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cytochemistry of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. i. cytochemistry of cytoplasmic polysaccharides in yeast form cultures with light microscope. 196414200756
an adaptation of the microscopic fluorescence technique for the identification of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 196414217017
blastomyces (paracoccidioides) brasiliensis in africa. 196414264391
specific fluorescein-labeled antiglobulins for the yeast form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 196514270455
transformation of mycelial and yeast forms of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in cultures and in experimental inoculations.carbonell, luis m. (instituto venezolano de investigaciones científicas, caracas, venezuela), and joaquín rodríguez. transformation of mycelial and yeast forms of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in cultures and in experimental inoculations. j. bacteriol. 90:504-510. 1965.-experimental transformations of mycelial to yeast and yeast to mycelial forms in culture, and mycelial to yeast forms in tissue, were studied. all the transitional forms that appeared in culture were also seen in tissue, but in f ...196514329466
[study on the value of antigens of histoplasma capsulatum and of paracoccidioides brasiliensis for the serodiagnosis of these mycoses]. 196014468180
characterization of gp70 and anti-gp70 monoclonal antibodies in paracoccidioides brasiliensis pathogenesis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic granulomatous mycosis whose agent is paracoccidioides brasiliensis. in the culture supernatant, the fungus expresses glycoproteins of from 13 to 148 kda. a cell surface glycoprotein of 43 kda is the major antigenic component of p. brasiliensis. another expressed glycoprotein, gp70, is recognized by 96% of sera from pcm patients and is able to induce lymphoproliferation. since, little is known about this glycoprotein, we produced monoclonal antibodies (m ...200314573675
oral manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis. report of 21 cases from argentina.the present study describes 21 argentinian patients living in the province of corrientes, who had developed oral manifestations due to paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection. of these, 20 patients were men and one a woman. patients were of an average age of 39 years (range 25 to 72 years). approximately, 76.2% of the patients were farmers. gingival lesions were observed in 76%. also, the tongue (71%) and the lips (62%) were frequently affected. cytological smears and histopathology showed the c ...200314622391
paracoccidioides brasiliensis exoantigens: recognition by igg from patients with different clinical forms of paracoccidioidomycosis.serum antibodies against antigens of paracoccidioides brasiliensis have been one of the major diagnostic indicators of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). in the present study, released antigen preparations (exoag) obtained from p. brasiliensis isolates were characterized in terms of their protein components electrophoretically detectable and recognizable by sera (igg) of patients. among five different isolates (dgo, c-9, bat, pb-18 and b-339) the electrophoretic profiles of exoag varied greatly. a to ...200314623016
[peripleuritis due to paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a patient with aids]. 200314628653
production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during the early stages of experimental paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in both recruitment and activation of leukocytes migrating into tissues in response to invading pathogens. in this study the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, determined by elisa assays, and the recruitment of leukocytes into the lungs of balb/c mice infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia were evaluated during the early stages of infection. the results showed that infected mice had a significant increase in leukocytes in the ...200314653515
immunity and hypersensitivity to gp43 antigen in susceptible and resistant mice infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis.pathogenic mechanisms underlying paracoccidioidomycosis are still poorly understood. a well-established murine model of resistance (mouse lineage a/sn) and susceptibility (lineage b10.a) to p. brasiliensis pulmonary infection was here employed to compare immune response to gp43, the major antigenic component of the fungus. mice were infected and their cellular and humoral immunity to gp43 were investigated for up to 16 weeks. in both mouse strains, challenge with gp43 indistinguishably evoked a ...200314653519
comparison of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions and pbgp43 genes of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from patients and armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus).paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates from 10 nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) were comparable with 19 clinical isolates by sequence analysis of the pbgp43 gene and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) and its2 and by random amplified polymorphic dna. in this original its study, eight isolates differed by one or three sites among five total substitution sites.200314662970
protective immunity induced in mice by f0 and fii antigens purified from paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes a chronic granulomatous mycosis prevalent in south america, and cell-mediated immunity represents the principal mode of protection against this fungal infection. we investigated whether immunization with p. brasiliensis antigens fractionated by anionic chromatography on fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) could elicit protective immunity. balb/c mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection of either 10 microg fractions 0 (f0), ii (fii) or iii (fiii) in ...200414670331
evaluation of bronchoalveolar cells in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis.to investigate the local immune response, the cellular infiltrate and cytokine levels were analysed in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) from patients with pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis. the group consisted of 19 patients aged 34-65 yrs. the diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of the fungus in the sputum or bal fluid and by serological tests. cytospin preparations showed an increased number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in bal. a higher number of cd8+ lymphocytes were observed in bal compare ...200314680075
central nervous system paracoccidioidomycosis: clinical features and laboratorial findings.to study prospectively the clinical features and laboratorial characteristics of 24 patients with central nervous system (cns) involvement with paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). pcm is an infectious disease caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, endemic in subtropical areas of central and south america.200414720496
synthesis and immunological activity of a branched peptide carrying the t-cell epitope of gp43, the major exocellular antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the 43 kda glycoprotein (gp43) of paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the major diagnostic antigen of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), a prevalent fungal infection in south america. a 15-mer sequence from gp43, denominated p10, induced t-cd4+ t helper 1 cellular immune responses in mice of three different haplotypes and protected against intratracheal challenge by a virulent isolate of p. brasiliensis. in an attempt to improve delivery of p10, a promiscuous antigen also presented by human leucocyte an ...200414723622
simplified method for producing paracoccidioides brasiliensis exoantigens for use in immunodiffusion tests.a simplified method to produce paracoccidioides brasiliensis exoantigens for immunodiffusion testing is proposed. it uses technology accessible for small laboratories with few resources in latin america, where paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic. this procedure may replace the more complex procedure, originally proposed by camargo et al. in 1988, that is currently commonly used. it is based on the production of exoantigen by p. brasiliensis isolate b339, a good secretor of the characteristic 43000 ...200314725330
ptx3 function as an opsonin for the dectin-1-dependent internalization of zymosan by macrophages.pentraxin 3 (ptx3) is a tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1beta-stimulated gene that encodes a long ptx with proinflammatory activity. here, we show that peritoneal macrophages derived from ptx3 transgenic (tg) mice express higher levels of ptx3 mrna than macrophages from wild-type (wt) mice, at basal level as well as upon stimulation with zymosan (zy). macrophages from tg mice also showed improved opsonin-independent phagocytosis of zy particles and the yeast form of the fungus paracoccidio ...200414726497
chemical composition and microbicidal activity of extracts from brazilian and bulgarian propolis.the chemical composition of ethanol extracts from a brazilian (et-bra) and a bulgarian (et-blg) propolis, and their activity against the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi, several fungi and bacteria species were determined.200414746537
monofunctional catalase p of paracoccidioides brasiliensis: identification, characterization, molecular cloning and expression analysis.within the context of studies on genes from paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) potentially associated with fungus-host interaction, we isolated a 61 kda protein, pi 6.2, that was reactive with sera of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. this protein was identified as a peroxisomal catalase. a complete cdna encoding this catalase was isolated from a pb cdna library and was designated pbcatp. the cdna contained a 1509 bp orf containing 502 amino acids, whose molecular mass was 57 kda, with a pi ...200414755642
[morphology and mechanism of multiplication of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in its parasitic form, studied by the silver carbonate method]. 195014771552
[saprophytic aspects of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides cerebriformis]. 195114894797
cloning and expression analysis of the ornithine decarboxylase gene (pbrodc) of the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.we describe the isolation and sequencing of pbrodc, the gene encoding ornithine decarboxylase (odc) in paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the gene contains a single open reading frame made of 1413 bp with a single intron (72 bp), and encodes a 447 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 50.0 kda, an isoelectric point of 4.9 and a high similarity to other fungal ornithine decarboxylases. functionality of the gene was demonstrated by transformation into a saccharomyces cerevisiae o ...200414968427
molecular cloning and characterization of two hsp 70 homologous genes from the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic fungus, is the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), one of the most important systemic mycosis in latin america. two genes (2.2 and 1db5) were cloned, characterized and sequenced; they showed homology with members of hsp70 gene family. by using several probe fragments derived from these genes, levels of expression for each gene were determined by northern blot during transition to the yeast phase. the highest level of hsp70 transcript occurr ...200314968921
viability of yeast form cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis after sonication.to perform in-vitro studies with paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells it is necessary to avoid the presence of clumps of cells while maintaining their integrity. because of the multiple budding type of growth, the bud cells are always attached to the mother cell and the yeast cells keep growing, resulting in the formation of large clumps. in order to obtain free cells, the cultures are usually sonicated. the present study shows that sonication induces lesions in a significant number of cell ...200414982113
isolation of the chs4 gene of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and its accommodation in a new class of chitin synthases.the nucleotide sequence of a chitin synthase gene (pbrchs4) of the dimorphic fungal human pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been determined. a homology search with the deduced amino acid sequence of pbrchs4 (1744 aa) reveals the presence of two distinct domains, an n-terminal domain showing up to 30% homology to myosin motor-like domains and a c-terminal domain with up to 68% homology to chitin synthases, as has been reported for some class v chitin synthases. however, unlike class v ch ...200414982114
absence of interleukin-4 determines less severe pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis associated with impaired th2 response.host resistance to paracoccidiodomycosis, the main deep mycosis in latin america, is mainly due to cellular immunity and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production. to assess the role of interleukin-4 (il-4), a th2-inducing cytokine, pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis was studied in il-4-deficient (il-4(-/-)) and wild-type (wt) c57bl/6 mice at the innate and acquired phases of immune response. forty-eight hours after infection, equivalent numbers of viable paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells we ...200415039362
pbhyd1 and pbhyd2: two mycelium-specific hydrophobin genes from the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, is a dimorphic fungus which is found as mycelia (m) at 26 degrees c and as yeasts (y) at 37 degrees c, or after the invasion of host tissues. although the dimorphic transition in p. brasiliensis and other dimorphic fungi is an essential step in the establishment of infection, the molecular events regulating this process are yet poorly understood. since the differential gene expression is a well-known mechanism which pl ...200415050540
oral paracoccidioidomycosis or squamous cell carcinoma?paracoccidioidomycosis is a deep, systemic, and progressive mycosis caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis. oral lesions normally are multiples with a mulberry-like appearance. this article reviews an unusual case involving a chronic, solitary, and ulcerated lesion whose clinical aspects were similar to squamous cell carcinoma. viewed microscopically, the lesion showed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and non-necrotizing granulomas. the patient was treated with systemic ketoconazole. over the ...200415055671
fatal disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis in a two-year-old child.a two year-old female child was admitted at the pediatric intensive care unit in a septic shock associated with a lymphoproliferative syndrome, with history of fever, adynamia and weight loss during the last two months. on admission, the main clinical and laboratory manifestations were: pallor, jaundice, disseminated enlarged lymph nodes, hepatosplenomegaly, crusted warts on face, anemia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, increased direct and indirect bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gammaglut ...200415057333
detection of gp43 of paracoccidioides brasiliensis by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method.paracoccidioidomycosis is a deep mycosis caused by the thermo-dependent dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis and is prevalent in latin american countries. we detected the species specific gp43 gene of p. brasiliensis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) in 22 clinical and seven armadillo-derived isolates. the amplified dna appeared as a ladder with a specific banding pattern. the advantage of the lamp method is speed; only 3 h were necessary for identification of the organi ...200415109725
differential expression of actin modulated by temperature in mycelial and yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.we used yeast and mycelial forms of paracoccidioides brasiliensis to evaluate the effect of heat shock stress on actin expression. p. brasiliensis yeasts harvested during the exponential growth phase showed more expression of the actin mrna when incubated at 40 degrees c than when incubated at 37 degrees c, the usual temperature at which these yeasts grow. in contrast, expression of actin mrna was lower in yeasts incubated at 25 degrees c than in yeasts incubated at 37 degrees c. mycelium harves ...200415124864
identification of genes preferentially expressed in the pathogenic yeast phase of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, using suppression subtraction hybridization and differential macroarray analysis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermodimorphic fungus, is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), the most prevalent systemic mycosis in latin america. pathogenicity appears to be intimately related to the dimorphic transition from the hyphal to the yeast form, which is induced by a shift from environmental temperature to the temperature of the mammalian host. little information is available on the p. brasiliensis genes that are necessary during the pathogenic phase. we have there ...200415138890
binding of laminin to paracoccidioides brasiliensis induces a less severe pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis caused by virulent and low-virulence isolates.the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). this pulmonary mycosis, acquired by inhalation of airborne propagules, may disseminate to several internal organs and tissues, leading to severe disease. adhesion to host cell components is the first step involved in dissemination of pathogens. previous studies showed that laminin, the most abundant glycoprotein of the basement membrane, binds to p. brasiliensis yeast cells, enhancing thei ...200415158188
development of a species-specific probe for pythium insidiosum and the diagnosis of pythiosis.pythium insidiosum, the only species in the genus that infects mammals, is the etiological agent of pythiosis, a granulomatous disease characterized by cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions and vascular diseases. accurate diagnosis of pythiosis and identification of its causal agent are often inconsistent with current immunological diagnostic methods. a species-specific dna probe was constructed by using a 530-bp hinfi fragment from the ribosomal dna intergenic spacer of p. insidiosum. when the pro ...200415184412
monitoring gp43 antigenemia in paracoccidioidomycosis patients during therapy.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic fungal disease that is particularly important among individuals living and working in rural areas of endemicity in latin america. detection of anti-paracoccidioides brasiliensis antibodies is of limited value due to false-negative results. detection of p. brasiliensis-gp43 circulating antigen is a practical approach for a specific diagnosis of the disease. in a previous study we described an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay able to detect th ...200415184413
b and t cell responses elicited by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (ab2beta) mimicking gp43 from paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis endemic in latin america, with a high prevalence in brazil, argentina, colombia and venezuela. the aetiological agent of disease is the thermal dimorphic fungus, paracoccidioides brasiliensis. a glycoprotein of 43 kd (gp43) is the major antigen of p. brasiliensis. antibodies directed to this antigen are detected in the sera of all patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). recently, it has been shown that mice immunized with anti-gp43 monoclonal anti ...200415196252
in silico prediction of peptides binding to multiple hla-dr molecules accurately identifies immunodominant epitopes from gp43 of paracoccidioides brasiliensis frequently recognized in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses from sensitized individuals.one of the major drawbacks limiting the use of synthetic peptide vaccines in genetically distinct populations is the fact that different epitopes are recognized by t cells from individuals displaying distinct major histocompatibility complex molecules. immunization of mice with peptide (181-195) from the immunodominant 43 kda glycoprotein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis (gp43), the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), conferred protection against infectious challenge by the fungus. ...200315208742
dual role of interleukin-4 (il-4) in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis: endogenous il-4 can induce protection or exacerbation of disease depending on the host genetic pattern.resistance to paracoccidioidomycosis, the most important endemic mycosis in latin america, is thought to be primarily mediated by cellular immunity and the production of gamma interferon. to assess the role of interleukin-4 (il-4), a th2 cytokine, pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in il-4-depleted susceptible (b10.a) and intermediate (c57bl/6) mice was studied. two different protocols were used to neutralize endogenous il-4 in b10.a mice: 1 mg of anti-il-4 monoclonal antibody (mab)/week and 8 mg ...200415213137
down-regulation of dendritic cell activation induced by paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) endemic in latin america, is a progressive systemic mycosis caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb). the infection can evolve to different clinical forms that are associated to various degrees of suppressed cell-mediated immunity. with the recognition that dcs are able to initiate response in naïve t cells and that they also participate in th cell education, the present study was undertaken to check whether dcs interact with p. brasiliensis, as well as to elucid ...200415234542
paracoccidioidomycosis: an epidemiologic survey in a pediatric population from the brazilian amazon using skin tests.since paracoccidioides brasiliensis and histoplasma capsulatum are known to be present in similar environments, there have been many epidemiologic investigations regarding the prevalences of these two organisms. however, cross-reactivity can occur in paracoccidioidin and histoplasmin skin tests, and this usually results in the overestimation of the prevalence of p. brasiliensis. the prevalence of infection with p. brasiliensis was evaluated in a cross-sectional study of 298 asymptomatic school c ...200415238694
the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase homologue is differentially regulated in phases of paracoccidioides brasiliensis: molecular and phylogenetic analysis.glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) plays important roles in various cellular processes. here we report the sequence and analysis of a novel developmentally regulated gene and cdna (pbgadph), encoding a gapdh homologue (pbgapdh), of the pathogenic dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. we have analyzed the protein, the cdna and genomic sequences to provide insights into the structure, function, and potential regulation of pbgapdh. that pbgapdh encodes pbgapdh was demonstrat ...200415275662
molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding the paracoccidioides brasiliensis 135 ribosomal protein.a 630 bp cdna encoding an l35 ribosomal protein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, designated as pbl35, was cloned from a yeast expression library. pbl35 encodes a polypeptide of 125 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 14.5 kda and a pi of 11.0. the deduced pbl35 shows significant conservation in respect to other described ribosomal l35 proteins from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. motifs of ribosomal proteins are present in pbl35, including a bipartite nuclear localization signal (nls) t ...200415283235
molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding the n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase homologue of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.a cdna encoding the n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (nag) protein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, pb nag1, was cloned and characterized. the 2663-nucleotide sequence of the cdna consisted of a single open reading frame encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 64.73 kda and an isoeletric point of 6.35. the predicted protein includes a putative 30-amino-acid signal peptide. the protein as a whole shares considerable sequence similarity with 'classic' nag. the primary sequence of pb ...200415283239
evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo dimorphism of sporothrix schenckii, blastomyces dermatitidis, and paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates after preservation in mineral oil.morphological differentiation has commanded attention for its putative impact on the pathogenesis of invasive fungal infections. we evaluated in vitro and in vivo the dimorphism from mycelial to yeast-phase of sporothrix schenckii, blastomyces dermatitidis and paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates, two strains for each species, preserved in mineral oil. s. schenckii strains showed typical micromorphology at 25 degrees c but one strain was unable to complete the dimorphic process in vitro. after ...200415284890
a morphological and cytochemical study of the interaction between paracoccidiodes brasiliensis and neutrophils.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic granulomatous disease caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. it is the most prevalent systemic mycosis of latin america and 80% of the reported cases are from brazil. because of the great number of neutrophils found in the p. brasiliensis granuloma, studies have been done to evaluate the role of these cells during the development of the infection. scanning and transmission electron microscopy of thin sections showed that the neutrophils ...200415306047
invasion of epithelial mammalian cells by paracoccidioides brasiliensis leads to cytoskeletal rearrangement and apoptosis of the host cell.paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) yeast cells can enter mammalian cells and probably manipulate the host cell environment to favor their own growth and survival. we studied the uptake of strain pb 18 into a549 lung and vero epithelial cells, with an emphasis on the repercussions in the cytoskeleton and the apoptosis of host cells. cytoskeleton components of the host cells, such as actin and tubulin, were involved in the p. brasiliensis invasion process. cytochalasin d and colchicine treatment s ...200415310464
proteomic identification, nucleotide sequence, heterologous expression and immunological reactivity of the triosephosphate isomerase of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.an antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) was gel isolated and characterized. endoproteinase lys-c-digested peptides of the purified protein, which presented a molecular mass of 29 kda and pi of 5.8, were subjected to sequence analysis of their amino acids. searches at databases comparing the sequence of amino acids from the three peptides of the native protein revealed strong homology to triosephosphate isomerase (tpi: e.c. 5.3.1.1) from several sources. the complete cdna and gene encodi ...200415310465
[differential characteristics of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and blastomyces dermatitidis in tissues; utility of staining with best's carmine]. 195015425851
[study of the membrane of blastomyces dermatitidis and paracoccidioides brasiliensis in yeast-like cultures]. 195015425858
[nature or significance of the "steering wheel" form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis]. 195015432931
therapeutic activity of a killer peptide against experimental paracoccidioidomycosis.to evaluate whether an engineered synthetic decapeptide (kp) derived from the sequence of a recombinant anti-idiotypic antibody, that represents the internal image of a pichia anomala killer toxin, could be fungicidal in vitro and therapeutic in vivo against paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm).200415448128
in vitro antifungal activities of anidulafungin and micafungin, licensed agents and the investigational triazole posaconazole as determined by nccls methods for 12,052 fungal isolates: review of the literature.the echinocandins anidulafungin and micafungin and the triazole posaconazole are currently undergoing phase iii clinical trials. caspofungin and voriconazole have recently been licensed for the treatment of aspergillosis (both agents), other less common mould (voriconazole) and candidal (caspofungin) infections. this review summarizes the published in vitro data obtained by nccls or nccls modified methods on the in vitro fungistatic and fungicidal activities of these five agents for yeasts and m ...200315456349
central nervous system paracoccidioidomycosis: case report and review.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic infection caused by a dimorphic fungus (paracoccidioides brasiliensis). the most common lesions frequently occur in the bucopharinx mucosa. other lesions occur in the adrenal glands, liver, bone, gastrointestinal tract, lungs and nervous system. we report here a case of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis. the patient was a 49 year-old male, who consulted due to neurological symptoms (cephalalgia, speech difficulty and one tonic clonic seizure with urinary incontinen ...200415469072
detection of paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp70 circulating antigen and follow-up of patients undergoing antimycotic therapy.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), one of the most important systemic mycoses in central and south america, is caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis and has a high prevalence in brazil. glycoproteins of 43 and 70 kda are the main antigenic compounds of p. brasiliensis and are recognized by western blotting by 100 and 96% of pcm patient sera, respectively. in the present study, an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect gp70 in different biologica ...200415472297
separation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia through percoll gradients.the conidia of paracoccidioides brasiliensis are the structures most likely to serve as the infectious propagules of this fungus. this study describes our attempts to purify conidia by eliminating mycelial fragments. purification was attempted using discontinuous 95% and 60% percoll gradients with densities of 1.167 and 1.107, respectively, prepared either in 0.15 mol/l pbs or 0.25 mol/l sucrose. the best results were observed with the 95% and 90% gradients in sucrose; with the former, conidial ...200415473360
igm and igg antibody response to paracoccidioides brasiliensis in naturally infected wild armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus).we studied the extent to which wild nine-banded armadillos, dasypus novemcinctus, produce immune humoral responses specifically directed against characteristic paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens. such antibody production might reflect direct contact with the ecological microniche of p. brasiliensis, or might merely reflect inhalation of widely distributed airborne propagules. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was designed containing purified glycoprotein gp43 and gp70 antigens fro ...200415473362
canine paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a severe disease caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which is characterized by granulomatous pulmonary and systemic lesions, affecting mainly men between 20 and 60 years of age. reports of pcm disease in animals are rare, but the disease has been described in armadillos. on the other hand, pcm infection of domestic and wild animals detected by serological or cutaneous tests in the absence of apparent disease has been frequently reported. ...200415473365
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, an important mycosis endemic to latin america. as the tools to study gene function in p. brasiliensis are only in the early stage of development, there is presently no system that allows for both the delivery and integration of exogenous nucleic acids into its genome. we report in this paper the transformation of the yeast phase of p. brasiliensis (atcc-60855) with agrobacterium tumefaciens (gv3101) carrying the vect ...200415473367
paracoccidioidomycosis in a woman with idiopathic hirsutism.paracoccidioidomycosis, especially the chronic pulmonary form of the disease, is not commonly described in females. data from in vitro and vivo studies support the hypothesis that estrogens might influence the pathogenesis of paracoccidioidomycosis in humans by inhibition of transition of conidia or mycelia to yeast form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the authors describe a chronic progressive pulmonary form of paracoccidioidomycosis in a woman with idiopathic hirsutism. in addition to estrog ...200415487322
paracoccidioidomycosis in organ transplant recipient: case report.paracoccidioidomycosis is a common disease in latin america but it is rare in organ transplant recipient patients. we report on a case of such mycosis in a renal transplant recipient. the patient presented with a large lung cavity on the left lower lobe, a rare radiological presentation of paracoccidioidomycosis. unusual clinical and radiological manifestations of paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection can occur in immunocompromised patients.200415517034
detection and selection of microsatellites in the genome of paracoccidioides brasiliensis as molecular markers for clinical and epidemiological studies.paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermodimorphic fungus, is the causative agent of the prevalent systemic mycosis in latin america, paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). here, we describe the microsatellite patterns observed in a collection of p. brasiliensis random sequence tags. we identified 1,117 microsatellite patterns in about 3.8 mb of unique sequences (0.47% of the total dna used in the analysis). the majority of these microsatellites (87.5%) are found in noncoding sequences. we used two polymor ...200415528688
modulation of cd28 and cd86 expression in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis in different periods of treatment.paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermo-dimorphic fungus, is the ethiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). the recidive is the greatest obstacle of this disease, because the yeast usually returns after the long treatment period. in the present work, we have investigated the cellular immune response of cells from peripheral blood drawn from patients with different duration of pcm. the classification of patients ranged from nontreated to those with long-standing disease over 5 years. unsti ...200415541043
paracoccidioides brasiliensis presents two different cdnas encoding homologues of the fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase: protein isolation, cloning of the cdnas and genes, structural, phylogenetic, and expression analysis.a proteomic approach was used to identify a 39 kda antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. amino acid sequences of the n-terminal and of endoproteinase lys-c digested peptides revealed the protein to be a fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase (fba) class ii of p. brasiliensis. two cdna homologues, pbfba1 and pbfba2, were cloned and characterized. pbfba1 encoded a predicted polypeptide of 360 amino acids that was highly homologous in the primary structure to the same enzyme from fungi and bacteria. ...200515588996
chronic paracoccidioidomycosis in a female patient in austria.presented here is a case of chronic paracoccidioidomycosis that occurred in a cuban female living in austria and was first misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. the clinical picture was one of progressive pulmonary insufficiency with fever, weight loss and productive cough. since antituberculous therapy was started but did not achieve a long-term clinical response, an intensive diagnostic work-up was performed. paracoccidioides brasiliensis was then diagnosed by histopathology, serology, microbiology an ...200415599655
preventative and therapeutic vaccines for fungal infections: from concept to implementation.many challenges confront the development of fungal vaccines for humans including differences in host susceptibility, varied pathogenic mechanisms employed by the different species of fungi and mechanisms of host resistance. hence, no single antigen can be expected to serve as a pan fungal vaccine. instead, it is likely that progress for fungal vaccines will have to be made at the level of each individual organism. in recent years, tremendous strides have been made in understanding the immunopath ...200415606355
central nervous system paracoccidioidomycosis: diagnosis and treatment.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic mycosis caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the involvement of the central nervous system (cns) in paracoccidioidomycosis is higher than previously thought and 2 clinical presentations have been reported, meningitis and pseudotumoral.200515629337
variable gp43 secretion by paracoccidioides brasiliensis clones obtained by two different culture methods.the main objectives of this study were to obtain clones of paracoccidioides brasiliensis by two methods (micromanipulation and plating assay) and to determine if the secretion of the 43-kda glycoprotein (gp43) is dependent on the clonal culture. the results show that the secretion of gp43 is not dependent on clonal cultures. clones that originally were secretors of this molecule, after subculturing, lost this characteristic; on the other hand, clones that originally did not secrete gp43 began to ...200515635024
short report: inhibition by tumor necrosis factor-alpha-activated macrophages of the transition of paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia to yeast cells through a mechanism independent of nitric oxide.it is known that peritoneal murine macrophages activated with interferon-gamma exert a fungicidal effect against paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia by a nitric oxide (no)-mediated mechanism. this no-mediated effect can also be induced by other cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha). the aim of this study was to determine if tnf-alpha-activated peritoneal murine macrophages infected with p. brasiliensis were able to show fungistatic/fungicidal effects mediated by no. the res ...200415642978
immune response in dogs experimentally infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the immune response of young dogs experimentally infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis. six dogs were infected intravenously with p. brasiliensis and one control dog was inoculated with sterile saline. the infected animals were sacrificed in groups of two at 1, 6 and 12 months after infection. during the experimental period, the immune responses of the dogs to the fungus were followed by elisa (igm and igg), by the immunodiffusion test and by th ...200415682644
the antigenic and catalytically active formamidase of paracoccidioides brasiliensis: protein characterization, cdna and gene cloning, heterologous expression and functional analysis of the recombinant protein.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a well-characterized pathogen of humans. to identify proteins involved in the fungus-host interaction, p. brasiliensis yeast proteins were separated by liquid isoelectric focusing, and fractions were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. immunoreactive bands were detected with pooled sera of patients with p. brasiliensis infection. a protein species with a molecular mass of 45 kda was subsequently purifi ...200415716068
virulence of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and gp43 expression in isolates bearing known pbgp43 genotype.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the dimorphic fungus responsible for human paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). we previously observed that p. brasiliensis isolates bearing highly polymorphic pbgp43 of genotype a (pb2, pb3 and pb4) were phylogenetically distant from the others. the pbgp43 gene encodes an immune dominant diagnostic antigen (gp43), and its polymorphism reflects broader genetic diversity in the species. in the present study, we observed that isolates with pbgp43 of genotype a showed low ...200415716071
purification and partial characterization of a paracoccidioides brasiliensis protein with capacity to bind to extracellular matrix proteins.microorganisms adhere to extracellular matrix proteins by means of their own surface molecules. paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia have been shown to be capable of interacting with extracellular matrix proteins. we aimed at determining the presence of fungal proteins that could interact with extracellular matrix protein and, if found, attempt their purification and characterization. various extracts were prepared from p. brasiliensis mycelial and yeast cultures (total homogenates, beta-mercap ...200515784595
pharmacological management of paracoccidioidomycosis.a systemic and endemic emerging mycosis in latin america, paracoccidioidomycosis, is characterised by its chronicity and by the severity of the disseminated form in healthy individuals, as well as in immunocompromised individuals co-infected with hiv, resulting, in the latter, in a mortality rate in the range of 30 - 45%. the long (several years) duration of treatment results from the immunosuppression induced by the disease or from the survival capacity of the fungus in tissue. a few controlled ...200515794730
[cutaneous-mucosal paracoccidio-domycosis: the first case diagnosed in french guiana].paracoccidio-domycosisis a deep mycosis due to a dimorphic fungus:paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the principle endemic country is brazil. we describe the first case of paracoccidio-domycosis, in its cutaneous-mucosal form, diagnosed in french guiana.200515798564
the highly expressed yeast gene pby20 from paracoccidioides brasiliensis encodes a flavodoxin-like protein.a gene encoding the entire highly expressed protein previously identified in the proteome of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells as pby20 has been isolated. the pby20 sequence reveals an open reading frame of 1364bp and a deduced amino acid sequence of 203 residues, which shows high identity to benzoquinone reductase from phanerochaete chrysosporium (72.0%), saccharomyces cerevisiae ycp4 (65%), and schizosaccharomyces pombe p25 (59%), and to allergens from alternaria alternata alt a7 (70%) ...200515809007
[paracoccidioidomycosis epidemiological survey using gp43, in two cities of northwestern region of paraná, brazil].an epidemiological survey was performed in 118 workers from northwestern paraná state using gp43 as antigen, the positivity was 43%. this result, plus the weather conditions, which are favorable for fungus development, underscores that this region is an endemic area for paracoccidioidomycosis and is a reservoir of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.200515821799
alpha-galf i -->6-alpha-mannopyranoside side chains in paracoccidioides brasiliensis cell wall are shared by members of the onygenales, but not by galactomannans of other fungal genera.the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of the cell wall alkali extract (f1ss) from the mycelial phase of the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis is compared with f1ss polysaccharides obtained from the onygenalean mycelial fungi ascocalvatia alveolata, onygena equina and aphanoascus terreus. these polymers were exclusively composed of mannose and galactose. data from methylation and nmr analyses reveal that f1ss polysaccharides from the four fungi contain the same residues although ...200515832558
transcriptional profiles of the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mycelium and yeast cells.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease that affects 10 million individuals in latin america. this report depicts the results of the analysis of 6,022 assembled groups from mycelium and yeast phase expressed sequence tags, covering about 80% of the estimated genome of this dimorphic, thermo-regulated fungus. the data provide a comprehensive view of the fungal metabolism, including overexpressed transcripts, stage-specific genes, and also those th ...200515849188
expression of adhesion molecules in lungs of mice infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia.in infected tissues, leukocyte recruitment is mediated by interactions between adhesion molecules, expressed on activated vascular endothelial cells, and ligands present on circulating cells. we evaluated the inflammatory response and the expression of cellular adhesion molecules (icam-1, vcam-1, cd18, lfa-1 and mac-1) in lungs of balb/c mice infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia. when compared with uninfected animals, infected mice had a significant increase in the inflammatory re ...200515857804
isolation and partial characterization of a 30 kda adhesin from paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the virulence of paracoccidioides brasiliensis can be attenuated or lost after long periods of repeated subculturing and reestablished after animal inoculation. only one adhesin (gp43) has been described until now, among the various identified components of p. brasiliensis, and gp43 shows adhesion to laminin. thus, the present study was designed to isolate and characterize factors putatively related to the capacity of this fungus to adhere to the host by comparing p. brasiliensis samples, taken ...200515862780
identification of immunogenic proteins from paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigenic fractions f0, fii and fiii.paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes a chronic granulomatous mycosis prevalent in south america, and cell-mediated immunity is the principal mode of protection against this fungal infection. in this context, one of the strategies to discover proteins that are target of an effective immune response against p. brasiliensis is the partial sequencing of cdna from an expression library previously screened with immunoglobulins (ig) to generate antigen sequence tags (ast). in the present work, a p. bra ...200515904973
[infection by paracoccidioides brasiliensis in an immigrant from venezuela]. 200515960947
glutathione-dependent extracellular ferric reductase activities in dimorphic zoopathogenic fungi.in this study, extracellular glutathione-dependent ferric reductase (gsh-fer) activities in different dimorphic zoopathogenic fungal species were characterized. supernatants from blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis and sporothrix schenckii strains grown in their yeast form were able to reduce iron enzymically with glutathione as a cofactor. some variations in the level of reduction were noted amongst the strains. this activity was stable in acidic, neu ...200516000713
the naked-tailed armadillo cabassous centralis (miller 1899): a new host to paracoccidioides brasiliensis. molecular identification of the isolate.the natural habitat of paracoccidioides brasiliensis remains undefined but the repeated demonstration of infection by this fungus in the nine-banded armadillo dasypus novemcinctus has opened interesting research avenues. we report here the isolation of this fungus from the spleen of a naked-tailed armadillo cabassous centralis (miller 1899) captured in a coffee farm localized in the colombian endemic area for paracoccidioidomycosis. this particular isolate was identified by its dimorphism and al ...200516010854
analysis of the genetic polymorphism of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides cerebriformis "moore" by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and 28s ribosomal dna sequencing--paracoccidioides cerebriformis revisited.our purpose was to compare the genetic polymorphism of six samples of p. brasiliensis (113, 339, bat, t1f1, t3b6, t5ln1), with four samples of p. cerebriformis (735, 741, 750, 361) from the mycological laboratory of the instituto de medicina tropical de são paulo, using random amplified polymorphic dna analysis (rapd). rapd profiles clearly segregated p. brasiliensis and p. cerebriformis isolates. however, the variation on band patterns among p. cerebriformis isolates was high. sequencing of the ...200516021283
paracoccidioides brasiliensis disseminated disease in a patient with inherited deficiency in the beta1 subunit of the interleukin (il)-12/il-23 receptor.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a facultative intracellular dimorphic fungus that causes paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), the most important deep mycosis in latin america. only a small percentage of individuals infected by p. brasiliensis develop clinical pcm, possibly in part because of genetically determined interindividual variability of host immunity. however, no primary immunodeficiency has ever been associated with pcm.200516028144
cloning and functional analysis of the orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase gene (pbrura3) of the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.a genomic clone encoding the paracoccidioides brasiliensis orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase gene (pbrura3) was isolated by screening a subgenomic plasmid dna library of this fungus, using a pcr amplification product of the gene as a probe. sequence analysis revealed that the gene contains an open reading frame of 855 bp with a single intron (162 bp), and encodes a putative 285 amino acids polypeptide of estimated molecular weight 31.1 kda and isoelectric point 6.5. the deduced amino acid se ...200516034822
major histocompatibility complex and central nervous system involvement by paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease, whose etiologic agent is the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the central nervous system (cns) involvement with paracoccidioidomycosis (npcm) occurs more frequently than has been admitted in the past. there are some major histocompatibility complex antigen association studies with systemic paracoccidioidomycosis. some indicate a positive association with hla antigens, but there is no study with the involvement of th ...200516038765
functional genome of the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic and thermo-regulated fungus which is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, an endemic disease widespread in latin america. pathogenicity is assumed to be a consequence of the cellular differentiation process that this fungus undergoes from mycelium to yeast cells during human infection. in an effort to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in this process a network of brazilian laboratories carried out a transcriptome project for both c ...200516061364
comparative analysis of the cdna encoding a clpa homologue of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.a cdna encoding a chaperone clpa homologue of paracoccidioides brasiliensis was isolated and characterized. the clpa belongs to a group of clpatpases proteins, which are highly conserved, and include several heat inducible molecular chaperones. in this study, a 2879 bp cdna designated as pbclpa was obtained which encodes a predicted protein of 927 amino acids. characteristic consensus motifs of the clpatpases family are present. the pbclpa middle region was compared to other related clpa and clp ...200516080393
molecular model for studying the uncultivated fungal pathogen lacazia loboi.lacazia loboi is an uncultivated fungal pathogen of humans and dolphins that causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infections only in the tropical areas of the americas. it was recently found by phylogenetic analysis that this unusual pathogen is closely related to paracoccidioides brasiliensis and to the other fungal dimorphic members of the order onygenales. that original phylogenetic study used universal primers to amplify well-known genes. however, this approach cannot be applied to the study of ...200516081893
primers for clinical detection of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.from a 0.72-kb fragment universally generated in paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains, primers were designed and tested on genomic dna of this and other pathogenic fungi. they were specific and highly sensitive for p. brasiliensis dna. positive results were obtained when these were tested in clinical samples.200516081993
[hypercalcemia and multiple osteolytic lesions in a child with disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis and pulmonary tuberculosis].to describe the case of a child with paracoccidioidomycosis who presented hypercalcemia with multiple osteolytic lesions.200516106322
bioinformatics of the paracoccidioides brasiliensis est project.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, an endemic mycosis of latin america. this fungus presents a dimorphic character; it grows as a mycelium at room temperature, but it is isolated as yeast from infected individuals. it is believed that the transition from mycelium to yeast is important for the infective process. the functional and differential genome of paracoccidioides brasiliensis project--pbgenome project was developed to study the infection proce ...200516110442
cell signaling pathways in paracoccidioides brasiliensis--inferred from comparisons with other fungi.the human fungal pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis is an ascomycete that displays a temperature-dependent dimorphic transition, appearing as a mycelium at 22 degrees c and as a yeast at 37 degrees c, this latter being the virulent form. we report on the in silico search made of the p. brasiliensis transcriptome-expressed sequence tag database for components of signaling pathways previously known to be involved in morphogenesis and virulence in other species of fungi, including saccharomyces ...200516110443
cell cycle, dna replication, repair, and recombination in the dimorphic human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.dna replication, together with repair mechanisms and cell cycle control, are the most important cellular processes necessary to maintain correct transfer of genetic information to the progeny. these processes are well conserved throughout the eukarya, and the genes that are involved provide essential information for understanding the life cycle of an organism. we used computational tools for data mining of genes involved in these processes in the pathogenic fungus paracoccidiodes brasiliensis. d ...200516110444
paracoccidioides brasiliensis rna biogenesis apparatus revealed by functional genome analysis.the rna biogenesis machinery of paracoccidioides brasiliensis was assessed by comparative analyses of pbaests (p. brasiliensis assembled expressed sequence tags (ests)) with sequences from saccharomyces cerevisiae mips database. pbaests related to almost all categories of s. cerevisiae rna biogenesis were found. two of the 12 s. cerevisiae rna pol ii core subunits, rpb3 and rpb7, were found, probably reflecting the growth phase from which the cdna libraries used in ests generation were construct ...200516110445
paracoccidioides brasiliensis translation and protein fate machineries revealed by functional genome analysis.the translational and post-translational modification machineries of paracoccidioides brasiliensis were assessed by means of comparative analyses of pbaests (p. brasiliensis assembled expressed sequence tags) with sequences deposited on different databases. of the 79 sequences corresponding to cytosolic ribosomal proteins, we were able to find 78 in the p. brasiliensis transcriptome. nineteen of the 27 saccharomyces cerevisiae genes related to translation initiation were also found. all eukaryot ...200516110446
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