| a longitudinal study on anopheles mosquito larval abundance in distinct geographical and environmental settings in western kenya. | abstract: | 2011 | 21477340 |
| 'a bite before bed': exposure to malaria vectors outside the times of net use in the highlands of western kenya. | the human population in the highlands of nyanza province, western kenya, is subject to sporadic epidemics of plasmodium falciparum. indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) are used widely in this area. these interventions are most effective when anopheles rest and feed indoors and when biting occurs at times when individuals use llins. it is therefore important to test the current assumption of vector feeding preferences, and late night feeding times, in ... | 2015 | 26109384 |
| application of broad-spectrum resequencing microarray for genotyping rhabdoviruses. | the rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is critical in the control of infectious disease. to this end, we analyzed the capacity for viral detection and identification of a newly described high-density resequencing microarray (rma), termed pathogenid, which was designed for multiple pathogen detection using database similarity searching. we focused on one of the largest and most diverse viral families described to date, the family rhabdoviridae. we demonstrate that this approach has th ... | 2010 | 20610710 |
| exploring the origin and degree of genetic isolation of anopheles gambiae from the islands of são tomé and príncipe, potential sites for testing transgenic-based vector control. | the evolutionary processes at play between island and mainland populations of the malaria mosquito vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto are of great interest as islands may be suitable sites for preliminary application of transgenic-based vector control strategies. são tomé and príncipe, located off the west african coast, have received such attention in recent years. this study investigates the degree of isolation of an. gambiae s.s. populations between these islands and the mainland based on ... | 2008 | 25567803 |
| malaria in mauritania: retrospective and prospective overview. | malaria has become a major public health problem in mauritania since the 1990s, with an average of 181,000 cases per year and 2,233,066 persons at risk during 1995-2012. this paper provides the first publicly available overview of malaria incidence and distribution in mauritania. information on the burden and malaria species distribution is critical for guiding national efforts in malaria control. as the incidence of malaria changes over time, regular updates of epidemiological data are necessar ... | 2015 | 25880759 |
| biology of mosquitoes that are potential vectors of rift valley fever virus in different biotopes of the central highlands of madagascar. | there were epidemic-epizootics of rift valley fever (rvf) affecting humans and cattle in madagascar in the district of anjozorobe in 2008. little is known about the role of malagasy mosquitoes in the circulation of rvf virus. therefore, we investigated the species diversity, dynamics and biology of potential rvf virus vectors in the rainforest, rainforest edge (village of anorana), and savanna biotope (village of antanifotsy) of this district between november 2008 and july 2010. we captured 56,6 ... | 2013 | 23802456 |
| a cost-effective, community-based, mosquito-trapping scheme that captures spatial and temporal heterogeneities of malaria transmission in rural zambia. | monitoring mosquito population dynamics is essential to guide selection and evaluation of malaria vector control interventions but is typically implemented by mobile, centrally-managed teams who can only visit a limited number of locations frequently enough to capture longitudinal trends. community-based (cb) mosquito trapping schemes for parallel, continuous monitoring of multiple locations are therefore required that are practical, affordable, effective, and reliable. | 2014 | 24906704 |
| zika virus: an updated review of competent or naturally infected mosquitoes. | zika virus (zikv) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that recently caused outbreaks in the americas. over the past 60 years, this virus has been observed circulating among african, asian, and pacific island populations, but little attention has been paid by the scientific community until the discovery that large-scale urban zikv outbreaks were associated with neurological complications such as microcephaly and several other neurological malformations in fetuses and newborns. this paper is a ... | 2017 | 29145400 |
| bionomics of anopheline species and malaria transmission dynamics along an altitudinal transect in western cameroon. | highland areas of africa are mostly malaria hypoendemic, due to climate which is not appropriate for anophelines development and their reproductive fitness. in view of designing a malaria control strategy in western cameroon highlands, baseline data on anopheline species bionomics were collected. | 2010 | 20482824 |
| agro-ecosystems impact malaria prevalence: large-scale irrigation drives vector population in western ethiopia. | development strategies in ethiopia have largely focused on the expansion of irrigated agriculture in the last decade to reduce poverty and promote economic growth. however, such irrigation schemes can worsen the socio-economic state by aggravating the problem of mosquito-borne diseases. in this study, the effect of agro-ecosystem practices on malaria prevalence and the risk of malaria transmission by the primary vector mosquito, anopheles arabiensis, in ethiopia were investigated. | 2013 | 24083353 |
| monitoring malaria vector control interventions: effectiveness of five different adult mosquito sampling methods. | long-term success of ongoing malaria control efforts based on mosquito bed nets (long-lasting insecticidal net) and indoor residual spraying is dependent on continuous monitoring of mosquito vectors, and thus on effective mosquito sampling tools. the objective of our study was to identify the most efficient mosquito sampling tool(s) for routine vector surveillance for malaria and lymphatic filariasis transmission in coastal kenya. we evaluated relative efficacy of five collection methods--light ... | 0 | 24180120 |
| standardizing operational vector sampling techniques for measuring malaria transmission intensity: evaluation of six mosquito collection methods in western kenya. | operational vector sampling methods lack standardization, making quantitative comparisons of malaria transmission across different settings difficult. human landing catch (hlc) is considered the research gold standard for measuring human-mosquito contact, but is unsuitable for large-scale sampling. this study assessed mosquito catch rates of cdc light trap (cdc-lt), ifakara tent trap (itt), window exit trap (wet), pot resting trap (prt), and box resting trap (brt) relative to hlc in western keny ... | 2013 | 23631641 |
| new insights into the population structure of anopheles gambiae s.s. in the gulf of guinea islands revealed by herves transposable elements. | transposable elements (tes) are mobile portions of dna that are able to replicate and spread in the genome of many organisms. tes can be used as a means to insert transgenes in insects, being stably inherited throughout generations. anopheles gambiae is the main vector of human malaria in sub-saharan africa. given the extraordinary burden this disease imposes, the mosquito became a choice target for genetic control approaches with the purpose of reducing malaria transmission. in this study, we i ... | 2013 | 23638171 |
| the role of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles coustani in indoor and outdoor malaria transmission in taveta district, kenya. | the scaling up of malaria vector control efforts in africa has resulted in changing the malaria vectorial systems across different ecological settings. in view of the ongoing trends in vector population dynamics, abundance, species composition and parasite infectiousness, there is a need to understand vector distribution and their contribution to malaria transmission to facilitate future planning of control strategies. we studied indoor and outdoor malaria transmission dynamics and vector popula ... | 2013 | 23601146 |
| response of anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) to larval habitat age in western kenya highlands. | larval control is of paramount importance in the reduction of vector populations. previous observations have suggested that, larvae of anopheles gambiae s.l occur more often in small temporary habitats while other studies showed that long-lasting stable habitats are more productive than unstable habitats. in addition, the physical and biological conditions and stability of larval habitats can change rapidly in natural conditions. therefore, we examined the effect of larval habitat age on product ... | 2013 | 23324330 |
| impact of cyfluthrin (solfac ew050) impregnated bed nets on malaria transmission in the city of mbandjock : lessons for the nationwide distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) in cameroon. | insecticide treated materials remain the mainstay for malaria prevention. the current study reports on the entomological impact of cyfluthrin impregnated bed nets on malaria transmission in mbandjock, a semi urban locality in southern cameroon. several findings pertaining to the recent distribution of llins across cameroon are discussed. | 2013 | 23311927 |
| malaria vectors in lake victoria and adjacent habitats in western kenya. | the prevalence of malaria among the residents of the lake victoria basin remains high. the environment associated with the lake may maintain a high number of malaria vectors. lake habitats including water hyacinths have been suspected to be the source of vectors. this study investigated whether malaria vectors breed in the lake habitats and adjacent backwater pools. anopheline larvae were collected within the littoral zone of the lake and adjacent pools located along approximately 24.3 km of the ... | 2012 | 22412913 |
| evaluation of two methods of estimating larval habitat productivity in western kenya highlands. | malaria vector intervention and control programs require reliable and accurate information about vector abundance and their seasonal distribution. the availability of reliable information on the spatial and temporal productivity of larval vector habitats can improve targeting of larval control interventions and our understanding of local malaria transmission and epidemics. the main objective of this study was to evaluate two methods of estimating larval habitat productivity in the western kenyan ... | 2011 | 21682875 |
| detection of plasmodium falciparum infection in anopheles squamosus (diptera: culicidae) in an area targeted for malaria elimination, southern zambia. | southern zambia is the focus of strategies to create malaria-free zones. interventions being rolled out include test and treat strategies and distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets that target vectors that host-seek indoors and late at night. in macha, choma district, collections of mosquitoes were made outdoors using barrier screens within homesteads or uv bulb light traps set next to goats, cattle, or chickens during the rainy season of 2015. anopheline mosquitoes were identified to spec ... | 2016 | 27297214 |
| arbovirus and insect-specific virus discovery in kenya by novel six genera multiplex high-resolution melting analysis. | a broad diversity of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of global health concern are endemic to east africa, yet most surveillance efforts are limited to just a few key viral pathogens. additionally, estimates of arbovirus diversity in the tropics are likely to be underestimated as their discovery has lagged significantly over past decades due to limitations in fast and sensitive arbovirus identification methods. here, we developed a nearly pan-arbovirus detection assay that uses high-resolut ... | 2016 | 27482633 |
| phylogeny of anopheline (diptera: culicidae) species in southern africa, based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. | a phylogeny of anthropophilic and zoophilic anopheline mosquito species was constructed, using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi) genes. the its2 alignment, typically difficult due to its noncoding nature and large size variations, was aided by using predicted secondary structure, making this phylogenetically useful gene more amenable to investigation. this phylogeny is unique in explicitly including zoophilic, non-vector anophel ... | 0 | 26047180 |
| modeling larval malaria vector habitat locations using landscape features and cumulative precipitation measures. | predictive models of malaria vector larval habitat locations may provide a basis for understanding the spatial determinants of malaria transmission. | 2014 | 24903736 |
| reemergence of anopheles funestus as a vector of plasmodium falciparum in western kenya after long-term implementation of insecticide-treated bed nets. | historically, the malaria vectors in western kenya have been anopheles funestus, anopheles gambiae s.s., and anopheles arabiensis. of these species, an. funestus populations declined the most after the introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) in the 1990s in asembo, and collections of an. funestus in the region remained low until at least 2008. contrary to findings during the early years of itn use in asembo, the majority of the anopheles collected here in 2010 and 2011 were an. funes ... | 2014 | 24470562 |
| biting by anopheles funestus in broad daylight after use of long-lasting insecticidal nets: a new challenge to malaria elimination. | malaria control is mainly based on indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets. the efficacy of these tools depends on the behaviour of mosquitoes, which varies by species. with resistance to insecticides, mosquitoes adapt their behaviour to ensure their survival and reproduction. the aim of this study was to assess the biting behaviour of anopheles funestus after the implementation of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins). | 2014 | 24678587 |
| environmentally friendly tool to control mosquito populations without risk of insecticide resistance: the lehmann's funnel entry trap. | current malaria control strategies have cut down the malaria burden in many endemic areas, however the emergence and rapid spread of insecticide and drug resistance undermine the success of these efforts. there is growing concern that malaria eradication will not be achieved without the introduction of novel control tools. one approach that has been developed in the last few years is based on house screening to reduce indoor mosquito vector densities and consequently decrease malaria transmissio ... | 2013 | 23758904 |
| review of the malaria epidemiology and trends in zambia. | a comprehensive desk review of malaria trends was conducted between 2000-2010 in zambia to study malaria epidemiology and trends to guide strategies and approaches for effective malaria control. this review considered data from the national health information management system, malaria surveys and programme review reports and analyzed malaria in-patient cases and deaths in relation to intervention coverage for all ages. data showed three distinct epidemiological strata after a notable malaria re ... | 0 | 23593585 |
| haemosporidian parasites of antelopes and other vertebrates from gabon, central africa. | re-examination, using molecular tools, of the diversity of haemosporidian parasites (among which the agents of human malaria are the best known) has generally led to rearrangements of traditional classifications. in this study, we explored the diversity of haemosporidian parasites infecting vertebrate species (particularly mammals, birds and reptiles) living in the forests of gabon (central africa), by analyzing a collection of 492 bushmeat samples. we found that samples from five mammalian spec ... | 2016 | 26863304 |
| effect of deforestation and land use changes on mosquito productivity and development in western kenya highlands: implication for malaria risk. | african highlands were known to be free of malaria for the past 50 years. however, the ever growing human population in the highlands of africa has led to the deforestation and land coverage changes to create space for more land for cultivation, grazing, and house construction materials needs. this has lead to the creation of suitable breeding habitats, which are in open places. decrease of canopy and forest cover has led to increased temperature both in outdoors and indoors in deforested areas. ... | 2016 | 27833907 |
| similar trends of susceptibility in anopheles arabiensis and anopheles pharoensis to plasmodium vivax infection in ethiopia. | around half of the global population is living in areas at risk of malaria infection. plasmodium vivax malaria has become increasingly prevalent and responsible for a high health and socio-economic burden in ethiopia. the availability of gametocyte carriers and mosquito species susceptible to p. vivax infection are vital for malaria transmission. determining the susceptibility of vector species to parasite infection in space and time is important in vector control programs. this study assesses t ... | 2016 | 27756355 |
| composition and genetics of malaria vector populations in the central african republic. | in many african countries malaria has declined sharply due to a synergy of actions marked by the introduction of vector control strategies, but the disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in central african republic (car). an entomological study was initiated with the aim to characterize the malaria vectors in bangui, the capital of car, and determine their vector competence. | 2016 | 27456078 |
| chicken volatiles repel host-seeking malaria mosquitoes. | anopheles arabiensis is a dominant vector of malaria in sub-saharan africa, which feeds indoors and outdoors on human and other vertebrate hosts, making it a difficult species to control with existing control methods. novel methods that reduce human-vector interactions are, therefore, required to improve the impact of vector control programmes. investigating the mechanisms underlying the host discrimination process in an. arabiensis could provide valuable knowledge leading to the development of ... | 2016 | 27439360 |
| avian malaria prevalence and mosquito abundance in the western cape, south africa. | the close relationship between vector-borne diseases and their environment is well documented, especially for diseases with water-dependent vectors such as avian malaria. mosquitoes are the primary vectors of avian malaria and also the definitive hosts in the disease life cycle. factors pertinent to mosquito ecology are likely to be influential to observed infection patterns; such factors include rainfall, season, temperature, and water quality. | 2013 | 24160170 |
| vector competence of culex antennatus and anopheles coustani mosquitoes for rift valley fever virus in madagascar. | culex antennatus (diptera: culicidae), anopheles coustani (diptera: culicidae) and anopheles squamosus/cydippis were found to be infected with rift valley fever virus (rvfv) during an epidemic that occurred in 2008 and 2009 in madagascar. to understand the roles played by cx. antennatus and an. coustani in virus maintenance and transmission, rvfv vector competence was assessed in each species. mosquito body parts and saliva of mosquitoes that fed on rvfv-infected blood were tested for rvfv using ... | 2018 | 29383746 |
| de novo profiling of rna viruses in anopheles malaria vector mosquitoes from forest ecological zones in senegal and cambodia. | mosquitoes are colonized by a large but mostly uncharacterized natural virome of rna viruses, and the composition and distribution of the natural rna virome may influence the biology and immunity of anopheles malaria vector populations. | 2019 | 31429704 |
| dry season occurrence of anopheles mosquitoes and implications in jabi tehnan district, west gojjam zone, ethiopia. | generating evidence on the dry season occurrence of the larval and adult stages of anopheles mosquitoes helps to design effective malaria vector control strategy as the populations of the vectors is expected to be low. | 2018 | 30497495 |
| microdam impoundments provide suitable habitat for larvae of malaria vectors: an observational study in western kenya. | impoundments formed by microdams in rural areas of africa are important sources of water for people, but they provide potential larval habitats for anopheles (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes that are vectors of malaria. to study this association, the perimeters of 31 microdam impoundments in western kenya were sampled for anopheles larvae in three zones (patches of floating and emergent vegetation, shorelines of open water, and aggregations of cattle hoofprints) across dry and rainy seasons. of 3 ... | 2018 | 29462354 |
| assessing the presence of wuchereria bancrofti infections in vectors using xenomonitoring in lymphatic filariasis endemic districts in ghana. | mass drug administration (mda) is the current mainstay to interrupt the transmission of lymphatic filariasis. to monitor whether mda is effective and transmission of lymphatic filariasis indeed has been interrupted, rigorous surveillance is required. assessment of transmission by programme managers is usually done via serology. new research suggests that xenomonitoring holds promise for determining the success of lymphatic filariasis interventions. the objective of this study was to assess wuche ... | 2019 | 30884886 |
| biodiversity pattern of mosquitoes in southeastern senegal, epidemiological implication in arbovirus and malaria transmission. | the composition, density, diversity, and temporal distribution of mosquito species and the influence of temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall on these data were investigated in 50 sites across five land cover classes (forest, savannah, barren, village, and agriculture) in southeastern senegal. mosquitoes were collected monthly in each site between june 2009 and march 2011, with three people collecting mosquitoes landing on their legs for one to four consecutive days. in total, 81,219 spec ... | 2019 | 30428055 |
| indoor and outdoor malaria vector surveillance in western kenya: implications for better understanding of residual transmission. | the widespread use of indoor-based malaria vector control interventions has been shown to alter the behaviour of vectors in africa. there is an increasing concern that such changes could sustain residual transmission. this study was conducted to assess vector species composition, feeding behaviour and their contribution to indoor and outdoor malaria transmission in western kenya. | 2017 | 29110670 |
| composition of anopheles mosquitoes, their blood-meal hosts, and plasmodium falciparum infection rates in three islands with disparate bed net coverage in lake victoria, kenya. | small islands serve as potential malaria reservoirs through which new infections might come to the mainland and may be important targets in malaria elimination efforts. this study investigated malaria vector species diversity, blood-meal hosts, plasmodium infection rates, and long-lasting insecticidal net (llin) coverage on mageta, magare and ngodhe islands of lake victoria in western kenya, a region where extensive vector control is implemented on the mainland. | 2017 | 28886724 |