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dacryostenosis due to paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a patient with an unnoted hiv-1 infection. 201323931481
tridimensional ultrastructure and glycolipid pattern studies of trypanosoma dionisii.trypanosoma (schizotrypanum) dionisii is a non-pathogenic bat trypanosome closely related to trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chaga's disease. both kinetoplastids present similar morphological stages and are able to infect mammalian cells in culture. in the present study we examined 3d ultrastructure aspects of the two species by serial sectioning epimastigote and trypomastigote forms, and identified common carbohydrate epitopes expressed in t. dionisii, t. cruzi and leishmania major. ...201323933185
tlr9 activation dampens the early inflammatory response to paracoccidioides brasiliensis, impacting host survival.paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most prevalent systemic mycosis in latin america. thus, understanding the characteristics of the protective immune response to p. brasiliensis is of interest, as it may reveal targets for disease control. the initiation of the immune response relies on the activation of pattern recognition receptors, among which are tlrs. both tlr2 and tlr4 have been implicated in the recognition of p. brasiliensis and regulation of the immu ...201323936560
tnf-α and cd8+ t cells mediate the beneficial effects of nitric oxide synthase-2 deficiency in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis.nitric oxide (no), a key antimicrobial molecule, was previously shown to exert a dual role in paracoccidioidomycosis, an endemic fungal infection in latin america. in the intravenous and peritoneal models of infection, no production was associated with efficient fungal clearance but also with non-organized granulomatous lesions. because paracoccidioidomycosis is a pulmonary infection, we aimed to characterize the role of no in a pulmonary model of infection.201323936574
the pivotal role of 5-lipoxygenase-derived ltb4 in controlling pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis.leukotrienes (lts) produced from arachidonic acid by the action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-lo) are classical mediators of inflammatory responses. however, studies published in the literature regarding these mediators are contradictory and it remains uncertain whether these lipid mediators play a role in host defense against the fungal pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis. to determine the involvement of lts in the host response to pulmonary infection, wild-type and lt-deficient mice by targeted disr ...201323991239
paracoccidioides brasiliensis and p. lutzii antigens elicit different serum igg responses in chronic paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic mycosis caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis (s1, ps2, and ps3) and by the new species, p. lutzii. considering that genetic differences in the paracoccidioides genus could elicit distinct immune responses by the host, current research investigated serum igg levels to antigens from p. brasiliensis b339 (s1), p. brasiliensis ldr3 (ps2), and atypical strain ldr2 (p. lutzii), in patients with chronic pcm from the northern and west regions of p ...201324005606
paracoccidioidomycosis: eco-epidemiology, taxonomy and clinical and therapeutic issues.acquired by inhalation of the thermal dimorphic fungi paracoccidioides spp. conidia, paracoccidioidomycosis ranges from symptomatic to severe and potentially fatal disseminated disease. the main focus of this review is to highlight clinical aspects of paracoccidioidomycosis and, its pathogens' diversity ecology and particularities. in addition, we present strategies for therapy, including dna vaccines and nanostructured drugs. molecular and morphological data supported the split of the paracocci ...201324020744
mimicry epitope from ehrlichia canis for interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein 201-216 prevents autoimmune uveoretinitis by acting as altered peptide ligand.we report here identification of novel mimicry epitopes for interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (irbp) 201-216, a candidate ocular antigen that causes experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (eau) in a/j mice. one mimicry epitope from ehrlichia canis (ehc), designated ehc 44-59, induced cross-reactive t cells for irbp 201-216 capable of producing t helper (th)1 and th17 cytokines, but failed to induce eau in a/j mice. in addition, animals first primed with suboptimal doses of irbp 201-216 ...201324029580
activation of the alternative complement pathway in canine normal serum by paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a human granulomatous disease. recently the first case of natural disease in dogs was reported. the complement system is an important effector component of humoral immunity against infectious agents. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activation of the dog alternative complement pathway by p. brasiliensis. initially, the ability of erythrocytes of guinea pig, rabbit, sheep, ch ...200924031350
ribosomal dna nanoprobes studied by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.paracoccidioides brasiliensis (p. brasiliensis) is a thermo-dimorphic fungus that causes paracoccidioidomycosis. brazil epidemiological data shows that endemic areas are the subtropical regions, especially where agricultural activities predominate such as the southeast, south, and midwest. there are several tests to diagnose paracoccidioidomycosis, but they have many limitations such as low sensitivity, high cost, and a cross-reacting problem. in this work, gold nanoprobes were used to identify ...201424036304
phospholipase gene expression during paracoccidioides brasiliensis morphological transition and infection.phospholipase is an important virulence factor for pathogenic fungi. in this study, we demonstrate the following: (i) the paracoccidioides brasiliensis pld gene is preferentially expressed in mycelium cells, (ii) the plb1 gene is mostly up-regulated by infection after 6 h of co-infection of mh-s cells or during balb/c mice lung infection, (iii) during lung infection, plb1, plc and pld gene expression are significantly increased 6-48 h post-infection compared to 56 days after infection, strongly ...201324037207
pancreatic paracoccidioidomycosis simulating malignant neoplasia: case report.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic granulomatous disease caused by fungus, and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of intra-abdominal tumors in endemic areas. we report a rare case of paracoccidioidomycosis in the pancreas. a 45-year-old man was referred to our institution with a 2-mo history of epigastric abdominal pain that was not diet-related, with night sweating, inappetence, weight loss, jaundice, pruritus, choluria, and acholic feces, without signs of sepsis or palpable tum ...201324039371
regulatory t cells in cutaneous lesions of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, with high incidence in brazil and very significant in latin america. the disease is clinically classified as acute, subacute or chronic where the primary lesion initiates in the lungs and can spread to other organs such as the skin and mucous membranes. the lesions are characterized by granulomatous formation, organized according to the type of pattern of host immune response. we demo ...201324107311
paracoccidioides brasiliensis pbp27 gene: knockdown procedures and functional characterization.paracoccidioides brasiliensis pbp27 gene encodes a protein localized in both the fungal cytoplasm and cell wall. the parasitic infectious form produces this protein preferentially with the gene's expression varying between the fungus phylogenetic species. the biological function of the native p27 has yet to be determined during either growth of the yeast or host infection. therefore, in this study, through the use of antisense rna technology and agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, ...201424118983
paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus).the objective of this study was to evaluate the infection of domestic rabbits by paracoccidioides brasiliensis. initially two rabbits were experimentally infected with p. brasiliensis and the humoral immune response was evaluated by elisa using gp43 as antigen. the two animals showed igg response against gp43 although no signs of disease were observed. the seroepidemiological study was carried out in 170 rabbits (free range n = 81 and caged n = 89) living in an endemic area for human paracoccidi ...201424125519
the left lung is preferentially targeted during experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in c57bl/6 mice.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a chronic systemic mycosis caused by the inhalation of the thermally dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis as well as the recently described p. lutzii. because the primary infection occurs in the lungs, we investigated the differential involvement of the right and left lungs in experimental p. brasiliensis infection. lungs were collected from c57bl/6 mice at 70 days after intravenous infection with 1×106 yeast cells of a virulent strain of p. brasiliensis ...201324141611
disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis with a single brainstem lesion. a case report and literature review.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic disease endemic to subtropical areas in central and south america caused by a dimorphic fungus known as paracoccidioides brasiliensis. central nervous system involvement is a severe complication of the systemic disease, and has been found in approximately 13% of patients. this paper describes the case of a patient whose computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a single tumor-like lesion in the brainstem. histopathological and mycological ...201024148639
α-(1,4)-amylase, but not α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases, may be responsible for the impaired growth and morphogenesis of paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced by n-glycosylation inhibition.the cell wall of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which consists of a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. we have previously reported that n-glycosylation of proteins such as n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase is required for the growth and morphogenesis of p. brasiliensis. in the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (tm)-mediated inhibition of n-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in p. brasilien ...201424155051
neutrophils in oral paracoccidioidomycosis and the involvement of nrf2.neutrophils have been implicated in granuloma formation in several infectious diseases, in addition to their main phagocytic and pathogen destruction role. it has been demonstrated that nrf2 regulates antioxidant protection in neutrophils, attenuating inflammation without compromising the hosts bacterial defense. in this study, we analyzed the presence of neutrophils in paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycosis (pcm), as well as the immunoexpression of nrf2. thirty-nine cases of oral pcm were classi ...201324204715
in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis il-10 deficiency leads to increased immunity and regressive infection without enhancing tissue pathology.cellular immunity is the main defense mechanism in paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), the most important systemic mycosis in latin america. th1 immunity and ifn-γ activated macrophages are fundamental to immunoprotection that is antagonized by il-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. both in human and experimental pcm, several evidences indicate that the suppressive effect of il-10 causes detrimental effects to infected hosts. because direct studies have not been performed, this study was aimed to chara ...201324205424
highlights in pathogenic fungal biofilms.a wide variety of fungi have demonstrated the ability to colonize surfaces and form biofilms. most studies on fungal biofilms have focused on candida albicans and more recently, several authors have reported the involvement of other genera of yeasts and candida species, as well as of filamentous fungi in the formation of biofilms, including: cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus gattii, rhodotorula species, aspergillus fumigatus, malassezia pachydermatis, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides ...201424252828
nlrp3 inflammasome activation by paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), the most prevalent systemic mycosis that is geographically confined to latin america. the pro-inflammatory cytokine il-1β that is mainly derived from the activation of the cytoplasmic multiprotein complex inflammasome is an essential host factor against opportunistic fungal infections; however, its role in infection with a primary fungal pathogen, such as p. brasiliensis, is not well understood. in this study, ...201324340123
detection of antibodies against paracoccidioides brasiliensis in free-range domestic pigs (sus scrofa).paracoccidioidomycosis, caused by the thermodimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is a human systemic mycosis prevalent in latin america. paracoccidioidomycosis affects mainly male rural workers, causing granulomatous lesions in several organs such as the lungs, liver and spleen. the participation of other animal species in the fungus epidemiology is not well understood. the objective of this study was to evaluate the infection of free-range domestic pigs by p. brasiliensis. serum samp ...201424436011
immunoblotting of soluble antigens in paracoccidioides brasiliensis culture.this study investigated the major soluble antigens produced by paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb339) cultured in solid sabouraud (ph 5.6 and 8.5), sabouraud plus brain heart infusion and liquid tomato juice-enriched complex medium media at intervals of 3 days over 30 days by immunoblotting and concluded that, to optimize the source of each antigen, both time and growth conditions should be considered.201424451019
an optimized one-tube, semi-nested pcr assay for paracoccidioides brasiliensis detection.herein, we report a one-tube, semi-nested-polymerase chain reaction (otsn-pcr) assay for the detection of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.201424474025
transcriptomic reprogramming of genus paracoccidioides in dimorphism and host niches.the thermodimorphic fungi paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii are the etiologic agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), the most important endemic systemic mycosis in latin america. paracoccidioides grows as saprophytic mycelia that produce infective conidia propagules, which are inhaled into the lungs where the fungus converts to the pathogenic yeast form. from the lungs, paracoccidioides may disseminate through blood and lymphatics to several other organs and tissues. dur ...201524560614
wild animals as sentinels of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil.paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic pathogenic fungus, causes the principal form of systemic mycosis in brazil. the literature furnishes only limited data on the ecology of this fungus in the state of rio grande do sul, the southernmost state of brazil. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of fungal infection in wild animals, using serological tests and using the animals as sentinels of the presence of p. brasiliensis in three specified mesoregions of rio grande do sul ...201424570039
dual localization of mdj1 in pathogenic fungi varies with growth temperature.paracoccidioides brasiliensis and p. lutzii are temperature-dependent dimorphic fungi that cause paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). previously, we characterized the pbmdj1 gene. this gene encodes p. brasiliensis chaperone mdj1, which in yeast is a mitochondrial member of the j-domain family, whose main function is to regulate cognate hsp70 activities. we produced rabbit polyclonal antibody antirecombinant pbmdj1 (rpbmdj1), which labeled the protein not only in mitochondria but also at the cell wall o ...201424577000
paracoccidioidomycosis in a western brazilian amazon state: clinical-epidemiologic profile and spatial distribution of the disease.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic infection caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. pcm is considered one of the most important systemic mycoses in latin america.201424603739
dectin-1 induces m1 macrophages and prominent expansion of cd8+il-17+ cells in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis.dectin-1, the innate immune receptor that recognizes β-glucan, plays an important role in immunity against fungal pathogens. paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, has a sugar-rich cell wall mainly composed of mannans and glucans. this fact motivated us to use dectin-1-sufficient and -deficient mice to investigate the role of β-glucan recognition in the immunity against pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis. initially, we verified that p. brasiliensis infectio ...201424604821
extra-pulmonary manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report.we present a patient with paracoccidioidomycosis/hiv coinfection which has been investigated because of chronic monoarthritis and mucocutaneous lesions. a biopsy of the synovial membrane and skin revealed structures consistent with paracoccidioides brasiliensis. at diagnosis, the count of cd4 + t cells was 44 cells/mm3. we emphasize the importance of clinical suspicion of paracoccidioidomycosis in patients with hiv/aids who live in or are from risk areas.201524626662
human neutrophils produce il-12, il-10, pge2 and ltb4 in response to paracoccidioides brasiliensis. involvement of tlr2, mannose receptor and dectin-1.the functions of phagocytic cells against pathogens are initiated by the interaction between membrane receptors and molecular structures which compose the cell wall of these microorganisms. thus our study aimed to identify the neutrophil receptors involved in the recognition of different strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and the consequent modulation of immune response through the production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators. neutrophils did not produce tnf-alfa in response to both ...201424680480
paracoccidioidomycosis in mexico: clinical and epidemiological data from 93 new cases (1972-2012).paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is an endemic systemic infection in several countries of latin america. the few registered cases in mexico most likely do not reflect the real frequency. disseminate the epidemiological and clinical data of unreported cases of pcm in mexico from 1972 until 2012 is the aim of this work. epidemiological and clinical information of non-published cases of pcm was requested from the principal mycological diagnosis centres in mexico. a total of 93 cases were received. the ...201424698656
paracoccidioidomycosis mimicking squamous cell carcinoma on the dorsum of the tongue and review of published literature.paracoccidioidomycosis is a disease that is endemic to southern and southeastern brazil, caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the most common clinical oral manifestation is the presence of multiple granulomatous ulcers with hemorrhagic dots, located mainly on the lips, palate, and buccal mucosa. however, the disease can manifest atypically as a single ulcer, mimicking oral squamous cell carcinoma (scc) or tuberculosis.201424718811
recombinant paracoccin reproduces the biological properties of the native protein and induces protective th1 immunity against paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.paracoccin is a dual-function protein of the yeast paracoccidioides brasiliensis that has lectin properties and n-acetylglucosaminidase activities. proteomic analysis of a paracoccin preparation from p. brasiliensis revealed that the sequence matched that of the hypothetical protein encoded by padg-3347 of isolate pb-18, with a polypeptide sequence similar to the family 18 endochitinases. these endochitinases are multi-functional proteins, with distinct lectin and enzymatic domains.201424743161
dose response effect of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in an experimental model of arthritis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) and corresponds to prevalent systemic mycosis in latin america. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the dose response effect of the fungal yeast phase for the standardization of an experimental model of septic arthritis. the experiments were performed with groups of 14 rats that received doses of 103, 104 or 105 p. brasiliensis (pb18) cells. the fungi were injected in 50 µl of phosphate-buff ...201524879005
in vitro studies of the activity of dithiocarbamate organoruthenium complexes against clinically relevant fungal pathogens.the in vitro antifungal activity of nine dirutheniumpentadithiocarbamate complexes c1-c9 was investigated and assessed for its activity against four different fungal species with clinical interest and related to invasive fungal infections (ifis), such as candida spp. [c. albicans (two clinical isolates), c. glabrata, c. krusei, c. parapsolisis, c. tropicalis, c.dubliniensis (six clinical isolates)], paracoccidioides brasiliensis (seven clinical isolates), cryptococcus neoformans and sporothrix s ...201424879585
recognition of tlr2 n-glycans: critical role in artinm immunomodulatory activity.tlr2 plays a critical role in the protection against paracoccidioides brasiliensis conferred by artinm administration. artinm, a d-mannose-binding lectin from artocarpus heterophyllus, induces il-12 production in macrophages and dendritic cells, which accounts for the t helper1 immunity that results from artinm administration. we examined the direct interaction of artinm with tlr2using hek293a cells transfected with tlr2, alone or in combination with tlr1 or tlr6, together with accessory protein ...201424892697
radiochemical pharmacokinetic profile of p10 peptide with antifungal properties.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a chronic granulomatous disease that is caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. it is endemic in some countries of latin america and can cause a high-burden fungal infection with significant morbidity and mortality. the peptide p10, which demonstrates immune protection against experimental pcm, was radiolabeled with a radioisotope and evaluated in vivo. the radiolabeling was conducted to trace the pharmacokinetics of the molecule in ...201424934802
dimorphic fungal osteoarticular infections.the objective of this investigation was to review the clinical manifestations, management, and outcome of osteoarticular infections caused by dimorphic fungi. we exhaustively reviewed reports of bone and joint infections caused by dimorphic fungi published between 1970 and 2012. underlying conditions, microbiological features, histological characteristics, clinical manifestations, antifungal therapy, and outcome were analyzed in 222 evaluable cases. among 222 proven cases (median age 41 years [i ...201424939620
paracoccidioidomycosis in southern rio grande do sul: a retrospective study of histopathologically diagnosed cases.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic mycosis caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis and is endemic to brazil. the aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the pcm cases in the countryside south of rio grande do sul, brazil. the files from four histopathology laboratories located in the city of pelotas were obtained, and all of the epidemiological and clinical data from the pcm diagnosed cases were collected for analysis. a total of 123 pcm cases diagnosed be ...201424948940
[the natural habitat of the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, how to draw the limit between the rural and the urban environment?]. 201424967852
interferon-gamma production by human neutrophils upon stimulation by il-12, il-15 and il-18 and challenge with paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidiodomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb), which is endemic in latin america. the host innate immune response against the fungus has been well characterized and several studies have shown the important role played by phagocytic cells. our laboratory has studied the relationship between human neutrophils (pmns)/pb, focusing the effector mechanisms of these cells against the fungus. however, in last years, studies have shown that in additio ...201425022968
glycolipid sensing and innate immunity in paracoccidioidomycosis.distinct glycolipid profiles are described in microorganisms, which have been shown to modulate the innate immune system. we tested the hypothesis that glycosphingolipids from paracoccidioides brasiliensis have immunomodulatory properties on monocytes and dendritic cells of two groups of healthy individuals, one cured of paracoccidioidomycosis in the past (cur-i) and the other nonexposed to p. brasiliensis (hne-i). two classes of glycosphingolipids purified from yeast cells were evaluated: a neu ...201425026908
prevalence of paracoccidioidomycosis infection by intradermal reaction in rural areas in alfenas, minas gerais, brazil.this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of paracoccidioidal infection by intradermal reaction (delayed-type hypersensitivity, dth) to paracoccidioides brasiliensis in rural areas in alfenas, southern minas gerais (mg) state, brazil, and to assess risk factors (gender, occupation, age, alcohol intake and smoking) associated with infection. we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using intradermal tests with gp 43 paracoccidioidin in 542 participants, who were previously contacte ...201725076426
the relation between foxp3⁺ regulatory t cells and fungal density in oral paracoccidioidomycosis: a preliminary study.regulatory t (treg) cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), but data on the role of treg cells in the context of oral pcm are still scarce. the objectives of this study were to investigate the density of foxp3(+) t regulatory cells in oral pcm and to correlate the results with the density of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the lesions. cases of chronic oral pcm seen between 2000 and 2008 were included in this study. the diagnosis of all lesions was ...201425124479
immunization with p10 peptide increases specific immunity and protects immunosuppressed balb/c mice infected with virulent yeasts of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic granulomatous disease caused by paracoccidioides spp. a peptide from the major diagnostic antigen gp43, named p10, induces a t-cd4(+) helper-1 immune response in mice and protects against intratracheal challenge with virulent p. brasiliensis. previously, we evaluated the efficacy of the p10 peptide alone or combined with antifungal drugs in mice immunosuppressed and infected with virulent isolate of p. brasiliensis. in the present work, our data suggest that ...201425135302
exploring potential virulence regulators in paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates of varying virulence through quantitative proteomics.few virulence factors have been identified for paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis. in this study, we quantitatively evaluated the protein composition of p. brasiliensis in the yeast phase using minimal and rich media to obtain a better understanding of its virulence and to gain new insights into pathogen adaptation strategies. this analysis was performed on two isolates of the pb18 strain showing distinct infection profiles in b10.a mice. using liquid chromatograp ...201425145636
monoclonal antibodies to heat shock protein 60 induce a protective immune response against experimental paracoccidioides lutzii.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is an endemic mycosis in latin america. pcm is primarily caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis and less frequently by the recently described, closely related species paracoccidioides lutzii. current treatment requires protracted administration of systemic antibiotics and relapses may frequently occur despite months of initial therapy. hence, there is a need for innovative approaches to treatment. in the present study we analyzed the impact of two monoclonal antibod ...201425161111
paracoccidioides lutzii plp43 is an active glucanase with partial antigenic identity with p. brasiliensis gp43.paracoccidioides brasiliensis and p. lutzii cause paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). p. brasiliensis main diagnostic antigen is glycoprotein gp43, and its peptide sequence is 81% identical with a p. lutzii ortholog here called plp43. p. lutzii ("pb01-like") apparently predominates in midwestern/northern brazil, where high percentages of false-negative reactions using p. brasiliensis antigens have recently been reported. the aim of this work was to produce recombinant plp43 to study its antigenic iden ...201425166744
importance of the association of molecular and immunological diagnosis in immunocompetent patient with histoplasma capsulatum and cryptoccocus neoformans infection: a case report.this case reports an immunocompetent 29-year-old woman with suspected pneumonia, suggestive of fungal infection. immunoblotting analysis reactivity against histoplasma capsulatum and paracoccidioides brasiliensis were observed. nested-pcr in blood employing species-specific primers was positive for h. capsulatum and cryptococcus neoformans. the evaluation of paucisymptomatic patients with positive results for h. capsulatum and c. neoformans could be relevant for the prevention as well as the pos ...201425180029
correlation between histopathological and ft-raman spectroscopy analysis of the liver of swiss mice infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioidomycosis is the most important systemic mycosis in latin america. the main entrance of the fungus is the airway. it primarily occurs in the lung, but in its disseminated form may affect any organ. the liver is one of the organs afflicted by this disease and its homeostasis may be impaired. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the evolution of paracoccidioidomycosis in the liver of swiss mice and correlate morphological factors with the expression of gp43 and with physicoche ...201425181524
[paracoccidioidomycosis of the external ear].paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection common in latin america. cutaneous involvement is frequent and usually affects multiple sites, being most frequently associated with lesions of the oropharyngeal mucosa. the cutaneous form on its own is rare.201425209814
anti-metastatic immunotherapy based on mucosal administration of flagellin and immunomodulatory p10.current therapies against malignant melanoma generally fail to increase survival in most patients, and immunotherapy is a promising approach as it could reduce the dosage of toxic therapeutic drugs. in the present study, we show that an immunotherapeutic approach based on the use of the toll-like receptor (tlr)-5 ligand flagellin (salmonella typhimurium flici) combined with the major histocompatibility complex class ii-restricted p10 peptide, derived from the paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp43 m ...201525223833
the complex task of choosing a de novo assembly: lessons from fungal genomes.selecting the values of parameters used by de novo genomic assembly programs, or choosing an optimal de novo assembly from several runs obtained with different parameters or programs, are tasks that can require complex decision-making. a key parameter that must be supplied to typical next generation sequencing (ngs) assemblers is the k-mer length, i.e., the word size that determines which de bruijn graph the program should map out and use. the topic of assembly selection criteria was recently re ...201425262360
new developments of rnai in paracoccidioides brasiliensis: prospects for high-throughput, genome-wide, functional genomics.the fungal genome initiative of the broad institute, in partnership with the paracoccidioides research community, has recently sequenced the genome of representative isolates of this human-pathogen dimorphic fungus: pb18 (s1), pb03 (ps2) and pb01. the accomplishment of future high-throughput, genome-wide, functional genomics will rely upon appropriate molecular tools and straightforward techniques to streamline the generation of stable loss-of-function phenotypes. in the past decades, rnai has e ...201425275433
compositional and immunobiological analyses of extracellular vesicles released by candida albicans.the release of extracellular vesicles (ev) by fungal organisms is considered an alternative transport mechanism to trans-cell wall passage of macromolecules. previous studies have revealed the presence of ev in culture supernatants from fungal pathogens, such as cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, sporothrix schenckii, malassezia sympodialis and candida albicans. here we investigated the size, composition, kinetics of internalization by bone marrow-der ...201525287304
paracoccidioidomycosis simulating brain tumor.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic granulomatous disease caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis. involvement of the central nervous system (cns) occurs in about 10% of cases.201425298916
antifungal activity of 6-quinolinyl n-oxide chalcones against paracoccidioides.chalcones are an important class of natural compounds that have been widely applied as synthons in synthetic organic chemistry and possess diverse and interesting biological properties.201525362572
thermally dimorphic human fungal pathogens--polyphyletic pathogens with a convergent pathogenicity trait.fungi are adept at changing their cell shape and developmental program in response to signals in their surroundings. here we focus on a group of evolutionarily related fungal pathogens of humans known as the thermally dimorphic fungi. these organisms grow in a hyphal form in the environment but shift their morphology drastically within a mammalian host. temperature is one of the main host signals that initiates their conversion to the "host" form and is sufficient in the laboratory to trigger es ...201425384771
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase controls fungal loads and immunity in paracoccidioidomicosis but is more important to susceptible than resistant hosts.paracoccidioidomycosis, a primary fungal infection restricted to latin america, is acquired by inhalation of fungal particles. the immunoregulatory mechanisms that control the severe and mild forms of paracoccidioidomycosis are still unclear. indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido), an ifn-γ induced enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan metabolism, can control host-pathogen interaction by inhibiting pathogen growth, t cell immunity and tissue inflammation.201425411790
therapeutic administration of recombinant paracoccin confers protection against paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection: involvement of tlrs.paracoccin (pcn) is an n-acetylglucosamine-binding lectin from the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. recombinant pcn (rpcn) induces a t helper (th) 1 immune response when prophylactically administered to balb/c mice, protecting them against subsequent challenge with p. brasiliensis. in this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of rpcn in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) and the mechanism accounting for its beneficial action.201425474158
immunization with recombinant pb27 protein reduces the levels of pulmonary fibrosis caused by the inflammatory response against paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic mycosis in which the host response to the infectious agent typically consists of a chronic granulomatous inflammatory process. this condition causes lesions that impair lung function and lead to chronic pulmonary insufficiency resulting from fibrosis development, which is a sequel and disabling feature of the disease. the rpb27 protein has been studied for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against pcm. previous studies from our laboratory have show ...201525487973
paracoccidioidomycosis in patients with lymphoma and review of published literature.this paper describes four new cases of lymphomas, two hodgkin lymphomas and two non-hodgkin lymphomas in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. all had mycosis diagnosed before lymphomas with paracoccidioides brasiliensis demonstrated in several lymph nodes, as seen in the disseminated form of the disease. when lymphoma was diagnosed, one patient was under regular paracoccidioidomycosis treatment and in clinic-serological remission for this disease, another was under regular treatment but with cl ...201525526930
transposable elements and two other molecular markers as typing tools for the genus paracoccidioides.studies comparing paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii have shown that these fungi have significant genomic differences that may have implications in the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis caused by them. thus, molecular typing methods are required that can distinguish between various species of paracoccidioides. the aim of this study was to explore the potential use as molecular markers of the transposable elements trem a-h recently i ...201525541559
alternative oxidase plays an important role in paracoccidioides brasiliensis cellular homeostasis and morphological transition.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiologic agent of one of the most common systemic mycoses in latin america. as a dimorphic fungus, it must adapt to different environments during its life cycle, either in nature or within the host, enduring external stresses such as temperature or host-induced oxidative stress. in this study we addressed the role of alternative oxidase (pbaox) in cellular homeostasis during batch culture growth and the morphological transition of p. brasiliensis. using a pb ...201525631476
matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for differentiation of the dimorphic fungal species paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii.isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii, previously characterized by molecular techniques, were identified for the first time by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). all isolates were correctly identified, with log score values of >2.0. thus, maldi-tof ms is a new tool for differentiating species of the genus paracoccidioides.201525631803
synchronous oral paracoccidioidomycosis and pulmonary tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) and tuberculosis (tb) are chronic granulomatous infectious diseases, in which the main form of contraction is through inhalation of the microorganism-paracoccidioides brasiliensis and mycobacterium tuberculosis. oral involvement of pcm is observed in up to 70 % of the cases and usually presents clinically as ulcerations with granular surface showing tiny hemorrhagic areas. oral presentation of tb is rare with prevalence smaller than 0.5 % of all cases. clinical prese ...201525652419
low-level laser therapy to the mouse femur enhances the fungicidal response of neutrophils against paracoccidioides brasiliensis.neutrophils (pmn) play a central role in host defense against the neglected fungal infection paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), which is caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb). pcm is of major importance, especially in latin america, and its treatment relies on the use of antifungal drugs. however, the course of treatment is lengthy, leading to side effects and even development of fungal resistance. the goal of the study was to use low-level laser therapy (lllt) to stimulat ...201525675431
immunodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis due to paracoccidioides brasiliensis using a latex test: detection of specific antibody anti-gp43 and specific antigen gp43.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a life-threatening systemic disease and is a neglected public health problem in many endemic regions of latin america. though several diagnostic methods are available, almost all of them present with some limitations.201525679976
human neutrophils produce extracellular traps against paracoccidioides brasiliensis.neutrophils play an important role as effector cells and contribute to the resistance of the host against microbial pathogens. neutrophils are able to produce extracellular traps (nets) in response to medically important fungi, including aspergillus spp., candida albicans and cryptococcus gattii. however, net production in response to paracoccidioides brasiliensis has yet to be studied. we have demonstrated that human neutrophils produce nets against both conidia and yeasts of p. brasiliensis. a ...201525701733
neglected fungal zoonoses: hidden threats to man and animals.zoonotic fungi can be naturally transmitted between animals and humans, and in some cases cause significant public health problems. a number of mycoses associated with zoonotic transmission are among the group of the most common fungal diseases, worldwide. it is, however, notable that some fungal diseases with zoonotic potential have lacked adequate attention in international public health efforts, leading to insufficient attention on their preventive strategies. this review aims to highlight so ...201525769429
saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing gp43 protects mice against paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). it is believed that approximately 10 million people are infected with the fungus and approximately 2% will eventually develop the disease. unlike viral and bacterial diseases, fungal diseases are the ones against which there is no commercially available vaccine. saccharomyces cerevisiae may be a suitable vehicle for immunization against fungal infections, as they require the stimulation o ...201525790460
paracoccidioides brasiliensis interferes on dendritic cells maturation by inhibiting pge2 production.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic mycosis, endemic in most latin american countries, especially in brazil, whose etiologic agent is the thermodimorphic fungus of the genus paracoccidioides, comprising cryptic species of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, s1, ps2, ps3 and paracoccidioides lutzii. the mechanisms involved in the initial interaction of the fungus with cells of the innate immune response, as dendritic cells (dcs), deserve to be studied. prostaglandins (pgs) are eicosanoids that ...201525793979
il-18 triggered by the nlrp3 inflammasome induces host innate resistance in a pulmonary model of fungal infection.pathogens are sensed by innate immune receptors that initiate an efficient adaptive immune response upon activation. the elements of the innate immune recognition process for paracoccidioides brasiliensis include tlr-2, tlr-4, and dectin-1. however, there are additional receptors necessary for the host immune responses to p. brasiliensis. the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (nlrs), which activate inflammasomes, are candidate receptors that deserve renewed investigation. a ...201525825440
activity and in vivo tracking of amphotericin b loaded plga nanoparticles.the development of biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles has become an important strategy for optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of many classical drugs, as it may expand their activities, reduce their toxicity, increase their bioactivity and improve biodistribution. in this study, nanoparticles of amphotericin b entrapped within poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid and incorporated with dimercaptosuccinic acid (nano-d-amb) as a target molecule were evaluated for their physic-chemical characteristics ...201525827397
serum antibody levels correlate with oral fungal cell numbers and influence the patients' response to chronic paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a neglected fungal disease that elicits an important granulomatous inflammatory reaction which aims to isolate the fungi and resolve the infection; besides the innate cellular response, the patients' sera may contain different levels of antibodies directed against pcm's pathogenic agent: paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb). the aim of the study was to assess the distinct serum antibody levels of 19 chronic pcm patients and to associate these levels to the granuloma ...201525851750
tlr-4 cooperates with dectin-1 and mannose receptor to expand th17 and tc17 cells induced by paracoccidioides brasiliensis stimulated dendritic cells.the concomitant use of diverse pattern recognition receptors (prrs) by innate immune cells can result in synergistic or inhibitory activities that profoundly influence anti-microbial immunity. dectin-1 and the mannose receptor (mr) are c-type lectin receptors (clrs) previously reported to cooperate with toll-like receptors (tlrs) signaling in the initial inflammatory response and in the induction of adaptive th17 and tc17 immunity mediated by cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells, respectively. the protecti ...201525873917
melanin protects paracoccidioides brasiliensis from the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic inhibition and antifungal drugs.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a public health concern in latin america and south america that when not correctly treated can lead to patient death. in this study, the influence of melanin produced by paracoccidioides spp. on the effects of treatment with antimicrobial photodynamic inhibition (api) and antifungal drugs was evaluated. api was performed using toluidine blue (tbo) as a photosensitizer and a 630-nm light-emitting diode (led) light. the antifungals tested were itraconazole and ampho ...201525896704
importance of adhesins in virulence of paracoccidioides spp.members of the paracoccidioides genus are the etiologic agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). this genus is composed of two species: paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii. the correct molecular taxonomic classification of these fungi has created new opportunities for studying and understanding their relationships with their hosts. paracoccidioides spp. have features that permit their growth under adverse conditions, enable them to adhere to and invade host tissues and may c ...201525914695
corrigendum: importance of adhesins in virulence of paracoccidioides spp. 201525999940
pentoxifylline immunomodulation in the treatment of experimental chronic pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis.pentoxifylline (ptx) is a methylxanthine compound with immunomodulatory and antifibrotic properties. the simultaneous use of ptx and antifungal therapy (itraconazole) has previously been evaluated in an experimental model of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), a systemic fungal disease caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) and characterized by chronic inflammation and lung fibrosis that appears even after a successful course of antifungal therapy. the results revealed promp ...201526034509
influence of the paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 and gp43 proteins on the induction of apoptosis in a549 epithelial cells.the fungal strain paracoccidioides brasiliensis remains viable inside of epithelial cells and can induce apoptosis in this population. however, until now, the molecules that participate in this process remained unknown. thus, this study evaluated the contribution of two p. brasiliensis molecules, the 14-3-3 and glycoprotein of 43 kda proteins, which had been previously described as extracellular matrix adhesins and apoptosis inductors in human pneumocytes. accordingly, epithelial cells were trea ...201526038961
m2 macrophages and inflammatory cells in oral lesions of chronic paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic fungal infection caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) and associated with deficient cellular immune response, which is modulated by inflammatory cells, mainly macrophages, and cytokines. recently, the comprehension of the macrophage polarization mediated by th1 and th2 cytokines has contributed to elucidate the immune response that takes part in some diseases. thus, the aim of this study was to assess the presence of th1- and th2-immune response ...201626041558
in vitro paracoccidioides brasiliensis biofilm and gene expression of adhesins and hydrolytic enzymes.paracoccidioides species are dimorphic fungi that initially infect the lungs but can also spread throughout the body. the spreading infection is most likely due to the formation of a biofilm that makes it difficult for the host to eliminate the infection. biofilm formation is crucial for the development of infections and confines the pathogen to an extracellular matrix. its presence is associated with antimicrobial resistance and avoidance of host defenses. this current study provides the first ...201526055497
validation and clinical application of a nested pcr for paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosis in clinical samples from colombian patients.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic and endemic mycosis, restricted to tropical and subtropical areas of latin america. the infection is caused by the thermal dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii. the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis is usually performed by microscopic examination, culture and immunodiagnostic tests to respiratory specimens, body fluids and/or biopsies; however these methods require laboratory personnel with experience and several days t ...201526100437
could histoplasma capsulatum be related to healthcare-associated infections?healthcare-associated infections (hai) are described in diverse settings. the main etiologic agents of hai are bacteria (85%) and fungi (13%). some factors increase the risk for hai, particularly the use of medical devices; patients with severe cuts, wounds, and burns; stays in the intensive care unit, surgery, and hospital reconstruction works. several fungal hai are caused by candida spp., usually from an endogenous source; however, cross-transmission via the hands of healthcare workers or con ...201526106622
correction: paracoccidioides brasiliensis interferes on dendritic cells maturation by inhibiting pge2 production. 201526114288
role of protein kinase c in cytokine secretion by lung epithelial cells during infection with paracoccidioides brasiliensis.in this study, we investigated the role of protein kinases c (pkcs) in interleukin (il)-6 and il-8 secretion by human lung epithelial a549 cells during infection with the fungal pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis. rottlerin and the broad spectrum pkc inhibitor go 6983 reduced cytokine levels in a549 cell-p. brasiliensis cultures. next, by western blot, we verified that infection with this fungus led to phosphorylation of pkc δ (thr(505)). by using a peptide inhibitor for pkc δ or pkc δ short ...201526152710
cell wall proteome of pathogenic fungi.a fast development of a wide variety of proteomic techniques supported by mass spectrometry coupled with high performance liquid chromatography has been observed in recent years. it significantly contributes to the progress in research on the cell wall, very important part of the cells of pathogenic fungi. this complicated structure composed of different polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and melanin, plays a key role in interactions with the host during infection. changes in the set of the surfa ...201526192771
knowledge-based reasoning to annotate noncoding rna using multi-agent system.noncoding rnas (ncrnas) have been focus of intense research over the last few years. since characteristics and signals of ncrnas are not entirely known, researchers use different computational tools together with their biological knowledge to predict putative ncrnas. in this context, this work presents ncrna-agents, a multi-agent system to annotate ncrnas based on the output of different tools, using inference rules to simulate biologists' reasoning. experiments with data from the fungus sacchar ...201526223200
in-silico gene co-expression network analysis in paracoccidioides brasiliensis with reference to haloacid dehalogenase superfamily hydrolase gene.paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic fungus is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease globally affecting millions of people. the haloacid dehalogenase (had) superfamily hydrolases enzyme in the fungi, in particular, is known to be responsible in the pathogenesis by adhering to the tissue. hence, identification of novel drug targets is essential.201726229356
paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in small wild mammals.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic mycosis prevalent in brazil and other latin american countries. the etiological agents of pcm are the thermo-dimorphic fungi paracoccidioides brasiliensis and p. lutzii. taking into account that the natural habitat of paracoccidioides spp. is still undefined, domestic and wild animals could be useful as indicators of paracoccidioides spp. presence in endemic areas. the objective of this study was to evaluate the infection of small wild mammals by p. bra ...201526232125
characterization of paracoccidioides brasiliensis by ft-ir spectroscopy and nanotechnology.paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, is a dimorphic fungus existing as mycelia in the environment (or at 25°c in vitro) and as yeast cells in the human host (or at 37°c in vitro). because mycological examination of lesions in patients frequently is unable to show the presence of the fungus and serological tests can misdiagnose the disease with other mycosis, the development of new approach's for molecular identification of p. brasiliensis spurges is nee ...201626241825
evaluating common humoral responses against fungal infections with yeast protein microarrays.we profiled the global immunoglobulin response against fungal infection by using yeast protein microarrays. groups of cd-1 mice were infected systemically with human fungal pathogens (coccidioides posadasii, candida albicans, or paracoccidioides brasiliensis) or inoculated with pbs as a control. another group was inoculated with heat-killed yeast (hky) of saccharomyces cerevisiae. after 30 days, serum from mice in the groups were collected and used to probe s. cerevisiae protein microarrays cont ...201526258609
seroepidemiology of paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in horses from rio grande do sul, brazil.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of the major systemic mycosis in brazil, called paracoccidioidomycosis. although the rio grande do sul is considered an endemic area of the disease, there are few studies on the ecology of p. brasiliensis in the state. therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the infection of p. brasiliensis in horses from the mesoregion of southwest riograndense, using these animals as sentinels. serological techniques, such as double immunodiffusion in agar ...201526273267
protection against paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in mice treated with modulated dendritic cells relies on inhibition of interleukin-10 production by cd8+ t cells.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic infection prevalent in latin american countries. disease develops after inhalation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia followed by an improper immune activation by the host leucocytes. dendritic cells (dcs) are antigen-presenting cells with the unique ability to direct the adaptive immune response by the time of activation of naive t cells. this study was conducted to test whether extracts of p. brasiliensis would induce maturation of dcs. we found that ...201526302057
rpbpga1 from paracoccidioides brasiliensis activates mast cells and macrophages via nfkb.the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the leading etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), a systemic granulomatous disease that typically affects the lungs. cell wall components of p. brasiliensis interact with host cells and influence the pathogenesis of pcm. in yeast, many glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored proteins are important in the initial contact with the host, mediating host-yeast interactions that culminate with the disease. pbpga1 is a gpi anchored protein lo ...201526317855
neutrophil extracellular traps identification in tegumentary lesions of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis and different patterns of nets generation in vitro.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic mycosis, endemic in most latin american countries, especially in brazil. it is caused by the thermo-dimorphic fungus of the genus paracoccidioides (paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii). innate immune response plays a crucial role in host defense against fungal infections, and neutrophils (pmns) are able to combat microorganisms with three different mechanisms: phagocytosis, secretion of granular proteins, which have antimicrobial p ...201526327485
a gβ protein and the tupa co-regulator bind to protein kinase a tpk2 to act as antagonistic molecular switches of fungal morphological changes.the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) undergoes a morphological transition from a saprobic mycelium to pathogenic yeast that is controlled by the camp-signaling pathway. there is a change in the expression of the gβ-protein pbgpb1, which interacts with adenylate cyclase, during this morphological transition. we exploited the fact that the camp-signaling pathway of saccharomyces cerevisiae does not include a gβ-protein to probe the functional role of pbgpb1. we present da ...201526334875
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