Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| simple method of differentiating erwinia carotovora variety 'atroseptica' from e. carotovora and e. carotovora variety 'aroideae'. | 1966 | 21105516 | |
| [the resistance against drying of pectobacterium carotovorum var. atrosepticum (van hall) dowson (causative agent of tuber rot and blackening of potatoes)]. | 1970 | 4926639 | |
| [salmonella-shigella-agar, a simple medium for isolation of pectobacterium carotovorum var. atrosepticum (van hall) dowson in comparison with other special substrates]. | 1972 | 4562782 | |
| [the influence of choramphenicol and streptomycinsulphate on the growth of pectobacterium carotovorum var. atrosepticum (van hall) dowson (author's transl)]. | the influence of the antibiotics chloraphenicol (d-threo-form) and streptomycin sulphate against pectobacterium carotovorum var. atrosepticum (syn. erwinia carotovora) was investigated in vitro and on potato tubers. chloramphenicol showed a greater effect as streptomycinsulphate in the applied concentrations. the success of the control of soft rot is determined by the period between the inoculation and the treatment of the tubers. 6 several strains of p. carotovorum var. atrosepticum showed a di ... | 1976 | 1037182 |
| bacterial stalk rot of maize, its symptoms and host-range. | stalk rot of maize, caused by erwinia carotovora f. sp. zeae sabet (re-designated as pectobacterium chrysanthemi pathovar. zeae by kelman 1974) showed first premature withering and drying up of the uppermost leaves which was soon followed by the lower leaves. the rot either extended from the base upwards (basal rot) or from the top downwards (top rot). in the case of basal rot, the leaves become yellow and the infected tissue becomes brown, soft, and water soaked. internally, the stalk turns int ... | 1977 | 857508 |
| fermentation of polysaccharides by klebsielleae and other facultative bacilli. | fermentations of 10 polysaccharides by species of the family enterobacteriaceae were examined. algin, guar, karaya, xanthan, and xylan were not fermented by any of the strains tested. most of the activity was found in the tribe klebsielleae. klebsiella oxytoca fermented amylopectin (97% of the strains studied), carrageenan (100%), inulin (68%), polypectate (100%), and tragacanth (100%). klebsiella pneumoniae fermented amylopectin (91%), carrageenan (100%), and tragacanth (86%). carrageenan was a ... | 1980 | 7396489 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of opportunistic bacteria isolated from patients]. | sensitivity of 147 enterobacteria strains isolated from feces of various patients was determined with the method of serial dilutions on solid nutrient media. 8 antibiotics were tested. by genera (species) the microorganisms were arranged in the following order: e. coli (65 strains), citrobacter (33 strains), e. cloacae (15 strains), serratia liquefaciens (9 strains), hafnia (6 strains), klebsiella (4 strains), pectobacterium (3 strains), non-identified organisms (13 strains). the majority of the ... | 1982 | 7137975 |
| resolution of four pectate lyase structural genes of erwinia chrysanthemi (ec16) and characterization of the enzymes produced in escherichia coli. | 1987 | 11394411 | |
| genetic analysis of the pela-pele cluster encoding the acidic and basic pectate lyases in erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | in erwinia chrysanthemi (ec16) the clustered pela and pele genes encode an acidic (pi 4.2) and a basic (pi 10.0) pectate lyase (pel), respectively. the pela gene has been isolated on a 1.2 kb restriction fragment and the direction of transcription determined. dna hybridization analysis showed that the pele sequence shares dna homology with pela but not with pelb or pelc, two genes encoding other pel species in ec16. since pel a and pel e enzymes showed little similarity in terms of catalytic pro ... | 1987 | 17193715 |
| cloning and characterization of a pectate lyase gene from erwinia carotovora ec153. | a pel gene cloned from strain ec153 of erwinia carotovora encoded a pectate lyase that macerated plant tissue with moderate efficiency. this gene, called pel153, was sequenced and found to possess considerable homology with a pectate lyase gene from yersinia pseudotuberculosis. the yersinia protein, however, was truncated at the carboxyl terminal end relative to the erwinia gene product and had a lower isoelectric point. the erwinia pel153 gene was overexpressed in cells of escherichia coli, and ... | 1989 | 2520159 |
| the virulence-associated chrysobactin iron uptake system of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 involves an operon encoding transport and biosynthetic functions. | the iron assimilation system of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 is mediated by the catechol-type siderophore chrysobactin and the outer membrane transport protein fct. we generated a variety of subclones in high- and low-copy-number vectors from a wild-type recombinant cosmid shown previously to carry the gene cluster fct-cbsa, cbsb, cbsc, cbse encoding chrysobactin transport and biosynthetic functions, respectively. we studied their expression in escherichia coli enterobactin-deficient enta, entb, en ... | 1991 | 1657869 |
| conjugational transfer of recombinant dna in cultures and in soils: host range of pseudomonas putida tol plasmids. | recombinant tol plasmid pwwo-eb62 allows pseudomonas putida to grow on p-ethylbenzoate. this plasmid can be transferred to other microorganisms, and its catabolic functions for the metabolism of alkylbenzoates are expressed in a limited number of gram-negative bacteria, including members of pseudomonad rrna group i and escherichia coli. transfer of the recombinant plasmid to erwinia chrysanthemi was observed, but transconjugants failed to grow on alkylbenzoates because they lost catabolic functi ... | 1991 | 1660698 |
| simultaneous expression of a bacteriophage mu transposase and repressor: a way of preventing killing due to mini-mu replication. | in vitro studies of bacteriophage mu transposition have shown that the phage-encoded transposase and repressor bind the same sequences on the phage genome. we attempted to test that prediction in vivo and found that mu repressor directly inhibits transposition. we also found that, in the absence of repressor, constitutive expression of mu transposition functions pa and pb is lethal in escherichia coli strains lysogenic for a mini-mu and that this is the result of intensive replication of the min ... | 1991 | 1662754 |
| analysis of an erwinia chrysanthemi gene cluster involved in pectin degradation. | a group of four genes of erwinia chrysanthemi involved in pectin degradation has been characterized. these four genes form independent transcription units and are regulated by the negative regulatory gene, kdgr. the functions of two of these genes are known: kdud codes for the 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate oxydoreductase and kdul for the 5-keto-4-deoxyuronate isomerase, two enzymes of the pectin degradation pathway. kdgc has 36% homology with pectate lyase genes of the periplasmic family but its produ ... | 1991 | 1766386 |
| genetic analysis of the erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 chrysobactin iron-transport system: characterization of a gene cluster involved in uptake and biosynthetic pathways. | twenty of the twenty-two mudii1734 insertions impairing the chrysobactin iron-assimilation system of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 were localized to a 50 kbp genomic insert contained in the r-prime plasmid, r'4 (enard et al., 1988). using the conjugative plasmid pulb110 (rp4::mini-mu) and the generalized transducing phage phi ec2, we located this iron-transport region and the two unlinked mutations on the chromosome linkage map. chrysobactin is a catechol-type siderophore and, as we have previously ... | 1991 | 1787788 |
| characterization of a polygalacturonase gene of aspergillus niger rh5344. | we have cloned a gene encoding a polygalacturonase (pg) in the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger rh5344. the structural gene comprises 1141 bp coding for 362 amino acids and the open reading frame is disrupted by one intron of 52 bp. eukaryotic consensus sequences for transcription regulation are found only in deviated forms. the biological functionality of the isolated pg gene was established by retransformation in a. niger and aspergillus awamori. in addition, we have found that the pg prot ... | 1991 | 1787790 |
| [temperate sm phage from pseudomonas aeruginosa as a vector for cloning genetic information]. | the recombinant bacteriophages with the genomes containing the dna fragments of bacteria erwinia chrysanthemi, including the pectatelyase gene, were constructed on the base of pseudomonas aeruginosa temperate bacteriophage sm. the gene transferred into pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 cells by transfection is expressed in the new bacterial host. the restriction maps of the recombinant bacteriophages are constructed and the position of an insert is defined. bacteriophage sm was found to be capable of ... | 1991 | 1787841 |
| characterization, localization and transmembrane organization of the three proteins prtd, prte and prtf necessary for protease secretion by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi, a gram-negative phythopathogenic bacterium, secretes two related extracellular metalloproteases, b and c, which do not have n-terminal signal sequences. the specific pathway by which they are secreted, which has been reconstituted in escherichia coli, comprises three proteins -- prtd, prte and prtf. hybrid proteins containing segments of these proteins fused to the c-terminus of protease b were purified and used to immunize rabbits. the antisera thus obtained were used to s ... | 1991 | 1791757 |
| characterization of kdgr, a gene of erwinia chrysanthemi that regulates pectin degradation. | erwinia chrysanthemi is a phytopathogenic enterobacterium able to degrade the pectic fraction of plant cell walls. the kdgr negative regulatory gene controls all the genes involved in pectin catabolism, including the pel genes encoding pectate lyases. the e. chrysanthemi kdgr regulatory gene was subcloned in escherichia coli where it was shown to be functional, since it repressed the expression of a pele::uida fusion. the nucleotide sequence of kdgr contained an open reading frame of 918bp prece ... | 1991 | 1840643 |
| differential activation of potato 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase genes by wounding and pathogen challenge. | potato genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgr) were expressed in response to pathogen, elicitor, and wounding. hmgr catalyzes the rate-limiting step in isoprenoid biosynthesis leading to accumulation of phytoalexins and steroid glycoalkaloids. wounding caused increases in hmgr mrna levels. a rapid and transient peak occurred 30 minutes after wounding, followed by a slower peak at 14 hours; both were correlated with increased enzyme activity. induction of hmgr mrna b ... | 1991 | 1840919 |
| erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora extracellular protease: characterization and nucleotide sequence of the gene. | the prt1 gene encoding extracellular protease from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora ec14 in cosmid pca7 was subcloned to create plasmid psk1. the partial nucleotide sequence of the insert in psk1 (1,878 bp) revealed a 1,041-bp open reading frame (orf1) that correlated with protease activity in deletion mutants. orf1 encodes a polypeptide of 347 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 38,826 da. escherichia coli transformed with psk1 or psk23, a subclone of psk1, produces a protease ( ... | 1991 | 1917878 |
| sequence analysis of the cellulase-encoding cely gene of erwinia chrysanthemi: a possible case of interspecies gene transfer. | the erwinia chrysanthemi (strain 3937) cely gene encoding the minor endoglucanase (egy) was sequenced. the analysis of the upstream region allowed us to identify an in vivo active promoter recognized by the ntra (sigma 54) holoenzyme. no similarity was found between the predicted amino acid (aa) sequences of egy and either the er. chrysanthemi major endoglucanase, egz, or the er. carotovora cels endoglucanase. in contrast, a very high level of identity, both at the nucleotide and the predicted a ... | 1991 | 1937031 |
| purifications and properties of orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme and purine nucleoside phosphorylase from erwinia carotovora aj 2992. | an orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme and a purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnpase) of erwinia carotovora aj 2992, which is a potent producer of ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), an antiviral agent, from orotidine and 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (tca), were purified 23-fold and 103-fold, respectively. at each purification step, the orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme was always co-purified with an uridine phosphorylase (upase) and its activity could not be separated f ... | 1991 | 1368721 |
| rapid large-scale preparation of recombinant erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase. | l-asparaginase from erwinia provides an alternative to the enzyme from e. coli for the effective treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. a procedure was required for the large-scale partial purification of the recombinant erwinia enzyme cloned and expressed in erwinia. enzyme was extracted from erwinia at high ph and extraneous protein precipitated at low ph. s-sepharose ff was selected as the medium of choice for the chromatography step since it was adequate for the high flow rates required ... | 1992 | 1368993 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of the extracellular pectate lyase ii gene from erwinia carotovora er. | erwinia carotovora er produces three extra-cellular pectate lyases (pl i, ii, and iii). the gene for pectate lyase ii (pelii) of e. carotovora er was cloned and expressed both in escherichia coli and e. carotovora er. localization experiments in e. coli showed that pl ii was exclusively in the cytoplasmic space, while pl ii was excreted into the culture medium. the complete nucleotides of the pelii gene were sequenced and found to include one open reading frame of 1122 bp coding for a protein of ... | 1992 | 1369060 |
| iron(iii) complexes of chrysobactin, the siderophore of erwinia chrysanthemi. | the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi produces the monocatecholate siderophore chrysobactin under conditions of iron deprivation. only the catecholate hydroxyl groups participate in metal coordination, and chrysobactin is therefore unable to provide full 1:1 coordination of fe(iii). the stoichiometry in aqueous solution is a variable dependent on ph and metal/ligand ratio, in addition to being concentration dependent. at neutral ph and concentrations of about 0.1 mm, ferric chrysoba ... | 1992 | 1392469 |
| analysis of the regulation of the pelbc genes in erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | erwinia chrysanthemi secretes five major isoenzymes of pectate lyases encoded by the pelabcde genes. the nucleotide sequence of the region surrounding the pelb gene of e. chrysanthemi 3937 was determined, including the regulatory regions involved in pelb and pelc expression. analysis of the transcripts showed that transcription of pelb or pelc gave, in both cases, only one transcript. the transcription initiation sites of both pelb and pelc were precisely determined as well as the position of th ... | 1992 | 1406275 |
| [mu-induced deletions and mutations of erwinia carotovora chromosomes, including resident prophages e105 and 59]. | the plasmid rp4::mu cts62 in stably inherited by erwinia carotovora 268 strain. under the conditions of thermoinduction bacteriophage mu is segregated and completely eliminated more intensively than in escherichia coli cells. at thermoinduction the transposition of bacteriophage mu cts62 into different chromosomal sites takes place, causing the induction of chlorate resistant and auxotrophic mutants with the frequency of 10(-4). two clones deficient in production of 2 of the 4 resident prophages ... | 1992 | 1406759 |
| synthesis and secretion of an erwinia chrysanthemi pectate lyase in saccharomyces cerevisiae regulated by different combinations of bacterial and yeast promoter and signal sequences. | nine different expression-secretion cassettes, comprising novel combinations of yeast and bacterial gene promoters and secretion signal sequences, were constructed and evaluated. a pectate lyase-encoding gene (pele) from erwinia chrysanthemi was inserted between each one of these expression-secretion cassettes and a yeast gene terminator, generating recombinant yeast-integrating shuttle plasmids pams1 through pams9. these yip5-derived plasmids were transformed and stably integrated into the geno ... | 1992 | 1427097 |
| analysis of eight out genes in a cluster required for pectic enzyme secretion by erwinia chrysanthemi: sequence comparison with secretion genes from other gram-negative bacteria. | many extracellular proteins produced by erwinia chrysanthemi require the out gene products for transport across the outer membrane. in a previous report (s. y. he, m. lindeberg, a. k. chatterjee, and a. collmer, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 88:1079-1083, 1991) cosmid pcpp2006, sufficient for secretion of erwinia chrysanthemi extracellular proteins by escherichia coli, was partially sequenced, revealing four out genes sharing high homology with pulh through pulk from klebsiella oxytoca. the nucleot ... | 1992 | 1429461 |
| some of the out genes involved in the secretion of pectate lyases in erwinia chrysanthemi are regulated by kdgr. | the out genes of erwinia chrysanthemi are required for the translocation across the outer membrane of pectate lyases and cellulases. we present the characterization and the nucleotide sequence of five genes of the out cluster. the products of outs, b, c, d and e have significant homology with the puls, b, c, d and e proteins necessary to the secretion of pullulanase in klebsiella pneumoniae. an open reading frame, outt, located between outb and outc has no homology with the pul cluster but is in ... | 1992 | 1453958 |
| small molecule-mediated density-dependent control of gene expression in prokaryotes: bioluminescence and the biosynthesis of carbapenem antibiotics. | sophisticated signal transduction systems enable prokaryotes to sense their growth environment and mount an appropriate adaptive response. signal transduction and gene regulation through the phosphorylation of two regulatory components is now recognised as one of the major global regulatory networks in bacteria. however, not all types of sensor-regulator circuits relay information via phosphoryl transfer. the vibrio fischeri luxr protein which has previously been characterised as a member of the ... | 1992 | 1478452 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis and comparison of the lexa genes from salmonella typhimurium, erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas putida. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the lexa genes from salmonella typhimurium, erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas putida were determined; the dna sequences of the lexa genes from these bacteria were 86%, 76%, 61% and 59% similar, respectively, to the escherichia coli k12 gene. the predicted amino acid sequences of the s. typhimurium, e. carotovora and p. putida lexa proteins are 202 residues long whereas that of p. aeruginosa is 204. two putative lexa repressor binding ... | 1992 | 1494343 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequence and characterization of the gene encoding the erwinia chrysanthemi b374 prta metalloprotease: a third metalloprotease secreted via a c-terminal secretion signal. | erwinia chrysanthemi, a phytopathogenic enterobacterium, secretes three proteases (prta, prtb and prtc) into the extracellular medium. the gene encoding the 50 kda protease, prta, was subcloned from a recombinant cosmid carrying a fragment of the e. chrysanthemi b374 chromosome. prta was shown to be located immediately 3' to the structural genes for the other two extracellular proteases. the amino acid sequence of prta, as predicted from the prta nucleotide sequence, showed a high level of homol ... | 1992 | 1494344 |
| expression of peha-bla gene fusions in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and isolation of regulatory mutants affecting polygalacturonase production. | in vitro gene fusions were constructed between the polygalacturonase-encoding peha gene of the erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) strain scc3193 and the bla gene of pbr322. the gene fusions obtained (75-2, 75-5 and 75-6) encoded hybrid proteins with the entire signal peptide and 70, 260 or 327 amino acids (aa) of the mature 376 aa peha protein, respectively, fused to the mature part of the periplasmic beta-lactamase. all three hybrid proteins remained cell-bound in ecc. high-level expres ... | 1992 | 1495488 |
| negative transcriptional control of iron transport in erwinia chrysanthemi involves an iron-responsive two-factor system. | systemic virulence of the phytopathogen erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 requires a functional iron assimilation system which, in this enterobacterium, is mediated by the siderophore chrysobactin and the outer membrane transport protein fct. we investigated the regulation of this system by iron. no direct similarity with the escherichia coli fur gene was found. insertional mutagenesis allowed isolation of a regulatory mutant which expressed chrysobactin and two other high-affinity iron transport system ... | 1992 | 1508046 |
| cloning and characterization of a phospholipase gene from erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | a single gene (plca) was cloned from a cosmid library of erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 dna that encoded an extracellular phospholipase. the gene was subcloned and dna sequence data showed the presence of a single open reading frame encoding a protein with a predicted size of 39 kda. the coding region was g+c-rich and the protein had a predicted basic isoelectric point. the protein showed no significant homology with others in the pir library, including other phospholipases. when overexpressed in esc ... | 1992 | 1545703 |
| purification and functional characterization of the kdgr protein, a major repressor of pectinolysis genes of erwinia chrysanthemi. | the phytopathogenicity of the enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi chiefly results from its capacity to degrade pectin, which is the major component of plant cell walls. this degradation requires the product of 12 genes which constitute independent transcriptional units. all these genes, including kdgt which encodes the 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (kdg) transport system, are negatively regulated by the kdgr protein. the e. chrysanthemi kdgr gene was cloned into an expression vector and overexpressed ... | 1992 | 1545709 |
| differential depolymerization mechanisms of pectate lyases secreted by erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | the four pectate lyases (ec 4.2.2.2) secreted by erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 have been individually produced as recombinant enzymes in escherichia coli. oligogalacturonates formed from polygalacturonic acid during reactions catalyzed by each enzyme have been determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. pla catalyzes the formation of a series of oligomers ranging from dimer to dodecamer through a random endolytic depolarization mechanism. plb and plc are trimer- and tetramer-gener ... | 1992 | 1548242 |
| stereochemistry of the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by endoglucanase z from erwinia chrysanthemi. | endoglucanase z from the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi (strain 3937) was purified by affinity chromatography on microcrystalline cellulose avicel ph101. a kinetic characterization using p-nitrophenyl beta-d-cellobioside and p-nitrophenyl beta-d-lactosde as substrates was conducted: endoglucanase z exhibited km values of 3 mm and 7.5 mm and vm values of 129 and 40 nmol.min-1.mg-1 towards p-nitrophenyl beta-d-cellobioside (kcat = 0.1 s-1) and p-nitrophenyl beta-d-lactoside (kcat = ... | 1992 | 1563515 |
| high-affinity iron uptake systems present in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora include the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin. | the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora w3c105 produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin under iron-limiting conditions. a survey of 22 diverse strains of e. carotovora revealed that strain w3c105 alone produced aerobactin. the ferric-aerobactin receptor of strain w3c105 was an 80-kda protein, identified by immunoblots of sarkosyl-soluble proteins obtained from e. carotovora cells grown in iron-depleted medium and probed with antiserum raised against the 74-kda f ... | 1992 | 1569027 |
| purification of the acidic pectate lyase and nucleotide sequence of the corresponding gene (pela) of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937. | the pela gene from erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937, which encodes the acidic pectate lyase, pla, has been sequenced and characterized. the structural gene consists of a 1179 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 41,555 da, which includes an n-terminal signal peptide. the deduced amino acid sequence shows a protein very similar to some pls already sequenced. cloning of the pela gene behind the lacz promoter of the vector ptz19r allowed overexpression of pla into a derivative of strain ... | 1992 | 1593262 |
| the haemoglobin-like protein (hmp) of escherichia coli has ferrisiderophore reductase activity and its c-terminal domain shares homology with ferredoxin nadp+ reductases. | three soluble ferrisiderophore reductases (fsra, fsrb and fsrc) were detected in escherichia coli. fsrb was purified and identified as the haemoglobin-like protein (hmp) by size and n-terminal sequence analyses. hmp was previously isolated as a dihydropteridine reductase and is now shown to have ferrisiderophore reductase activity. database searches revealed that the c-terminal region of hmp (fsrb) is homologous to members of a family of flavoprotein oxidoreductases which includes ferredoxin nad ... | 1992 | 1601132 |
| allergic reactions to erwinia asparaginase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had previous allergic reactions to escherichia coli asparaginase. | escherichia coli asparaginase is an active antileukemia agent in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. allergic reactions occurred in 31 of 125 patients (24.8%) treated with weekly high-dose (25,000 iu/m2) intramuscular e. coli asparaginase and necessitated discontinuation of the drug. | 1992 | 1606543 |
| ferric iron uptake in erwinia chrysanthemi mediated by chrysobactin and related catechol-type compounds. | erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 possesses a saturable, high-affinity transport system for the ferric complex of its native siderophore chrysobactin, [n-alpha-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-d-lysyl-l-serine]. uptake of 55fe-labeled chrysobactin was completely inhibited by respiratory poison or low temperature and was significantly reduced in rich medium. the kinetics of chrysobactin-mediated iron transport were determined to have apparent km and vmax values of about 30 nm and of 90 pmol/mg.min, respectively. i ... | 1992 | 1624465 |
| expression of the erwinia carotovora polygalacturonase-encoding gene in bacillus subtilis: role of signal peptide fusions on production of a heterologous protein. | the peha gene encoding an endopolygalacturonase (pectinase) of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora has been cloned previously [saarilahti et al., mol. microbiol. 4 (1990) 1037-1044]. we expressed peha in bacillus subtilis using a secretion vector based on the promoter and signal sequence of the alpha-amylase (amy)-encoding gene, amye, from bacillus amyloliquefaciens. to test whether the location of the junction between the secretion vector and peha affects the protein yield, we made four differ ... | 1992 | 1628841 |
| a general role for the lux autoinducer in bacterial cell signalling: control of antibiotic biosynthesis in erwinia. | micro-organisms have evolved complex and diverse mechanisms to sense environmental changes. activation of a sensory mechanism typically leads to alterations in gene expression facilitating an adaptive response. this may take several forms, but many are mediated by response-regulator proteins. the luxr-encoded protein (luxr) has previously been characterised as a member of the response-regulator superfamily and is known to respond to the small diffusible autoinducer signal molecule n-(beta-ketoca ... | 1992 | 1628848 |
| secretion of cyaa-prtb and hlya-prtb fusion proteins in escherichia coli: involvement of the glycine-rich repeat domain of erwinia chrysanthemi protease b. | protease b from erwinia chrysanthemi was shown previously to have a c-terminal secretion signal located downstream of a domain that contains six glycine-rich repeats. this domain is conserved in all known bacterial proteins secreted by the signal peptide-independent pathway. the role of these repeats in the secretion process is controversial. we compared the secretion processes of various heterologous polypeptides fused either directly to the signal or separated from it by the glycine-rich domai ... | 1992 | 1629152 |
| characterization of the erwinia carotovora peh gene and its product polygalacturonase. | the peh gene, encoding polygalacturonase (peh), was identified in erwinia carotovora strain ec and cloned in escherichia coli. recombinant peh (re-peh) was purified from e. coli strain 706 containing peh on a recombinant plasmid. the activity of the re-peh protein is optimal at ph 5.5. the n-terminal and internal amino acid (aa) sequences of re-peh were determined and compared to the aa sequence deduced from the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the cloned peh. the re-peh has no similarity, based on e ... | 1992 | 1644302 |
| genetic evidence for an activator required for induction of pectin lyase in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by dna-damaging agents. | in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71, the induction of pectin lyase (pnl), the bacteriocin carotovoricin (ctv), and cellular lysis (lss) requires a reca function. we obtained mutants wherein a pleiotropic defect, i.e., the lack of induction with mitomycin c, is not restored by the reca+ dna. from a genomic library of strain 71, a cosmid (pakc280) that restored induction of pnl, ctv, and lss by mitomycin c was isolated. the activator function, designated rdg for regulator of damage-inducibl ... | 1992 | 1644776 |
| a fourth metalloprotease gene in erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi, a gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium, was previously shown to secrete 3 related extracellular metalloproteases, a, b and c via a specific signal-peptide-independent pathway. a new gene (prtg) encoding a fourth, 52-kda metalloprotease was identified on the same recombinant cosmid (pew1) that carries the genes for the previously described proteases (prta, prtb and prtc), for the specific secretion factors (prtd, prte and prtf) and for a protease inhibitor (inh) cloned fr ... | 1992 | 1299839 |
| tnblam: a transposon for directly tagging bacterial genes encoding cell envelope and secreted proteins. | a transposon, tnblam, designed for the direct selection of bacterial mutants with insertions in genes encoding cell envelope and secreted proteins, was constructed and subcloned into plasmid and bacteriophage lambda delivery vectors. tnblam is a spectinomycin-resistant derivative of tn5 with an unexpressed open reading frame encoding mature beta-lactamase (blam) at its left end. therefore, when it inserts into genes in the correct orientation and reading frame, gene fusions encoding hybrid prote ... | 1992 | 1312501 |
| construction of a recombinant bacterial human cd4 expression system producing a bioactive cd4 molecule. | the cd4 protein expressed on helper t lymphocytes is a restriction element for major histocompatibility class ii immune responses. this molecule is also used by the human immunodeficiency virus as its specific cellular receptor facilitating binding of virus to cells. as soluble forms of cd4 inhibit hiv infection in tissue culture, attention has focused on this molecule. bacterially produced cd4 would facilitate studies of the biology of the cd4 molecule. however, bacterially expressed cd4 must b ... | 1992 | 1319711 |
| analysis of the pele promoter in erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | the pele gene of erwinia chrysanthemi strain ec16 encodes an extracellular pectate lyase protein that is important in virulence on plants. control of pele expression is complex, because the gene is regulated by catabolite repression, substrate induction, and growth-phase inhibition. a tn7-lux reporter gene system was employed to define dna sequences comprising the pele promoter. when ec16 cells were grown on medium containing sodium polypectate, pele transcriptional start sites were observed onl ... | 1992 | 1319773 |
| n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone regulates carbapenem antibiotic production in erwinia carotovora. | erwinia carotovora a.t.c.c. 39048 produces the antibiotic 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid. a number of mutants with a carbapenem-non-producing phenotype were selected as part of an investigation into the molecular and genetic basis of carbapenem biosynthesis. cross-feeding studies revealed that the mutants fell into two discrete groups. group 1 mutants were found to secrete a diffusible low-molecular-mass compound which restored carbapenem production in group 2 mutants. this compound was isola ... | 1992 | 1335238 |
| some implications of structural collapse during freeze-drying using erwinia caratovora l-asparaginase as a model. | when the enzyme erwinia caratovora l-asparaginase was freeze-dried in mixtures of lactose and sodium chloride, biological activity and protein structure were preserved during drying. however, by altering the ratios of the excipients in the formulation it was possible to obtain products which were pharmaceutically acceptable or unacceptable as assessed by the criteria of dried cake appearance, moisture content or ease of reconstitution. | 1993 | 7763938 |
| a pleiotropic reduced virulence (rvi-) mutant of erwinia carotovora subspecies atroseptica is defective in flagella assembly proteins that are conserved in plant and animal bacterial pathogens. | 1993 | 7934865 | |
| diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis as a complication of l-asparaginase therapy. | 1993 | 8132268 | |
| characterization of the prta and prtb genes of erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | two tandem metalloprotease-encoding structural genes, prta and prtb, were sequenced from erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. these were highly homologous to previously reported genes from the same bacteria, as well as to three other metalloprotease-encoding genes from enteric bacteria. the three tandem prt structural genes from strain ec16 were closely linked to a cluster of genes previously found to be essential for extracellular secretion of the metalloproteases. | 1993 | 8224883 |
| identification of two components of the serratia marcescens metalloprotease transporter: protease sm secretion in escherichia coli is tolc dependent. | the serratia marcescens metalloprotease (protease sm) belongs to a family of proteins secreted from gram-negative bacteria by a signal peptide-independent pathway which requires a specific transporter consisting of three proteins: two in the inner membrane and one in the outer membrane. the prtdsm and prtesm genes encoding the two s. marcescens inner membrane components were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. their nucleotide sequence revealed high overall homology with the two analogous ... | 1993 | 8226679 |
| on a (beta-) roll. | 1993 | 8236448 | |
| molecular analysis of the major cellulase (celv) of erwinia carotovora: evidence for an evolutionary "mix-and-match" of enzyme domains. | the structural gene for the major cellulase of erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora (ecc) was isolated and expressed in escherichia coli. sequencing of the gene (celv) revealed a typical signal sequence and two functional domains in the enzyme; a catalytic domain linked by a short proline/threonine-rich linker to a cellulose-binding domain (cbd). the deduced amino acid sequence of the catalytic domain showed homology with cellulases of family a, including enzymes from bacillus spp. and erwin ... | 1993 | 8246888 |
| uptake of galacturonic acid in erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | uptake of [14c]galacturonic acid in erwinia chrysanthemi was found to be stimulated during growth on pectin and its degradation products, saturated digalacturonic acid and galacturonic acid. cells isolated from macerated potato tissue also showed increased levels of uptake activity for this molecule compared with those showed by glycerol-grown cells. uptake was found to be an active process, and it displayed saturation kinetics. an escherichia coli galacturonic acid transport mutant harboring th ... | 1993 | 8320243 |
| characterization of a novel regulatory gene aepa that controls extracellular enzyme production in the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. | erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain ecc71 produces an array of extracellular enzymes including pectate lyase (pel), polygalacturonase, cellulase, and protease. in strain ecc71, these enzymes are coregulated by aepa, which encodes an activator of extracellular protein production (h. murata, j. l. mcevoy, a. chatterjee, a. collmer, and a. k. chatterjee, mol. plant-microbe interact, 4:239-246, 1991). the nucleotide sequence of a 2.7-kb aepa+ dna segment revealed an open reading frame (orf) ... | 1993 | 8324248 |
| characterization of the nucm gene coding for a nuclease of the phytopathogenic bacteria erwinia chrysanthemi. | the gene nucm encoding a nuclease was cloned from a genomic library of erwinia chrysanthemi. the nucm gene was subcloned, and mutagenized by insertion of a uida-kanr cartridge. this mutation was introduced by recombination into the erwinia chrysanthemi chromosome. the nucm mutant lost nucm activity when tested on a dna plate after 24 hours, but still possessed secondary weak nuclease activity. the nucleotide sequence of nucm was determined. it presents a 798 bp open reading frame, coding for a 2 ... | 1993 | 8332061 |
| a left-handed crossover involved in amidohydrolase catalysis. crystal structure of erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase with bound l-aspartate. | the crystal structure of l-asparaginase from erwinia chrysanthemi in the presence and absence of l-aspartate was determined at 1.8 a resolution. conserved residues in a left-handed crossover (a rare occurrence in protein structures) link pairs of dimers into the catalytically active tetrameric form of the enzyme. the structure of era containing bound aspartic acid shows that this unusual strand connectivity is an essential part of the active site architecture, responsible for releasing the produ ... | 1993 | 8348975 |
| sequence homology between a bacterial metalloproteinase and eukaryotic matrix metalloproteinases. | the origin and evolution of matrix metalloproteinases represent an exciting subject of study. recently, various reports have searched for a relationship between bacterial and eukaryotic metalloproteinases. in this report, we constructed a phylogenetic tree using the amino acid sequence of one bacterial metalloproteinase and eight eukaryotic matrix metalloproteinases and performed multiple alignments with some of these sequences. we concluded that there is a familial relationship between members ... | 1993 | 8350353 |
| structure of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi pv zeae strain sr260, a phytopathogen of corn, produced from lactose an acidic extracellular polysaccharide which was purified and found to consist of l-rhamnose, d-mannose, d-glucose, and d-glucuronic acid in the ratio of 3:1:1:1. a combination of chemical (carboxyl-group reduction, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, smith degradation, and lithium-ethylenediamine degradation) and physical (1 and 2d nmr spectroscopy) methods revealed that the polysaccharide is compos ... | 1993 | 8370026 |
| characterization and overexpression of the pem gene encoding pectin methylesterase of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937. | the pem gene encoding the pectin methylesterase (pme) of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937 was subcloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. the gene contains an open reading frame of 1098 bp and codes for a protein of 366 amino acids (aa). the mature 37-kda form of the protein is 342 aa long and has a calculated isoelectric point of 9.64. a plasmid was constructed to overproduce pme: a dna fragment carrying pem was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and cloned downstream from the pl ... | 1993 | 8370537 |
| [expression of pel genes of erwinia chrysanthemi ena49 in erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica 36a cells]. | erwinia atroseptica 36a cells were transformed by the recombinant plasmid ppl5-1 (a derivative of the vector plasmid puc19) containing pelb and pelc genes which encode pectate lyases of erwinia chrysanthemi ena49. synthesis of pectate lyases plb and plc determined by the cloned pel genes is constitutive in erwinia atroseptica 36appl5-1 cells and not inducible by sodium polypectate. the major part of these enzymes was accumulated in the periplasmic fraction of erwinia atroseptica and cells were u ... | 1993 | 8371722 |
| a note on the primary structure and expression of an erwinia carotovora polygalacturonase-encoding gene (peh1) in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | a 1209-base pair (bp) dna fragment containing the endopolygalacturonase-encoding gene (peh1) from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique and expressed in escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequence of the pcr product was determined and found to be highly homologous to the primary structures of other polygalacturonase-encoding genes. the peh1 dna fragment encoding the mature polygalacturonase was inserted between two different yeast expre ... | 1993 | 8407675 |
| involvement of lipopolysaccharide in the secretion of escherichia coli alpha-haemolysin and erwinia chrysanthemi proteases. | the presence of the alpha-haemolysin secretion genes sensitizes escherichia coli to vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic that is normally excluded from the gram-negative envelope (owing to its large size) (m(r) 1400). the selection of vancomycin mutants in strains carrying such genes was found to be a very powerful method for selecting non-haemolytic mutants. in this way, mutations in the known secretion genes, hlyb, hlyd and tolc, were obtained. however additional mutations mapped in genes rfa ... | 1993 | 8437516 |
| regulation of the expression of a pela::uida fusion in erwinia chrysanthemi and demonstration of the synergistic action of plant extract with polygalacturonate on pectate lyase synthesis. | the phytopathogenicity of erwinia chrysanthemi is chiefly supported by the production of pectate lyase isoenzymes, encoded by the pel genes. one of these enzymes, pela, encoded by the pela gene, seems to represent only a small part of the total pectate lyase activity, but is required for full bacterial pathogenicity. to study the regulation of pela gene expression, a pela::uida gene fusion was constructed. expression of this fusion was analysed under various growth conditions and in various gene ... | 1993 | 8450303 |
| mutagenesis of cellulase egz for studying the general protein secretory pathway in erwinia chrysanthemi. | extracellular secretion of endoglucanase z (egz) from erwinia chrysanthemi is mediated by the so-called out general secretion pathway and, presumably, involves recognition of egz-carried structural information by one or more of the out proteins. investigating the relationships between structure and secretability of egz was the purpose of the present work. egz is made of two independent domains, located at the n- and c-proximal sides, separated by a ser/thr-rich region, which are responsible for ... | 1993 | 8469118 |
| autoregulation of carbapenem biosynthesis in erwinia carotovora by analogues of n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone. | n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (hsl) (i) is the autoregulator controlling carbapenem antibiotic biosynthesis in erwinia carotovora atcc 39048. the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues of hsl are described. these include alterations of chirality, side-chain modifications, ring size and ring hetero atom. a number of compounds are reported which are capable of restoring the phenotype to a hsl negative mutant but at higher concentrations than hsl. a-factor, the autoregul ... | 1993 | 8478262 |
| new domain motif: the structure of pectate lyase c, a secreted plant virulence factor. | pectate lyases are secreted by pathogens and initiate soft-rot diseases in plants by cleaving polygalacturonate, a major component of the plant cell wall. the three-dimensional structure of pectate lyase c from erwinia chrysanthemi has been solved and refined to a resolution of 2.2 angstroms. the enzyme folds into a unique motif of parallel beta strands coiled into a large helix. within the core, the amino acids form linear stacks and include a novel asparagine ladder. the sequence similarities ... | 1993 | 8502994 |
| a small diffusible signal molecule is responsible for the global control of virulence and exoenzyme production in the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora. | virulence of the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is dependent on the production and secretion of a complex arsenal of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. production of these exoenzymes is controlled by a global regulatory mechanism. a virulent mutants in one of the regulatory loci, expi, show a pleiotropic defect in the growth phase-dependent transcriptional activation of exoenzyme gene expression. the expi gene encodes a 26 kda polypeptide that is structurally and functionall ... | 1993 | 8508772 |
| the lux autoinducer regulates the production of exoenzyme virulence determinants in erwinia carotovora and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | erwinia carotovora and pseudomonas aeruginosa secrete exoenzymes that contribute to the pathogenesis of plant and mammalian infections respectively. e.carotovora mutants defective in synthesis of the pectinase, cellulase and protease exoenzymes were isolated and classified into two groups. group 2 mutants were found to be defective in the production of a small freely diffusible molecule, n-3-(oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine, lactone (hsl), and were avirulent. addition of exogenous hsl to these group 2 ... | 1993 | 8508773 |
| unusual structural features in the parallel beta-helix in pectate lyases. | a new type of domain structure, an all parallel beta class, has recently been observed in two pectate lyases, pelc and pele. the atomic models have been analyzed to determine whether the new tertiary fold exhibits unusual structural features. | 1993 | 8081738 |
| fermentative production and isolation of l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora, ec-113. | l-asparaginase, an enzyme-drug used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was isolated from erwinia carotovora. the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the fermentative production of the enzyme were studied. lactose, monosodium glutamate, corn steep liquor, tryptone and yeast extract showed significant stimulation of the production. when l-asparagine (0.2%), a substrate of the enzyme was added to a fermentation medium, a mutant strain ec-113 exhibited 6 times higher p ... | 1993 | 8181956 |
| c-terminal secretion signal of an erwinia chrysanthemi protease secreted by a signal peptide-independent pathway: proton nmr and cd conformational studies in membrane-mimetic environments. | the detailed structure of a 68-residue chimeric peptide encompassing the 56 last c-terminal residues of erwinia chrysanthemi protease g has been investigated by using circular dichroism and nmr spectroscopies. the peptide which contains the secretion signal of prtg was solubilized either in aqueous solvent, in trifluoroethanol (tfe)/h2o mixtures, or in dodecyl beta-d-maltoside detergent. the peptide helical content increases upon tfe and detergent additions. a stable conformation is reached at 4 ... | 1994 | 8204613 |
| specific interactions of erwinia chrysanthemi kdgr repressor with different operators of genes involved in pectinolysis. | the erwinia chrysanthemi kdgr gene encodes a repressor that negatively regulates the expression of genes involved in pectinolysis and in pectinase secretion. the cloned kdgr gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli by using a phage t7 system. overproduced repressor was purified to homogeneity by two chromatographic steps. gel retardation and dnase i protection experiments demonstrated the specific binding of the kdgr protein to the operators of pectinase genes (pela, pelb, pelc, pele), to the ... | 1994 | 8107132 |
| role of endoglucanases in erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 virulence on saintpaulia ionantha. | the role of endoglucanases (endoglucanases z and y) in erwinia chrysanthemi pathogenicity on saintpaulia ionantha was assessed by mutagenizing cloned cel genes (celz and cely) and recombining them with the chromosomal alleles. strains with an omega interposon in celz, a deletion in cely, or a double cel mutant were as virulent as the wild-type strain. however, in the strain with a deletion in cely, a delay in the appearance of symptoms was observed, and then maceration progressed as in plants in ... | 1994 | 8113196 |
| a carboxyl-terminal four-amino acid motif is required for secretion of the metalloprotease prtg through the erwinia chrysanthemi protease secretion pathway. | prtg is an extracellular metalloprotease secreted by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi through a signal peptide-independent secretion pathway. previous studies showed that the prtg secretion signal is cooh-terminal and located in the last 56 residues of prtg. we have now performed a deletion and elongation mapping of a short secretion competent cooh-terminal peptide cterg. this approach allowed us to show that: (i) the smaller cooh-terminal sequence containing the information nece ... | 1994 | 8132636 |
| molecular analysis of the erwinia chrysanthemi region containing the kdga and zwf genes. | the pathways of pectin and galacturonate catabolism in erwinia chrysanthemi converge to form a common intermediate, 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate, which is phosphorylated to form 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (kdgp) and then cleaved by the aldolase encoded by the kdga gene. we cloned the kdga gene of the e. chrysanthemi strain 3937 by complementing an escherichia coli kdga mutation, using an rp4-derivative plasmid. restriction mapping of the kdga region and isolation of kdga-lac fusions allowed th ... | 1994 | 8145647 |
| acute parotitis during induction therapy including l-asparaginase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | in a patient affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) and subjected to therapy with erwinia l-asparaginase, acute parotitis was observed. microbiological studies excluded any infectious etiology. regression of parotitis was spontaneous. this complication has not been previously reported and could be due to the same mechanism of pancreatic injury. the occurrence of acute parotitis needs to be promptly recognized in order to avoid the continuation of l-asparaginase. | 1994 | 8148421 |
| periplasmic disulphide bond formation is essential for cellulase secretion by the plant pathogen erwinia chrysanthemi. | secretion to the cell exterior of cellulase egz and of at least six pectinases enables the gram-negative erwinia chrysanthemi to cause severe plant disease. the c-terminal cellulose-binding domain (cbd) of egz was found to contain a disulphide bond which forms, in the periplasm, between residues cys-325 and cys-382. dithiothreitol (dtt)-treatment of native egz showed that the disulphide bond was dispensable, both for catalysis and cellulose binding. adding dtt to e. chrysanthemi cultures led to ... | 1994 | 8152378 |
| molecular characterization of the erwinia chrysanthemi kdgk gene involved in pectin degradation. | the pathways of pectin and galacturonate catabolism in erwinia chrysanthemi converge to form a common intermediate, 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (kdg), which is phosphorylated by kdg kinase encoded by the kdgk gene. we cloned the kdgk gene of e. chrysanthemi 3937 by complementing an escherichia coli kdgk mutation, using an rp4-derivative plasmid. one of the kdgk r-prime plasmids harbored a dna insert of about 80 kb and carried the uxua and uxub genes involved in glucuronate catabolism and the cely ge ... | 1994 | 8157608 |
| piv, a filamentous phage protein that mediates phage export across the bacterial cell envelope, forms a multimer. | filamentous phage piv is an outer membrane protein required for phage assembly and secretion. chemical cross-linking and sedimentation experiments have been used to demonstrate that piv from f1-infected escherichia coli exists as a homo-multimer, probably composed of 10 to 12 subunits. piv secreted from spheroplasts remains soluble and does not form multimers. synthesis of piv from distantly related filamentous phages or from a bacterial homolog that participates in a specialized form of extra-c ... | 1994 | 8158648 |
| characterization of dsbc, a periplasmic protein of erwinia chrysanthemi and escherichia coli with disulfide isomerase activity. | we identified and characterized an erwinia chrysanthemi gene able to complement an escherichia coli dsba mutation that prevents disulfide bond formation in periplasmic proteins. this gene, dsbc, codes for a 24 kda periplasmic protein that contains a characteristic active site sequence of disulfide isomerases, phe-x-x-x-x-cys-x-x-cys. besides the active site, dsbc has no homology with dsba, thioredoxin or eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerase and it could define a new subfamily of disulfide isom ... | 1994 | 8168497 |
| regulation of the production of extracellular pectinase, cellulase, and protease in the soft rot bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: evidence that aeph of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 activates gene expression in e. carotovora subsp. carotovora, e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, and escherichia coli. | the production of pectolytic enzymes (pectate lyase [pel] and polygalacturonase [peh]), cellulase (cel), and protease (prt) is activated in the soft rot bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by aepa (activator of extracellular protein production) and celery extract (y. liu, h. murata, a. chatterjee, and a. k. chatterjee, mol. plant-microbe interact. 6:299-308, 1993). we recently isolated a new class of mutants of strain e. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 which overproduces pel, peh, cel ... | 1994 | 7944360 |
| erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase: epitope mapping and production of antigenically modified enzymes. | this study shows that the antigenicity of erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase can be reduced by site-directed mutagenesis. ten b-cell epitopes of the enzyme were identified using synthetic hexapeptides and polyclonal antisera from rabbits and mice. the region 282givppdeelp292 near the c-terminus was an immunodominant epitope. binding of two hexapeptides (283ivppde288 and 287deelpg292) to the antibodies was dependent on pro285, and pro286, since their replacement by almost any other amino acid re ... | 1994 | 7945221 |
| erwinia chrysanthemi hrp genes and their involvement in soft rot pathogenesis and elicitation of the hypersensitive response. | unlike the bacterial pathogens that typically cause the hypersensitive response (hr) in plants, erwinia chrysanthemi has a wide host range, rapidly kills and macerates host tissues, and secretes several isozymes of the macerating enzyme pectate lyase (pel). pelabce- and out- (secretion-deficient) mutants were observed to produce a rapid necrosis in tobacco leaves that was indistinguishable from the hr elicited by the narrow-host-range pathogens e. amylovora ea321 and pseudomonas syringae pv. syr ... | 1994 | 7949326 |
| verification of elisa results by immunomagnetic isolation of antigens from extracts and analysis with sds-page and western blotting, demonstrated for erwinia spp. in potatoes. | isolation of antigens on immunomagnetic beads and subsequent analysis with sds-page and western blotting (immunomagnetic isolation-western blotting (imi-wb)) was used to verify positive elisa results for erwinia chrysanthemi and erw. carotovora subsp. atroseptica in potato peel extracts. direct analysis of highly contaminated extracts by western blotting without previous immuno-isolation resulted in background reactions, whereas immunomagnetic isolation resulted in distinct bands of specific ant ... | 1994 | 7961189 |
| prtd, the integral membrane atp-binding cassette component of the erwinia chrysanthemi metalloprotease secretion system, exhibits a secretion signal-regulated atpase activity. | we have overproduced, partially purified, and characterized prtd, the atp-binding cassette (abc) integral membrane component from the metalloproteases secretion system of the gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi. these metalloproteases are secreted independently of the general export pathway encoded by the sec genes. they are secreted via a c-terminal secretion signal and by a secretion apparatus composed of two inner membrane proteins, prtd and prte, and one outer membra ... | 1994 | 7961727 |
| pecs: a locus controlling pectinase, cellulase and blue pigment production in erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi mutants (designated as pecs) displaying derepressed pectate lyase and cellulase synthesis were isolated. in addition, the pecs mutation is responsible for production of an extracellular insoluble blue pigment whose synthesis is cryptic in the wild-type 3937 strain. transduction analysis indicates that the phenotype is due to a single mutation located near the xyl marker on the strain 3937 chromosome. this mutation was complemented by an r-prime plasmid carrying the xyl and a ... | 1994 | 8022282 |
| thin film formation by rough form lipopolysaccharide and interaction with cationic antibiotic polymyxin b. | a monolayer film of the rough form of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from erwinia carotovora at an air-water interface was transferred onto solid substrates to form a multilayer film. the lps was deposited on hydrophobic graphite as well as on hydrophilic platinum plates. the thickness of the lps film prepared by a single dipping and removal of the graphite was estimated at 2.7 nm by atomic force microscopy. the repeated dipping of the platinum plate indicated early saturation with reduced subsequent ... | 1994 | 8041294 |
| beta-lactamase topology probe analysis of the outo nmephe peptidase, and six other out protein components of the erwinia carotovora general secretion pathway apparatus. | the out gene cluster of erwinia spp. encodes the proteins of the general secretory pathway (gsp) apparatus that is required for pectinase and cellulase secretion. we have used fusions between erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) out genes and the topology probe blam to assess the ability of out protein regions to export blam across the cytoplasmic membrane in escherichia coli and ecc. for the outo gene product (an nmephe peptidase), seven transmembrane regions have been identified and one ... | 1994 | 8065262 |
| nucleotide sequence and expression of a novel pectate lyase gene (pel-3) and a closely linked endopolygalacturonase gene (peh-1) of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71. | our previous genetic analysis (j. w. willis, j. k. engwall, and a. k. chatterjee, phytopathology 77:1199-1205, 1987) had revealed a tight linkage between pel-3 (pel, pectate lyase gene) and peh-1 (peh, polygalacturonase gene) within the chromosome of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71. nucleotide sequencing, transcript assays, and expression of enzymatic activities in escherichia coli have now confirmed that a 3,500-bp segment contains the open reading frames (orfs) for pel-3 and peh-1. the ... | 1994 | 8074530 |
| analysis of promoter region of the pectin lyase gene from erwinia carotovora er. | a pectin lyase defective mutant was constructed from erwinia carotovora er by transposon tn5 insertion mutagenesis to analyze the promoter region of the pnl gene, which had been cloned. the promoter of pnl is between -140 and -74 upstream of the structural gene of pnl and appears not to be regulated by lex a. | 1994 | 7764549 |