Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| characterization of rna-mediated resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in transgenic tobacco plants. | recently high levels of protection against tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), a negative-strand rna virus infecting plants, have been obtained by transforming tobacco with viral nucleoprotein (n) gene sequences. here we demonstrate that this protection is primarily due to the presence of n gene transcripts in the cells of transgenic plants, and hence appears to be rna-mediated. further, transgenic tobacco plants are only protected to isolates and strains of tswv and not to other tospoviruses that ... | 1992 | 1368791 |
| multiplication of tomato spotted wilt virus in its insect vector, frankliniella occidentalis. | the accumulation of two proteins, the nucleocapsid (n) protein and a non-structural (nss) protein both encoded by the s rna of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), was followed in larvae during development and in adults of frankliniella occidentalis after ingesting the virus for short periods on infected plants. the amounts of both proteins increased, as shown by elisa and western blot analysis, within 2 days above the levels ingested, indicating multiplication of tswv in these insects. accumulatio ... | 1993 | 8445364 |
| rapid fixation and embedding method for immunocytochemical studies of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) in plant and insect tissues. | a new rapid fixation and embedding technique using microwave energy was evaluated for immunolabelling and examination of ultrastructure of plant and insect cells. tissues in gluteraldehyde-paraformaldehyde were fixed for fifteen seconds in a microwave at 100% power, and dehydrated. microwave energy was then used to polymerize the london resin white (lr white) acrylic resin during the embedding process. embedded specimens were then thin sectioned (90 nm) and treated with anti-tomato spotted wilt ... | 1993 | 8490237 |
| multiplication of tomato spotted wilt virus in primary cell cultures derived from two thrips species. | primary cell cultures prepared from embryos of the thrips species frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci were tested for their potential to support replication of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). using polyclonal antibodies against the viral nucleocapsid protein (n) and indirect immunofluorescent staining, discrete spots with strong signals were observed in the cytoplasm at 48 h post-inoculation in the cell cultures of a f. occidentalis, and a t. tabaci population which failed to transmit ... | 1997 | 9178497 |
| neozygites parvispora (zygomycotina: entomophthorales) causing an epizootic in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) on cucumber in spain | the first appearance in spain of a thrips entomopathogenic fungus, neozygites parvispora, is described. a greenhouse cucumber crop was monitored weekly from may to august 1996 for thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, and their natural enemies. one fungicidal treatment was made during the growing season. no insecticides were applied. an epizootic in the thrips population due to n. parvispora lasted from the seventh week after transplanting until the crop was terminated, reaching a mean of 6.46 inf ... | 1998 | 9500949 |
| light and electron microscopy studies of the infection of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) by the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae | the infection of frankliniella occidentalis by two isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae was studied using fluorescence, scanning, transmission, and confocal scanning laser microscopy techniques. conidia of m. anisopliae adhered mostly to the wings of adult f. occidentalis but the number declined from 73 to 40% within 72 h postinoculation at 23 degreesc, presumably due to preening. conidia germinated and produced appressoria on adult, larval, and pupal stages within 12 h ... | 1999 | 9878286 |
| tissue tropism related to vector competence of frankliniella occidentalis for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus. | the development of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) infection in the midgut and salivary glands of transmitting and non-transmitting thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, was studied to elucidate tissue tropism and the virus pathway within the body of this vector. immunohistological techniques used in this study showed that the midgut, foregut and salivary glands were the only organs in which virus accumulated. the first signals of infection, observed as randomly distributed fluorescent granu ... | 1999 | 10073714 |
| tomato spotted wilt virus in ornamental plants, vegetables and weeds in the czech republic. | the occurrence of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in horticulture crops and weeds in the czech republic has been studied in 1992-1997. during this period tswv was established in 91 plant species. virus identity was based on the host range, serology and electron microscopy. natural tswv infection was detected in glasshouses where the main vector frankliniella occidentalis was present too. the most frequently tswv-infected plant species were chrysanthemum morifolium and zantedeschia sp. among veg ... | 1998 | 10358737 |
| simplified, rapid method for cloning of virus-binding polypeptides (putative receptors) via the far-western screening of a cdna expression library using purified virus particles. | a simplified, alternative method for cloning virus-binding polypeptides (receptor candidates) is described. the method is based on a far-western assay using purified tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv, bunyaviridae) for screening a lambda-phage cdna expression library. the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, the principal vector of tswv, in which the virus replicates, was used for library construction. using this method several virus-binding polypeptides were identified ... | 2000 | 10785290 |
| population dynamics of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in nectarine orchards in british columbia. | development of a control strategy for thrips attacking nectarine trees depends on an understanding of their phenology, distribution, and life history as related to characteristics of nectarine orchards. to this end, we compared the overwintering behavior, distribution, and abundance of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), among 11 nectarine orchards located in the dry central interior of british columbia, canada, during 1993 and 1994. western flower thrips emerged from a ... | 2000 | 10826171 |
| mechanisms associated with methiocarb resistance in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | biochemical mechanisms associated with methiocarb resistance were examined in laboratory-selected and field populations of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). seven populations were examined and they differed in their susceptibility to methiocarb by 30 times. including the synergists piperonyl butoxide, a cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase inhibitor, or s,s,s-tributylphosphorotrithioate, an esterase inhibitor, in the methiocarb bioassays partially suppressed resistance ... | 2000 | 10826201 |
| evaluation of sampling methodology for determining the phenology, relative density, and dispersion of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in nectarine orchards. | western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), cause serious economic damage to nectarines in the okanagan and similkameen valleys, british columbia, canada. we evaluated several sampling methods for western flower thrips for their precision and ability to predict general population trends. beating of branches, flicking of buds, and visual estimation methods were not accurate for estimating numbers of thrips in nectarine buds. thrips caught on sticky cards indicated general popula ... | 2000 | 10826205 |
| immunoprecipitation of a 50-kda protein: a candidate receptor component for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (bunyaviridae) in its main vector, frankliniella occidentalis. | a 50-kda protein that binds to viral particles in solid-phase assays and that is recognized by anti-idiotypic antibodies made against anti-viral glycoproteins g1/g2 (anti-ids) has been proposed as a receptor candidate for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) in its main thrips vector, frankliniella occidentalis pergande (bandla et al., 1998. phytopathology 88, 98-104). here we show the immunoprecipitation of the 50-kda protein by anti-ids and by an anti-g1/g2-tswv conjugate - a new immunoprecip ... | 2000 | 10867190 |
| damage to nectarines by the western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in the interior of british columbia, canada. | the phenology of damage by the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), on nectarines was investigated using sticky cards and direct sampling of buds between 1993 and 1995 in the interior of british columbia, the most susceptible period for damage by western flower thrips to nectarines. the life stage responsible for damage and variation in susceptibility to damage of 11 different nectarine varieties were determined. to evaluate the predictive ability of 2 sampling methods, ... | 2000 | 10985032 |
| use of cc traps with different trap base colors for silverleaf whiteflies (homoptera: aleyrodidae), thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae), and leafhoppers (homoptera: cicadellidae). | during 1996, 1997, and 1999, studies were conducted in cotton, sugar beets, alfalfa, yardlong bean, and peanut fields to compare insect catches in cc traps equipped with different trap base colors. the studies were conducted in southwestern united states, china, and india. the nine colors, white, rum, red, yellow, lime green, spring green, woodland green (dark green), true blue, and black, varied in spectral reflectance in the visible (400-700 nm) and near-infrared (700-1050 nm) portions of spec ... | 2000 | 10985050 |
| diet of a polyphagous arthropod predator affects refuge seeking of its thrips prey. | antipredator behaviour of prey costs time and energy, at the expense of other activities. however, not all predators are equally dangerous to all prey; some may have switched to feeding on another prey species, making them effectively harmless. to minimize costs, prey should therefore invest in antipredator behaviour only when dangerous predators are around. to distinguish these from harmless predators, prey may use cues related to predation on conspecifics, such as odours released by a predator ... | 2000 | 11007646 |
| economic injury levels for western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) on greenhouse cucumber. | low, medium and high densities of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), were established in three greenhouses at the greenhouse and processing crops research centre, ontario, canada, in 1996 and 1998 to develop economic injury levels for thrips on greenhouse cucumber. thrips densities were monitored weekly using yellow sticky traps and flower counts. fruit was harvested twice a week, graded for size, weighed, and rated for thrips damage using three damage categories. sign ... | 2000 | 11142306 |
| the association of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, with a near erwinia species gut bacteria: transient or permanent? | associations between insects and gut bacteria are ubiquitous. it is possible to make a distinction between permanent associations (called symbiosis), in which the same type of bacteria is present in more than one generation of the insect, and transient associations. transient bacteria are ingested together with food but do not settle in the insect gut in such a way that they will be passed on to the next generation. in this study, we describe the permanent association between western flower thri ... | 2001 | 11273692 |
| growth and transmission of gut bacteria in the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. | the western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis), a polyphagous insect with global distribution, has a permanent association with a near erwinia species tac bacterium in its hindgut. since this bacterium is able to grow outside the thrips, it is a facultative symbiont that is not completely dependent on the host. in this study we address the question of how the association is maintained and how bacteria are transmitted to newly hatched thrips larvae. bacteria are passed on to new thrips vi ... | 2001 | 11273693 |
| modified atmosphere treatments as a potential disinfestation technique for arthropod pests in greenhouses. | incidental transport of arthropods on plant material can be a significant mode of pest entry into greenhouses. we evaluated the use of controlled atmosphere treatments as a potential way to eliminate arthropod pests on plant propagules (i.e., cuttings or small rooted plants). lethal exposures to co2 or n2 were determined for common greenhouse pests including fungus gnat larvae, bradysia sp.; green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer); sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia sp.; twospotted spider mite, te ... | 2001 | 11332835 |
| sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) on greenhouse cucumbers. | the development of cost-effective and reliable sampling programs for the management of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), on greenhouse cucumbers is important for getting growers to adopt economic injury levels and economic thresholds. the objectives of this study were to develop two sequential sampling plans. a fixed-precision sequential sampling plan was designed for estimating f. occidentalis adult density at a fixed-precision level on cucumber flowers. also, a sequ ... | 2001 | 11332857 |
| how species-specific is the phoretic relationship between the broad mite, polyphagotarsonemus latus (acari: tarsonemidae), and its insect hosts? | broad mite, polyphagotarsonemus latus (acari: tarsonemidae), is a serious plant pest in tropical and subtropical regions. phoretic associations between broad mite and two genera of whiteflies (insecta: homoptera: aleyrodidae). namely bemisia and trialeurodes, have been reported from different parts of the world. our purpose was to determine the specificity of the association between the mite and its phoretic hosts. two host plants, potatoes and cucumbers, were used to study these relationships i ... | 2001 | 11523917 |
| spatial and temporal patterns of dispersal of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in nectarine orchards in british columbia. | thrips were sampled from six nectarine orchards in the dry central interior, british columbia, canada, between april and june 1993 using yellow sticky cards on posts spaced around the perimeter of each orchard. although 12 identified species of thrips were captured, >90% of individuals were the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). the flight patterns and abundances of western flower thrips were compared between orchards located in two differently oriented valleys (n-s an ... | 2001 | 11561840 |
| pest response in packed table grapes to low temperature storage combined with slow-release sulfur dioxide pads in basic and large-scale tests. | the effect of low temperature storage combined with slow release sulfur dioxide pads was determined in basic laboratory and large-scale commercial tests on western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande; grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn); pacific spider mite, tetranychus pacificus mcgregor; twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch; and omnivorous leafroller, platynota stultana walshingham. temperatures within the foam containers among the packed clusters decrea ... | 2001 | 11561862 |
| evaluation of medium treatments for management of frankliniella occidentalis (thripidae: thysanoptera) and bradysia coprophila (diptera: sciaridae). | two greenhouse experiments, each comprising two trials, were conducted to evaluate medium drenches of insect growth regulators and conventional insecticides to reduce emergence of adult western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and fungus gnats, bradysia coprophila (lintner) from the medium. in the insect growth regulator trials, diflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen provided the greatest reduction in thrips emergence, and fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin resulted in the mo ... | 2001 | 11802598 |
| efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against soil-dwelling life stages of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | the efficacy of six entomopathogenic nematode (epn) strains was tested in a laboratory study against soil-dwelling life stages of western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). the epn strain collections screened included two heterorhabditis bacteriophora species, i.e., h. bacteriophora hk3 (h.b h) and h. bacteriophora hb brecan (h.b b), three steinernema feltiae species, i.e., s. feltiae sylt (s.f s), s. feltiae obsiii (s.f o), and s. feltiae strai ... | 2001 | 11812114 |
| factors determining vector competence and specificity for transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus. | the competence of a frankliniella occidentalis and a thrips tabaci population to transmit tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was analysed. adults of the f. occidentalis population transmitted this virus efficiently, whereas those of the thelytokous t. tabaci population failed to transmit. tswv replicated in the midgut of the larvae of both populations after ingestion of virus; however, lower amounts accumulated in t. tabaci larvae than in f. occidentalis larvae. the virus was almost undetectable i ... | 2002 | 11842261 |
| the detection of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in individual thrips using real time fluorescent rt-pcr (taqman). | tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is an important virus, economically in the uk, causing damaging disease in ornamental and vegetable crops. the virus is vectored by several species of thrips, most importantly the western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis pergande [thysanoptera: thripidae]). the vector thrips themselves constitute a damaging pest and are difficult to control completely. monitoring thrips numbers is an important part of the control of virus, but does not give information o ... | 2002 | 11849682 |
| enhanced fumigant toxicity of p-cymene against frankliniella occidentalis by simultaneous application of elevated levels of carbon dioxide. | the fumigant toxicity of the essential oil component p-cymene was assessed against western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. f occidentalis adult females, first- and second-instar larvae and eggs were exposed for 2, 24 and 48 h to combinations of three p-cymene doses and two carbon dioxide levels (ambient, 10%). additional experiments were conducted on f occidentalis adult females with lower carbon dioxide levels (ambient, 2%, 4%, 6%) applied in combination with p-cymene. combined appli ... | 2002 | 11852641 |
| public tolerance to defoliation and flower distortion in a public horticulture garden. | surveys of visitor and grower perception of live potted plant quality were conducted in various locations in a large public display garden. canna lily, canna x generalis l.h.bailey, was used to examine effects of defoliation by japanese beetle, popillia japonica newman, on public perception. chrysanthemums, chrysanthemum x morifolium ramat., were used to identify visitor and grower tolerance to flower distortion caused by western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), on single an ... | 2002 | 12020012 |
| modelling population dynamics of orius laevigatus and o. albidipennis (hemiptera: anthocoridae) to optimize their use as biological control agents of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | orius laevigatus: (fieber) and o. albidipennis (reuter) play an important role in the control of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) in crops and natural vegetation in the mediterranean area. the biological parameters of the two anthocorids were studied and modelled in relation to temperature to optimize their use in thrips control programmes. development times and reproductive parameters of o. laevigatus and o. albidipennis were determined at 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees c. pre-imaginal developm ... | 2002 | 12020365 |
| expression of the movement protein of tomato spotted wilt virus in its insect vector frankliniella occidentalis. | tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is able to infect both its botanical hosts and its insect vector (thrips). in plant tissue the ns(m) protein of tswv functions as viral movement protein (mp), aggregating into plasmodesma-penetrating tubules to establish cell-to-cell movement. as upon heterologous expression ns(m) was able to form similar tubules on the surface of insect (spodoptera frugiperda) cells, we have now investigated the expression and cellular manifestation of this protein in infected t ... | 2002 | 12038691 |
| predatory mites avoid ovipositing near counterattacking prey. | attacking prey is not without risk; predators may endure counterattack by the prey. here, we study the oviposition behaviour of a predatory mite (iphiseius degenerans) in relation to its prey, the western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis). this thrips is capable of killing the eggs of the predator. thrips and predatory mites - apart from feeding on each other - can also feed and reproduce on a diet of pollen. because thrips may aggregate at pollen patches, such patches may be risky for ... | 2001 | 12171271 |
| in vivo rearing of thripinema nicklewoodi (tylenchida: allantonematidae) and prospects as a biological control agent of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | methods are described for the in vivo production of the nematode thripinema nicklewoodi (siddiqi), an obligate parasite and potential biological control agent of western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). nematode infection is not lethal but causes sterilization of adult female hosts. both fertilization and horizontal transmission of t. nicklewoodi is achieved in 1.5-ml microcentrifuge tubes (infection arenas), in the presence of 100% humidity, a temporary food source and prefe ... | 2002 | 12216805 |
| high nucleotide diversity in the para-like voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene sequence in the western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae). | in a search for a pyrethroid resistance diagnostic marker, a partial sequence of the para-like sodium channel gene was obtained from 78 diploid females of the arrhenotokous insect pest species frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), the western flower thrips. although all the insects analyzed came from a single laboratory population, nine different haplotypes were obtained. two haplotypes did have the well-known l to f kdr mutation, but only one of these could be statistically linked to pyrethroi ... | 2002 | 12216829 |
| resistance of cultivated tomato to cell content-feeding herbivores is regulated by the octadecanoid-signaling pathway. | the octadecanoid signaling pathway has been shown to play an important role in plant defense against various chewing insects and some pathogenic fungi. here, we examined the interaction of a cell-content feeding arachnid herbivore, the two-spotted spider mite (tetranychus urticae koch), with cultivated tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) and an isogenic mutant line (defenseless-1 [def-1]) that is deficient in the biosynthesis of the octadecanoid pathway-derived signal, jasmonic acid (ja). spider mi ... | 2002 | 12226528 |
| field and laboratory selection of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) for resistance to insecticides. | response of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), to selection for resistance to insecticides commonly used to control this pest in murcia (south-east spain) was studied under field and laboratory conditions. in the field, plots within sweet pepper crops in commercial and experimental greenhouses were treated under different selection strategies: insecticide rotation versus formetanate reiteration, formetanate reiteration versus acrinathrin reiteration, and formetanate re ... | 2002 | 12233182 |
| evaluation of metabolic detoxifying enzyme activities and insecticide resistance in frankliniella occidentalis. | the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is a very significant pest of a number of different agricultural crops in the south-east of spain. the importance of thrips as a pest is not due mainly to the direct damage inflicted on the plant, but to the loss in commercial value which occurs as a consequence of the development of dark spots caused by the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) which they transmit. the economic threshold is therefore almost zero, which enhances the prob ... | 2002 | 12233183 |
| insecticide resistance in field populations of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) in murcia (south-east spain). | thirty-nine field populations of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) were collected from different crops (sweet pepper, tomato, lettuce, artichoke, melon, cucumber, carnation, broad bean, peach and plum) in murcia (south-east spain). all populations were reared separately in the laboratory to obtain enough individuals for bioassays. female thrips were bioassayed, using a standard topical application method, against methiocarb, methamidophos, acrinathrin, endosulfan, deltamethrin and formetanat ... | 2002 | 12233190 |
| the route of tomato spotted wilt virus inside the thrips body in relation to transmission efficiency. | the route of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in the body of its vectors, frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci (thysanoptera: thripidae) was studied during their development. first instar larvae were allowed, immediately upon hatching, to acquire virus from mechanically infected datura stramonium plants for 24 h. the rate of transmission by adults was determined in inoculation access feeding test on emilia sonchifolia leaf disks. thrips tissues were analysed for infection at 24 h interva ... | 2002 | 12417949 |
| foliar application of steinernema feltiae for the control of flower thrips. | results of a programme, continued from 2000, of weekly commercial foliar applications of entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of western flower thrips, are presented. the programme was extended to include two, year-round crops of pot chrysanthemums and one crop of year-round saintpaulias. from january to may 2001, the nematodes continued to give good control, particularly by reducing numbers of female thrips. in one case, attempts were made to reduce rates of nematodes to make the techniqu ... | 2001 | 12425049 |
| biorational agents--mechanism and importance in ipm and irm programs for controlling agricultural pests. | among the new approaches for controlling agricultural pests is the development of novel compounds affecting specific processes in insects such as chitin synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone mimics and ecdysone agonists. in addition, efforts have been made to develop compounds acting selectively on groups of insects by inhibiting or enhancing biochemical sites such as respiration (diafenthiuron), the nicotinyl acetylcholine receptors (imidacloprid and acetamiprid), the gaba receptors (avermecti ... | 2001 | 12425057 |
| spinosad, a new tool for insect control in vegetables cultivated in greenhouses. | spinosad is a biological insecticide derived as a fermentation product from the soil actinomycete saccharopolyspora spinosa. the compound was tested for its possible use in northwestern europe in vegetables cultivated in greenhouses. spinosad is an insect control agent that has activity against a wide range of insect pests including caterpillars, leafminers and thrips. because of its selectivity on a large number of beneficials used in greenhouses, spinosad is an interesting tool for insect cont ... | 2001 | 12425058 |
| the development of spinosad for the control of frankliniella occidentalis in protected ornamentals. | fifteen trials were undertaken to determine the effectiveness of spinosad for the control of frankliniella occidentalis on a range of glasshouse ornamentals. a range of dose rates were tested from 6-15 g as hl-1. a high level of control (> 90%) was achieved at most assessments of both nymphs and adults with a comparatively flat dose response recorded. rates of 9 g as hl-1 and above provided improved consistency of control compared with the lower rate of 6 g as hl-1 across trials. no adverse effe ... | 2001 | 12425059 |
| effectiveness of different emulsifiers for neem oil against the western flower thrips (thysanoptera, thripidae) and the warehouse moth (lepidoptera, pyralidae). | the neem tree produces highly specified acting insecticides mainly in its seeds. by pressurizing or extracting the seeds an insecticide oil can be manufactured. for successful application emulsifiers are needed to render the oil soluble in water. the heavy oil has to be stable in emulsion, but on the other hand the surfactant should not reduce the ecological property of the neem oil. the emulsifiers lutensol to10, emulan elp, rimulgan and tween 80 and for comparison the formulation neemazal-t/s ... | 2001 | 12425067 |
| emamectin, a novel insecticide for controlling field crop pests. | emamectin is a macrocyclic lactone insecticide with low toxicity to non-target organisms and the environment, and is considered an important component in pest-management programmes for controlling field crop pests. it is a powerful compound for controlling the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (hübner). a spray concentration of 25 mg ai litre-1 in a cotton field resulted in over 90% suppression of h armigera larvae up to day 28 after treatment, while similar mortality of the egyptian cotton l ... | 2002 | 12449526 |
| population dynamics of frankliniella spp. and tomato spotted wilt incidence as influenced by cultural management tactics in tomato. | we investigated the effects of ultraviolet (uv)-reflective mulch and two rates of nitrogen fertilization on populations of frankliniella spp. thrips and on the incidence of tomato spotted wilt in field-grown tomato in northern florida. the higher of the two soil nitrogen fertilizer treatments significantly increased populations of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), whereas mulch reflectance significantly decreased populations of f. occidentalis. populations of frankliniella tritici (fitch) w ... | 2002 | 12539834 |
| relationship between nutritional composition of plant species and infestation levels of thrips. | levels of soluble protein and carbohydrate (raffinose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose) in leaves from a selection of plant species were measured to determine if a relationship existed between these nutrients and infestation by frankliniella occidentalis and heliothrips haemorrhoidalis. most species of host plant examined contained a higher proportion of protein than carbohydrates, and overall, leaves from species of plants that supported populations of thrips had greater levels of protein than l ... | 2002 | 12564789 |
| efficacy of silwet l-77 against several arthropod pests of table grape. | silwet l-77, an organosilicone surfactant, was applied to several arthropod pests of california table grapes. eggs of grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn), and omnivorous leafroller, platynota stultana walsingham, were tolerant to 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% treatment solutions; however, eggs of pacific spider mite, tetranychus pacificus mcgregor, were highly susceptible with mortality >99.4% (0.1% silwet l-77). mortality of immature and adult stages of cotton aphid (aphis gossypii glover), ... | 2003 | 12650369 |
| prospects for biological control of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, with the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae, on chrysanthemum. | the potential of metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok. for the control of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) on chrysanthemum cuttings was evaluated in greenhouse experiments. the fungus significantly reduced both the adult and larval populations of f. occidentalis, although the level of control of larval populations was much lower than for adults. combined application of m. anisopliae and methomyl (lannate), however, resulted in a significant reduction of both the larval and adult stages. ... | 2002 | 12650600 |
| detection of tomato spotted wilt virus in its vector frankliniella occidentalis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | a method for rapid and reliable detection of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) (tospovirus, bunyaviridae) in its vector frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera thripidae) would be a useful tool for studying the epidemiology of this virus. a rt-pcr method developed for this purpose is reported. the method was tested on thrips involved in laboratory transmission trials and on thrips collected in the field, whose capability to transmit tswv was checked previously by leaf disk assays. the rt-pcr res ... | 2003 | 12668270 |
| spore adhesion of entomopathogenic fungi to larvae of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande, 1895)-(thysanoptera: thripidae). | the entomopathogenic fungus verticillium lecanii proves to be very promising in controlling the population of western flower thrips. special investigations have been carried out to clear up the mechanisms of spore-adhesion at the insects with fluorescence-microscopy. after direct soil applications we have found a lot of spores/larva while applying low spore-concentrations. the loading with spores after indirect applications was very high as well. the addition of oils to the suspension enhanced t ... | 2002 | 12696427 |
| epidemiology and management of tomato spotted wilt in peanut. | tomato spotted wilt caused by thrips-vectored tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is a very serious problem in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) production. tswv and the thrips frankliniella fusca and frankliniella occidentalis, which vector the virus, present a difficult and complicated challenge from the perspectives of both epidemiology and disease management. simply controlling the vector typically has not resulted in control of spotted wilt. no single measure can currently provide adequate control ... | 2003 | 12704217 |
| characterisation of the feeding behaviour of western flower thrips in terms of electrical penetration graph (epg) waveforms. | western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) causes damage to plants when they are feeding. also, this thrips species transmits tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) during stylet penetration. we investigated the penetration behaviour (probing) of thrips on pepper leaves and on liquid diet by electrical penetration graph (epg, dc-system) recording. in addition, we used high-magnification video observations to correlate epg waveforms with the insect's posture, head movements, and muscl ... | 2003 | 12769993 |
| effects of cysteine protease inhibitors on oviposition rate of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. | proteolytic activity in whole insect extracts of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, was found to belong predominantly to the class of cysteine proteases. the ph optimum of the general proteolytic activity was determined to be 3.5, which is low when compared to other insects using cysteine proteases for protein digestion. the proteinaceous cysteine protease inhibitors chicken cystatin, potato cystatin and sea anemone equistatin inhibited in vitro more than 90% of the protease ... | 2002 | 12770064 |
| rapid cold hardening in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | a rapid cold hardening process is reported in first instar larvae of frankliniella occidentalis. when larvae are transferred directly from 20 degrees c to -11.5 degrees c for 2h there is 78% mortality, whereas exposure to 0 degrees c for 4h prior to transfer to -11.5 degrees c reduces mortality to 10%. the response can also be induced by exposure to 5 degrees c for 4h or by gradual cooling at rates between 0.1 and 0.5 degrees c min(-1.) the acquired cold tolerance is transient and is rapidly los ... | 1997 | 12770454 |
| systemic effects of neem on western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | the systemic effects of neem on the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), were investigated in laboratory trials using green bean, phaseolus vulgaris l., in arena and microcosm experiments. in arena experiments, systemic effects of neem against western flower thrips larvae on primary bean leaves were observed with maximum corrected mortality of 50.6%. in microcosm experiments using bean seedlings, higher efficacy in the control of western flower thrips were observed with ... | 2003 | 12852622 |
| integrated management tactics for frankliniella thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in field-grown pepper. | in a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers. ultraviolet light (uv)-reflective mulch significantly reduced early season abundance of adult thrips compared with standard black plastic mulch. this difference diminished as the growing seasons progressed. late season abundance of thrips larvae was higher in uv reflective mulch compared with black mulch pl ... | 2003 | 14503592 |
| isobutylamides of unsaturated fatty acids from chrysanthemum morifolium associated with host-plant resistance against the western flower thrips. | three unsaturated fatty acid isobutylamides, n-isobutyl-2e,4e,10e,12z-tetradecatetraen-8-ynamide (1, new), n-isobutyl-2e,4e,12z-tetradecatrien-8,10-diynamide (2), and n-isobutyl-2e,4e,12e-tetradecatrien-8,10-diynamide (3), were isolated from the leaves and flowers of chrysanthemum morifolium. the structure of 1 was determined by spectral data interpretation. the concentration of 1 in chrysanthemum varieties was previously positively correlated with host-plant resistance against the western flowe ... | 2003 | 14510603 |
| influence of a short exposure to teflubenzuron residues on the predation of thrips by iphiseius degenerans (acari: phytoseiidae) and orius laevigatus (hemiptera: anthocoridae). | a short duration (24h) leaf-disc bioassay was used to determine the effects of teflubenzuron residues on the predation levels of two predators, iphiseius degenerans (berlese) and orius laevigatus (fieber), foraging on nymphs of two species of thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) and heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (bouche), on a range of different species of plant. teflubenzuron did cause thrips mortality during the 24-h bioassay; it was more active against h haemorrhoidalis than f occident ... | 2003 | 14620054 |
| analysis of anal droplets of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | larvae of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis are known to produce an anal droplet containing decyl acetate (10ac) and dodecyl acetate (12ac), which act as an alarm pheromone. analysis by gc showed that the combined mass of 10ac and 12ac per droplet increased with age of second instars from 2 ng to 18 ng, while the mass ratio of 10ac:12ac increased from 0.4:1 to 1.1:1 (molar ratio 0.4:1 to 1.2:1). droplet volume increased from 0.4 nl to 2.1 nl with age, but only about 1% of this ... | 2003 | 14682520 |
| evidence for a male-produced sex pheromone in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | olfactometer bioassays of walking adult western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) showed that virgin females (1- to 3-d postemergence) were attracted to the odor of 25 adult males, but not to the odor of 25 adult females, providing behavioral evidence for a male-produced sex pheromone in this species. in contrast to earlier findings, mixed-age adult males were attracted to the odor of adult males. gc analysis of odors collected on spme fibers revealed ... | 2004 | 15074664 |
| the plant virus tomato spotted wilt tospovirus activates the immune system of its main insect vector, frankliniella occidentalis. | tospoviruses have the ability to infect plants and their insect vectors. tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), the type species in the tospovirus genus, infects its most important insect vector, frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips (wft). however, no detrimental effects on the life cycle or cytopathological changes have been reported in the wft after tswv infection, and relatively few viral particles can be observed even several days after infection. we hypothesized that tswv infect ... | 2004 | 15113877 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes in the european biocontrol market. | in europe total revenues in the biocontrol market have reached approximately 200 million euros. the sector with the highest turn-over is the market for beneficial invertebrates with a 55% share, followed by microbial agents with approximately 25%. annual growth rates of up to 20% have been estimated. besides microbial plant protection products that are currently in the process of re-registration, several microbial products have been registered or are in the process of registration, following the ... | 2003 | 15149088 |
| fungus gnats, bradysia spp. (diptera: sciaridae), and other arthropods in commercial bagged soilless growing media and rooted plant plugs. | fungus gnats, bradysia spp., in greenhouses cause economic losses to horticultural producers by damaging young root systems during plant propagation, by spreading soilborne diseases, and by reducing the marketability of the crop. in a greenhouse cage study, our observations suggested that bagged soilless growing media or rooted plant plugs from wholesale distributors may be sources for the introduction of fungus gnats into commercial greenhouse facilities. to evaluate these possibilities, carefu ... | 2004 | 15154474 |
| comparing greenhouse sprayers: the dose-transfer process. | three sprayers were evaluated for their affect on retention and efficacy: a carbon dioxide powered high-volume sprayer, a dramm coldfogger, and an electrostatic spraying systems (ess) sprayer with air-assistance. the active ingredients used were spinosad and azadirachtin. the plant canopy was constructed in the greenhouse using potted soybeans (glycine max (l) merrill cr pioneer 9392). application efficacy with spinosad was assessed using thrips [western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis ... | 2004 | 15154520 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of cathepsin l-like cysteine protease cdnas from western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis). | cysteine proteases are predominant in thrips guts (tgs) and, therefore, a suitable target for selecting effective protease inhibitors against western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis). we report the isolation of four full-length cysteine protease cdna clones from thrips in a two-step pcr approach with degenerate oligonucleotides designed on conserved cathepsin l domains. at the deduced amino acid level, the clones possessed all functional and structural characteristics of cathepsin l, a ... | 2004 | 15364289 |
| insecticidal properties of a chenopodium-based botanical. | the emulsifiable concentrate uda-245 based on an essential oil extract from chenopodium ambrosioides variety near ambrosioides, a north american herbaceous plant, was compared with commercially available pesticides for their effectiveness to control green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer) (homoptera: aphididae), western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), and greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorium (westwood) (homoptera: aleyrodidae). side e ... | 2004 | 15384351 |
| diet-dependent effects of gut bacteria on their insect host: the symbiosis of erwinia sp. and western flower thrips. | studies on bacteria in the gut of insect species are numerous, but their focus is hardly ever on the impact on host performance. we showed earlier that erwinia bacteria occur in the gut of western flower thrips, most probably acquired during feeding. here, we investigate whether thrips gain a net benefit or pay a net cost because of these gut bacteria. on a diet of cucumber leaves, the time to maturity is shorter and the oviposition rate is higher in thrips with bacteria than in thrips without ( ... | 2004 | 15475338 |
| ontogenetic shifts in intraguild predation on thrips by phytoseiid mites: the relevance of body size and diet specialization. | in greenhouse agroecosystems, a guild of spider mite predators may consist of the oligophagous predatory mite phytoseiulus persimilis athias-henriot, the polyphagous predatory mite neoseiulus californicus mcgregor (both acari: phytoseiidae) and the primarily herbivorous but facultatively predatory western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande (thysanoptera: thripidae). diet-specialization and the predator body size relative to prey are crucial factors in predation on f. occidentalis ... | 2004 | 15541196 |
| tactics for management of thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) and tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato. | four studies were conducted in georgia during spring 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 to evaluate various management tactics for reducing thrips and thrips-vectored tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in tomato and their interactions relative to fruit yield. populations of thrips vectors of tswv, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) and frankliniella fusca (hinds), were determined using flower and sticky trap samples. the management practices evaluated were host plant resistance, insecticide treatments, ... | 2004 | 15568355 |
| the efficacy of spinosad against the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, and its impact on associated biological control agents on greenhouse cucumbers in southern ontario. | insecticides are the most commonly used tactic to control western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis pergande (thysanoptera: thripidae), on greenhouse cucumber. however, wft has developed resistance to several of the insecticides presently in use. in addition, some of these insecticides adversely affect greenhouse biological control agents used to control wft, resulting in subsequent pest resurgence. therefore, there is a need to identify novel insecticides with unique modes of acti ... | 2005 | 15619719 |
| combining plant- and soil-dwelling predatory mites to optimise biological control of thrips. | the efficiency of a natural enemy combination compared to a single species release for the control of western flower thrips (wft) frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) on cucumber plants was investigated. since a large part of f occidentalis seems to enter the soil passage, a joint release of the plant-inhabiting predatory mite amblyseius cucumeris (oudemans) that feeds on thrips first-instar larvae and the soil-dwelling predatory mite hypoaspis aculeifer (canestrini) that preys on thrips pupae ... | 2004 | 15651523 |
| expression of a viral polymerase-bound host factor turns human cell lines permissive to a plant- and insect-infecting virus. | tospoviruses are the only plant-infecting members of the bunyaviridae family of ambisense ssrna viruses. tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv), the type-member, also causes mild infection on its main insect vector, frankliniella occidentalis. herein, we identified an f. occidentalis putative transcription factor (fotf) that binds to the tswv rna-dependent rna polymerase and to viral rna. using in vitro rna synthesis assays, we show that addition of purified fotf improves viral replication, but n ... | 2005 | 15657123 |
| pyridalyl, a novel insecticide: potency and insecticidal selectivity. | pyridalyl is an insecticide of a novel chemical class (unclassified insecticides). toxicity of pyridalyl to two insect pest species, spodoptera litura and frankliniella occidentalis, an insect predator, orius stringicollis, and a pollinator, bombus terrestris, was evaluated in the laboratory. the insecticidal activity of pyridalyl against s. litura was evaluated using the leaf-dipping method. the potency of pyridalyl was highly effective against all development stages (2nd to 6th instar larvae) ... | 2005 | 15756699 |
| effectiveness of imidacloprid (proagro 100 sl) in the control of glasshouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum) and western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis) on tomato under cover. | in 2002 a glasshouse experiments were carried out on the effectiveness of proagro 100 sl in the control of glasshouse whitefly and western flower thrips on tomato cv. perkoz. strict observation of the basic prophylactic rules such as introducing in to glasshouse only healthy seedlings, uninfected by whitefly and thrips as well as isolation of tomato plants, especially the seedlings from ornamental plants are important to the limit of the pest population. during the vegetation period the populati ... | 2004 | 15759404 |
| dissemination of the entomopathogenic fungus verticillium lecanii (zimmermann) viégas (hyphomycetales: moniliaceae) in a population of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande, 1895) (thysanoptera: thripidae). | tests were carried out to investigate the dissemination of the entomopathogenic fungus verticillium lecanii (zimmermann) viégas in a population of frankliniella occidentalis. the tested factors, which influence the efficacy of the fungus against the pest insect, have been the population density of the thrips at the application moment as well as the temperature. the population density influenced the dissemination of the fungal spores in the population. the higher the density has been, the higher ... | 2004 | 15759413 |
| influence of diet on life table parameters of iphiseius degenerans (acari: phytoseiidae). | abstract. studies on the reproduction, longevity and life table parameters of iphiseius degenerans (berlese) were carried out under laboratory conditions of 25 +/- 1 degree c, 75 +/- 5% rh and 16l:8d h. as food sources for the predatory mite, ricinus communis l. pollen, all stages of the spider mite tetrranchus urticae koch, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) larvae, and ephestia kuehniella zeller eggs were selected. all diets were accepted as food by the adult mites. female longevity ranged ... | 2005 | 15792099 |
| evidence for an isobutylamide associated with host-plant resistance to western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, in chrysanthemum. | bioassay-directed fractionation of extracts of chrysanthemum leaves using a choice test permitted isolation of a fraction that exhibited repellent activity against the western flower thrips (wft). analysis of this fraction from cultivars exhibiting varying degrees of host-plant resistance to wft by high performance liquid chromatography revealed a distinctive peak, the height of which correlated with the degree of resistance of those cultivars to wft. the peak was attributed to a novel unsaturat ... | 2005 | 15839483 |
| composition and insect attracting activity of the essential oil of rosmarinus officinalis. | the essential oil and a number of extracts of rosmarinus officinalis l. in solvents of increasing polarity were isolated, and their components identified and tested as pest control agents. ethanol and acetone extracts attract grape berry moth lobesia botrana. however, none of the extracts had a significant effect on western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis, which is attracted by 1,8-cineole, a major essential oil component. | 2005 | 15839484 |
| potential of temperature, controlled atmospheres, and ozone fumigation to control thrips and mealybugs on ornamental plants for export. | ozone (o3) fumigation is a potential quarantine treatment alternative for controlling stored-product pests and surface insect pests on fresh agricultural commodities. we explored the effects of temperature, treatment time, controlled atmospheres, and vacuum in combination with o3 to control two important pests of ornamental crops: western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and longtailed mealybug, pseudococcus longispinus targioni tozzetti. treatment parameters tested were o3 ... | 2005 | 15889716 |
| metabolic mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). | the interactions between six insecticides (methiocarb, formetanate, acrinathrin, deltamethrin, methamidophos and endosulfan) and three potential synergists (piperonyl butoxide (pbo), s,s,s-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (def) and diethyl maleate (dem)) were studied by topical exposure in strains selected for resistance to each insecticide, and in a susceptible strain of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). in the susceptible strain pbo produced appreciable synergism only of formetanate, methioca ... | 2005 | 15912569 |
| oral toxicity of photorhabdus toxins against thrips species. | the oral toxicity of excretion products of several photorhabdus and xenorhabdus strains was tested on two thrips species: frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci. out of 46 photorhabdus isolates and six xenorhabdus isolates only six north american p. temperata isolates were toxic to the thrips species. after 7 days of drinking from p. temperata supernatant a mortality of 90% could be reached. thrips were also killed after sucking from leaves covered with the toxins. toxins have a negative e ... | 2005 | 15955338 |
| development of a novel bioassay for estimation of median lethal concentrations (lc50) and doses (ld50) of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana, against western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. | to conduct laboratory experiments aimed at quantifying secondary acquisition of fungal conidia by western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis), an efficient assay technique using beauveria bassiana as the model fungus was developed. various application protocols were tested and it was determined that the percent mortality did not vary among protocols. peak mortality of second-instar nymphs, under constant exposure to conidia, occurred 5 days post-inoculation. second-instar thrips that were ... | 2005 | 16039665 |
| cadmium hyperaccumulation protects thlaspi caerulescens from leaf feeding damage by thrips (frankliniella occidentalis). | metal hyperaccumulation has been proposed as a plant defensive strategy. here, we investigated whether cadmium (cd) hyperaccumulation protected thlaspi caerulescens from leaf feeding damage by thrips (frankliniella occidentalis). two ecotypes differing in cd accumulation, ganges (high) and prayon (low), were grown in compost amended with 0-1000 mg cd kg(-1) in two experiments under glasshouse conditions. f2 and f3 plants from the prayon x ganges crosses were grown with 5 mg cd kg(-1). plants wer ... | 2005 | 16101917 |
| methyl jasmonate application induces increased densities of glandular trichomes on tomato, lycopersicon esculentum. | this study was designed to address whether applications of methyl jasmonate (mj) or benzothiadiazole (bth) to cultivated tomato, lycopersicon esculentum, induced elevated densities of defense-related glandular trichomes on new leaves. four-leaf tomato plants were sprayed with mj, bth, or control solutions, and the density of type vi glandular trichomes on new leaves was subsequently determined at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. at 7, 14, and 21 d, the density of type vi glandular trichomes on new leaves ... | 2005 | 16132222 |
| acquisition of lethal doses of beauveria bassiana conidia by western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, exposed to foliar spray residues of formulated and unformulated conidia. | secondary acquisition of beauveria bassiana conidia was recorded on the whole bodies and selected body parts of second-instar nymphs and adult female western flower thrips exposed to foliar spray residues of three differently formulated conidial preparations, for 24 h. conidia were formulated in emulsifiable oil or with clay (wettable powder), or were essentially unformulated conidia (technical grade powder suspended in water with a surfactant). formulation had no significant effect on dose acqu ... | 2005 | 16165151 |
| signal signature and transcriptome changes of arabidopsis during pathogen and insect attack. | plant defenses against pathogens and insects are regulated differentially by cross-communicating signaling pathways in which salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja), and ethylene (et) play key roles. to understand how plants integrate pathogen- and insect-induced signals into specific defense responses, we monitored the dynamics of sa, ja, and et signaling in arabidopsis after attack by a set of microbial pathogens and herbivorous insects with different modes of attack. arabidopsis plants were e ... | 2005 | 16167763 |
| application of the electronic nose to the classification of resistance to western flower thrips in chrysanthemums. | a metal oxide sensor-based electronic nose was tested for its ability to discriminate among chrysanthemum cultivars with varying degrees of resistance to western flower thrips (wft), based on volatile chemicals released from cut leaves. cultivars that were susceptible, intermediate, or resistant to wft [based on mean cultivar rank (mcr)] were used as standards, and were correctly classified (> 90%) by using discriminant function analysis. several cultivars with unknown resistance were classified ... | 2005 | 16195853 |
| identification of a male-produced aggregation pheromone in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | two major components have been detected in the headspace volatiles of adult male frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) that are not present in the headspace volatiles of adult females. the compounds were identified as (r)-lavandulyl acetate and neryl (s)-2-methylbutanoate by comparison with synthetic standards using gas chromatography (gc), gc mass spectrometry (ms), and chiral gc. field trials were conducted with synthetic compounds in naturally infested crops of sweet ... | 2005 | 16222777 |
| differences in effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids on five generalist insect herbivore species. | the evolution of the diversity in plant secondary compounds is often thought to be driven by insect herbivores, although there is little empirical evidence for this assumption. to investigate whether generalist insect herbivores could play a role in the evolution of the diversity of related compounds, we examined if (1) related compounds differ in their effects on generalists, (2) there is a synergistic effect among compounds, and (3) effects of related compounds differed among insect species. t ... | 2005 | 16222788 |
| efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae (rhabditida: steinernematidae) as influenced by frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) developmental stage and host plant stage. | entomopathogenic nematodes were investigated as an alternative biological control strategy for western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), in ornamental greenhouse crops, by using potted chrysanthemum as a model crop. the susceptibility of various life stages of f. occidentalis to different concentrations of the nematode steinernema feltiae (filipjev) (rhabditida: steinernematidae) was investigated in petri dish bioassays. this was followed with trials ... | 2005 | 16334313 |
| imidacloprid effects on probing and settling behavior of frankliniella fusca and frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) in tomato. | the effects of tomato, lycopersicum spp., leaves treated with imidacloprid on probing and settling behavior of frankliniella fusca (hinds) and frankliniella occidentalis (pergrande) were examined using an electrical penetration graph technique and an intact leaf bioassay. for each experiment, thrips were subjected to nontreated plants and plants treated with either of two rates of imidacloprid: 7.81 and 41.55 microg [(ai)] per plant. f. fusca probed less frequently on plants treated with the hig ... | 2005 | 16334332 |
| summer weeds as hosts for frankliniella occidentalis and frankliniella fusca (thysanoptera: thripidae) and as reservoirs for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in north carolina. | in north carolina, tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (family bunyaviridae, genus tospovirus, tswv) is vectored primarily by the tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca (hinds), and the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). tswv overwinters in winter annual weeds from which it is spread to susceptible crops in spring. because most susceptible crops are destroyed after harvest before winter weeds emerge in the fall, infected summer weeds are thought to be ... | 2005 | 16539098 |
| host plant, temperature, and photoperiod effects on ovipositional preference of frankliniella occidentalis and frankliniella fusca (thysanoptera: thripidae). | host plant effects of tomato, lycopersicon esculentum mill., and chickweed, stellaria media (l.) vill., foliage infected and uninfected with tomato spotted wilt virus (family bunyaviridae, genus tospovirus, tswv) on the ovipositional preferences of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca (hinds), were investigated for whole plants in the greenhouse. in addition, the preference for leaf disks from the same host plants was investigated ... | 2005 | 16539139 |
| mode of action of a novel nonchemical method of insect control: atmospheric pressure plasma discharge. | atmospheric pressure plasma discharge (appd) has been applied to a number of industrial applications, including the bacterial sterilization of medical equipment of bacteria. appd may also have applications in insect control. a positive correlation was found between exposure time to appd and mortality of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande); tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca (hinds); asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse); twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urti ... | 2006 | 16573321 |
| evaluation of dicyphus hersperus (heteroptera: miridae) for biological control of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) on greenhouse tomato. | the effectiveness of inoculative releases of the mirid predator dicyphus hesperus knight for control of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) on greenhouse tomatoes was evaluated in terms of suppression of the population densities of f. occidentalis and associated fruit damage in the presence of the predator over two seasonal trials. an inoculative release of one d. hesperus per plant (approximately 0.1:10 predator:prey ratio) at a high f. occidentalis population density (140 thrips per plant) s ... | 2006 | 16686140 |
| sampling methods, dispersion patterns, and fixed precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) and cotton fleahoppers (hemiptera: miridae) in cotton. | a 2-yr field study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of two sampling methods (visual and plant washing techniques) for western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and five sampling methods (visual, beat bucket, drop cloth, sweep net, and vacuum) for cotton fleahopper, pseudatomoscelis seriatus (reuter), in texas cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.), and to develop sequential sampling plans for each pest. the plant washing technique gave similar results to the visual method ... | 2006 | 16686161 |
| starvation period and age affect the response of female frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) to odor and visual cues. | the effects of starvation or age on the walking or flying response of female frankliniella occidentalis to visual and/or odor cues in two types of olfactometer were examined in the laboratory. the response of walking thrips starved for 0, 1, 4, or 24h to an odor cue (1microl of 10% p-anisaldehyde) was examined in a y-tube olfactometer. the take-off and landing response of thrips (unknown age) starved for 0, 1, 4, 24, 48 or 72h, or of thrips of different ages (2-3 days or 10-13 days post-adult em ... | 2006 | 16707136 |
| pheromone-induced priming of a defensive response in western flower thrips. | the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis produces conspicuous anal droplets that function as a direct defense against various predators. these droplets also function in pheromonal communication in that they contain a mixture of decyl acetate and dodecyl acetate, which acts as an alarm. exposure of thrips to synthetic pheromone is known to promote takeoff or refuge seeking, but the effect of the natural pheromone has not yet been studied. here, we not only studied the response to natu ... | 2006 | 16710769 |