Publications

[adipose tissue as a target organ of infection with coxsackie virus b3: detection of viral antigens by immunofluorescent technique].		1984	6099627
quantitative evaluation of the effects of disinfectants against viruses in suspension experiments.	time concentration relations in virus-disinfection by formaldehyde, benzalkonium-chloride, ethanol and isopropanol are evaluated. the exposure time needed to reduce the number of plaque-forming units (pfu) by 10(-3) (99.9%) at a given disinfectant concentration was determined. influenzavirus, coxsackie b viruses, herpesvirus and mumpsvirus were used in the experiments. formaldehyde is effective at very low concentrations, provided that sufficient time is allowed for reaction, but has little use ...	1984	6099667
the relationship of myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy.	three patients with congestive cardiomyopathy are reported in whom high neutralizing antibody titres to coxsackie b viruses were detected. at post-mortem examination, all three had histologically demonstrable chronic inflammation of the myocardium. the hearts of ten patients dying in cardiac failure due to other causes showed no comparable inflammatory infiltration. this provides further evidence that coxsackie b viral myocarditis is involved in the pathogenesis of some cases of dilated cardiomy ...	1984	6100098
[coxsackie b5 infection in a newborn infant. meningoencephalitis and myocarditis].	a coxsackie virus b5 was isolated from a neonate with aseptic meningitis and myocardial dysfunction. this infection is probably acquired in utero: a high level of specific antibodies was found in the mother and the titer increase later on. at 34 months the baby is totally free of sequelae.	1984	6100130
antibodies against coxsackie b2 virus in infants and children in delhi.		1984	6100184
incidence of coxsackievirus b type 4 (cb4) infections concomitant with onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	from september 1979 to august 1981, a total of 25 children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) were admitted for management to the pediatric ward, lubbock general hospital, lubbock, texas. parents of the 24 admitted patients gave informed consent for their child to participate in the study. while hospitalized, all study patients donated early-phase (acute) blood samples and specimens for virus isolation attempts. eighteen of the 24 patients originally enrolled in the ...	1984	6086833
[electron microscopic diagnosis of viral diseases].	rotaviruses were detected in 58 among 194 children with nonbacterial gastroenteritis whose feces were examined by direct electron microscopy and immune electron microscopy (iem). identification of coxsackie b viruses isolated from patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis by iem and the neutralization tests gave similar results (coxsackie b6). besides, iem detected the accompanying virus types.	1984	6087565
[detection of coxsackie virus b in sewage and a correlation with serous meningitis morbidity].	the results of parallel virological examinations of sewage from collectors of individual districts, aeration stations, and materials from patients with serous meningitis for 1979-1982 are presented. an attempt was made to determine the relationship between the frequency of detection of enteroviruses, in particular, coxsackie b1, in sewage and the number of patients with serous meningitis. enteroviruses isolated from sewage and from patients with serous meningitis were found to be similar by the ...	1984	6087566
aggravation of coxsackievirus, group b, type 3-induced myocarditis and increase in cellular immunity to myocyte antigens in pregnant balb/c mice and animals treated with progesterone.	male balb/c mice inoculated with a heart-adapted variant of coxsackievirus, group b, type 3 (cvb3m) develop severe myocarditis characterized by extensive focal lesions of inflammatory cells and necrosis of the myocardium. females generally develop minimal myocarditis except when infected during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. enhanced myocarditis is usually accompanied by elevations in virus concentrations in the heart, virus-specific antibody titers, and lymphocyte mediated cytolyt ...	1984	6088088
a longitudinal study of virus antibodies in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.	seventeen newly diagnosed type 1 diabetics were studied longitudinally--at diagnosis, after 5 months and after 2 years, for antibodies against the following viruses: coxsackie b3, b4 and b5, echo 11, and adeno 7a. the latter two were chosen because they had been isolated frequently in the area during the year the patients were diagnosed, whereas the coxsackie viruses previously have been associated with the aetiology of type 1 diabetes. coxsackie b4 antibody titres fell from the diagnosis and th ...	1984	6327989
[arthritis associated with coxsackie b virus infections].		1984	6328634
[familial hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with coxsackie b infection].	authors describe hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) in two siblings whose onset occurred within eight days. there was evidence of having recent infection with coxsackie b virus. clinical course, treatment and outcome of patients are reported, showing differences on the severity of renal failure and platelet consumption. recovery of renal function was evidenced in both infants. one of them critically thrombopenic and with oligoanuric renal failure was treated with peritoneal dialysis, aspirin and di ...	1984	6329051
meningo-encephalitis caused by coxsackievirus group b type 2. diagnosis confirmed by measuring intrathecal antibody.	we describe a case of meningo-encephalitis caused by coxsackievirus group b type 2. diagnosis was suggested by isolation of virus from faeces and high titres of serum antibody in which coxsackie virus b2 specific igm antibody was detected. evidence of intrathecal production of antibody confirmed the diagnosis.	1984	6330208
[etiology of diabetes mellitus--is diabetes of a viral origin?].		1984	6330400
[participation of coxsackie b viruses in the occurrence and recurrence of infectious-allergic myocarditis (a serological study)].	the serological study of sera from patients with infectious allergic myocarditis and from healthy persons has revealed essential differences in the occurrence and titers of antibodies to coxsackie virus b. in patients with infectious allergic myocarditis the infectious process has been found to be significantly more frequently linked with coxsackie viruses b, serovars 2 and 4.	1984	6331031
coxsackievirus b-3 myocarditis in balb/c mice. evidence for autoimmunity to myocyte antigens.	male balb/c mice inoculated with a heart-adapted variant of coxsackievirus, group b, type 3 (nancy) (cvb3m), develop extensive myocarditis and cytolytic activity to primary cultures of uninfected and infected myocytes. to elucidate the mechanisms of myocyte injury in myocarditis, two distinct cytolytic t-lymphocyte (ctl) populations were isolated by immunoadsorption of lymph node cells to glutaraldehyde-fixed uninfected and infected myocyte monolayers. one population preferentially adsorbed to a ...	1984	6331168
virus transport and survival after land application of sewage sludge.	the survival and transport patterns of poliovirus 1 and echovirus 1 were studied in undisturbed soil cores which were treated with digested sludge and exposed to natural weather conditions prevailing in north central florida. it was shown that, under those experimental conditions, enteroviruses are relatively rapidly inactivated in the soil. a more rapid virus decline was observed during the warm and dry fall season than during the warm and wet summer season. the monitoring of soil core leachate ...	1984	6331308
removal of enteric viruses from surface water at eight waterworks in the netherlands.	eight waterworks in the netherlands, which use surface water as their raw water source, were sampled repeatedly between november 1978 and june 1981. at five waterworks , 30 of 45 samples of raw water contained viruses. of 55 samples of partially purified water, 11 were virus positive, including 8 after coagulation, sedimentation, and rapid sand filtration, 2 after storage, coagulation, sedimentation, transport chlorination, and rapid sand filtration, and 1 after storage in open reservoirs for 5 ...	1984	6331309
influence of water quality on enteric virus concentration by microporous filter methods.	four enteric viruses, poliovirus type 1, echovirus type 1, reovirus type 3, and simian adenovirus sv-11, were concentrated from seeded 1.3-liter volumes of raw, finished, and granular activated carbon-treated waters by adsorption to 47-mm-diameter (17 cm2), electropositive ( virosorb 1mds ) filters at ph 7.5 or electronegative ( filterite ) filters at ph 3.5 with and without 5 mm added mgcl2, followed by elution with 0.3% beef extract in 50 mm glycine at ph 9.5. removal of particulates from raw ...	1984	6331310
simultaneous concentration of four enteroviruses from tap, waste, and natural waters.	the efficiency of virus recovery from water was investigated by using a method which enabled the concentration of a mixture of four enteroviruses with determination of their individual recovery efficiencies. the four viruses used (poliovirus 1, coxsackievirus a9, coxsackievirus b1, and echovirus 7) represented each of the four major subgroups of enteroviruses. this method, which was based on selective antibody neutralization, was used to investigate the effects of input water quality on enterovi ...	1984	6331314
persistent infection of mouse fibroblasts with coxsackievirus.	infection of fibroblast cell lines initiated from balb/c or nfr mice with coxsackievirus b3 (cbv-3) or b4 (cbv-4) resulted in infections which persisted for a limited number of subpassages of the infected cells in most cases, but for over a year in one case. in all instances primary acute infections were characterized by cytopathology and release of infectious virus progeny. viral antigen could be detected during the acute phase of infection, but not in subcultured infected cells. infectious cen ...	1984	6331352
immunoglobulin responses to echovirus type 11 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay: single-serum diagnosis of acute infection by specific igm antibody.	an indirect solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the determination of specific igm and igg antibodies to echovirus type 11 in a single dilution of serum was developed using partially purified echovirus type 11 bound to microplates. whole serum was used for igg antibody but prior to assaying for igm antibody interfering igg was removed by ion exchange chromatography. the elisa for echovirus type 11 igg antibody was a more sensitive, rapid, technically easier and less costly a ...	1984	6394604
a broad-spectrum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of human enteric viruses.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test has been devised for detection of a broad spectrum of human enteric viruses, based on the use of poly-l-lysine as a nonspecific adhesive to hold the virus particles in the test wells and of pooled human immune serum globulin to mark the virus for detection with commercial goat anti-human igg antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. detection of five human enteroviruses and a reovirus at levels of 10 most probable number of cytopathogenic ...	1984	6323511
heterotypic reactions in a radioimmunoassay for coxsackie b virus specific igm.	igm antibody capture radioimmunoassays were developed to detect coxsackie virus b1-b5 specific igm. specific igm was detected in sera from all patients with coxsackie b virus infections proved by isolation; however, sera from 13/32 patients with rising neutralising antibody titres were negative in the assay. frequent heterotypic responses were seen among the positive sera. thirty seven patients with other enterovirus infections were also studied, and sera from 15 of these patients reacted in the ...	1984	6323548
invasiveness of salmonella typhimurium in hep-2 cell cultures preinfected with coxsackie b 1 virus.	the influence of infection of hep-2 cells with coxsackie b 1 virus on the invasiveness of salmonella typhimurium has been studied. the bacterial invasiveness was significantly increased in the cell cultures incubated with virus before bacterial inoculation. this effect was a function of time after introduction of virus into the cell cultures and the concentration of virus. the increase in bacterial invasiveness was observed before production of infectious virus particles and before development o ...	1984	6324532
a murine model of polymyositis induced by coxsackievirus b1 (tucson strain).	a murine model of polymyositis induced by coxsackievirus b1, tucson strain (cvbt) is described. intraperitoneal cvbt inoculation of cd 1 swiss mice less than 48 hours old resulted in proximal hindquarter weakness that was first apparent 7 days after viral challenge and persisted for more than 10 weeks. electromyographic and histologic evidence of a continuing myositis was present during this entire period of time. however, virus was not detectable later than 2 weeks post infection, despite clini ...	1984	6324823
acute tonsillitis in children: microbial pathogens in relation to age.	tonsil swabs were collected from 248 children (1 through 10 yr) who presented with acute tonsillitis. a beta-hemolytic streptococcus was grown from 129 (53%) of 244 cases and as the sole pathogen from 83 (47%) of 178 cases. beta-hemolytic streptococci were especially common over the age of 6 yr (68% of children) relatively uncommon under the age of 4 yr (18%); most (90%) streptococci belonged to group a; 18 streptococcal t types were represented amongst 88 group a strains; the potentially nephri ...	1984	6326030
[changes in antibody titers against an enterovirus (echo 22) in north bavaria in relation to mortality from heart disease 1977 to 1981].	in upper and middle franconia, two districts of northern bavaria, with a population of 2.5 millions, an increase of deaths caused by heart diseases according to code number 420-429 of the "international classification of diseases" has been ascertained by evaluation of data from the bavarian state office for statistics and data processing. figures rose from about 2000 cases in 1977 to more than 3000 in 1979. sera from patients from these neighbouring regions (about 600 per year) have been examine ...	1984	6326426
enterovirus types in samples of activated sewage sludge.	samples of activated sewage sludge from two different wastewater treatment plants in lorraine were collected in january and february 1983. after elution and concentration, virus contents were estimated with the under agar technique, utilizing bgm cells. a total of 436 pfu was counted, and after viral confirmation, 14% (61 isolates) were typed with the serum neutralization test, using the lim benyesh-melnick pools a-o. most frequently polioviruses (41%) were found, followed by coxsackie viruses g ...	1984	6326427
differing cardiotropic and myocarditic properties of group b type 4 coxsackievirus strains.	a murine model system for evaluation of myocarditic and cardiotropic properties of strains of group b, type 4 coxsackievirus (cbv-4) was developed in male balb/c mice 4 weeks of age. differing cardiotropic and myocarditic properties could be identified among field strains within the cbv-4 serotype. these properties were consistent for the virus strains, and were independent of the infecting virus dose. virus replication in the heart appeared to be essential for development of myocarditis, but so ...	1984	6326709
influence of host cells on the infectivity and neutralizability echovirus type 4 (pesascek).	the heterogeneity of echovirus type 4 (strain pesascek) is documented. this strain had a higher eop on rd cells than on gmk-ah1 or primary green monkey kidney cells. it was more effectively neutralized in tests on rd cells than on gmk-ah1 cells. the latter phenomenon was analyzed on materials of pesascek virus after banding in density gradients. a minor fraction was found that resisted neutralization as tested on either rd or gmk-ah1 cells. another fraction containing the main peak of infectivit ...	1984	6735662
[etiological study of uveitis in young children].	the etiology of acute infectious diseases accompanied by uveitis in young children has been studied. in these investigations a high degree of contamination with virus echo 19 in patients with acute diseases accompanied by uveitis has been revealed and the ophthal motropic properties of the virus have been experimentally established, which indicates that certain variants of virus echo 19 play, probably, some role in the etiology of uveitis in young children.	1984	6741369
f-met-leu-phe and echo 9 virus interaction with human granulocytes. changes of cell membrane structure.	biophysical and biochemical methods were applied for investigation of cell membrane properties of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) exposed to the chemotactic peptide n-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (f-met-leu-phe) and echovirus type 9, strain a, barty. steady-state fluorescence depolarization with diphenylhexatriene demonstrated no gross changes of the total membrane fluidity under the different experimental conditions. however, by means of the monomer-excimer technique with pyren ...	1984	6742107
echo 9 virus-induced order-disorder transition of chemotactic response of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes: phenomenology and molecular biology.	by means of functional, morphological, and biophysical methods the in vitro interaction of echo virus, type 9, strain a. barty with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) was investigated and analyzed by statistical methods. control cells and virus-treated pmns (15 min, 37 degrees c; pmn: virus (pfu)-ratio ranging from 1:1 to 1:50) were exposed to a chemotactic gradient (n-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine = f-met-leu-phe, 10(-8) m/mm) in a zigmond chamber. whereas the track velocity of the ...	1984	6487817
studies of echovirus-12 in volunteers: determination of minimal infectious dose and the effect of previous infection on infectious dose.	a two-part study of echovirus-12 was done in volunteers. in the first part the human infectious dose of the virus was determined in 149 healthy adults with undetectable serum antibody, each of whom drank 0-330,000 plaque-forming units (pfu) of virus in 100 ml of nonchlorinated water. infection was defined as fecal shedding of virus or significant (fourfold or greater) increases in serum antibody titer. the hid50 (i.e., the dose required for infection of 50% of the volunteers) was 919 pfu. throug ...	1984	6501929
a case of agammaglobulinaemia complicated by meningoencephalitis due to echo virus 27.	a boy with agammaglobulinaemia diagnosed and treated from the age of 3 years 2 months developed encephalitis at 4 years 3 months. the illness showed a remitting but deteriorating course until death aged 6 years 5 months. echo virus type 27 was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid during the terminal illness. the virus was not isolated from five earlier cerebrospinal fluid samples nor was virus detected in a temporal lobe biopsy.	1984	6508664
antiviral activity of aryl-furfurane derivatives.	of 27 aryl-furfurane derivatives (afd) studied, 13 compounds were found to have antiviral activity against echo 6, herpes simplex, vaccinia, and influenza a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) viruses, the highest inhibition being observed with echo 6 virus. the maximum tolerated concentrations (matc) of afd inhibited the macromolecular syntheses in echo 6 virus-infected cell cultures.	1984	6143495
persistence of coxsackie b1 virus in balb/c mice.		1984	6148863
pathogenicity of newly isolated coxsackievirus b4 for mouse pancreas.	coxsackievirus b4 fresh isolates from patients with upper respiratory illness and aseptic meningitis were studied for their pathogenicity in the pancreas of sjl/j mice. out of 12 virus isolates, 7 induced hypoglycaemia in mice 2 to 4 days after virus inoculation. all 3 isolates from faeces of patients induced hypoglycaemia in contrast to 3 viruses isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid which did not. six isolates from throat swabs were either pathogenic (4 isolates) or non-pathogenic (2 isolates) ...	1984	6151359
monoclonal antibodies for study of antigenic variation in coxsackievirus type b4: association of antigenic determinants with myocarditic properties of the virus.	monoclonal antibodies were produced to a field strain ( mil ) of group b coxsackievirus type 4 (cbv-4), and to the prototype jvb strain. nine were neutralizing antibodies and four were non-neutralizing antibodies with virus-specific activity in indirect immunofluorescence (if) staining. on the basis of reactivity with the panel of monoclonal antibodies, nine different strains of cbv-4 were found to fall into five distinct antigenic groups. antigenic variants were produced by using the neutralizi ...	1984	6202831
ventricular aneurysms and ventricular arrhythmias complicating coxsackie virus b1 myocarditis of syrian golden hamsters.	we inoculated coxsackie virus b1 (cvb1) intraperitoneally into 36 2-week-old syrian golden hamsters. serial ecgs were recorded from 10 hamsters which survived the acute and electrocardiographically manifest myocarditis. in a mean 17.8 week (range 9 to 31 weeks) follow-up period, chronic ventricular premature contractions (vpc) followed the acute ecg changes in three of the animals. vpc were recorded in a uniform contour in a hamsters, which had a ventricular aneurysm and were of two kinds of con ...	1984	6318997
in vitro culture of coxsackievirus group b, type 3 immune spleen cells on infected endothelial cells and biological activity of the cultured cells in vivo.	spleen cells from male balb/c mice infected 7 days earlier by an intraperitoneal injection of 3 x 10(4) pfu of a myocarditic strain of coxsackievirus b-3 lysed virus-infected endothelial cells in a 51cr release assay. cytotoxic activity in the in vivo sensitized spleen cell population could be further increased by culturing the immune spleen cells from infected mice on virus-infected or uninfected endothelial cells for 6 to 7 days in vitro. cytotoxicity of in vitro cultured spleen cells to infec ...	1984	6319285
some long-term sequelae of coxsackie b virus infection.		1984	6319692
altered receptor specificity of coxsackievirus b3 after growth in rhabdomyosarcoma cells.	serial "blind" passages in human rhabdomyosarcoma (rd) cells of prototype viruses from each of the six immunotypes of the group b coxsackieviruses (cb) resulted in the isolation of intratypic variants of cb1, cb3, cb5, and cb6. each variant virus strain acquired the capacity to agglutinate human erythrocytes and produce small plaques on hela cells, although their serological specificity remained unchanged. an alteration in vp1 mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ...	1984	6321753
interferon-sensitive coxsackievirus variants in nature.	variants of a clinical isolate of coxsackie b-4 virus that differ in interferon (ifn) sensitivity were selected from virus stock both before and after passage in mice. ifn sensitivity was a stable property on subsequent plaque selection. the ifn-sensitive variant was less virulent than its ifn-insensitive counterpart, whether from the original virus stock or from mouse passaged virus. none of these variants was diabetogenic in mice. these studies demonstrate that coxsackievirus variants of diffe ...	1985	2409191
t lymphocyte responses to coxsackie b4 and mumps virus. ii. immunoregulation by hla-dr3 and -dr4 associated restriction elements.	a major part of the t lymphocyte response to mumps and coxsackie b4 virus appears to be restricted by hla-dr associated restriction elements. this was further corroborated in inhibition experiments using monoclonal antibodies reactive with different hla class ii molecules. only antibodies reactive with dr molecules significantly inhibited the response. the frequencies of dr restricted antigen-reactive t lymphocytes (artl) to mumps and coxsackie b4 virus were then investigated, using a limiting d ...	1985	2413585
antimyocarditic activity of the guanine derivative biolf-70 in a coxsackievirus b3 murine model.	prophylactic administration of a nontoxic dose of 9-[[2-benzyloxyl-1-(benzyloxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]-6-chlo roguanine (biolf-70) to mice reduced the number of myocarditic lesions induced by coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3). biolf-70 exhibited minimal antiviral activity against cvb3 in hela cells and murine neonatal skin fibroblasts and minimally reduced cvb3 yields in heart tissues. the drug had no effect on serum anti-cvb3 neutralizing antibody titers and did not induce the production of interferon. fl ...	1985	2580480
interaction between enteroviruses and human endothelial cells in vitro. alterations in the physical properties of endothelial cell plasma membrane and adhesion of human granulocytes.	fluorescent molecular probes were used for study of the interaction between enteroviruses (echo 9, echo 12, and coxsackie b3 virus) and human endothelial cells in monolayer culture. with the use of the monomer-excimer method with pyrene decanoic acid it was shown that a marked dose-dependent restructuring of the plasma membrane occurred following addition of virus to the endothelial cells. this took the form of an increase in the lipid surface available to the lipophil reporter molecules, probab ...	1985	2981472
aseptic meningitis in a neonate with an oral vesicular lesion.	enteroviruses may be responsible for severe, life-threatening diseases, such as meningitis, within the neonatal period. differentiation of an enteroviral etiology from that of herpes simplex virus may be difficult initially. we describe a case of aseptic meningitis in which the use of a viral blood culture was helpful.	1985	2981653
nmr parameters of local anesthetics as biological markers of the cell-virus interactions.	the selective proton nmr relaxation rates were measured in the system made by the local anesthetic procaine, human erythrocytes and the hemagglutinating echo virus type 11. the nmr technique provided a very good tool for using drugs firmly bound to receptor membranes as biological "markers" of the virus-cell interaction.	1985	2982355
properties of the deoxycholate-solubilized hela cell plasma membrane receptor for binding group b coxsackieviruses.	physical and chemical properties of deoxycholate-solubilized hela cell plasma membrane receptors for binding group b coxsackieviruses were determined. receptors eluted from sepharose 4b with an apparent molecular weight of 275,000 and sedimented with an s value of between 14.7 and 4.9 and a buoyant density of 1.06 to 1.10 g/cm3. virus-binding activity was destroyed after treatment with proteases, glycosidases, and periodate but was unaffected by lipases or reducing or alkylating agents. addition ...	1985	2983096
invasiveness of salmonella typhimurium in hep-2 cell cultures pretreated with uv-inactivated coxsackie virus.	the invasiveness of salmonella typhimurium was significantly enhanced in cell cultures pretreated with uv-inactivated virus. during the first 3 hours of virus infection there was no difference between the enhancement achieved with non-inactivated and that achieved with uv-inactivated virus. after 4 and 5 hours pretreatment the effect of non-inactivated virus was more pronounced than that of uv-inactivated virus. the results indicate that during the early period of virus infection the enhancement ...	1985	2984878
virion conformational forms and the complex inactivation kinetics of echovirus by chlorine in water.	aberrant inactivation kinetics were observed when monodispersed echovirus type 1 (farouk) was inactivated with chlorine. an initial 1- to 2-log10-unit decrease in titer was followed by lag period, during which the titer stayed the same or increased, and this was followed by a final decline in titer. first-order kinetics were obtained with poliovirus type 1 under the same conditions. isoelectric focusing studies of echovirus before chlorine treatment showed that the virus distributed into two ph- ...	1985	2984991
membrane-bound virions of coxsackievirus b4: cellular localization, analysis of the genomic rna, genome-linked protein, and effect on host macromolecular synthesis.	hela cells infected with several group b coxsackieviruses contain, in addition to standard virions, a population of virus-specific ribonucleoprotein particles which we (5) designated membrane-bound virions (mbv). mbvs differ from standard virions in buoyant density, yield, appearance, protein composition and infectivity. here we present several new features of mbvs of coxsackievirus b4. the mbvs are lighter (rho about 1.30) and are localized in rough membranes, intermixed with virions. they cont ...	1985	2985028
biochemical changes induced by coxsackie b4 virus in short-term culture of mouse pancreatic islets.	isolated mouse pancreatic islets were infected in vitro with two strains of coxsackie b4 virus--a tissue culture-adapted strain and a mouse pancreas-adapted strain. within 48 h of infection changes had occurred in the biochemical activities of islets infected with the mouse pancreas-adapted strain of virus. basal insulin release was increased two-fold in these islets, while glucose-induced insulin secretion remained unchanged. insulin biosynthesis was greatly reduced at a stimulatory concentrati ...	1985	2985140
seasonal distribution of enteroviruses and adenoviruses in domestic sewage.	a seasonal distribution of enteroviruses and adenoviruses in raw sewage effluents of athens, greece, was observed over a 15-month surveillance period. all 36 samples tested were positive for both virus groups. adenovirus concentration levels ranged from 70 to 3200 cytopathic units per litre of sample, whereas the corresponding values for enteroviruses were 90-900 cytopathic units per litre. peak values for adenoviruses were recorded during the months of april and june 1983, whereas for enterovir ...	1985	2985226
ameliorating effect of ifn-beta and anti-ifn-beta on coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis in mice.	a significant reduction in the number of virus-induced myocardial lesions was effected by administration of murine interferon beta (ifn-beta) or polyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acid copolymer (pi:pc) at -24, 0, or 24 h but not 72 h postinoculation (p.i.) of coxsackie-virus b3 (cvb3) to adolescent cd-1 mice. inoculation of interferon at any of the four times did not reduce virus titers in heart tissues at three or seven days p.i., but inoculation of pi:pc at -24, 0, or 24 h p.i. significantly ...	1985	2985716
hyperglycemia in balb/c mice after pretreatment with one subdiabetogenic dose of streptozotocin and subsequent infection with a coxsackie b4 strain.	male balb/c mice were injected with one subdiabetogenic dose of streptozotocin followed by coxsackie b4 virus infection 7 days later. the animals developed a transient hyperglycemia after streptozotocin-pretreatment and infection with a human coxsackie b4 isolate. frozen sections of pancreata stained with fitc-labeled antibodies showed an intensive infection of the exocrine tissue. immunofluorescence studies with isolated islets obtained from streptozotocin-treated or untreated animals demonstra ...	1985	2986611
systemic lymphoid atrophy in coxsackievirus b3-infected mice: effects of virus and immunopotentiating agents.	adult mice infected with coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) showed a generalized lymphoid involution. this effect was produced by most of the isolates and clones of cb3 and, to a lesser extent, by coxsackievirus b1 but not by other highly pathogenic picornaviruses. while moderate involution of the thymus also occurred in mild cb3 infections, peripheral changes strictly correlated with the severity of disease. the major alteration of the thymus was a massive cortical depletion, whereas the reduction of sple ...	1985	2987368
is insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus caused by coxsackievirus b infection? a review of the epidemiologic evidence.	the evidence that coxsackievirus b plays a causal role in the etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) is reviewed. this hypothesis is biologically plausible; one variant of another picornavirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, causes diabetes in genetically susceptible mice, but prior infection with another, serologically indistinguishable variant prevents this. the seasonal distributions of infection due to coxsackievirus b and of iddm are similar. case reports document coxsackieviru ...	1985	2988099
[use of human embryonic fibroblasts for the laboratory examination of serious meningitis patients].		1985	2988213
serum antibodies against coxsackie b1-6 viruses in type 1 diabetics.	twenty-two newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetics and 46 control subjects have been examined for coxsackie b1-6 serum antibodies. evidence for coxb4 neutralizing antibodies at titers greater than or equal to 16 and two seroconversions for this single virus type were shown in the diabetic group (31.8% of patients with titers greater than or equal to 16 in comparison with 10% of controls, p = 0.08). reduced titers against coxb2 and coxb5 in diabetics were also observed. in agreement with the ...	1985	2988253
still's disease associated with coxsackie infection and haemophagocytic syndrome.	at the onset of still's disease (systemic-onset juvenile arthritis) in a 12-year-old girl, serological evidence of coxsackie b virus infection was found. two weeks later she developed a haemophagocytic syndrome which was then treated with cytotoxic therapy. her arthritis is still active six years later.	1985	2988465
cardiac involvement in coxsackie virus infection.		1985	2989158
[dilated cardiomyopathy. an analysis of the viral-immunological theory].		1985	2990061
elimination of viruses and indicator bacteria at each step of treatment during preparation of drinking water at seven water treatment plants.	seven drinking water treatment plants were sampled twice a month for 12 months to evaluate the removal of indicator bacteria and cytopathogenic enteric viruses. samples were obtained at each level of treatment: raw water, postchlorination, postsedimentation, postfiltration, postozonation, and finished (tap) water. raw water quality was usually poor, with total coliform counts exceeding 105 to 106 cfu/liter and the average virus count in raw water of 3.3 most probable number of cytopathogenic uni ...	1985	2990337
method for selecting optimal cells for enterovirus isolation as determined in an outbreak of echovirus type 33 meningitis.	an outbreak of echovirus type 33-induced meningitis which occurred in belgium in 1982 is reported. to identify the causative agent, titers of an early isolate were measured on a variety of cells in order to select the optimal cells. a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line was found to be the substrate of choice due to its proficient isolation of the virus. this method of determining infectious titres is recommended for improving enterovirus isolation in other epidemics.	1985	2990920
viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in south indian children.		1985	2991137
purification of a hela cell receptor protein for group b coxsackieviruses.	coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) firmly attaches to hela cells, forming a specific complex between the virus and its receptor on the cell surface. we extracted this virus-receptor complex (vrc) with the detergents sodium deoxycholate and triton x-100. the vrc was identified by its sedimentation coefficient (140s), which was less than that of virions (155s). formation of the vrc from cell lysates and 3h-cb3 occurred with the same specificity as did attachment of virions to cells, in that its formation was ...	1985	2991580
steatitis in mice infected with coxsackie virus b3.		1985	2991709
immunology of viral diabetes.		1985	2992061
[pathology of organs of the urinary system in children with high risk of prenatal coxsackie virus infection].		1985	2992182
the postviral fatigue syndrome--an analysis of the findings in 50 cases.	the clinical, pathological, electrophysiological, immunological and virological abnormalities in 50 patients with the postviral fatigue syndrome are recorded. these findings confirm the organic nature of the disease. a metabolic disorder, caused by persistent virus infection and associated with defective immunoregulation, is suggested as the pathogenetic mechanism.	1985	2993423
electrophysiological studies in the post-viral fatigue syndrome.	single fibre electromyography (sfemg) was studied in 40 patients with the post-viral fatigue syndrome. these patients were also assessed clinically, serologically, virologically and immunologically. about 75% of the patients had definitely abnormal sfemg results. this was regarded as evidence of abnormality in the peripheral part of the motor unit. the muscle fibre was the likely site of involvement.	1985	2993527
[in vitro effectiveness of new antiviral substances. 2. studies with enteroviruses and rhinovirus lb].	the antiviral efficacy of several compounds was demonstrated against coxsackie viruses type a9, b1, b3, b4 and b5, echoviruses type 6, 11, 30, and 33, attenuated polioviruses and rhinovirus 1b. in one-step growth cycle experiments virus multiplication was clearly inhibited by application of the compounds immediately after virus adsorption.	1985	2994289
an immunofluorescent study of generalized coxsackie virus b3 infection in a newborn infant.	an autopsy case of a 10-day-old newborn with generalized infection of coxsackie virus b3 (cbv3) was reported. cbv3 was isolated from the blood before death. the patient died of cardiac failure. an immunofluorescent study was carried out on autopsy specimens fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. cbv3 antigen was detected in the heart, brain, kidney, lungs, spleen, thymus, and pancreas. in the pancreas cbv3 antigen was predominantly seen in the islet cells. no cbv3 antigen was found in the l ...	1985	2994361
neutralization kinetic analysis of echovirus 30 and coxsackievirus b4 strains revealed little antigenic variation amongst the echovirus strains.	an antigenic analysis was made of echovirus 30 and coxsackievirus b4 isolates by determining neutralization rate constants in neutralization kinetic tests. the seven echovirus 30 isolates included the prototype strain and six others isolated in melbourne, australia, between 1959 and 1982. little antigenic heterogeneity was observed in contrast to the evidence of antigenic variation recorded in similar tests on seven coxsackievirus b4 isolates. these isolates also included the prototype strain, a ...	1985	2994613
hla-dr3 and -dr4 control t-lymphocyte responses to mumps and coxsackie b4 virus: studies on patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and healthy subjects.	to study the relationships between the responses to viral antigens and the hla-dr3 and -dr4 associations in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, the frequency of t-lymphocyte proliferating in response to mumps, coxsackie b4 and varicella-zoster antigens was determined. a decreased frequency was found in t lymphocytes able to respond to mumps or coxsackie b4 when presented together with dr3, as compared with the frequency of t lymphocytes able to respond to these viruses together with ot ...	1985	2995183
functional alterations in pancreatic beta cells as a factor in virus-induced hyperglycemia in mice.	alterations in the functional capacity of pancreatic beta cells appear to contribute to coxsackievirus b4-induced, long-term hyperglycemia in mice. mice infected with prototype b4 or its diabetogenic e2 variant were monitored for abnormalities in sugar metabolism (by the glucose tolerance test), for total protein and insulin synthesis in intact beta cells, for alterations in beta cell proteins, and for virus replication. the infected mice were hypoglycemic at 72 h postinfection and hyperglycemic ...	1985	2995390
a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug exacerbates coxsackie b3 murine myocarditis.	nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to treat myalgias and arthralgias in enteroviral infections, but their effects on acute viral myocarditis are unknown. the effect of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, on acute viral myocarditis was studied in 75 four week old male balb/c mice infected with 1.75 x 10(7) plaque-forming units of coxsackie virus b3 on day 0. ibuprofen was given intraperitoneally at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight daily. the mice were assigned to four ...	1985	2995470
[humoral and cellular immunity in perimyocarditis and congestive cardiomyopathy].	in coxsackie b-, influenza and mumps-induced perimyocarditis the characteristic immunological features were cross-reacting cytolytic antimyolemmal antibodies, circulating immune complexes and no nk- or k-cell activity. cytolytic antimyolemmal antibodies are markers of a secondary immunopathogenesis in perimyocarditis. in cytomegalovirus myocarditis antiinterfibrillary antibodies could be found and immune complexes were rarely observed. postmyocarditic cardiomyopathy could be identified by circul ...	1985	2995721
perspectives on the role of viruses in insulin-dependent diabetes.	insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) results from the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. viruses have been suggested as one of the possible causes. the evidence for viruses comes largely from experiments in animals, but several studies in humans also point to viruses as a trigger of this disease in some cases. encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus, mengovirus (2t), and coxsackie b4 virus infect and destroy pancreatic beta cells when inoculated into mice. this results in hypoinsulinemia and h ...	1985	2996865
[sensitivity of group a coxsackieviruses and echo viruses, and isolation from clinical specimens by rd-18s cells derived by cloning from rd cells].		1985	2997341
group b coxsackieviruses readily establish persistent infections in human lymphoid cell lines.	exposing human lymphoid cell lines to uncloned or recently cloned group b coxsackieviruses results in the frequent establishment of chronically infected cultures. persistence is maintained by a carrier culture mechanism involving virus spread through the medium and replication among a minority of cells at any given time. these studies provide a model for persistence by highly cytocidal viruses.	1985	2997486
diabetogenic potential of coxsackie b viruses in nature.	thirty-seven clinical isolates of coxsackievirus (cv) serotypes b-1, b-3, b-4, and b-5 were inoculated into male sjl mice. twelve strains resulted in minor abnormalities of glucose metabolism in one or more of six infected mice (tables 1 and 2). sequential infection of male sjl mice with cvb-3, cvb-4, and cvb-5 resulted in abnormal glucose metabolism in 25 percent of the mice (fig. 1). the glucose index of the abnormal animals was similar to that produced by sequential infection with reovirus an ...	1985	2998300
hla heterogeneity of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus at diagnosis. the pittsburgh iddm study.	although some previous studies have suggested that insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) is a heterogeneous condition with variant forms being associated with hla-dr types, the evidence, thus far, is conflicting. to address this issue, we have examined the presenting characteristics of a consecutive admission series of 200 newly diagnosed cases of iddm from the children's hospital of pittsburgh. because hla-dr frequencies vary by race, data are presented only for the 172 white cases with co ...	1985	2998911
epidemic coxsackie b virus infection in johannesburg, south africa.	a particularly extensive epidemic of coxsackie b3 virus infection occurred in johannesburg in the spring and summer of 1984. a total of 142 positive cases were diagnosed by isolation of the virus from stools and other specimens (60) or by serology (82). coxsackie b3 accounted for 87% of the isolations and was also the dominant serotype on serology. the outbreak involved predominantly children and young adults, with no apparent sex differences being noted. the majority of specimens came from the ...	1985	2999227
cross-reactions of immunoglobulin m and g antibodies with enterovirus-specific viral structural proteins.	we analysed the reactivity of enterovirus-specific human igm and igg antibodies with the structural proteins of different enteroviruses by the immunoblot technique. in general, all immunoglobulin g antibodies of the tested sera reacted with capsid polypeptide vp 1 of the viruses tested (echoviruses 9 and 11, coxsackievirus b3 and poliovirus 2). in contrast, enterovirus specific immunoglobulin m antibodies of adults reacted with capsid polypeptides vp 1, vp 2, and/or vp 3 of the viruses mentioned ...	1985	2999228
high frequency of coxsackie-b-virus-specific igm in children developing type i diabetes during a period of high diabetes morbidity.	twenty-four consecutive children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent (type i) diabetes mellitus (iddm) were investigated for a history of infectious disease. thirteen of the 24 (54%) patients reported symptoms of acute infection within two months before diabetes was diagnosed. the mean age was 8.5 years and 15 (63%) of the patients were girls. no clear seasonal variation in onset was seen. coxsackie b (cb)-virus-specific igm responses were detected by reverse radioimmunoassay (ria) in 16 of t ...	1985	2999322
persistence of viruses in the nasopharynx of apparently healthy children aged 0-5 years. results of investigations performed in 1982-83.	virus isolation attempts were made with nasopharyngeal secretions from 400 apparently healthy 0-5-year-old children of a semi-closed community. repeated virus isolations were achieved in 25 cases subjected to periodic investigations in 1982-83. one-two reisolation(s), 1-5 months apart, of the initially detected viral agents could be obtained in 15 out of the 25 children. the following viruses were reisolated (in decreasing order of frequency): adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, coxsackie ...	1985	3000066
[ultrastructural alterations of rat myocardial cells in cell culture of the beating heart infected with coxsackie b-2 virus].		1985	3000541
cellular immune responses in mice challenged with an amyocarditic variant of coxsackievirus b3.	an amyocarditic variant of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant derived from the parent myocarditic variant coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3m) was studied in a murine model of cvb3m-induced myocarditis to assess virus-induced antigens and their possible role in the disease process. amyocarditic variant ts5r induced a heart tissue antigen(s), extractable by hypertonic kc1, which inhibited migration of peritoneal exudate cells from cvb3-inoculated myocarditic mice in an agarose droplet cell-migration-inhibi ...	1985	3001222
natural history of left ventricular function in neonatal coxsackie myocarditis.	three neonates are described who had severe congestive cardiac failure following coxsackie-b virus infection. overall left ventricular function was depressed and accompanied by regional differences in wall motion. recovery has been gradual, and after 40 or more months of follow-up, all three infants still have evidence of myocardial damage. this provides further evidence linking myocarditis with dilated cardiomyopathy.	1985	3001658
[viral myocarditis (the etiologic, clinical, diagnostic and treatment problems)].	to elucidate the etiology of respiratory infection and pharyngitis associated myocarditis a serological study was made of 201 patients who were successively admitted with a clinical diagnosis of myocarditis. coxsackie viral infection of group b, influenza a and b, para-influenza and adenoviral infection and beta-hemolytical streptococcus of group a were determined. preceding coxsackie infection was established in 38,3% of the patients, influenza a and b in 27.5%, adenoviral infection in 3.6% and ...	1985	3001963
[effect of human leukocyte interferon on coxsackie b-2 virus-infected rat beating heart cells in culture].		1985	3002122
an incidence peak of juvenile diabetes. relation to coxsackie b virus immune response.	all new cases of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) in children below 15 years of age were recorded prospectively during a 21-year period 1964-1984 in a defined uptake area with a relatively constant child population. the total number of children recorded was 222-111 boys and 111 girls. the number of new cases varied between 4 cases in 1968 and 20 in 1984; in 1983 seventeen new cases were recorded. specific igm antibodies against coxsackie b virus (cbv), types 1-5 were measured by a reve ...	1985	3010631
slow virus diseases of the central nervous system.		1985	3893956
persistence of echovirus 6 in cloned human cells.	establishment of a persistent infection by echovirus 6 in cloned human wish cells (pi) was demonstrated. the cloned human wish cells were maintained for 3.0 years (over 125 passages) and released virus continuously without cellular destruction. neither temperature-sensitive virus mutants nor interferon appears to play a role in either establishment or maintenance of viral persistence. the majority of the virus produced by cloned human wish cells is defective (2 x 10(6) particles per pfu) and dif ...	1985	3973978
[echovirus 11 outbreak among premature newborn infants in a neonatal intensive care unit].	during a period of 3 weeks, 17 premature neonates 4 of them weighing less than 1000 g at birth became infected with echovirus 11 in a neonatal intensive-care unit. beside 3 inapparent infections, severe 'septicaemic' illness was observed among 5 premature neonates combined with meningitis and apnoeic attacks. 4 neonates presented meningitis as the predominant clinical feature and 3 showed gastrointestinal symptoms without neurological involvement. 2 children experienced a febrile illness with ap ...	1985	4013560
synthesis of antibodies, including antiviral antibodies, in the knee joints of patients with arthritis.	serum and synovial fluids from 16 patients with seronegative arthritis and eight with rheumatoid arthritis were studied for immunoglobulin levels and for antibody levels to five viruses. when allowances were made for the distribution of immunoglobulins between serum and synovial fluid there was evidence that in several patients antibody to one or more viruses was synthesised locally in the joint. igg and especially igm were present in greatly increased amounts in arthritic joints compared with n ...	1985	4062387