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antigenic relationship between loboa loboi and paracoccidioides brasiliensis as shown by serological methods.lobomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis are two different mycoses caused by loboa loboi and paracoccidioides brasiliensis, respectively. to verify cross-antigenicity between them, lobomycosis sera were tested by immunoblotting, elisa and capture-eia against crude exo-antigen, 'cell-free antigen' and gp43 from p. brasiliensis. the majority of lobomycosis serum samples recognized crude exo-antigens and gp43 from p. brasiliensis. gp43 was eluted from an affinity column prepared with igg from a patie ...199810206752
detection of circulating paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen in urine of paracoccidioidomycosis patients before and during treatment.for the diagnosis and follow-up of paracoccidioidomycosis patients undergoing therapy, we evaluated two methods (immunoblotting and competition enzyme immunoassay) for the detection of circulating antigen in urine samples. a complex pattern of reactivity was observed in the immunoblot test. bands of 70 and 43 kda were detected more often in urine samples from patients before treatment. the immunoblot method detected gp43 and gp70 separately or concurrently in 11 (91.7%) of 12 patients, whereas t ...19989620407
experimental pulmonary fibrosis induced by paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia: measurement of local host responses.pulmonary fibrosis was induced following inoculation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia intranasally in balb/c mice. fibrosis was associated with formation of granulomas, increase in lung hydroxyproline, and sustained increases in tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta. this study suggests a role for these cytokines in generation of pulmonary fibrosis associated with chronic granulomatous infectious diseases.19989574786
cytosolic neutral proteinases of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.cytosolic proteinases were assayed in both morphological phases of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. preparations from the mycelial phase were more active in vitro than those from the yeast cells. optimal proteinase activities for both phases occurred at ph's between 6.0 and 9.0, and at 45 degrees c. gelatin-sds-page electrophoresis separated several bands (58-112 kda) in mycelial preparations; a single band (70 kda) was seen in yeast preparations. enzymatic activities were inhibited by antipain, p ...19989662616
localization of eosinophil granule major basic protein in paracoccidioidomycosis lesions.paracoccidioidomycosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. although eosinophils have long been associated with the immune defense against helminths, the role of eosinophils in the immune response to fungal diseases is not as well studied. the eosinophil granule major basic protein is toxic to helminths and mammalian cells in vitro, and its release has been used as a marker of eosinophil localization and degranulation. to determine whether eosino ...19989684630
cytokines produced by susceptible and resistant mice in the course of paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is the most prevalent deep mycosis in latin america and presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. we established a genetically controlled murine model of pcm, where a/sn mice develop an infection which mimics the benign disease (immune responses which favor cellular immunity) and b10.a animals present the progressive disseminated form of pcm (preferential activation of b cells and impairment of cellular immune responses). to understand the immunoregulatory ...19989698765
immunity to paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection. 19989720958
molecular genetic variation in emmonsia crescens and emmonsia parva, etiologic agents of adiaspiromycosis, and their phylogenetic relationship to blastomyces dermatitidis (ajellomyces dermatitidis) and other systemic fungal pathogens.emmonsia crescens, an agent of adiaspiromycosis, blastomyces dermatitidis, the agent of blastomycosis, and histoplasma capsulatum, the agent of histoplasmosis, are known to form meiotic (sexual) stages in the ascomycete genus ajellomyces (onygenaceae, onygenales), but no sexual stage is known for e. parva, the type species of the genus emmonsia. to evaluate relationships among members of the putative ajellomyces clade, large-subunit ribosomal and internal transcribed spacer region dna sequences ...19989738044
evidence of idiotypic modulation in the immune response to gp43, the major antigenic component of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in both mice and humans.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic mycosis endemic in latin america, with a high prevalence in brazil, argentina, colombia and venezuela. the aetiologic agent of disease is a thermal dimorphic fungus, paracoccidioides brasiliensis. a glycoprotein of 43,000 d (gp43) is the major antigen of p. brasiliensis. antibodies directed to this antigen are detected in the sera of all patients with pcm. gp43 binds to laminin, thus participating in adhesion, invasion and pathogenesis of the fungus. as ...19989764601
antigenemia in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis: detection of the 87-kilodalton determinant during and after antifungal therapy.serological diagnosis and follow-up of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) patients have relied mainly on the detection of antibody responses by using techniques such as complement fixation (cf) and immunodiffusion. we recently described a novel inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (inh-elisa) which proved to be useful in the diagnosis of pcm via the detection of an 87-kda determinant in patient sera (b. l. gomez, j. i. figueroa, a. j. hamilton, b. ortiz, m. a. robledo, r. j. hay, and a. restre ...19989774584
study of pulmonary experimental paracoccidioidomycosis by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage cells: resistant vs. susceptible mice.adult swiss (susceptible) and balb/c (non-susceptible) mice were inoculated by the intravenous route with 1 x 10(6) yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, strain 18. immunologic parameters, histopathology and features of the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) were evaluated at week 2, 4, 8 and 16 post-infection. the pulmonary infection was progressive in swiss mice and regressive in balb/c mice. the numbers of total cells, lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils increased in bal, as well ...19989750339
pattern of immune response to gp43 from paracoccidioides brasiliensis in susceptible and resistant mice is influenced by antigen-presenting cells.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), endemic in latin america, is a progressive systemic mycosis caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the infection can evolve to different clinical forms that are associated with various degrees of suppressed cell-mediated immunity. in the murine model, a/sn and b10.a isogenic strains of mice are known to be resistant and susceptible, respectively, to this fungal infection. assuming that the effector immune response is a consequence of the preferential activation of ...19989826448
virulence factors in fungi of systemic mycoses.pathogenic fungi that cause systemic mycoses retain several factors which allow their growth in adverse conditions provided by the host, leading to the establishment of the parasitic relationship and contributing to disease development. these factors are known as virulence factors which favor the infection process and the pathogenesis of the mycoses. the present study evaluates the virulence factors of pathogenic fungi such as blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoforma ...19989830725
use of the 27-kilodalton recombinant protein from paracoccidioides brasiliensis in serodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is one of the most important endemic mycoses in latin america; it is usually diagnosed by observation and/or isolation of the etiologic agent, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, as well as by a variety of immunological methods. although the latter are effective, two circumstances, cross-reactions with other mycotic agents and antigen preparation that is marked by extreme variability among lots, hinder proper standardization of the procedures. to circumvent this lack of r ...19989801343
structure elucidation of sphingolipids from the mycopathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis: an immunodominant beta-galactofuranose residue is carried by a novel glycosylinositol phosphorylceramide antigen.two major acidic glycolipid components (pb-1 and pb-2) have been extracted from the mycopathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermally dimorphic fungus endemic to rural areas of south and central america. sera of all patients exhibiting paracoccidioidomycosis were found to be reactive with pb-1, but not with pb-2; no reactivity was observed with sera of healthy patients or those with histoplasmosis [toledo, m. s., suzuki, s., straus, a. h., and takahashi, h. k. (1995) j. med. vet. mycol. 33 ...19989628738
treatment of paracoccidioides brasiliensis-infected mice with a nitric oxide inhibitor prevents the failure of cell-mediated immune response.the activation of the nitric oxide (no) production system and its involvement in the control of the lung fungal burden and in immunosuppression mechanisms were studied during the course of paracoccidioides brasiliensis-infected mice. mice that had been infected with the fungus were treated daily with a specific inhibitor of no synthesis, n omega-nitro-l-arginine, or with buffered saline (control); no production was assessed on the basis of spontaneous no2- production by bronchoalveolar and perit ...19989743371
isolation of a paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain from the soil of a coffee plantation in ibiá, state of minas gerais, brazil.paracoccidioides brasiliensis has rarely been isolated from its habitat in rural areas. in order to investigate the hypothesis that human infection with this fungus is linked to coffee plantations (coffea arabica), material was collected monthly over a period of 1 year from farms in the town of ibiá, state of minas gerais, brazil. a total of 760 samples of soil, coffee leaves and fruits was cultured and inoculated into mice. a fungus isolated from the liver of a mouse inoculated with soil showed ...19989776810
lysis of paracoccidioides brasiliensis by zygosporium geminatum.zygosporium geminatum, isolated as a contaminant in a culture of the mycelial phase of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, was lethal to the latter organism. its lytic action was due to exocellular alpha-1,3- and beta-1,3-glucanases which degraded the p. brasiliensis cell wall. the alpha-1,3-glucanase was more active at 30 degrees c and the beta-1,3-glucanase at 23 degrees c, each having ph 6.0 as its optimum.19989776817
morphological transition of paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia to yeast cells: in vivo inhibition in females.clinical paracoccidioidomycosis is 13 times more common in men than in women. estrogen inhibits the transition of mycelia or conidia (the saprophytic form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis) to yeasts (the parasitic form) in vitro. here, we show that, in male mice that were infected intranasally (mimicking natural infection) the transition of conidia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids to intermediate forms and yeasts occurred over 24 to 96 h; cfu and yeasts (shown by histopathology) increased subseq ...19989784579
[renal anatomopathological changes in patients with acquired immunodeficiency deficiency syndrome].renal anatomopathological lesions were studied among 119 aids patients from faculdade de medicina do triângulo mineiro's university hospital (uberaba, mg, brazil). from formalin-fixed blocks, slides were obtained and studied by light microscopy. of 119 patients, 67 presented tubulointerstitial nephritis (tin), 18 inespecific, 2 xantogranulomatous and infections agents were found in 48 as follows: mycosis in 28 (16 cryptococcus sp; 9 histoplasma sp, 1 candida sp e 2 paracoccidioides brasiliensis) ...19989789445
[specific fungal antisera production in rabbits].a method for fungic antisera production against aspergillus fumigatus, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis and coccidioides immitis in rabbits was evaluated. intradermic via and antigen in the dilution used for routine tests (ud) were employed to produce positive control serum for immunodiffusion test in agar gel. a. fumigatus, h. capsulatum and c. immitis antigens were prepared as described in cdc's procedure manual, p. brasiliensis antigen was prepared as previously described ...19989793140
comparative studies on the antibody repertoire produced by susceptible and resistant mice to virulent and nonvirulent paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates.the specific recognition pattern of antibodies produced by susceptible and resistant mice infected with the low virulence paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolate (pb265) was examined by an immunoblotting procedure and compared with that of antibodies produced by highly virulent isolate (pb18) in infected mice. both mouse strains produced igg antibodies to 13 of the 16 major antigen bands, and showed a recognition pattern similar to sera from mice infected with the virulent isolate. nevertheless, t ...19989886208
comparison between human and armadillo paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.sixty-three paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates obtained from three nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus), one amazonian armadillo's and 19 clinical isolates were compared by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis with the primer opg-19. the isolates were divided into three major clusters, i, ii and iii. coincidences between human and armadillo isolates were observed in clusters i and ii. cluster iii consisted only of armadillos' isolates. the results suggested that (i) humans may ...199810353214
paracoccidioidomycotic aortitis with embolization to the lower limbs. report of a case and review of the literature.the authors report a clinical case of a 60-year-old caucasian man, with two episodes of arterial embolization in the lower limbs. a microscope investigation of the emboli revealed that they originated from fungal aortitis caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis. a review of aortic infections showed only one similar report of this rare clinical expression of blastomycosis. the authors suggest a routine postoperative search for emboli followed by culture and histopathology.19989833714
stress proteins in fungal diseases.heat shock proteins (hsps) are ubiquitous families of proteins, found in all organisms studied so far. they are highly conserved across the species barrier and serve fundamental functions in cell physiology. the term 'heat shock' was adopted because of the early observation of the heat-inducible nature of these proteins, although, as it is now realized that they can be induced by a variety of stressful stimuli, it is probably more appropriate to call them 'stress proteins'. the nomenclature of m ...19989988491
isolation of fungal rdna from bottlenose dolphin skin infected with loboa loboi.fungal-specific primers targeted for highly conserved genomic nucleic acid sequences were used in a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify dna from lobomycosis lesions in a bottlenose dolphin. sequence alignments of this dna possessed high homology to fungal ribosomal dna sequences found in the genus cladosporium. when used for in situ hybridization, the riboprobe transcribed from a cloned pcr-generated fragment bound to loboa loboi cells. these results support the hypothesis that l. loboi i ...199810075494
role of the armadillo dasypus novemcinctus in the epidemiology of paracoccidioidomycosis.a study conducted in a rural area of ibiá, state of minas gerais, brazil, where paracoccidioides brasiliensis was recently isolated from soil, sought to determine if the armadillo dasypus novemcinctus developed paracoccidioidomycosis. out of 21 armadillos captured in the area, one had a lung granuloma containing fungal cells attributable to those of p. brasiliensis. the present report presents the first histopathological evidence for the presence of this pathogen in the lungs of an armadillo. th ...199810531678
pathogenicities and gp43kda gene of three paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates originated from a nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus).we studied three different isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis obtained from the mesenteric lymph node (d3ly1), the spleen (d3s1) and the liver (d3liv1) of the same armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). pulmonal inflammatory area was evaluated by intravenous inoculation of 10(6) yeast cells of each isolates in young, male, ddy mice. moreover, the partial sequence of gp43kda gene of p. brasiliensis was analyzed. the lung inflammatory area was greater in animals inoculated with isolate d3s1. the ...199810481285
paracoccidioidomycosis and aids: report of the first two colombian cases.the records of the first two colombian patients with aids and paracoccidioidomycosis are presented. both patients were males and had no known risk factors for hiv although in the past they had worked in the field where they could have been infected with the fungus. they exhibited the juvenile type of disease with multiple organ system involvement and symptoms of short duration. they were deeply immunodepressed as indicated by less than 100 cd4 t lymphocytes per ml; however, serologic tests revea ...199810436658
anionogenic groups and surface sialoglycoconjugate structures of yeast forms of the human pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the surface anionogenic groups and sialoglycoconjugate structures of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast forms were analysed by cell microelectrophoresis, binding assays with lectins and viral particles, ultrastructural cytochemistry, enzymic digestion and flow cytofluorimetry. p. brasiliensis yeast forms, particularly the budding primordia, reacted strongly with cationized ferritin. binding assays showed that the reaction with sialic-acid-specific limax flavus lectin (lfa) was distributed over ...19989493368
geographic discrimination of paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains by randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis.randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of 33 paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains from argentina, brazil, colombia, peru, and venezuela produced reproducible amplification products which were sufficiently polymorphic to allow differentiation of the strains. types generated with five primers (opg 03, opg 05, opg 14, opg 16, and opg 18) resulted in a high discriminatory index (0.956). the discriminatory index was slightly reduced (0.940) when only two primers (opg 3 and opg 14) were u ...19989620409
mapping of the t-cell epitope in the major 43-kilodalton glycoprotein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis which induces a th-1 response protective against fungal infection in balb/c mice.the 43-kda glycoprotein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the major diagnostic antigen of paracoccidioidomycosis, the prevalent systemic mycosis of latin america. apart from eliciting high antibody titers, gp43 is also immunodominant in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in infected animals and humans. the cellular immune response in mice to gp43 administered in complete freund's adjuvant involves cd4+ th-1 lymphocytes, secreting gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and interleukin 2 (il-2) but n ...19989453642
electrophoretic karyotypes and genome sizing of the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.here we present the karyotype analysis and genome sizing of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a pathogen refractory to conventional genetic analysis. we have established pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) conditions to resolve the high-molecular-weight chromosomal bands of two clinical isolates of p. brasiliensis. both isolates showed four megabase-sized bands, ranging from 2.0 to 10.0 mbp. significant differences in chromosome sizes and in the chromosomal location of genes for the gp43 antige ...19989508305
short report: use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect paracoccidioides brasiliensis in murine paracoccidioidomycosis.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect the presence of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a murine model of disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis. using a previously identified p. brasiliensis-specific dna sequence, p. brasiliensis dna was detected in serum of five experimentally infected mice. the pcr method was able to detect as little as 10 pg of p. brasiliensis dna in serum, and it was more sensitive than blood culture isolation (five of five were pcr positive versus two of five ...19989502596
molecular cloning and sequencing of a chitin synthase gene (chs2) of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the nucleotide sequence of a chitin synthase gene (chs2) of the dimorphic fungal human pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of chs2p consists of 1043 residues and is highly homologous to other class ii fungal chitin synthases. computational structural analyses suggest very high similarity to other fungal chitin synthases with a highly variable region at the cytosolic amino-terminal region which may be related to its possible zymogenic nature ...19989483806
protective role of gamma interferon in experimental pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis.we have developed a murine model of pulmonary infection by paracoccidioides brasiliensis in which resistance was associated with immunological activities governed by gamma interferon (ifn-gamma). to better characterize this model, we measured type 1 and type 2 cytokines in the lungs and investigated the effect of endogenous ifn-gamma depletion by monoclonal antibodies in the course of infection of susceptible (b10.a) and resistant (a/sn) mice. at weeks 4 and 8 after infection, lungs from suscept ...19989453644
comparative efficacy of fluconazole and amphotericin b in the parenteral treatment of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in the rat.patients with severe and complicated paracoccidioidomycosis are treated with amphotericin b by the intravenous route. fluconazole is active in vitro against paracoccidioides brasiliensis and can also be administered intravenously, but few clinical or experimental data are available about its action against the infection caused by this fungus. in the present study, the efficacy of fluconazole and amphotericin b was assessed comparatively in rats inoculated parenterally with p. brasiliensis. the t ...199910823185
[in vitro sensitivity of paracoccidioides brasiliensis to systemically used antifungal agents].in 1992, the nccls proposed a broth macrodilution method for determining the in vitro susceptibility of yeast. however, for dimorphic fungi no standardised method is available. the aim of our study was to evaluate the reference broth macrodilution method with isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the in vitro susceptibility of two atcc strains (32069 and 36324) and nine clinical isolates were determined against serial dilutions of amphotericin b (amb), ketoconazole (ktz), and itraconazole ( ...199910425663
random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates.five paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates of humans origin were analyzed using three arbitrary primers (3301, 3304 and 3307 of 10, 9 and 10 oligonucleotídes respectively) in random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. the analysis of the complex rapd profiles obtained were carried out using the dice similarity coefficient that distinguished the isolated pb 02 from the others (pb 18, pb 192, pb 265 and pb sn). the results revealed limited intraspecific genomic variations in these p. brasi ...199910932759
pcr with paracoccidioides brasiliensis specific primers: potential use in ecological studies.the precise microenvironment of paracoccidioides brasiliensis has not yet been discovered perhaps because the methods used are not sensitive enough. we applied to this purpose the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using three sets of specific primers corresponding to two p. brasiliensis genes. this fungus as well as several other fungi, were grown and their dna obtained by mechanical disruption and a phenol chloroform isoamylalcohol-based purification method. the dna served for a pcr reaction that ...199910671288
paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolated from armadillos is virulent to syrian hamsters.isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis may vary in virulence according to time of in vitro subcultivation. the present study compared the morphology and pathogenicity to hamsters of two p. brasiliensis isolates: one obtained from human lesions and maintained in the laboratory for several years (pb-18) and the other isolate recovered from hamsters inoculated with organ homogenates from armadillos (pb-t). the microscopic morphology of pb-18 and pb-t showed yeast cells with similar diameter. how ...199911189763
subcutaneous infection of mice with paracoccidiodes brasiliensis induces a peculiar pattern of inflammatory and immune responses.it is well established that resistance or susceptibility to paracoccidioidis brasiliensis infection in mice is under strict host's genetic control. mice from a/sn strain inoculated by the ip route are resistant to fungal infection while infection induced in mice from b10.a strain results in a fatal disease. the early cellular events of infection in both strains are characterized by a marked neutrophilic infiltration that is more prominent in b10.a mice. a peculiar characteristic of the paracocci ...199910560623
experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in hamsters (mesocricetus auratus): gestational interactions.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus presenting specific steroid hormone receptors, both in the yeast and mycelial forms and estrogen inhibits the transition from mycelium to yeast. in the acute phase, the disease occurs with equal frequency in both sexes but in adults, females are spared. placental fungal infection has been reported, but references to fetal infection have not been confirmed. we used 78 syrian female hamsters divided into 3 groups: gi consisted of 30 infected mate ...199910598068
paracoccidioides brasilienses isolates obtained from patients with acute and chronic disease exhibit morphological differences after animal passage.the basis for virulence in paracoccidioides brasiliensis is not completely understood. there is a consensus that the sequential in vitro subcultivation of p. brasiliensis leads to loss of its pathogenicity, which can be reverted by reisolation from animal passage. attention to morphological and biochemical properties that are regained or demonstrated after animal passage may provide new insights into factors related to the pathogenicity and virulence of p. brasiliensis. we evaluated morphologica ...199910602541
differential antibody isotype expression to the major paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen in juvenile and adult form paracoccidioidomycosis.we investigated the relationship between antibody response to the major paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen, a 43-kda glycoprotein, and the two paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) clinical presentations, the juvenile and the adult forms. total immunoglobulin g (igg), igg isotypes, and iga anti-gp43 antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients'sera. juvenile pcm patients had higher (p =.003) igg anti-gp43 levels than adult form patients. igg1 subclass levels, however, we ...199910602660
in vitro human immune reactivity of fast protein liquid chromatography fractionated paracoccidioides brasiliensis soluble antigens.soluble antigens of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells (pbag) were fractionated in a fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) system, using q-sepharose anion-exchange resin, in order to characterize antigenic fractions that could elicit cell reactivity and antibody recognition in human paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). pbag fractions were eluted by 20 mm tris-hcl solution (ph 9.6) with an increasing gradient up to 1 m nacl. the fplc system was able to resolve 7 fractions, enumerated from 0 t ...199910602668
ultrastructural characterization of the agent of systemic yeast infection of owl monkeys.systemic infection by an unclassified yeast-like organism has been encountered sporadically in wild-caught owl monkeys (aotus sp.) from south america. the infection is presumably acquired in the wild; the incubation period ranges from months to years. the disease is indolent and clinical signs are non-specific. the diagnosis is based on histopathologic observation of yeast-like cells in multiple internal organs. most cells appear to be phagocytized by macrophages, however, many are apparently fr ...199910361271
differential expression of an hsp70 gene during transition from the mycelial to the infective yeast form of the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.we have isolated and characterized cdna and genomic clones that encode a 70 kda heat shock protein (hsp70) from the dimorphic human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the gene encodes a 649-amino-acid protein showing high identity with other members of the hsp70 gene family. the hsp70 gene is induced during both heat shock of yeast cells at 42 degrees c and the mycelial to yeast transition. a differential expression of this gene can be observed between mycelial and yeast forms, wit ...199910096073
fungistatic and fungicidal activities of murine polymorphonuclear leucocytes against yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.recently, a novel culture medium for detecting live yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis was developed by kurita et al. using this culture medium, murine peritoneal polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) were examined for fungistatic and fungicidal activities against p. brasiliensis yeast cells. the magnitude of the antifungal effect of pmn varied depending upon the fungal isolates used. pmn exhibited a killing effect on p. brasiliensis isolate bt-4 in 2 h of coculture. in contrast, the othe ...199910200930
correlation between antigenemia of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and inhibiting effects of plasma in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis.metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi may be involved in the pathogenesis of fungal infections consequently altering the defence mechanisms of the host. in this study the levels of paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens detected in the plasma of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis correlated with the suppression index detected by the low mitogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to phytohaemaglutinin (pha). this inhibitory effect on lymphoproliferation was observed in t ...199910421863
ultrastructural differences observed in paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase cells grown on solid and in liquid medium.an ultrastructural study was conducted on, yeast-like paracoccidioides brasiliensis cells grown on liquid and solid peptone--yeast extract--glucose medium. a large proportion of cells grown in liquid medium presented cytoplasmic damage compared with the cells grown on solid medium, which remained intact, suggesting that agar plays an important role in the development of this fungus.199910424097
virulence of paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates can be correlated to groups defined by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.fifteen paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates were discriminated by the rapd analysis into two groups with only 17% of genomic identity. the ability of p. brasiliensis isolates to invade tissues was studied in an experimental model using susceptible b10.a mice. the analysis was performed according to the severity of the lesions including the number and size of the granuloma, the number and dissemination of fungi to different organs. the isolates from two rapd groups demonstrated a marked differ ...199910421862
constitutive melanin in the cell wall of the etiologic agent of lobo's disease.lobo's disease is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the obligate pathogenic fungus, whose cell walls contain constitutive melanin. in contrast, melanin does not occur in the cell walls of paracoccidioides brasiliensis when stained by the fontana-masson stain.199910436664
paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic infection caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. it is commonly an endemic disease in latin america, but several cases have been reported outside this area, particularly now in this time of world globalization. primary pulmonary infection occurs commonly in the first and second decades of life and usually has a benign, self-limited respiratory infection course. the adult chronic manifestation of the disease is usually the result of reac ...199910461538
macrophage expression of class ii major histocompatibility complex gene products in paracoccidioides brasiliensis-infected mice.c57b1/6 isogenic mice infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains showed a disruption in the expression of ia antigen. expression slowly decreased during the course of the infection with a slight variation dependent on the route of inoculation and the fungal strain used, but production of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were observed. suppression of ia antigen expression and depression of the immunoproliferative responses of spleen cells were strongly correlated with nit ...199910463680
[paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in a subtropical region with important environmental changes].paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycoses caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic fungus that infects man through respiratory ducts. it has been accepted that its ecological niche is located in the soil and plants of subtropical forests of latin america. the province of corrientes is located at the northeastern border of argentina, in a subtropical area where important environmental modifications have been introduced in the last decade as consequence of damming the paranà river a ...199910472444
in situ hybridization in paracoccidioidomycosis.in situ hybridization (ish) was performed using oral biopsies from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis and guinea pig testes inoculated with a culture of paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolated from soil, employing both a 14 base-pair specific oligoprobe (act ccc ccg tgg tc) and its complementary sequence. when combining ish with the gridley stain which detects fungal cell walls, about 2-3% of the fungal cells present in the tissues were labelled. when the complementary probe was used, labelling ...199910421853
electrophoretic karyotype of environmental isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.five of the 12 environmental isolates of the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis known to date, were analysed by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis (chef). the electrophoretic pattern was shown to consist of five bands, with molecular size ranging from 3.2 to 10 mb, a model quite similar to the one found in the clinical isolates previously tested and used here as controls. however, one of the bands in the environmental isolates had a lesser weight (7.2 mb), ...199910421855
antifungal activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes against yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) were examined in vitro for antifungal activity against yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the yeast cell of this fungus was resistant to killing by pmn. however, pmn exhibited a fungistatic effect on the fungal isolates employed in a long-term ( approximately 72 h) assay. lysates of pmn did not show a fungistatic or fungicidal effect, indicating that live pmn are necessary for the antifungal effect. interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) ...199910421861
influence of the genetic background on the pattern of lesions developed by resistant and susceptible mice infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis.to compare the sequential evolution of lesions developed by resistant (a/sn) and susceptible (b10.a) mice to paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection we inoculated a virulent isolate of the fungus and collected the pancreas/peripancreatic omentum monthly (from 1 to 6 months) post infection. after fixation, tissue sections were stained by conventional methods for light microscopy to investigate the cellular composition, the extracellular matrix (ecm) patterns and the morphology of the yeasts in th ...199910691092
production of proteinase and phospholipase by paracoccidioides brasiliensis.we have investigated the production of proteinase and phospholipase by 20 different isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. isolates were grown in bacto-peptone, dextrose, ph 5.5, agar slants, at 27 degrees c for 30 days, and cultures were transferred onto petri dishes containing basis medium and bovine serum albumin fraction v and sterile egg yolk as substrates for enzyme production, and incubated at 27 degrees c. after 30 days net enzyme activity was visualized and quantitatively evaluated, ...199910721516
mri of head and neck paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis, caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is the most important systemic mycosis in latin america. imported cases have been reported in north america, asia and europe, in individuals who lived in endemic areas, sometimes many years before the development of clinical manifestations. the disease causes cutaneous and/or respiratory tract mucosal lesions as well as lymph node enlargement. involvement of the oropharynx and/or the larynx, either alone or in ...199910624334
sialic acids in fungi: a minireview.the increasing number of reports on the presence of sialic acids in fungi (n-acetyl-, n-glycolyl- and 5,9-n,o-diacetylneuraminic acids) based on direct and indirect evidence warrants the present review. formerly suggested as sialidase-sensitive sources of anionic groups at the cell surface of fungal species grown in chemically defined media (e.g., fonsecaea pedrosoi), sialic acids have also been found in sporothrix schenckii, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, cryptococcus neoformans and recently, i ...199910815991
antifungal activity of the new azole uk-109, 496 (voriconazole).the in vitro activity of voriconazole fully includes aspergillus, and also emerging moulds like fusarium, pseudallescheria boydii, and penicillium marneffei. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of voriconazole for candida krusei and candida glabrata, which are resistant or less susceptible to fluconazole, promise clinical efficacy, although they are ten times higher (0.30-0.39 microgram/ml) than those for candida albicans and other candida spp. (0.001-0.05 microgram/ml). the endemic fungal pat ...199910865910
characterization of sphingolipids from mycopathogens: factors correlating with expression of 2-hydroxy fatty acyl (e)-delta 3-unsaturation in cerebrosides of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and aspergillus fumigatus.significant differences exist between mammals and fungi with respect to glycosphingolipid (gsl) structure and biosynthesis. thus, these compounds, as well as the cellular machinery regulating their expression, have considerable potential as targets for the diagnosis and treatment of fungal diseases. in this study, the major neutral gsl components extracted from both yeast and mycelium forms of the thermally dimorphic mycopathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis were purified and characterized by 1 ...199910353841
[the research encouragement award. effects of sex hormones on sexual difference of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis].paracoccidioidomycosis is a deep mycosis in latin america. the causative agent is paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermal dimorphic fungus. the incidence of the disease is much higher in men than in women. although one explanation is the inhibitive effect of estradiol on fungal growth, its effect on the yeast form growth of p. brasiliensis is still unclear. there is limited information on progesterone and testosterone, which shows weak or no effects. on the other hand, numerous studies on sexua ...19999929575
[usefulness of routine investigation of fungal infections through bronchoscopy in hiv-infected and non-hiv-infected patients in a general hospital, reference to aids].the diagnostic yields and the spectrum of pulmonary fungal-infection obtained in samples collected by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients were evaluated from 1990 to 1995. a total of 1943 bronchoscopies were performed during this period, 47% in the hiv-positive group and 53% in the hiv-negative group. of 908 hiv-positive patients, 38 (4%) had a fungus isolated from the pulmonary sample whereas of 1035 hiv-negative patients, only 4 (0.2%) had a fungus isolated. his ...199910380564
failure of amphotericin b colloidal dispersion in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis.although amphotericin b desoxycholate is considered the most effective treatment for disseminated paracoccidioides brasiliensis infections, little is known about the efficacy of lipid-based formulations of amphotericin b in this infection. in this study, we treated four adults with the juvenile form of paracoccidioidomycosis with 3 mg/kg/day of amphotericin b colloidal dispersion for at least 28 days. although all of the patients initially responded by clinical observation, all four patients rel ...199910344661
lacazia loboi gen. nov., comb. nov., the etiologic agent of lobomycosis.the new genus lacazia p. taborda, v. taborda, et mcginnis is proposed to accommodate lacazia loboi (o. m. fonseca et lacaz) p. taborda, v. taborda, et mcginnis, the obligate pathogen that causes lobomycosis in mammals. the continued placement of that fungus in the genus paracoccidioides almeida as paracoccidioides loboi is taxonomically inappropriate. loboa loboi ciferri et al. is a synonym of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.199910325371
"giant" blastoconidia of candida albicans: morphologic presentation and concepts regarding their production.candida albicans normally produces blastoconidia measuring 2 to 8 microns in diameter. markedly enlarged "giant" (approximately 30 microns) blastoconidia of a c. albicans isolate (designated bh) were observed after growth on commercially prepared chocolate agar already supplemented with isovitalex (bbl-microbiology systems, cockeysville, md, usa). morphologically, "giant" blastoconidia presented a spectrum of forms such as blastoconidia with linear creases, with a single broad-based bud resembli ...199910342104
detection of the basement membrane-degrading proteolytic activity of paracoccidioides brasiliensis after sds-page using agarose overlays containing abz-mkaltlq-eddnp.we have characterized, in the paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase, an exocellular sh-dependent serine proteinase activity against abz-mkrltl-eddnp and analogous fluorescent-quenched peptides, and showed that it is also active against constituents of the basement membrane in vitro. in the present study, we separated the components of p. brasiliensis culture filtrates by electrophoresis and demonstrated that the serine-thiol exocellular proteinase has a diffuse and heterogeneous migration by ...199910412577
paracoccidioides brasiliensis. a mycologic and immunochemical study of two strains.the authors conducted a mycologic, immunochemical and molecular biology study on two strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, one of them, called ibia, isolated from soil in the municipality of ibia (minas gerais) by silva-vergara et al. (1996, 1998), and the other, bat, cultivated from a human case of paracoccidioidomycosis in ribeirão preto (são paulo/brazil) by freitas da silva (1996). both strains showed cotton-like (m) and yeast-like (y) forms and were pathogenic for testicularly inoculate ...199910413954
histopathological evolution of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in wistar rats.twenty wistar rats were inoculated, by the intracardiac route, with 0.5 ml each of a yeast phase suspension of paracoccidioides brasiliensis utero strain. the rats were sacrificed at regular intervals post-infection, at which time their lungs, heart, liver, spleen and kidneys were removed, fixed and stained for study. the parameters of interest for the lung specimens were: (a) extent of the lesions; (b) number of fungi; (c) presence of a lymphomononuclear halo. extrapulmonary lesions were also s ...199910360321
identification, n-terminal region sequencing and similarity analysis of differentially expressed proteins in paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the causal agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, which is a systemic mycosis in latin america. this human pathogen is a dimorphic fungus existing as mycelium (26 degrees c) and in infected tissues as a yeast form (36 degrees c). the in vitro differentiation process is reversible and dependent on temperature shift. in the present study, the total proteins from both forms of p. brasiliensis (isolate pb01) were analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. differentially ...199910361267
isolation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from the nine-banded armadillo dasypus novemcinctus, in an endemic area for paracoccidioidomycosis in colombia.the microniche of the dimorphic fungus paracoccidiodes brasiliensisremains undefined in spite of the many attempts to isolate it from natural sources. until recently, knowledge was also scanty concerning the presence of natural infections in animals; however, in the last decade, the fungus has been repeatedly isolated from the nine-banded armadillo, dasypus novemcinctusin brazil. a study aimed at determining the presence of infected armadillos in one of the paracoccidioidomycosis endemic areas o ...199918473551
adherence and intracellular parasitism of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in vero cells.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus known to produce invasive systemic disease in humans. the 43-kda glycoprotein of p. brasiliensis is the major diagnostic antigen of paracoccidioidomycosis and may act as a virulence factor, since it is a receptor for laminin.very little is known about early interactions between this fungus and the host cells, so we developed in vitro a model system employing cultured mammalian cells (vero cells), in order to investigate the factors and virulenc ...200010962270
in vitro susceptibilities of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast form to antifungal drugs.a total of 12 paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast form strains, including clinical and environmental isolates, were tested for their susceptibilities to amphotericin b, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole. the tests were determined using a broth macrodilution procedure. in general, there was a remarkable homogeneity of results for all strains, and comparable mics were found for environmental and clinical isolates.200011204357
[lobomycosis: a mycosis seldom observed in metropolitan france].we report a case of lobomycosis presenting like a cutaneous tumoral lesion in a patient living in guyana. the causative agent is loboa loboi. the illness is seldom observed in metropolitan france. the epidemiology, the clinical features, the course and the treatment are studied. the diagnosis is histological, with the morphological features of yeast-like cells.200010891722
a critical analysis of isolation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from soil.the present review is a critical analysis of positive and negative reports of the isolation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from soil. the strains isolated from soil or soil-contaminated material (dogfood, penguin feces) by batista et al. in recife, brazil, negroni in the argentinian chaco, albornoz in rural venezuela, silva-vergara et al. in ibiá, brazil, ferreira et al. in uberlândia, brazil, and gezuele et al. at the uruguayan base in the antarctic region, presented mycological characteristi ...200010892985
detection of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in tissue samples by a nested pcr assay.a nested pcr assay for the detection of paracoccidioides brasiliensis dna was evaluated, using a sequence of the immunogenic gp43 gene as a target. this gene encodes an outer membrane protein unique to this dimorphic fungus. dna from six clinical isolates and the atcc strain 60885 of p. brasiliensis, as well as dna from closely related fungi, was examined to determine detection limits and cross-reactions. pcr was done on dna extracts of lung homogenates from 23 experimentally p. brasiliensis-inf ...200010921955
comparative morphology of lacazia loboi (syn. loboa loboi) in dolphins and humans.lacazia loboi (syn. loboa loboi), the etiological agent of lobomycosis, was compared in human and dolphin tissue using light and electron microscopy, and computer-assisted morphometrics. the histological features of the lesions were similar; however, preliminary electron microscopy data indicates that cell wall destruction may vary in the two hosts. calcofluor stained tissue sections of human and dolphin tissue were examined with uv light microscopy and the images digitized. measurements of area ...200010746221
production of ifn-gamma is impaired in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis during active disease and is restored after clinical remission.cellular immunity is usually suppressed during paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) and is restored after treatment. in this study we evaluated the induction of a type 1 (interferon gamma (ifn-gamma)), a type 2 (interleukin (il)-10) and a primarily macrophage derived cytokine (tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with pcm. eight male patients with active pcm, nine male patients with clinical remission of the disease and 10 healthy control subjects ...200010892991
effect of cytokines on antifungal activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes against yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.in our previous study, it was observed that human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) exhibited a fungistatic effect on yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and that interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-8 (il-8), enhanced the antifungal activity of pmns. in the present study, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) also enhanced the pmn activity. gm-csf-activated pmns exhibited a killing effect on p. brasilie ...200010817235
resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection is linked to a preferential th1 immune response, whereas susceptibility is associated with absence of ifn-gamma production.the secretion of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4, il-5, and il-10 by antigen-stimulated lymph node cells, eosinophil maturation, and the antibody isotypes produced were examined during intraperitoneal infection of susceptible (b10.a) and resistant (a/sn) mice with paracoccidioides brasiliensis. lymph node cells from resistant mice produced early and sustained levels of ifn-gamma and il-2, whereas susceptible animals secreted low to undetectable amounts of these type 1 cy ...200010670655
nitric oxide participation in the fungicidal mechanism of gamma interferon-activated murine macrophages against paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia.paracoccidioidomycosis, a systemic mycosis restricted to latin america and produced by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is probably acquired by inhalation of conidia produced by the mycelial form. the macrophage (mphi) represents the major cell defense against this pathogen; when activated with gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), murine mphis kill the fungus by an oxygen-independent mechanism. our goal was to determine the role of nitric oxide in the fungicidal effect of mphis on p. ...200010768942
comparative analysis of ceramide structural modification found in fungal cerebrosides by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with low energy collision-induced dissociation of li+ adduct ions.fungal cerebrosides (monohexosylceramides, or cmhs) exhibit a number of ceramide structural modifications not found in mammalian glycosphingolipids, which present additional challenges for their complete characterization. the use of li+ cationization, in conjunction with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and low energy collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (esi-ms/cid-ms), was found to be particularly effective for detailed structural analysis of complex fungal cmhs, es ...200010775088
a case of paracoccidioidomycosis: experience with long-term therapy.we describe long-term therapy for paracoccidioidomycosis occurring in a 61-year-old house-painter from venezuela. the diagnostic examinations made in south america had shown pulmonary granulomatous lesions and an osteolytic pattern of the left knee that had been considered suspect of malignant disease with an indication for limb amputation. with the aid of fine needle aspiration biopsy (fnab) and culture examination we diagnosed an osteomyelitis by paracoccidioides brasiliensis and initiated the ...200010782401
interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha determine resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in mice.to investigate the role of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in the resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) infection, mice with homologous disruption of the ifn-gamma (gko) or tnf-alpha receptor p55 (p55ko) were infected with the parasite. gko and p55ko, but not wild-type (wt) mice, were unable to control the growth of yeast cells and the mice succumbed to infection by days 16 and 90 after infection, respectively. typical inflammatory granulomas w ...200010793093
fibrotic sequelae in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis: histopathological aspects in balb/c mice infected with viable and non-viable paracoccidioides brasiliensis propagules.patients with paracoccidioidomycosis often present pulmonary fibrosis and exhibit important respiratory limitations. based on an already established animal model, the contribution of viable and non-viable p. brasiliensis propagules to the development of fibrosis was investigated. balb/c male mice, 4-6 weeks old were inoculated intranasally either with 4x10(6) viable conidia (group i), or 6. 5x10(6) fragmented yeast cells (group ii). control animals received pbs. six mice per period were sacrific ...200010810319
molecular cloning and characterization of a glucan synthase gene from the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.1,3-beta-d-glucan is a fungal cell wall polymer synthesized by the multi-subunit enzyme 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase. a subunit of this integral membrane protein was first described as the product of the fks1 gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae using echinocandin mutants. other fks1 genes were also reported for candida albicans, aspergillus nidulans and cryptococcus neoformans. here, we report the nucleotide sequence of the first homologous fks gene cloned from the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioide ...200010705373
depletion of cd8(+) t cells in vivo impairs host defense of mice resistant and susceptible to pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis.using a pulmonary model of infection, we demonstrated previously that a/sn and b10.a mice are, respectively, resistant and susceptible to paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection. employing the same experimental model, we examined herein the role of cd8(+) t cells in the course of paracoccidioidomycosis. treatment with anti-cd8 monoclonal antibodies caused a selective depletion of pulmonary and splenic cd8(+) t cells in both mouse strains. the number of pulmonary cd4(+) t cells and immunoglobulin ...200010603408
[in vitro infection by different strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis].we analyzed the in vitro infection process by p. brasiliensis and the effect of extracellular factor(s) produced on monolayers of mammalian vero cell lines. the yeast phase of four strains was studied: b339 (avirulent or slightly virulent), u, (intermediate virulence), 93745 and 63265 (both highly virulent). strains of intermediate and high virulence had higher adherence at first contact (about 16%). strain b339 had a slower adherence at first contact (8%) than the others during the same period. ...200011008702
pathogenesis ii: fungal responses to host responses: interaction of host cells with fungi.most of our knowledge concerning the virulence determinants of pathogenic fungi comes from the infected host, mainly from animal models and more recently from in vitro studies with cell cultures. the fungi usually present intra- and/or extracellular host-parasite interfaces, with the parasitism phenomenon dependent on complementary surface molecules. among living organisms, this has been characterized as a cohabitation event, where the fungus is able to recognize specific host tissues acting as ...200011204137
paracoccidioidomycosis: a model for evaluation of the effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the natural history of endemic tropical diseases.the interaction of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection with endemic tropical diseases has become a major concern, but its mechanisms are still poorly understood. paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), a south america endemic deep mycosis, may provide an interesting model to investigate this interaction, as clinical-epidemiological features of most hiv-pcm-coinfected patients are difficult to classify into the standard acute and chronic forms of pcm. such patients have presented clinical features ...200011049788
molecular typing of pathogenic fungi.in this round table, the application of several methods of molecular typing were discussed in reference to four important pathogenic fungi: coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, candida albicans and paracoccidioides brasiliensis. among the different methods the following were discussed: restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp), single nucleotide polymorphisms, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-rflp and microsatellites. by means of these meth ...200011204145
fungal morphogenesis and virulence.phenotypic variability in pathogenic fungi has long been correlated with virulence, but specific genetic and molecular mechanisms are only recently being unraveled. fungal morphogenesis, reflecting the expression of several regulated genes, and the capacity of the rising forms or phases to cause disease has been focused on at the xivth congress of the international society for human and animal mycology. three experimental models of pathogenic fungi have been discussed. in cryptococcus neoformans ...200011204167
pathogenesis i: interactions of host cells and fungi.the interactions of host cells and fungi during infection represent a complex interplay. although t helper 1 (th1)-mediated immunity is primarily responsible for acquired resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis, studies have demonstrated that polymorphonuclear neutrophils play a critical role in providing an early resistance to this organism. one study has shown that the invasiveness of candida albicans requires adherence, particularly to endothelial cells, which in turn are stimulated to ex ...200011204170
rflp analysis reveals marked geographical isolation between strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) was performed on 32 isolates of the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis from geographically separated regions of south america. the use of hinfi and hincii gave clear rflp patterns, for which high discriminatory indices could be calculated. computational analysis of the rflp patterns for the 32 isolates suggested that at least five groups of strains existed, each of which was geographically distinct and corresponded closely with present ...200011204881
polymorphism in the gene coding for the immunodominant antigen gp43 from the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the gp43 glycoprotein is an immune-dominant antigen in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). it is protective against murine pcm and is a putative virulence factor. the gp43 gene of paracoccidioides brasiliensis b-339 is located in a 1,329-bp dna fragment that includes two exons, a 78-bp intron, and a leader peptide-coding region of 105 bp. polymorphism in gp43 has been suggested by the occurrence, in the same isolate or among different fungal samples, of isoforms with distinct isoelectric ...200011060052
mycoses associated with aids in the third world.despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the epidemiological status of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is far from under control in most of the developing world. sub-saharan africa, southeast asia and india show increased rates of new infections. in latin america and the caribbean there were 1.6 million estimated cases of hiv-infected patients at the end of 1997. fungal diseases have been one of the most relevant diagnoses in relation to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrom ...200011204155
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