for many of the nek family members, primary tumor expression data and function have been limited. however, all of the nek family proteins share considerable homology with the never in mitosis, gene a (nima) kinase from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. nima, as well as its most closely related human ortholog, nek2, are required for g(2) ...	2004	15019993
crea-mediated carbon catabolite repression of beta-galactosidase formation in aspergillus nidulans is growth rate dependent.	carbon catabolite repression by the crea-transcriptional repressor is widespread in filamentous fungi, but the mechanism by which glucose triggers carbon catabolite repression is still poorly understood. we investigated the hypothesis that the growth rate on glucose may control crea-dependent carbon catabolite repression by using glucose-limited chemostat cultures and the intracellular beta-galactosidase activity of aspergillus nidulans, which is repressed by glucose, as a model system. chemosta ...	2004	15158274
ren1 is required for development of microconidia and macroconidia, but not of chlamydospores, in the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum.	the filamentous fungus fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne facultative parasite that causes economically important losses in a wide variety of crops. f. oxysporum exhibits filamentous growth on agar media and undergoes asexual development producing three kinds of spores: microconidia, macroconidia, and chlamydospores. ellipsoidal microconidia and falcate macroconidia are formed from phialides by basipetal division; globose chlamydospores with thick walls are formed acrogenously from hyphae or by ...	2004	15020411
enzyme reactions and genes in aflatoxin biosynthesis.	aflatoxins are highly toxic and carcinogenic substances mainly produced by aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus. sterigmatocystin is a penultimate precursor of aflatoxins and also a toxic and carcinogenic substance produced by many species, including aspergillus nidulans. recently, the majority of the enzyme reactions involved in aflatoxin/sterigmatocystin biosynthesis have been clarified, and the genes encoding the enzymes have been isolated. most of the genes constitute a large gene ...	2004	15022028
synthesis and antifungal properties of compounds which target the alpha-aminoadipate pathway.	fungi synthesize lysine via the alpha-aminoadipate pathway, which is not found in plants or animals. this pathway has been proposed as a target for antifungal agents, but until now no reports have appeared to test this proposal. hampering studies on the susceptibility of filamentous fungi such as those of the clinically important genus aspergillus is the fact that growth quantitation is notoriously difficult. we have used the recently-reported xtt-based method of biomass quantitation to measure ...	2004	15025175
ethylene modulates development and toxin biosynthesis in aspergillus possibly via an ethylene sensor-mediated signaling pathway.	ethylene, a biologically active natural compound, inhibited aflatoxin accumulation by aspergillus parasiticus on a solid growth medium in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 0.1 to 150 ppm. the activity of the nor-1 promoter (an early aflatoxin gene) was reduced to nondetectable levels by similar quantities of ethylene, suggesting that the inhibitory effect on toxin synthesis occurred, at least in part, at the level of transcription. the inhibitory effect of ethylene on aflatoxin accumu ...	2004	15035355
cremophor el stimulates mitotic recombination in uvsh//uvsh diploid strain of aspergillus nidulans.	cremophor el is a solubilizer and emulsifier agent used in the pharmaceutical and foodstuff industries. the solvent is the principal constituent of paclitaxel's clinical formulation vehicle. since mitotic recombination plays a crucial role in multistep carcinogenesis, the study of the recombinagenic potential of chemical compounds is of the utmost importance. in our research genotoxicity of cremophor el has been studied by using an uvsh//uvsh diploid strain of aspergillus nidulans. since it spen ...	2004	15048194
molecular characterization of protein o-mannosyltransferase and its involvement in cell-wall synthesis in aspergillus nidulans.	protein o-glycosylation is essential for protein modification and plays important roles in eukaryotic cells. o-mannosylation of proteins occurs in the filamentous fungus aspergillus. the structure and function of the pmta gene, encoding protein o-d-mannosyltransferase, which is responsible for the initial o-mannosylation reaction in aspergillus nidulans, was characterized. disruption of the pmta gene resulted in the reduction of in vitro protein o-d-mannosyltransferase activity to 6 % of that of ...	2004	15184583
structure and biological functions of fungal cerebrosides.	ceramide monohexosides (cmhs, cerebrosides) are glycosphingolipids composed of a hydrophobic ceramide linked to one sugar unit. in fungal cells, cmhs are very conserved molecules consisting of a ceramide moiety containing 9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine in amidic linkage to 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic or 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acids, and a carbohydrate portion consisting of one residue of glucose or galactose. 9-methyl 4,8-sphingadienine-containing ceramides are usually glycosylated to form fungal cerebros ...	2004	15048196
a basic-region helix-loop-helix protein-encoding gene (devr) involved in the development of aspergillus nidulans.	basic-region helix-loop-helix (bhlh) proteins form an interesting class of eukaryotic transcription factors often involved in developmental processes. here, a so far unknown bhlh protein-encoding gene of the filamentous ascomycete aspergillus nidulans was isolated and designated devr for regulator of development. deletion of devr revealed that the gene is non-essential for vegetative growth. however, the deletion mutant produced wrinkled colonies, a yellow pigment and did not form conidia on min ...	2004	15049823
successful elimination of an invasive aspergillus nidulans lung infection by voriconazole after failure of a combination of caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin b in a boy with chronic granulomatous disease.	chronic granulomatous disease is an inherited defect in host defense mechanisms mainly affecting neutrophil function. pulmonary infection with aspergillus nidulans in a child with chronic granulomatous disease could not be eliminated by a combination of caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin b. voriconazole was successful in clearing the infection.	2004	15194848
negative subtraction hybridization: an efficient method to isolate large numbers of condition-specific cdnas.	the construction of cdna libraries is a useful tool to understand gene expression in organisms under different conditions, but random sequencing of unbiased cdna collections is laborious and can give rise to redundant est collections. we aimed to isolate cdnas of messages induced by switching aspergillus nidulans from growth on glucose to growth on selected polysaccharides. approximately 4,700 contigs from 12,320 ests were already available from a cdna library representing transcripts isolated f ...	2004	15050035
dual-color imaging of nuclear division and mitotic spindle elongation in live cells of aspergillus nidulans.	we have developed a dual-color imaging system based on cyan fluorescent protein-labeled histone h2a and green fluorescent protein-labeled alpha tubulin to visualize dna and spindles simultaneously in the same living cell of aspergillus nidulans. this system allows new details of mitosis and nuclear movement to be revealed.	2004	15075284
deletion of the aspergillus fumigatus lysine biosynthesis gene lysf encoding homoaconitase leads to attenuated virulence in a low-dose mouse infection model of invasive aspergillosis.	aspergillus fumigatus is an important pathogen of the immunocompromised host, causing pneumonia and invasive disseminated disease with high mortality. in order to determine the importance of lysine biosynthesis for growth and pathogenicity, the a. fumigatus lysf gene, encoding a homologue of the a. nidulans homoaconitase lysf, was cloned and characterized. cosmid cosgtm encoding lysf complemented a lysf mutant of aspergillus nidulans. a. fumigatus lysf was deleted, resulting in a lysine-auxotrop ...	2004	15052376
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.	agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (agro-transformation) was successfully applied to the entomogenous fungus beauveria bassiana. conidia of b. bassiana were transformed to hygromycin b resistance using the hph gene of escherichia coli as the selective trait, under the control of a heterologous fungal promoter and the aspergillus nidulans trpc terminator. the efficiency of transformation was up to 28 and 96 transformants per 10(4) and 10(5) target conidia, respectively, using three ...	2004	15234517
airborne fungi in industrial environments--potential agents of respiratory diseases.	investigations on airborne fungi in a poultry house, a swinery, a feed preparing and storing house, a grain mill, a wooden panel producing factory, and organic waste recycling facilities have been carried out in lithuania. low concentrations of fungal spores were detected in the wooden panel producing factory, the swinery, the feed preparing and storing house, and the poultry house; moderate concentrations were found in the organic waste recycling facilities; high concentrations were revealed at ...	2004	15236494
ph control of the production of recombinant glucose oxidase in aspergillus nidulans.	recombinant aspergillus nidulans sval040, capable of synthesizing and secreting glucose oxidase derived from aspergillus niger was used to study the influence of ph and carbon source on enzyme production.	2004	15239699
biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyalkanoates) by metabolically engineered escherichia coli strains.	biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) consisting of 3-hydroxy-alkanoates (3has) of 4 to 10 carbon atoms was examined in metabolically engineered escherichia coli strains. when the fada and/or fadb mutant e. coli strains harboring the plasmid containing the pseudomonas sp. 61-3 phac2 gene and the ralstonia eutropha phaab genes were cultured in luria-bertani (lb) medium supplemented with 2 g/l of sodium decanoate, all the recombinant e. coli strains synthesized phas consisting of c4, c6, c8 ...	2004	15054261