| bactericidal and fungicidal activities of calia secundiflora (ort.) yakovlev. | calia secundiflora (ortega) yakovlev (fabaceae) is considered a medicinal plant in mexico but has scarcely been used because of the toxicity of its quinolizidine alkaloids. several quinolizidine alkaloids have shown bactericidal, nematicidal, and fungicidal activities. the purpose of this study was to identify the alkaloids in the seeds and evaluate the activity of the organic extract on several phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. an in vitro bioassay was conducted with species of the following ... | 2008 | 19040102 |
| [identification and characterization of novel antimicrobial protein apn5 against erwinia carotovora]. | amorphophallus soft rot disease, caused by erwinia carotovora, affects amorphophallus industry development. we identified and characterized protein apn5 against erwinia carotovora, isolated from bacillus subtilis strain bsn5. | 2008 | 19062643 |
| the r1162 mob proteins can promote conjugative transfer from cryptic origins in the bacterial chromosome. | the mobilization proteins of the broad-host-range plasmid r1162 can initiate conjugative transfer of a plasmid from a 19-bp locus that is partially degenerate in sequence. such loci are likely to appear by chance in the bacterial chromosome and could act as cryptic sites for transfer of chromosomal dna when r1162 is present. the r1162-dependent transfer of chromosomal dna, initiated from one such potential site in pectobacterium atrosepticum, is shown here. a second active site was identified in ... | 2009 | 19074386 |
| gdsl lipase-like 1 regulates systemic resistance associated with ethylene signaling in arabidopsis. | systemic resistance is induced by necrotizing pathogenic microbes and non-pathogenic rhizobacteria and confers protection against a broad range of pathogens. here we show that arabidopsis gdsl lipase-like 1 (glip1) plays an important role in plant immunity, eliciting both local and systemic resistance in plants. glip1 functions independently of salicylic acid but requires ethylene signaling. enhancement of glip1 expression in plants increases resistance to pathogens including alternaria brassici ... | 2009 | 19077166 |
| physicochemical basis for the inhibitory effects of organic and inorganic salts on the growth of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and pectobacterium atrosepticum. | twenty-one salts were tested for their effects on the growth of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and pectobacterium atrosepticum. in liquid medium, 11 salts (0.2 m) exhibited strong inhibition of bacterial growth. the inhibitory action of salts relates to the water-ionizing capacity and the lipophilicity of their constituent ions. | 2009 | 19114504 |
| nramp genes function in arabidopsis thaliana resistance to erwinia chrysanthemi infection. | atnramp3 and atnramp4 are two arabidopsis metal transporters sharing about 50% sequence identity with mouse nramp1. the nramp1/slc11a1 metal ion transporter plays a crucial role in the innate immunity of animal macrophages targeted by intracellular bacterial pathogens. atnramp3 and atnramp4 localize to the vacuolar membrane. we found that atnramp3 is upregulated in leaves challenged with the bacterial pathogens pseudomonas syringae and erwinia chrysanthemi, whereas atnramp4 expression is not mod ... | 2009 | 19121106 |
| the phage abortive infection system, toxin, functions as a protein-rna toxin-antitoxin pair. | various mechanisms exist that enable bacteria to resist bacteriophage infection. resistance strategies include the abortive infection (abi) systems, which promote cell death and limit phage replication within a bacterial population. a highly effective 2-gene abi system from the phytopathogen erwinia carotovora subspecies atroseptica, designated toxin, is described. the toxin abi system also functions as a toxin-antitoxin (ta) pair, with toxn inhibiting bacterial growth and the tandemly repeated ... | 2009 | 19124776 |
| [soluble expression of aiia protein and analysis of its antimicrobial activity]. | ahls are signaling molecules produced by gram-negative bacterium during their proliferation. these molecules are closely related with bacteria pathogenicity. aiia protein, functioning as a intracellular lactonase, hydrolyses ahls at lactone loop in the molecule to reduce its biological activity and also dramatically reduces pathogenicity of bacterium at the same time. in this study, dna fragment encoding aiia gene was amplified from the plasmid derived from bacillus thuringiensis by pcr. express ... | 2008 | 19137818 |
| arabidopsis gdsl lipase 2 plays a role in pathogen defense via negative regulation of auxin signaling. | glip1 was isolated previously from arabidopsis, as a salicylic acid-responsive secreted gdsl lipase that functions in resistance to alternaria brassicicola [i.s. oh, a.r. park, m.s. bae, s.j. kwon, y.s. kim, j.e. lee, n.y. kang, s. lee, h. cheong, o.k. park, secretome analysis reveals an arabidopsis lipase involved in defense against alternaria brassicicola. plant cell 17 (2005) 2832-2847.]. to extend our knowledge of the roles played by glips in arabidopsis, we conducted functional studies of a ... | 2009 | 19146828 |
| [separation, characters and biological functions of erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae toxin]. | the toxin produced by erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae has not been reported so far. toxin is one of the important pathogenic factors for plant pathogenic bacteria. the separation and purification of toxin are the key and basal work for toxin functional study. | 2008 | 19149166 |
| acsd catalyzes enantioselective citrate desymmetrization in siderophore biosynthesis. | bacterial pathogens need to scavenge iron from their host for growth and proliferation during infection. they have evolved several strategies to do this, one being the biosynthesis and excretion of small, high-affinity iron chelators known as siderophores. the biosynthesis of siderophores is an important area of study, not only for potential therapeutic intervention but also to illuminate new enzyme chemistries. two general pathways for siderophore biosynthesis exist: the well-characterized nonr ... | 2009 | 19182782 |
| the cross-reactivity of anti-asparaginase antibodies against different l-asparaginase preparations. | repeated administration of l-asparaginase leads to the development of specific antibodies and hypersensitivity reactions. the aim of the study was to evaluate a possible cross-reaction of anti-asparaginase antibodies, developed against the native e. coli l-asparaginase (asparaginase medac), with other preparations of the enzyme. sixteen patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in whom in the reinduction phase of treatment hypersensitivity against l-asparaginase was observed and/or the presenc ... | 2009 | 19184328 |
| lines of evidence for horizontal gene transfer of a phenazine producing operon into multiple bacterial species. | phenazines are secondary metabolites with broad-spectrum antibiotic activity against bacteria, fungi, and eukaryotes. in pseudomonad species, a conserved seven-gene phenazine operon (phzabcdefg) is required for the conversion of chorismic acid to the broad-spectrum antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylate. previous analyses of genes involved in phenazine production from nonpseudomonad species uncovered a high degree of sequence similarity to pseudomonad homologues. the analyses undertaken in this stud ... | 2009 | 19189039 |
| diverse antibacterial activity of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.carotovorum isolated in korea. | fifty-four pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strains isolated in korea were characterized by a spectrum of antibacterial activities against 7 indicator strains chosen to represent various regions and host plants. all p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum isolates tested could be grouped into 4 classes depending on the pattern of antibacterial substance production. all tested strains had dna fragment(s) homologous to the genes encoding carotovoricin and 21 of them had genes homologous to ... | 2009 | 19190407 |
| role of motility and chemotaxis in the pathogenesis of dickeya dadantii 3937 (ex erwinia chrysanthemi 3937). | dickeya dadantii 3937 (ex erwinia chrysanthemi), a member of the enterobacteriaceae, causes soft rot in many economically important crops. a successful pathogen has to reach the interior of the plant in order to cause disease. to study the role of motility and chemotaxis in the pathogenicity of d. dadantii 3937, genes involved in the chemotactic signal transduction system (chew, cheb, chey and chez) and in the structure of the flagellar motor (mota) were mutagenized. all the mutant strains grew ... | 2009 | 19202091 |
| antiviral immunity in drosophila requires systemic rna interference spread. | multicellular organisms evolved sophisticated defence systems to confer protection against pathogens. an important characteristic of these immune systems is their ability to act both locally at the site of infection and at distal uninfected locations. in insects, such as drosophila melanogaster, rna interference (rnai) mediates antiviral immunity. however, the antiviral rnai defence in flies seems to be a local, cell-autonomous process, as flies are thought to be unable to generate a systemic rn ... | 2009 | 19204732 |
| lactic acid bacteria from fresh fruit and vegetables as biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. | this study evaluated the efficacy of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from fresh fruits and vegetables as biocontrol agents against the phytopathogenic and spoilage bacteria and fungi, xanthomonas campestris, erwinia carotovora, penicillium expansum, monilinia laxa, and botrytis cinerea. the antagonistic activity of 496 lab strains was tested in vitro and all tested microorganisms except p. expansum were inhibited by at least one isolate. the 496 isolates were also analyzed for the inhibition ... | 2008 | 19204894 |
| [antitumor activity of l-asparaginase from yersinia pseudotuberculosis]. | the cytotoxic activity of l-asparaginases from yersinia pseudotuberculosis and from erwinia carotovora were investigated in vitro using several tumor cells lines: jurkat and molt-4 (human t-lymphoblastic leukemia), mcf-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), lncap (human prostate carcinoma), nguk1 (rat gasser node neurinoma). e. coli l-asparaginase produced by "medak" (germany) was used as a reference. the cell growth inhibition data indicate that y. pseudotuberculosis l-asparaginase significantly inhi ... | 2008 | 19205431 |
| control of foodborne pathogens and soft-rot bacteria on bell pepper by three strains of bacterial antagonists. | forty-two representative strains of native bacteria associated with fresh peeled baby carrots were isolated and characterized. two of these strains, identified as pseudomonas fluorescens ag3a (pf ag3a) and bacillus yd1, were evaluated in conjunction with another known antagonist, p. fluorescens 2-79 (pf 2-79), for their potential as biocontrol agents of human pathogens (listeria monocytogenes, yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella enterica, and escherichia coli o157:h7) and soft-rot bacteria (erwi ... | 2009 | 19205468 |
| drosophila intestinal response to bacterial infection: activation of host defense and stem cell proliferation. | although drosophila systemic immunity is extensively studied, little is known about the fly's intestine-specific responses to bacterial infection. global gene expression analysis of drosophila intestinal tissue to oral infection with the gram-negative bacterium erwinia carotovora revealed that immune responses in the gut are regulated by the imd and jak-stat pathways, but not the toll pathway. ingestion of bacteria had a dramatic impact on the physiology of the gut that included modulation of st ... | 2009 | 19218090 |
| ironing out a new siderophore synthesis strategy. | | 2009 | 19219015 |
| metagenomics revealed a quorum quenching lactonase qlca from yet unculturable soil bacteria. | quorum sensing (qs) is a signal mediated cell-cell communication system that couples bacterial cell density to a synchronized gene expression (fuqua et al., 1994). mostly, in gram negative bacteria qs signals are n-acylhomoserine lactones (nahls) that coordinate important functions such as virulence and pathogenicity. qs signals or the elements involved in their production or perception could be targeted to disrupt qs, a phenomenon called quorum quenching (qq). qq properties (chemicals and enzym ... | 2008 | 19226736 |
| infection induces a survival program and local remodeling in the airway epithelium of the fly. | although the prevalence of inflammatory airway diseases is steadily growing, our knowledge regarding the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms is fragmentary. the striking simplicity of the fruit fly's airway epithelium, which is composed of epithelial cells only, justifies its use as a model to study general features and response characteristics of airway epithelia in general. infection with the gram-negative pathogen erwinia carotovora induces an immune response in all epithelial cells ... | 2009 | 19237508 |
| efficacy of fit produce wash and chlorine dioxide on pathogen control in fresh potatoes. | a commercial fresh pack potato operation was used as a model to evaluate fit fruit and vegetable wash effectiveness in reducing levels of microorganisms on potatoes and in flume water. fresh potatoes were washed in flume water with or without fit, or treated with a spray bar utilizing either fit, 9 ppm chlorine dioxide (cio2), or a water control. both flume treatments were also evaluated for apc and gram-negatives. there were no significant differences in reduction of these microorganisms on tre ... | 2008 | 19241558 |
| survival and dissemination of escherichia coli o157:h7 on physically and biologically damaged lettuce plants. | the ecology of the vegetable leaf surface is important to the survival of enteric pathogens. understanding changes in ecological parameters during the preharvest stages of production can lead to development of approaches to minimize the hazard of contamination of fresh fruits and vegetables with foodborne pathogens. in this study, survival levels of escherichia coli o157 over a 10-day period were compared among traumatically injured, phytopathogen-damaged, and healthy lettuce plants. leaves from ... | 2008 | 19244888 |
| high-throughput screening of erwinia chrysanthemi pectin methylesterase variants using carbohydrate microarrays. | pectin methylesterases (pmes) catalyse the removal of methyl esters from the homogalacturonan (hg) backbone domain of pectin, a ubiquitous polysaccharide in plant cell walls. the degree of methyl esterification (de) impacts upon the functional properties of hg within cell walls and plants produce numerous pmes that act upon hg in muro. many microbial plant pathogens also produce pmes, the activity of which renders hg more susceptible to cleavage by pectin lyase and polygalacturonase enzymes and ... | 2009 | 19333997 |
| development of medium for enhanced production of glutaminase-free l-asparaginase from pectobacterium carotovorum mtcc 1428. | glutaminase-free l-asparaginase is known to be an excellent anticancer agent. in the present study, statistically based experimental designs were applied to maximize the production of glutaminase-free l-asparaginase from pectobacterium carotovorum mtcc 1428. nine components of the medium were examined for their significance on the production of l-asparaginase using the plackett-burman experimental design. the medium components, viz., glucose, l-asparagine, kh2po4, and mgso(4).7h2o, were screened ... | 2009 | 19352649 |
| a conserved tyrosyl-glutamyl catalytic dyad in evolutionarily linked enzymes: carbapenam synthetase and beta-lactam synthetase. | beta-lactam-synthesizing enzymes carbapenam synthetase (cps) and beta-lactam synthetase (beta-ls) are evolutionarily linked to a common ancestor, asparagine synthetase b (as-b). these three relatives catalyze substrate acyl-adenylation and nucleophilic acyl substitution by either an external (as-b) or internal (cps, beta-ls) nitrogen source. unlike as-b, crystal structures of cps and beta-ls revealed a putative tyr-glu dyad (cps, y345/e380; beta-ls, y348/e382) proposed to deprotonate the respect ... | 2009 | 19371088 |
| phylogeny and virulence of naturally occurring type iii secretion system-deficient pectobacterium strains. | pectobacterium species are enterobacterial plant-pathogenic bacteria that cause soft rot disease in diverse plant species. previous epidemiological studies of pectobacterium species have suffered from an inability to identify most isolates to the species or subspecies level. we used three previously described dna-based methods, 16s-23s intergenic transcribed spacer pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, to ... | 2009 | 19411432 |
| rsmc of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora negatively controls motility, extracellular protein production, and virulence by binding flhd and modulating transcriptional activity of the master regulator, flhdc. | rsmc and flhdc are global regulators controlling extracellular proteins/enzymes, rsmb rna, motility, and virulence of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. flhdc, the master regulator of flagellar genes, controls these traits by positively regulating gaca, flia, and rsmc and negatively regulating hexa. rsmc, on the other hand, is a negative regulator of extracellular proteins/enzymes, motility, and virulence since the deficiency of rsmc in flhdc(+) strain results in overproduction of extracellul ... | 2009 | 19447906 |
| microbial siderophores exert a subtle role in arabidopsis during infection by manipulating the immune response and the iron status. | siderophores (ferric ion chelators) are secreted by organisms in response to iron deficiency. the pathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi produces two siderophores, achromobactin and chrysobactin (cb), which are required for systemic dissemination in host plants. previous studies have shown that cb is produced in planta and can trigger the up-regulation of the plant ferritin gene atfer1. to further investigate the function of cb during pathogenesis, we analyzed its effect in arabidopsis ... | 2009 | 19448037 |
| isolation and characterization of endophytic and rhizosphere bacterial antagonists of soft rot pathogen from pinellia ternata. | pinellia ternata, a traditional chinese herb that has been used in china for over 1000 years, is susceptible to a soft rot disease, which may cause major loss of yield. the use of bacteria as potential antagonists against pectobacterium carotovorum sxr1, the causal agent of the disease on p. ternata, was evaluated. altogether, 1107 candidate bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and surface-sterilized plants of p. ternata. in petri dish tests, 55 isolates inhibited the growth of strain sxr ... | 2009 | 19473246 |
| comparative genomics-guided loop-mediated isothermal amplification for characterization of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. | to design and evaluate a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) protocol by combining comparative genomics and bioinformatics for characterization of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (psp), the causal agent of halo blight disease of bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). | 2009 | 19486391 |
| molecular-dynamics simulations of elic-a prokaryotic homologue of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. | the ligand-gated ion channel from erwinia chrysanthemi (elic) is a prokaryotic homolog of the eukaryotic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) that responds to the binding of neurotransmitter acetylcholine and mediates fast signal transmission. elic is similar to the nachr in its primary sequence and overall subunit organization, but despite their structural similarity, it is not clear whether these two ligand-gated ion channels operate in a similar manner. further, it is not known to what ex ... | 2009 | 19486673 |
| identification of an isr-related metabolite produced by rhizobacterium klebsiella oxytoca c1036 active against soft-rot disease pathogen in tobacco. | klebsiella oxytoca c1036 (c1036) causes induced systemic resistance (isr) activity against the soft-rot pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum scc1 (scc1). however, microbial metabolites from c1036 involved in isr activity remain unknown. the present study was performed to identify an isr-related metabolite produced by c1036. | 2009 | 19504536 |
| a common toxin fold mediates microbial attack and plant defense. | many plant pathogens secrete toxins that enhance microbial virulence by killing host cells. usually, these toxins are produced by particular microbial taxa, such as bacteria or fungi. in contrast, many bacterial, fungal and oomycete species produce necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (nep1)-like proteins (nlps) that trigger leaf necrosis and immunity-associated responses in various plants. we have determined the crystal structure of an nlp from the phytopathogenic oomycete pythium aphanider ... | 2009 | 19520828 |
| slya, a marr family transcriptional regulator, is essential for virulence in dickeya dadantii 3937. | slya, a marr family transcriptional regulator, controls an assortment of biological functions in several animal-pathogenic bacteria. in order to elucidate the functions of slya in the phytopathogen dickeya dadantii (formerly erwinia chrysanthemi) 3937, a slya gene deletion mutant (denoted deltaslya) was constructed. the mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to sodium hypochlorite, the cationic antimicrobial peptide polymyxin b, and oxidative stress. the mutant showed reduced production of pecta ... | 2009 | 19542281 |
| mutagenesis and functional characterization of the rna and protein components of the toxin abortive infection and toxin-antitoxin locus of erwinia. | bacteria are constantly challenged by bacteriophage (phage) infection and have developed multiple adaptive resistance mechanisms. these mechanisms include the abortive infection systems, which promote "altruistic suicide" of an infected cell, protecting the clonal population. a cryptic plasmid of erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, peca1039, has been shown to encode an abortive infection system. this highly effective system is active across multiple genera of gram-negative bacteria and agains ... | 2009 | 19633081 |
| phylogenetic evidence for extensive horizontal gene transfer of type iii secretion system genes among enterobacterial plant pathogens. | this study uses sequences from four genes, which are involved in the formation of the type iii secretion apparatus, to determine the role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of virulence genes for the enterobacterial plant pathogens. sequences of erwinia, brenneria, pectobacterium, dickeya and pantoea were compared (a) with one another, (b) with sequences of enterobacterial animal pathogens, and (c) with sequences of plant pathogenic gamma and beta proteobacteria, to evaluate probable p ... | 2009 | 19643761 |
| exploitation of a new flagellatropic phage of erwinia for positive selection of bacterial mutants attenuated in plant virulence: towards phage therapy. | to isolate and characterize novel bacteriophages for the phytopathogen, erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica (eca), and to isolate phage-resistant mutants attenuated in virulence. | 2010 | 19674185 |
| microarray comparative genomic hybridisation analysis incorporating genomic organisation, and application to enterobacterial plant pathogens. | microarray comparative genomic hybridisation (acgh) provides an estimate of the relative abundance of genomic dna (gdna) taken from comparator and reference organisms by hybridisation to a microarray containing probes that represent sequences from the reference organism. the experimental method is used in a number of biological applications, including the detection of human chromosomal aberrations, and in comparative genomic analysis of bacterial strains, but optimisation of the analysis is desi ... | 2009 | 19696881 |
| extracellular secretion of carocin s1 in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum occurs via the type iii secretion system integral to the bacterial flagellum. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a phytopathogenic enterobacterium responsible for soft rot, a disease characterized by extensive maceration of the affected plant tissue. this species also produces two or more antibacterial substances called bacteriocins, which enhance its competitiveness against related rival species. however, the secretion mechanism for low-molecular-weight bacteriocin is still unknown. | 2009 | 19712460 |
| [identification and characterization of non-cultivated forms of enterobacteria erwinia carotovora in continuously incubated cultures]. | to determine overall number as well as number of viable cells in continuously incubated cultures of e. carotovora by methods of confocal microscopy and quantitative pcr-analysis. | 2009 | 19715209 |
| combining flow cytometry and gfp reporter gene for quantitative evaluation of pectpbacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum in ornithogalum dubium plantlets. | ornithogalum dubium is a natural host of the soft rot pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (pcc). the present study was aimed to develop a quantification system for pcc expressing a gfp reporter gene, using fluorescent activated cell sorter (facs) in planta. | 2010 | 19732215 |
| catabolism of raffinose, sucrose, and melibiose in erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | erwinia chrysanthemi (dickeya dadantii) is a plant pathogenic bacterium that has a large capacity to degrade the plant cell wall polysaccharides. the present study reports the metabolic pathways used by e. chrysanthemi to assimilate the oligosaccharides sucrose and raffinose, which are particularly abundant plant sugars. e. chrysanthemi is able to use sucrose, raffinose, or melibiose as a sole carbon source for growth. the two gene clusters scrkyabr and rafrba are necessary for their catabolism. ... | 2009 | 19734309 |
| novel n-acylhomoserine lactone-degrading bacteria isolated from the leaf surface of solanum tuberosum and their quorum-quenching properties. | we isolated and identified ahl-degrading bacteria from the leaf surface of solanum tuberosum. the 16 isolates inactivated both short- and long-chain ahls. two of these isolates, identified as microbacterium testaceum, showed putative ahl-lactonase activity. these two strains interrupted quorum-sensing dependent bacterial infection by plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. m. testaceum strains, which were isolated in this study, might be useful in the biocontrol of plant di ... | 2009 | 19734660 |
| identification of novel bioactive hexapeptides against phytopathogenic bacteria through rapid screening of a synthetic combinatorial library. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics for future generations. we identified four novel hexapeptides with antimicrobial activity: kcm11 (twwrww-nh(2)), kcm12 (kwrwiw-nh(2)), kcm21 (kwwwrw-nh(2)), and krs22 (wrwfih-nh(2)), through positional scanning of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library (ps-scl). the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria and unicellular fungi was evaluated. kcm11 and krs22 p ... | 2009 | 19734717 |
| defense mechanisms of solanum tuberosum l. in response to attack by plant-pathogenic bacteria. | the natural resistance of plants to disease is based not only on preformed mechanisms, but also on induced mechanisms. the defense mechanisms present in resistant plants may also be found in susceptible ones. this study attempted to analyze the metabolic alterations in plants of the potato solanum tuberosum l. cv. agata that were inoculated with the incompatible plant-pathogenic bacteria x. axonopodis and r. solanacearum, and the compatible bacterium e. carotovora. levels of total phenolic compo ... | 2009 | 19746266 |
| [use of the gene of antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1 for producing marker-free transgenic plants]. | the marker-free transgenic tobacco plants carrying a synthetic gene encoding the antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1 (cecp1) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter were produced. the binary vector pbm, free of any selective genes of resistance to antibiotics or herbicides intended for selecting transgenic plants, was used for transformation. the transformants were screened on a nonselective medium by detecting cecropin p1 in plant cells according to the antibacterial ac ... | 2009 | 19769295 |
| invasive and indigenous microbiota impact intestinal stem cell activity through multiple pathways in drosophila. | gut homeostasis is controlled by both immune and developmental mechanisms, and its disruption can lead to inflammatory disorders or cancerous lesions of the intestine. while the impact of bacteria on the mucosal immune system is beginning to be precisely understood, little is known about the effects of bacteria on gut epithelium renewal. here, we addressed how both infectious and indigenous bacteria modulate stem cell activity in drosophila. we show that the increased epithelium renewal observed ... | 2009 | 19797770 |
| thermal stabilization of erwinia chrysanthemi pectin methylesterase a for application in a sugar beet pulp biorefinery. | directed evolution approaches were used to construct a thermally stabilized variant of erwinia chrysanthemi pectin methylesterase a. the final evolved enzyme has four amino acid substitutions that together confer a t(m) value that is approximately 11 degrees c greater than that of the wild-type enzyme, while maintaining near-wild-type kinetic properties. the specific activity, with saturating substrate, of the thermally stabilized enzyme is greater than that of the wild-type enzyme when both are ... | 2009 | 19820151 |
| rapid identification of bacterial isolates from aqueous kava (piper methysticum) extracts by polymerase chain reaction and dna sequencing. | fresh kava beverages have a limited shelf life under refrigerated conditions. the objective of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria in aqueous extracts of kava rhizome. | 2009 | 19843208 |
| unique features of erwinia chrysanthemi (dickeya dadantii) ra3b genes involved in the blue indigoidine production. | erwinia chrysanthemi (ech) ra3b produces a large amount of blue indigoidine. using tn5-induced mutagenesis, three indigoidine-deficient mutants were generated. followed by library screening, a 5.8kb fragment complemented mutants for indigoidine synthesis was cloned. this fragment contains four complete open-reading frames (orfs), pecs, pecm, idga, and idgb, and two partial orfs, argg, and idgc. these genes are nearly identical to those in strain ech3937. primer extension assays demonstrated a cl ... | 2010 | 19879116 |
| novel low-temperature-active phytase from erwinia carotovora var.carotovota accc 10276. | a phytase with high activity at low temperatures has great potential for feed applications, especially in aquaculture. therefore, this study used a degenerate pcr and tail pcr to clone a phytase gene from erwinia carotovora var. carotovota, the cause of soft rot of vegetables in the ground or during cold storage. the full-length 2.5-kb fragment included an open reading frame of 1,302 bp and encoded a putative phytase of 45.3 kda with a 50% amino acid identity to the klebsiella pneumoniae phytase ... | 2009 | 19884763 |
| transgenic amorphophallus konjac expressing synthesized acyl-homoserine lactonase (aiia) gene exhibit enhanced resistance to soft rot disease. | amorphophallus konjac is an important economic crop widely used in health products and biomaterials. however, this monocotyledonous plant's production is seriously restricted by soft rot disease. some bacillus thuringiensis strains generate an endocellular acyl homoserine lactonase (aiia), which has inhibitory effect on soft rot pathogen through disrupting the signal molecules (n-acylhomoserine lactones, ahl) of their quorum sensing system. the aim of our study is to obtain transgenic a. konjac ... | 2009 | 19898849 |
| the effects of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate on the tobacco proteome. | extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (eatp) is emerging as an important plant signalling compound capable of mobilising intracellular second messengers such as ca(2+), nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species. however, the downstream molecular targets and the spectrum of physiological processes that eatp regulates are largely unknown. we used exogenous atp and a non-hydrolysable analogue as probes to identify the molecular and physiological effects of eatp-mediated signalling in tobacco. 2-d ... | 2010 | 19899079 |
| identification and characterization of the metal ion-dependent l-alanoyl-d-glutamate peptidase encoded by bacteriophage t5. | although bacteriophage t5 is known to have lytic proteins for cell wall hydrolysis and phage progeny escape, their activities are still unknown. this is the first report on the cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of a bacteriophage t5 lytic hydrolase. the endolysin-encoding lys gene of virulent coliphage t5 was cloned in escherichia coli cells, and an electrophoretically homogeneous product of this gene was obtained with a high yield (78% of total activity). the protein purified ... | 2009 | 19919545 |
| [the characteristic of the colispecific bacteriocins of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora ec153]. | it has been shown for the first time that macromolecular carotovoricins from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora ec153 strain are active to escherichia coli and posses endonuclease activity. it has been established that 19.1% of strains isolated from the patients are sensitive to these bacteriocins. the type and the form of these particles have been also determined and they show resemblance with phage objects. | 2009 | 19938602 |
| [phytopathogenic bacteria of couch-grass in the crops of wheat]. | bacterialdiseases of weeds in the crops of wheat on the fields of kyiv and vinnytsya regions of ukraine elytrigia repens (l.) nevski agropyrum repens l. were revealed. the following symptoms of bacterial affections: the leaves wither, oval or hatched necrotic spots on green leaves, necroses on the stalks, empty-ears, partial blackening of the ear axes, awns, caryopsises, scales, water-soaked or dark brown with violet shade spots on the rhizomes were found. during the vegetation period bacteria w ... | 2009 | 19938603 |
| emended description of the genus pantoea, description of four species from human clinical samples, pantoea septica sp. nov., pantoea eucrina sp. nov., pantoea brenneri sp. nov. and pantoea conspicua sp. nov., and transfer of pectobacterium cypripedii (hori 1911) brenner et al. 1973 emend. hauben et al. 1998 to the genus as pantoea cypripedii comb. nov. | bacterial strains belonging to dna hybridization groups (hg) ii, iv and v, in the erwinia herbicola-enterobacter agglomerans complex, of brenner et al. [int j syst bacteriol 34 (1984), 45-55] were suggested previously to belong to the genus pantoea, but have never been formally described and classified. additionally, it has been shown in several studies that pectobacterium cypripedii is more closely related to species of pantoea than to those of pectobacterium. in this study, the phylogenetic po ... | 2010 | 19946052 |
| inhibition by chestnut honey of n-acyl-l-homoserine lactones and biofilm formation in erwinia carotovora, yersinia enterocolitica, and aeromonas hydrophila. | bacteria are able to communicate and coordinate certain processes using small secreted signaling molecules called autoinducers. this phenomenon, known as "quorum sensing" (qs), may be essential for the synchronization of virulence factors as well as biofilm development. the interruption of bacterial qs is acknowledged to attenuate virulence and considered to be a potential new therapy to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. n-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (ahls) have been identified as t ... | 2009 | 19950997 |
| miniprimer pcr assay targeting multiple genes: a new rapid and reliable tool for genotyping pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. | development of a 'miniprimer' pcr assay for genotyping pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, the causal agent of the stewart's bacterial wilt on maize. | 2010 | 20002575 |
| diversity and evolution of the phenazine biosynthesis pathway. | phenazines are versatile secondary metabolites of bacterial origin that function in biological control of plant pathogens and contribute to the ecological fitness and pathogenicity of the producing strains. in this study, we employed a collection of 94 strains having various geographic, environmental, and clinical origins to study the distribution and evolution of phenazine genes in members of the genera pseudomonas, burkholderia, pectobacterium, brevibacterium, and streptomyces. our results con ... | 2010 | 20008172 |
| long-range activation of systemic immunity through peptidoglycan diffusion in drosophila. | the systemic immune response of drosophila is known to be induced both by septic injury and by oral infection with certain bacteria, and is characterized by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (amps) into the haemolymph. to investigate other possible routes of bacterial infection, we deposited erwinia carotovora (ecc15) on various sites of the cuticle and monitored the immune response via expression of the amp gene diptericin. a strong response was observed to deposition on the genital plate ... | 2009 | 20019799 |
| systemic colonization of potato plants by a soilborne, green fluorescent protein-tagged strain of dickeya sp. biovar 3. | abstract colonization of potato plants by soilborne, green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged dickeya sp. ipo2254 was investigated by selective plating, epifluorescence stereo microscopy (esm), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm). replicated experiments were carried out in a greenhouse using plants with an intact root system and plants from which ca. 30% of the lateral roots was removed. one day after soil inoculation, adherence of the pathogen on the roots and the internal colonization ... | 2010 | 20055647 |
| mutations in rpsl that confer streptomycin resistance show pleiotropic effects on virulence and the production of a carbapenem antibiotic in erwinia carotovora. | spontaneous streptomycin-resistant derivatives of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain attn10 were isolated. sequencing of the rpsl locus (encoding the ribosomal protein s12) showed that each mutant was missense, with a single base change, resulting in the substitution of the wild-type lysine by arginine, threonine or asparagine at codon 43. phenotypic analyses showed that the rpsl mutants could be segregated into two groups: k43r mutants showed reduced production of the beta-lactam secon ... | 2010 | 20056700 |
| arabidopsis thaliana cells: a model to evaluate the virulence of pectobacterium carotovorum. | pectobacterium carotovorum are economically important plant pathogens that cause plant soft rot. these enterobacteria display high diversity world-wide. their pathogenesis depends on production and secretion of virulence factors such as plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, type iii effectors, a necrosis-inducing protein, and a secreted virulence factor from xanthomonas spp., which are tightly regulated by quorum sensing. pectobacterium carotovorum also present pathogen-associated molecular pattern ... | 2010 | 20064057 |
| rab35 mediates transport of cdc42 and rac1 to the plasma membrane during phagocytosis. | phagocytosis of invading microbes requires dynamic rearrangement of the plasma membrane and its associated cytoskeletal actin network. the polarization of cdc42 and rac1 rho gtpases to the site of plasma membrane protrusion is responsible for the remodeling of actin structures. however, the mechanism of rho gtpase recruitment to these sites and the identities of accessory molecules involved in this process are not well understood. in this study, we uncovered several new components involved in in ... | 2010 | 20065041 |
| [the influence of colonizing methylobacteria on morphogenesis and resistance of sugar beet and white cabbage plants to erwinia carotovora]. | the influence of colonization of sugar beet (beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (alef) krass) and white cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata l.) plants by methylotrophic bacteria methylovorus mays on the growth, rooting, and plant resistance to phytopathogen bacteria erwinia carotovora was investigated. the colonization by methylobacteria led to their steady association with the plants which had increased growth speed, root formation and photosynthetic activity. the colonized plants had increas ... | 2009 | 20067151 |
| therapeutic drug monitoring of asparaginase in the all-bfm 2000 protocol between 2000 and 2007. | on a voluntary basis therapeutic drug monitoring (tdm) was implemented in the all-bfm 2000 protocol for the three currently used asparaginase (asnase) preparations (first line: native escherichia coli asnase; second line: pegylated asnase and third line: erwinia chrysanthemi asnase). | 2010 | 20108339 |
| a role for the rcs phosphorelay in regulating expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. | the rcs phosphorelay is a signal transduction system that influences the virulence phenotype of several pathogenic bacteria. in the plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) the response regulator of the rcs phosphorelay, rcsb, represses expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (pcwde) and motility. the focus of this study was to identify genes directly regulated by the binding of rcsb that also regulate expression of pcwde genes in pcc. rcsb-binding sites within ... | 2010 | 20110299 |
| salmonella sdia recognizes n-acyl homoserine lactone signals from pectobacterium carotovorum in vitro, but not in a bacterial soft rot. | genomes of salmonella enterica isolates, including those linked to outbreaks of produce-associated gastroenteritis, contain sdia, which encodes a receptor of n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahl). ahl are the quorum-sensing signals used by bacteria to coordinately regulate gene expression within -their populations. because s. enterica does not produce its own ahl, sdia is hypothesized to function in the interspecies cross-talk with ahl-producing bacteria. under laboratory conditions, s. enterica resp ... | 2010 | 20121449 |
| phage-selected lipopolysaccharide mutants of pectobacterium atrosepticum exhibit different impacts on virulence. | to positively select pectobacterium atrosepticum (pa) mutants with cell surface defects and to assess the impact of these mutations on phytopathogenesis. | 2010 | 20132374 |
| ion conduction in ligand-gated ion channels: brownian dynamics studies of four recent crystal structures. | four x-ray crystal structures of prokaryotic homologs of ligand-gated ion channels have recently been determined: elic from erwinia chrysanthemi, two structures of a proton-activated channel from gloebacter violaceus (glic1 and glic2) and that of the e221a mutant (glic1m). the availability of numerous structures of channels in this family allows for aspects of channel gating and ion conduction to be examined. here, we determine the likely conduction states of the four structures as well as iv cu ... | 2010 | 20141753 |
| two mobile pectobacterium atrosepticum prophages modulate virulence. | the pectobacterium atrosepticum strain scri1043 genome contains two complete prophage sequences. one, eca41, is mu-like and is able to integrate into, and excise from, various genomic locations. the other, eca29, is a p2 family prophage, and is also able to excise from the genome. excision of both prophages is rare and we were unable to induce lysis of cultures. deletion of the entire prophages, both separately and in combination, did not affect the growth rate or the secretion of plant cell wal ... | 2010 | 20146746 |
| aiim, a novel class of n-acylhomoserine lactonase from the leaf-associated bacterium microbacterium testaceum. | n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) are used as quorum-sensing signal molecules by many gram-negative bacteria. we have reported that microbacterium testaceum stlb037, which was isolated from the leaf surface of potato, has ahl-degrading activity. in this study, we cloned the aiim gene from the genomic library of stlb037, which has ahl-degrading activity and shows high homology with the alpha/beta hydrolase fold family from actinobacteria. purified aiim as a maltose binding fusion protein showed hi ... | 2010 | 20173075 |
| identification of a dehydrogenase required for lactose metabolism in caulobacter crescentus. | caulobacter crescentus, which thrives in freshwater environments with low nutrient levels, serves as a model system for studying bacterial cell cycle regulation and organelle development. we examined its ability to utilize lactose (i) to gain insight into the metabolic capacities of oligotrophic bacteria and (ii) to obtain an additional genetic tool for studying this model organism, aiming to eliminate the basal enzymatic activity that hydrolyzes the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indo ... | 2010 | 20190087 |
| quorum sensing-controlled evr regulates a conserved cryptic pigment biosynthetic cluster and a novel phenomycin-like locus in the plant pathogen, pectobacterium carotovorum. | pectobacterium carotovorum scri193 is a phytopathogenic gram-negative bacterium. in this study, we have identified a novel cryptic pigment biosynthetic locus in p. carotovorum scri193 which we have called the pectobacterium orange pigment (pop) cluster. the pop cluster is flanked by two trna genes and contains genes that encode non-ribosomal peptide synthases and polyketide synthase and produces a negatively charged polar orange pigment. orange pigment production is activated when an adjacent tr ... | 2010 | 20192973 |
| proteome analysis of fungal and bacterial involvement in leaf litter decomposition. | fungi and bacteria are key players in the decomposition of leaf litter, but their individual contributions to the process and their interactions are still poorly known. we combined semi-quantitative proteome analyses (1-d page-lc-ms/ms) with qualitative and quantitative analyses of extracellular degradative enzyme activities to unravel the respective roles of a fungus and a bacterium during litter decomposition. two model organisms, a mesophilic gram-negative bacterium (pectobacterium carotovoru ... | 2010 | 20198641 |
| specific maceration and induction of pr-3 gene in potato tuber tissue by pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum type iii secretion system mutants. | the exact function of type iii secretion system in some phytopathogenes including pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum (pca) is not understood and is a matter of debate. the aim of this study were to determine specific effect of type iii secretion system on potato tubers and to reveal the connection of this system with potato resistant genes such as pr-3. a pca hrpw fragment was subcloned into a low-copy-number cloning vector (pzh448). the resulting plasmid (pas19) was then conjugated ... | 2009 | 20334119 |
| intercellular communication system of the enterobacterium erwinia carotovora adapting to unfavorable growth conditions. | | 2010 | 20380184 |
| aepa of pectobacterium is not involved in the regulation of extracellular plant cell wall degrading enzymes production. | plant cell wall degrading enzymes (pcwde) are the major virulence determinants in phytopathogenic pectobacterium, and their production is controlled by many regulatory factors. in this study, we focus on the role of the aepa protein, which was previously described to be a global regulator of pcwde production in pectobacterium carotovorum (murata et al. in mol plant microbe interact 4:239-246, 1991). our results show that neither inactivation nor overexpression of aepa affects pcwde production in ... | 2010 | 20386924 |
| lead and other elemental content of normal and erwinia carotovora infected amorphallus konjac corms. | amorphallus konjac corms are important agriculture products in yichang, hubei province, china. the erwinia carotovora infected amorphallus konjac corms are processed to food as normal corms. the contents of elements and l: -proline in the normal and infected amorphallus konjac corms are analyzed for food safety. even growing in the almost same soil condition, the contents of pb, cd, mn and l: -proline in infected corms are significantly higher than those of normal corms (show data as suggestion ... | 2010 | 20407746 |
| a 20-residue peptide of the inner membrane protein outc mediates interaction with two distinct sites of the outer membrane secretin outd and is essential for the functional type ii secretion system in erwinia chrysanthemi. | the type ii secretion system (t2ss) is widely exploited by proteobacteria to secrete enzymes and toxins involved in bacterial survival and pathogenesis. the outer membrane pore formed by the secretin outd and the inner membrane protein outc are two key components of the secretion complex, involved in secretion specificity. here, we show that the periplasmic regions of outc and outd interact directly and map the interaction site of outc to a 20-residue peptide named outcsip (secretin interacting ... | 2010 | 20444086 |
| [the association of pigment-containing lipid and low-molecular bacteriocin of erwinia carotovora]. | in contrast to lysates of uninduced cells those of e. carotovora j2/s2 induced by nalidixic acid contain the component which has the additional maximum of uv-absorption at 331 nm. bacteriocin samples, concentrated by ammonium sulfate and purified on deae-sepharose column in saccharose gradient do not lose this substance. this component is supposed to represent the precursor of carotenoid synthesis of e. carotovora. the chloroform treatment of the bacteriocin preparation did not affect its killer ... | 2009 | 20458938 |
| [destabilization of defective lysogeny as the index of population dissociation of erwinia carotovora]. | the method of quantitative determination of bacteriocinogenicity in erwinia carotovora dissociants has been suggested. it is based on the application of indicator bacterial mutants that are resistant to nalidixic acid. it has been revealed that population dissociation destabilizes a defective lysogeny of pectolytic erwinia. in particular, a decrease of cell indicator survivability due to an increase of active bacteriocins yield has been found under lysogenic induction of defective prophages. the ... | 2009 | 20458941 |
| disturbance of the ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent signalling pathway is responsible for the resistance of arabidopsis dnd1 against pectobacterium carotovorum infection. | summary arabidopsis thaliana wild-type col-0 and its mutant, 'defence, no death' (dnd) 1-1, were infected with biotrophic pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000 and necrotrophic pectobacterium carotovorum strain kacc 10228, and cellular and molecular responses among them were then analysed. col-0 wild-type was susceptible to both pathogens. by contrast, neither dc3000 nor kacc 10228 infected dnd1-1 (yu et al., 1998. proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 95: 7819-7824). neither of the pathogens trigg ... | 2007 | 20507535 |
| a novel method for constructing pathogen-regulated small rna cdna library. | pathogen-responsive endogenous small non-coding rnas regulate gene expression in relation to plant immune responses by serving as rna silencing machinery. decay caused by the bacterium, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc), often leads to soft rot disease in the plant brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis (bcp). to discover endogenous small rna species in bcp in response to ecc infection, we developed a highly efficient approach for cloning pathogen-regulated small rnas. a group of degene ... | 2010 | 20515661 |
| clpxp protease regulates the type iii secretion system of dickeya dadantii 3937 and is essential for the bacterial virulence. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is considered one of the major virulence factors in many bacterial pathogens. this report demonstrates that rssb, clpxp, and rpos play a role in t3ss regulation of dickeya dadantii 3937. clpp is a serine-type protease which associates with the clpx chaperone to form a functional clp proteolytic complex for degradation of proteins. with the assistance of recognition factor rssb, clpxp degrades the rpos sigma factor. rpos positively regulates the expression of ... | 2010 | 20521950 |
| aidh, an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold family member from an ochrobactrum sp. strain, is a novel n-acylhomoserine lactonase. | n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) are signaling molecules in many quorum-sensing (qs) systems that regulate interactions between various pathogenic bacteria and their hosts. quorum quenching by the enzymatic inactivation of ahls holds great promise in preventing and treating infections, and several such enzymes have been reported. in this study, we report the characterization of a novel ahl-degrading protein from the soil bacterium ochrobactrum sp. strain t63. this protein, termed aidh, shares no ... | 2010 | 20525860 |
| comparison of specificity and sensitivity of immunochemical and molecular techniques for determination of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm), causing bacterial canker of tomato, was verified using pta-elisa and ifas with pabs of neogen europe ltd. (uk), and with published and also laboratory-generated pcr primers from the cmm tomatinase gene. the specificity of this technique was determined with 15 plant-pathogenic and 4 common, saprophytic bacteria. with ifas, crossreactions were found for pantoea dispersa, p. agglomerans and rahnella aquatilis, and with pta-elisa for ... | 2010 | 20526836 |
| cell-to-cell communication in the populations of enterobacterium erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica scri1043 during adaptation to stress conditions. | erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica scri1043 is a plant pathogenic bacterium. many species of enterobacteria including erwinia sp. can induce the onset or the progression of opportunistic or persistent infections in humans. the existence of these bacteria within different ecological niches is related to their significant adaptive potential. the triggering of adaptive reactions, which are needed for bacterial persistence, is controlled in many cases by intercellular communication; hence, the abil ... | 2010 | 20528924 |
| the effect of resource quantity and resource stoichiometry on microbial carbon-use-efficiency. | the carbon-use-efficiency (cue) of microorganisms is an important parameter in determining ecosystem-level carbon (c) cycling; however, little is known about how variance in resources affects microbial cue. to elucidate how resource quantity and resource stoichiometry affect microbial cue, we cultured four microorganisms - two fungi (aspergillus nidulans and trichoderma harzianum) and two bacteria (pectobacterium carotovorum and verrucomicrobium spinosum) - under 12 unique c, nitrogen (n) and ph ... | 2010 | 20550579 |
| expression and characterization of antimicrobial peptides retrocyclin-101 and protegrin-1 in chloroplasts to control viral and bacterial infections. | retrocyclin-101 (rc101) and protegrin-1 (pg1) are two important antimicrobial peptides that can be used as therapeutic agents against bacterial and/or viral infections, especially those caused by the hiv-1 or sexually transmitted bacteria. because of their antimicrobial activity and complex secondary structures, they have not yet been produced in microbial systems and their chemical synthesis is prohibitively expensive. therefore, we created chloroplast transformation vectors with the rc101 or p ... | 2011 | 20553419 |
| soft rot erwiniae: from genes to genomes. | summary the soft rot erwiniae, erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica (eca), e. carotovora ssp. carotovora (ecc) and e. chrysanthemi (ech) are major bacterial pathogens of potato and other crops world-wide. we currently understand much about how these bacteria attack plants and protect themselves against plant defences. however, the processes underlying the establishment of infection, differences in host range and their ability to survive when not causing disease, largely remain a mystery. this rev ... | 2003 | 20569359 |
| microbial conversion and anticandidal effects of bioconverted product of cabbage (brassica oleracea) by pectobacterium carotovorum pv. carotovorum 21. | this study was undertaken to examine the anticandidal effects of microbially bioconverted product of cabbage, obtained from the microbial conversion of cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata) by a bacterial strain pectobacterium carotovorum pv. carotovorum 21 (pcc 21) against various isolates of candida species including a clinical isolate. the bioconverted product (10 microl, corresponding to 500 microg/disc) displayed potential anticandidal effect against candida albicans kacc 30062, candida ... | 2010 | 20600519 |
| gluconate metabolism is required for virulence of the soft-rot pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum. | pectobacterium carotovorum is a ubiquitous soft rot pathogen that uses global virulence regulators to coordinate pathogenesis in response to undefined environmental conditions. we characterize an operon in p. carotovorum required for gluconate metabolism and virulence. the operon contains four genes that are highly conserved among proteobacteria (initially annotated ygbjklm), one of which was misassigned as a type iii secreted effector, (ygbk, originally known as hopan1). a mutant with a deletio ... | 2010 | 20636105 |
| biochemical and thermal stabilization parameters of polygalacturonase from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora br1. | with emphasis on thermal behavior in presence of different ph conditions and salts, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of purified polygalacturonase (pg) of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) br1 were studied since characterization of an enzyme is significant in the context of burgeoning biotechnological applications. thermodynamic parameters for polygalacturonic acid hydrolysis by purified pg were, deltah* = 7.98 kj/mol, deltag* = 68.86 kj/mol, deltas*= -194.48 j/mol/k, deltag(e-s) = - ... | 2010 | 20668400 |
| assessment of physical process conditions for enhanced production of novel glutaminase-free l-asparaginase from pectobacterium carotovorum mtcc 1428. | statistically based experimental design was applied to maximize the production of glutaminase-free l-asparaginase from pectobacterium carotovorum mtcc 1428. the effect of physical process parameters (initial ph of the medium, temperature, rpm of the shaking incubator, and inoculum size) on the production of l-asparaginase from p. carotovorum mtcc 1428 was studied using central composite design technique. the individual optimum levels of initial ph of the medium, temperature, rpm of shaking incub ... | 2011 | 20669055 |
| [therapeutic alternatives to native l-asparaginase in the treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. | l-asparaginase is an effective antineoplastic agent, which is an integral part of combination chemotherapy protocols for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. its antitumor effect results from the depletion of asparagine, an amino acid essential to leukemia cells, and subsequent inhibition of protein synthesis leading to cytotoxicity. however, its use has been limited by a high rate of hypersensitivity reactions and development of neutrolizing anti-asparaginase antibodies, and by the need of frequ ... | 2010 | 20693115 |