Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
diversity in paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the pbgp43 gene as a genetic marker.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus and the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), which is prevalent in rural workers of latin american countries. until a decade ago, most of the studies involving p. brasiliensis used clinical isolates, since environmental samples from soil are difficult to obtain. more recently, p. brasiliensis has been isolated from infected wild and domestic animals, especially from the nine-banded armadillo dasypus novemcinctus in brazi ...200818777634
pulmonary immune responses induced in balb/c mice by paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia.knowledge concerning the host-paracoccidioides brasiliensis interactions is abundant. yet, most of the experimental studies have used yeast cells to prepare the corresponding inoculum. as these cells do not represent the naturally infecting propagules, the corresponding experiments by-pass the earlier stages of such interactions. studies done in patients, who also harbour yeast cells, suffer from the same bias. the review presented below focuses on the immune responses of balb/c mice infected wi ...200818777636
melanin as a virulence factor of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and other dimorphic pathogenic fungi: a minireview.melanin pigments are substances produced by a broad variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and helminths. microbes predominantly produce melanin pigment via tyrosinases, laccases, catecholases, and the polyketide synthase pathway. in fungi, melanin is deposited in the cell wall and cytoplasm, and melanin particles ("ghosts") can be isolated from these fungi that have the same size and shape of the original cells. melanin has been reported in several human pathogenic dim ...200818777637
attempts at a peptide vaccine against paracoccidioidomycosis, adjuvant to chemotherapy.chemotherapy is the basis of treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis in its various forms. depending on the paracoccidioides brasiliensis virulence, the status of host immunity, the degree of tissue involvement and fungal dissemination, treatment can be extended for long periods with an alarming frequency of relapses. association of chemotherapy with a vaccine to boost the cellular immune response seemed a relevant project not only to reduce the time of treatment but also to prevent relapses and imp ...200818777638
psoas abscesses caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis in an adolescent.in order to describe the case of an adolescent who developed psoas abscesses caused by paracoccidiodes brasiliensis.200918781395
antifungal activity of ajoene on experimental murine paracoccidioidomycosis.the natural compound ajoene (4,5,9- trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide) is capable of controlling infection by paracoccidioides brasiliensis in experimental models. swiss mice were inoculated with 5.0 x 10e6 cells of the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis pb18 by intraperitoneal route and treated with ajoene. in weeks 2, 6, 10 and 13 of treatment, levels of anti-pb antibodies were measured by the elisa test and the animals were put down and their lungs, livers and spleens removed for histopat ...200818785786
mitochondrial function in the yeast form of the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.differences between the respiratory chain of the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis and its mammalian host are reported. respiration, membrane potential, and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria from p. brasiliensis spheroplasts were evaluated in situ, and the presence of a complete (complex i-v) functional respiratory chain was demonstrated. in succinate-energized mitochondria, adp induced a transition from resting to phosphorylating respiration. the presence of an alternative nadh-ubiqu ...200818797987
the catalases of paracoccidioides brasiliensis are differentially regulated: protein activity and transcript analysis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a fungal pathogen of humans. the p. brasiliensis response to oxidative stress is largely unexplored. we report the analysis of three catalases, pbcata, pbcatp and pbcatc. the former are monofunctional catalases and the latter is a catalase-peroxidase. differential expression of catalases as measured by activity and by quantitative analysis of transcripts was observed in the morphological conversion and in response to different stress conditions. pbcata manifested ...200818799136
the stress responsive and morphologically regulated hsp90 gene from paracoccidioides brasiliensis is essential to cell viability.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus that causes the most prevalent systemic mycosis in latin america. the response to heat shock is involved in pathogenesis, as this pathogen switches from mycelium to yeast forms in a temperature dependent fashion that is essential to establish infection. hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that helps in the folding and stabilization of selected polypeptides. hsp90 family members have been shown to present important roles in fungi, especially in the p ...200818808717
evidence for positive selection in putative virulence factors within the paracoccidioides brasiliensis species complex.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus that is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, the most important prevalent systemic mycosis in latin america. recently, the existence of three genetically isolated groups in p. brasiliensis was demonstrated, enabling comparative studies of molecular evolution among p. brasiliensis lineages. thirty-two gene sequences coding for putative virulence factors were analyzed to determine whether they were under positive selection. our maximum ...200818820744
brazilian propolis: correlation between chemical composition and antimicrobial activity.the chemical composition of ethanol extracts from samples of brazilian propolis (eeps) determined by hplc and their activity against trypanosoma cruzi, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, klebisiella pneumoniae, candida albicans, sporothrix schenckii and paracoccidioides brasiliensis were determined. based on the predominant botanical origin in the region of samples' collection, the 10 extracts were separated into three groups: a (b. dracunculifolia + auraucaria spp), b (b. dracuncu ...200818830454
human serum antibody reactivity towards paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens treated with sodium metaperiodate.in this study, we evaluated the profile of anti-paracoccidioides brasiliensis immunoglobulin isotypes in serum from patients with the acute and chronic forms of paracoccidioidomycosis, using the whole paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen and the antigen treated with sodium metaperiodate. all the immunoglobulin isotypes present in the serum from patients with the acute and chronic forms of paracoccidioidomycosis presented higher reactivity towards the whole antigen than to the antigen treated wi ...200818853001
[in vitro action of streptomycin on paracoccidioides brasiliensis; therapeutic trial in south american blastomycosis]. 194818871839
transcription regulation of the pbgp43 gene by nitrogen in the human pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis.we show indirect evidences for the possible involvement of nit2-like binding motifs in transcription modulation of the pbgp43 gene, which codes for an important antigen from the human fungal pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis. this investigation was motivated by the finding of 23 nit2-like sites within the proximal -2047 nucleotides of the pbgp43 5' intergenic region from the pb339 isolate. they compose four clusters, two of them identical. we found four nit2-containing probes that were posi ...200919013535
international issues: meningoencephalitis due to paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 200819015480
cross-reactivity of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, histoplasma capsulatum, and cryptococcus species in the commercial platelia aspergillus enzyme immunoassay.cross-reactivity in the platelia aspergillus enzyme immunoassay was evaluated using 120 sera from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and cryptococcosis. at a cutoff value of 0.5, positivity rates were 50%, 67%, and 50%, respectively. the implications for these findings are discussed.200919020109
peptides from paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp43 inhibit macrophage functions and inflammatory response.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic granulomatous disease caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb), a thermal dimorphic fungus. its major antigen is a 43-kda glycoprotein. gp43 embodies different functions: it participates in evasion mechanisms during the installation of primary infection, stimulates granuloma-like formation in vitro and presents t-cell epitopes that induce protective response against the fungus. here, we investigated epitopes from gp43 inhibitory of both, macrophage ...200919026760
dnahsp65 vaccination induces protection in mice against paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.heat-shock proteins are molecules with extensive data showing their potential as immunomodulators of different types of diseases. the gene of hsp65 from mycobacterium leprae has shown prophylactic and immunotherapeutic effects against a broad arrays of experimental models including tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, arthritis and diabetes. with this in mind, we tested the dnahsp65 vaccine using an experimental model of paraccocidiodomycosis, an important endemic mycosis in latin america. the intramusc ...200919028537
curcumin as a promising antifungal of clinical interest.the antifungal activity of curcumin was evaluated against 23 fungi strains and its in vitro inhibitory effect on the adhesion of candida species to human buccal epithelial cells (bec) was also investigated.200919038979
osteopontin involvement in granuloma formation and in the severity of paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.the participation of osteopontin (opn) in paracoccidioides brasiliensis infected mice, its association to granulomatogenesis, severity of infection, pattern of lesions, nitric oxide (no) levels and fungal load were evaluated in this investigation. immunohistochemistry analysis showed marked opn staining in extracellular matrix and in macrophages and multinucleated giant cells at the center of lesions, suggesting a possible role of opn in the distribution of these cells within the granulomas. at ...200919048431
myd88 is dispensable for resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a murine model of blood-borne disseminated infection.we have studied the role of myd88, an adaptor protein of toll-like receptors (tlrs), in murine defenses against paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a model of blood-borne disseminated infection. wild-type (wt) and myd88-deficient mice infected intravenously with p. brasiliensis yeast cells showed an equivalent fungal burden, as well as similar levels of proinflammatory il-1beta, il-6, il-12p70, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and mip-2, t-helper type 1 (th1) (ifn-gamma) and th2 cytokines (il-4) i ...200819049649
inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice show exacerbated inflammatory process and high production of both th1 and th2 cytokines during paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis, the major systemic mycosis in latin america, is caused by fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. to analyze the influence of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) in this disease, inos-deficient (inos(-/-)) and wild-type (wt) mice were infected intravenously with p. brasiliensis 18 isolate. we found that, unlike wt mice, inos(-/-) mice did not control fungal proliferation, and began to succumb to infection by day 50 after inoculation of yeast cells. typical inflammatory g ...200919063988
characterization and functional analysis of the beta-1,3-glucanosyltransferase 3 of the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes paracoccidioidomycosis, a systemic granulomatous mycosis prevalent in latin america. in an effort to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in fungus cell wall assembly and morphogenesis, beta-1,3-glucanosyltransferase 3 (pbgel3p) is presented here. pbgel3p presented functional similarity to the glucan-elongating/glycophospholipid-anchored surface/ph-regulated /essential for pseudohyphal development protein families, which are involved in fung ...200919076240
inhibition of human neutrophil apoptosis by paracoccidioides brasiliensis: role of interleukin-8.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic mycosis caused by paracoccidiodes brasiliensis that presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. because of the great number of neutrophils polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) found in the p. brasiliensis granuloma, studies have been done to evaluate the role of these cells during the development of the infection. this fungus is found intracellularly in pmn and monocytes/macrophages, suggesting that it is capable of evading damage and surviving ...200919144080
amphotericin b in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (dmsa) nanoparticles against paracoccidioidomycosis.the present study reports on the preparation and testing of a desoxycholate amphotericin b (d-amb) sustained delivery system based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (dmsa) polymeric blends (nano-d-amb) aimed at reducing the number of amb administrations required to treat mycosis.200919151037
utility of real-time pcr for the detection of paracoccidioides brasiliensis dna in the diagnosis of imported paracoccidioidomycosis.an increase in immigration from endemic regions has resulted in a number of cases of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) being imported into spain. a molecular diagnostic technique based on real-time pcr was developed for the detection of paracoccidioides brasiliensis dna in both culture and patients' clinical samples. a molecular beacon probe was used, labelled with fam and directed at the its1 region of ribosomic dna. the detection limit of the technique developed was 1 fg of fungal dna per microl of ...200919184775
paracoccidioides brasiliensis vaccine formulations based on the gp43-derived p10 sequence and the salmonella enterica flic flagellin.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic granulomatous disease caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. anti-pcm vaccine formulations based on the secreted fungal cell wall protein (gp43) or the derived p10 sequence containing a cd4(+) t-cell-specific epitope have shown promising results. in the present study, we evaluated new anti-pcm vaccine formulations based on the intranasal administration of p. brasiliensis gp43 or the p10 peptide in combination with the salmonella e ...200919204092
an atypical paracoccidioides brasiliensis clinical isolate based on multiple gene analysis.an atypical isolate of paracoccidioides brasiliensis (ifm54648), recovered from the sputum of a brazilian man, was not detected in immunodiffusion tests for paracoccidioidomycosis and in species-specific pcr for the major antigen 43-kda glycoprotein coding gene (gp43). the mycological characteristics of the isolate were similar to those of a typical p. brasiliensis. a total of 8 genes were sequenced from ifm54648, and the sequences were compared between the new isolate and other reference isolat ...201019225977
cell wall glucan synthases and gtpases in paracoccidioides brasiliensis.in this report we identified orthologues of fungal ags1, rho1, rho2, rac1 and cdc42 genes in the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. based on its homology to known fungal sequences, p. brasiliensis ags1 was identified as an alpha-1,3-glucan synthase, while rho1, rho2, rac1 and cdc42 proteins were classified into the rho1, rho2, rac1 and cdc42 subgroups of fungal rho gtpases, respectively. of them, rho1 is one of two subunits of a putative beta-1,3-glucan synthase complex, the other b ...201019225978
lack of galectin-3 drives response to paracoccidioides brasiliensis toward a th2-biased immunity.there is recent evidence that galectin-3 participates in immunity to infections, mostly by tuning cytokine production. we studied the balance of th1/th2 responses to p. brasiliensis experimental infection in the absence of galectin-3. the intermediate resistance to the fungal infection presented by c57bl/6 mice, associated with the development of a mixed type of immunity, was replaced with susceptibility to infection and a th2-polarized immune response, in galectin-3-deficient (gal3(-/-)) mice. ...200919229338
identification of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in adrenal glands biopsies of two patients with paracoccidioidomycosis and adrenal insufficiency.the authors report two cases of adrenal insufficiency secondary to infiltration of the adrenal glands by paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the first patient had been treated for a chronic multifocal form of paracoccidiodomycosis 11 years ago. the diagnosis of the mycosis was done simultaneous with that of the adrenal insufficiency in the second patient. in both patients the diagnosis was done by direct visualization of fungus in adrenal biopsies. they were treated with hormonal supplements and itra ...200919229390
paracoccidioidomycosis in patients infected with and not infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a case-control study.epidemiologic and clinical data for 53 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis and co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) (cases) were compared with those for 106 patients with endemic paracoccidioidomycosis (controls). the prevalence of paracoccidioides brasiliensis co-infection was estimated in 1.4% in cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). patients co-infected with hiv were younger, less involved in agricultural occupations; 83.7% had cd4+ cell count < 200 cells/microl. ...200919270282
detection of paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp43 gene in sputa by loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the pathogen of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), a systemic mycosis prevalent in latin america. the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (lamp) was used in this study to detect the presence of p. brasiliensis in sputa samples from patients with chronic pcm, suspected pcm, and a negative control. the target p. brasiliensis gp43 gene was amplified in less than 4 hr in 11 of 18 sputa samples tested. the lamp method had the advantage of speed and sim ...200919288448
bone marrow necrosis related to paracoccidioidomycosis: the first eight cases identified at autopsy.to report the first eight bone marrow necrosis (bmn) cases related to paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) from patient autopsies with well-documented bone marrow (bm) histology and cytology.200919309401
mice immunization with radioattenuated yeast cells of paracoccidiodes brasiliensis: influence of the number of immunizations.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, the most prevalent mycosis in latin america. up to the moment no vaccine has been reported. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the number of immunizations on the protection elicited by radioattenuated yeast cells of p. brasiliensis. balb/c mice were divided into two groups that were immunized once (group 1) or twice (group 2), respectively. in each group, mice were divided into sub-groups that were challeng ...200919350415
nitric oxide participation in granulomatous response induced by paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in mice.the role of nitric oxide (no) in granulomas of paracoccidioides brasiliensis-infected inducible no synthase-deficient c57bl/6 mice (inos ko) and their wild-type counterparts and its association with osteopontin (opn) and matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) was studied. at 15 days after infection (dai), inos ko mice showed compact and necrotic granulomas with opn+ macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, whereas wild-type mice developed loose granulomas with many fungi and opn+ cells distributed ...200919360439
the ceja-1 sequence as a potential new molecular marker for paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.we have developed a two-step pcr assay that amplifies a region of the ceja-1 sequence that is specific for virulent strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. an internal region of the ceja-1 sequence was chosen for designing primers that were utilised in a single tube heminested pcr protocol to amplify dna from six virulent strains. pcr specificity was determined by the absence of amplified products with genomic dna from four non-virulent strains of p. brasiliensis and from eight fungal pathogen ...201019389074
antimicrobial effect of farnesol, a candida albicans quorum sensing molecule, on paracoccidioides brasiliensis growth and morphogenesis.farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol produced by many organisms, and also found in several essential oils. its role as a quorum sensing molecule and as a virulence factor of candida albicans has been well described. studies revealed that farnesol affect the growth of a number of bacteria and fungi, pointing to a potential role as an antimicrobial agent.200919402910
beneficial effects of a low-protein diet on host resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mice.although protein malnutrition impairs immune functions, several studies have recently shown that protein restriction without malnutrition is beneficial to host defenses against invading pathogens and cancer. in an effort to establish the optimum diet for host resistance, we investigated the effect of different dietary protein levels on host resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis.200919403266
genomic dna microarray comparison of gene expression patterns in paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycelia and yeasts in vitro.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a thermally dimorphic fungus, and causes the most prevalent systemic mycosis in latin america. infection is initiated by inhalation of conidia or mycelial fragments by the host, followed by further differentiation into the yeast form. information regarding gene expression by either form has rarely been addressed with respect to multiple time points of growth in culture. here, we report on the construction of a genomic dna microarray, covering approximately 25 % o ...200919406900
morphologic organization of pulmonary granulomas in mice infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis.a morphologic study of the lungs was carried out in swiss mice infected with yeast isolated from paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb18). the lung was processed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after inoculation for histologic staining with hematoxylin and eosin (h&e), methenamine silver nitrate (gomori-grocott), and picrosirius to qualitative and quantitative analyses of the granulomas and the presence of fungal lesions. the numbers of cfus/g counted in the lungs were 189.8 +/- 20.64, 353.6 +/- 46.21, 547.2 + ...200919407127
is the geographical origin of a paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolate important for antigen production for regional diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis? 201019422525
paracoccidioides brasiliensis pancreatic destruction in calomys callosus experimentally infected.the wild rodent calomys callosus is notably resistant to trypanosoma cruzi infection. in order to better characterize this animal model for experimental infections, we inoculated c. callosus intraperitoneally with paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermally dimorphic fungus that causes a chronic disease with severe granuloma formation in the mouse and humans. the dissemination of p. brasiliensis cells through the lungs, liver, pancreas, and spleen was assessed by histological analysis.200919422699
enolase from paracoccidioides brasiliensis: isolation and identification as a fibronectin-binding protein.paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells can enter mammalian cells and may manipulate the host cell environment to favour their own growth and survival. moreover, fibronectin and several other host extracellular matrix proteins are recognized by various components of the yeast cell extracts. the present study was designed to isolate and characterize a fibronectin-binding protein from p. brasiliensis. we also compared p. brasiliensis strain 18, tested before (pb18a) and after (pb18b) animal pass ...200919429745
climate and acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis in a hyper-endemic area in brazil.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is latin america's most prevalent systemic mycosis, carrying an important social burden. its agent, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, has rarely been identified in nature. studies characterizing acute/subacute pcm incidence and their relationship with climate variables are not available. this work analysed a series of acute/subacute cases that occurred in the botucatu area, são paulo state, brazil, from 1969 to 1999, as an outcome of weather variability.200919433518
molecular phylogeny of animal pathogen lacazia loboi inferred from rdna and dna coding sequences.lacazia loboi is a geographically restricted, uncultivated fungal pathogen of humans and dolphins. previous investigations using 18s small unit rdna, chitin synthase 2 and gp43 dna sequences positioned l. loboi as a close relative of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. however, given the few individuals of l. loboi studied and the high degree of genetic variation observed in p. brasiliensis, the existence of l. loboi as an independent species has been questioned. to investigate the phylogenetic posit ...200919439181
identification and characterization of antigenic proteins potentially expressed during the infectious process of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), a systemic mycosis presenting clinical manifestations ranging from mild to severe forms. a p. brasiliensis cdna expression library was produced and screened with pooled sera from pcm patients adsorbed against antigens derived from in vitro-grown p. brasiliensis yeast cells. sequencing dna inserts from clones reactive with pcm patients sera indicated 35 open reading frames presenting homology to genes involved in metabolic pathway ...200919500685
preferential transcription of paracoccidioides brasiliensis genes: host niche and time-dependent expression.paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes infection through inhalation by the host of airborne propagules from the mycelium phase of the fungus. this fungus reaches the lungs, differentiates into the yeast form and is then disseminated to virtually all parts of the body. here we review the identification of differentially-expressed genes in host-interaction conditions. these genes were identified by analyzing expressed sequence tags (ests) from p. brasiliensis cdna libraries. the p. brasiliensis was ...200919547877
inteins in pathogenic fungi: a phylogenetic tool and perspectives for therapeutic applications.inteins or 'internal proteins' are coding sequences that are transcribed and translated with flanking sequences (exteins). after translation, the inteins are excised by an autocatalytic process and the host protein assumes its normal conformation and develops its expected function. these parasitic genetic elements have been found in important, conserved proteins in all three domains of life. most of the eukaryotic inteins are present in the fungi kingdom and the prp8 intein is one of the most wi ...200919547879
tlr2 is a negative regulator of th17 cells and tissue pathology in a pulmonary model of fungal infection.to study the role of tlr2 in a experimental model of chronic pulmonary infection, tlr2-deficient and wild-type mice were intratracheally infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a primary fungal pathogen. compared with control, tlr2(-/-) mice developed a less severe pulmonary infection and decreased no synthesis. equivalent results were detected with in vitro-infected macrophages. unexpectedly, despite the differences in fungal loads both mouse strains showed equivalent survival times and se ...200919553529
gene expression analysis of paracoccidioides brasiliensis transition from conidium to yeast cell.paracoccidioides brasiliensis infectious process relies on the initial expression of virulence factors that are assumed to be controlled by molecular mechanisms through which the conidia and/or mycelial fragments convert to yeast cells. in order to analyze the profile of the thermally-induced dimorphic gene expression, 48 h c-l transition cultures which had been incubated at 36 degrees c were studied. by this time approximately 50% of the conidial population had already reverted to yeast form ce ...201019568977
transcription levels of chs5 and chs4 genes in paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycelial phase, respond to alterations in external osmolarity, oxidative stress and glucose concentration.the complete sequence of paracoccidioides brasiliensis chs5 gene, encoding a putative chitin synthase revealed a 5583nt open reading frame, interrupted by three introns of 82, 87 and 97bp (genbank accession no ef654132). the deduced protein contains 1861 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 206.9kda. both its large size and the presence of a n-terminal region of approx. 800 residues with a characteristic putative myosin motor-like domain, allow us to include pbrchs5 into class v fung ...200919616626
collectins and fungal pathogens: roles of surfactant proteins and mannose binding lectin in host resistance.collectins, collagenous carbohydrate-binding proteins (c-type lectins), are recognized as important factors in non-specific innate immune responses to pathogens. by binding surface carbohydrate structures of pathogens, collectins modify the interaction between pathogens and the immune system. we review the structure of the lung surfactant proteins (sp) sp-a and sp-d, and the serum collectins, mannose binding lectins; the binding of these collectins to pathogen associated molecular patterns or li ...201019639514
characteristics of environmental paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates.the ecological niche or exact habitat of the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis is not known, and few isolates have been obtained from the environment. in this study, ten isolates were analyzed with respect to antigenic composition, serology, pathogenicity, and molecular aspects. gp43 is considered to be the molecular basis for the serodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis; however, in this study only six of the environmental isolates secreted this molecule (four in great amounts and two in smal ...201019653119
screening non-coding rnas in transcriptomes from neglected species using portrait: case study of the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.transcriptome sequences provide a complement to structural genomic information and provide snapshots of an organism's transcriptional profile. such sequences also represent an alternative method for characterizing neglected species that are not expected to undergo whole-genome sequencing. one difficulty for transcriptome sequencing of these organisms is the low quality of reads and incomplete coverage of transcripts, both of which compromise further bioinformatics analyses. another complicating ...200919653905
interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 single nucleotide gene polymorphisms in paracoccidioidomycosis.the gene polymorphisms interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) +874 t/a and interleukin (il)-4 -590 c/t have been associated with the altered production of cytokines. therefore, they might be indicative of the occurrence of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) at position+874 ifn-gamma showed an increase occurrence of a/t genotype in both pcm patients and healthy individuals as control (hic) (56% and 45%, respectively), w ...200919682920
cdc42p controls yeast-cell shape and virulence of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is characterized by a multiple budding phenotype and a polymorphic cell growth, leading to the formation of cells with extreme variations in shape and size. since cdc42 is a pivotal molecule in establishing and maintaining polarized growth for diverse cell types, as well as during pathogenesis of certain fungi, we evaluated its role during cell growth and virulence of the yeast-form of p. brasiliensis. we used antisense technology to knock-down pbcdc42's expression ...200919686860
molecular approaches for eco-epidemiological studies of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.medical mycology has greatly benefited from the introduction of molecular techniques. new knowledge on molecular genetics has provided both theoretical and practical frameworks, permitting important advances in our understanding of several aspects of pathogenic fungi. considering paracoccidioides brasiliensis in particular, important eco-epidemiological aspects, such as environmental distribution and new hosts were clarified through molecular approaches. these methodologies also contributed to a ...200919722090
resistance of melanized yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis to antimicrobial oxidants and inhibition of phagocytosis using carbohydrates and monoclonal antibody to cd18.paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermal dimorphic fungal pathogen, produces a melanin-like pigment in vitro and in vivo. we investigated the involvement of carbohydrates and monoclonal antibody to cd18, on phagocytosis inhibition, involving macrophage receptors and the resistance of melanized fungal cells to chemically generated nitric oxide (no), reactive oxygen species (ros), hypochlorite and h2o2. our results demonstrate that melanized yeast cells were more resistant than nonmelanized yeast ...200919722091
increased immunoglobulin g anti-paracoccidioides brasiliensis serum antibody avidity as a predictor of favorable posttherapeutic evolution in paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic in latin america, and ca. 80% of all cases occur in brazil. little is known about antibody avidity or the evolution of such avidity in the posttherapeutic period for the different clinical presentations of the disease. in the present study, we evaluated 53 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis and calculated the avidity index. medium- and high-avidity antibodies were found in 79.5% of patients with chronic presentation (n = 39). among patients with the acute form ...200919726614
effect of dietary oils on host resistance to fungal infection in psychologically stressed mice.psychological stress can modulate host defense against invading pathogens. in this study, we investigated the effect of dietary oils on social isolation stress-induced modulation of host resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis. in olive oil-fed mice, 3 weeks of isolation stress resulted in temporarily delayed clearance of this fungus in the liver compared with group-housed mice. by contrast, in soybean oil-fed mice, isolation stress had no significant effect on antifungal activity. the olive ...200919734677
matrix metalloproteinases with gelatinolytic activity induced by paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) modulate extracellular matrix turnover, inflammation and immunity. we studied mmp-9 and mmp-2 in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis. at 15 and 120 days after infection (dai) with virulent paracoccidioides brasiliensis, mmp-9 was positive by immunohistochemistry in multinucleated giant cells, in mononuclear cells with macrophage and lymphocyte morphologies and also in fungal cells in the lesions of susceptible and resistant mice. using gelatin zymography, pro- an ...200919765107
seroepidemiological survey of paracoccidioidomycosis infection among urban and rural dogs from uberaba, minas gerais, brazil.there is some evidence that dogs can be naturally infected by paracoccidioides brasiliensis in endemic areas of paracoccidioidomycosis. in order to evaluate canine infection with this fungus, a survey with 149 urban and 126 rural dogs was carried out using elisa and intradermal tests with the gp43 antigen of p. brasiliensis in uberaba, minas gerais state of brazil. forty-one out of 149 urban dogs were euthanatized and had their lungs, liver and spleen removed. one slice from each viscera was pro ...201019768574
induction of apoptosis in a549 pulmonary cells by two paracoccidioides brasiliensis samples.paracoccidioidomycosis presents a variety of clinical manifestations and paracoccidioides brasiliensis can reach many tissues, most importantly the lungs. the ability of the pathogen to interact with host surface structures is essential to its virulence. the interaction between p. brasiliensis and epithelial cells has been studied, with particular emphasis on the induction of apoptosis. to investigate the expression of different apoptosis-inducing pathways in human a549 cells, we infected these ...200919820837
the paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp70 antigen is encoded by a putative member of the flavoproteins monooxygenase family.glycoprotein gp70 is an important intracellular antigen from paracoccidioides brasiliensis that elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses. herein, the pbgp70 gene cloning from isolate pb18 using internal peptide sequence information is reported. the deduced protein sequence bears two n-glycosylation sites, antigenic sites and two mouse t-cell epitopes. anti-recombinant gp70 (rpbgp70) polyclonal antibodies reacted with a 70-kda component in total cell extract of p. brasiliensis, while ma ...201019825426
organization and evolutionary trajectory of the mating type (mat) locus in dermatophyte and dimorphic fungal pathogens.sexual reproduction in fungi is governed by a specialized genomic region, the mating type (mat) locus, whose gene identity, organization, and complexity are diverse. we identified the mat locus of five dermatophyte fungal pathogens (microsporum gypseum, microsporum canis, trichophyton equinum, trichophyton rubrum, and trichophyton tonsurans) and a dimorphic fungus, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and performed phylogenetic analyses. the identified mat locus idiomorphs of m. gypseum control cell t ...201019880755
tlr-2, tlr-4 and dectin-1 expression in human monocytes and neutrophils stimulated by paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is an endemic mycosis in latin america caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the pattern of the immune responses to p. brasiliensis determines the disease progression and clinical outcome. innate immune response is mediated by phagocytic cells, such as macrophage and neutrophils, which ingest and kill invading pathogens and then trigger the adaptive immune system through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. the c-type like lectin recepto ...200919888805
the malate synthase of paracoccidioides brasiliensis pb01 is required in the glyoxylate cycle and in the allantoin degradation pathway.in the present study, we examined the characteristics of cdna, the regulation of the gene expression of paracoccidioides brasiliensis mls (pbmls), and the enzymatic activity of the protein p. brasiliensis mls (pbmls) from the p. brasiliensis pb01 isolate. pbmls cdna contains 1617 bp, encoding a protein of 539 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 60 kda. the protein presents the mlss family signature, the catalytic residues essential for enzymatic activity and the peroxisomal/glyoxysoma ...200919888806
purification of paracoccidioides brasiliensis catalase p: subsequent kinetic and stability studies.catalases are essential components of the cellular equipment to cope with oxidative stress. here we have purified a highly abundant catalase p of paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pbcatp) that is preferentially expressed in the parasitic yeast phase. this oxidative stress-induced protein was isolated from yeast cells grown in the presence of 15 mm of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)). we have used consecutive steps of protein precipitation and gel filtration chromatography to achieve the purified protei ...201019897569
paracoccin from paracoccidioides brasiliensis; purification through affinity with chitin and identification of n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase activity.the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, the most frequent systemic mycosis in latin america. our group has been working with paracoccin, a p. brasiliensis lectin with mm 70 kda, which is purified by affinity with immobilized n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac). paracoccin has been described to play a role in fungal adhesion to extracellular matrix components and to induce high and persistent levels of tnfalpha and nitric oxide production by m ...201019908201
importance of xenarthrans in the eco-epidemiology of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.several pathogens that cause important zoonotic diseases have been frequently associated with armadillos and other xenarthrans. this mammal group typically has evolved on the south american continent and many of its extant species are seriously threatened with extinction. natural infection of armadillos with paracoccidioides brasiliensis in hyperendemic areas has provided a valuable opportunity for understanding the role of this mammal in the eco-epidemiology of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), one ...200919919716
presence and expression of the mating type locus in paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates.paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been classified in the phylum ascomycota, order onygenales, family ajellomycetaceae, even in the absence of a known sexual cycle or mating system. the objective of this work was to determine the presence of the mating type locus in 71 p. brasiliensis isolates from various sources. a pcr assay using specific primers for the mat 1 gene was developed and applied for the detection of such genes. two heterothallic groups (mat1-1 or mat1-2) were recognized and, in som ...201019932183
tgf-beta and cd23 are involved in nitric oxide production by pulmonary macrophages activated by beta-glucan from paracoccidioides brasiliensis.pulmonary macrophages (pm), which are cd11b/cd18(+) and cd23(+), may be involved in the onset of inflammatory events caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the lungs. in the present study, we measured the nitric oxide (no) and interleukin in pm production after intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation of an enriched beta-glucan cell wall fraction from p. brasiliensis (fraction f1). balb/c and c57/bl6 (b6) mice were i.t. treated with fraction f1, and their pm were restimulated in vitro with lps and i ...201019949959
detection of a homotetrameric structure and protein-protein interactions of paracoccidioides brasiliensis formamidase lead to new functional insights.abstract paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes paracoccidioidomycosis, a systemic mycosis in latin america. formamidases hydrolyze formamide, putatively plays a role in fungal nitrogen metabolism. an abundant 45-kda protein was identified as the p. brasiliensis formamidase. in this study, recombinant formamidase was overexpressed in bacteria and a polyclonal antibody to this protein was produced. we identified a 180-kda protein species reactive to the antibody produced in mice against the p. bras ...200920002196
toll-like receptor 4 signaling leads to severe fungal infection associated with enhanced proinflammatory immunity and impaired expansion of regulatory t cells.toll-like receptors (tlrs) present in innate immune cells recognize pathogen molecular patterns and influence immunity to control the host-parasite interaction. the objective of this study was to characterize the involvement of tlr4 in the innate and adaptive immunity to paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the most important primary fungal pathogen of latin america. we compared the responses of c3h/hej mice, which are naturally defective in tlr4 signaling, with those of c3h/hepas mice, which express ...201020008536
characterization of a secreted aspartyl protease of the fungal pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a thermally dimorphic fungus that causes paracoccidioidomycosis, a human systemic disease prevalent in latin america. proteases have been described as playing an important role in the host invasion process in many pathogenic microorganisms. here we describe the identification and characterization of a secreted aspartyl protease (pbsap), isolated from a cdna library constructed with rnas of mycelia transitioning to yeast cells. recombinant pbsap was produced in es ...200920028235
the malate synthase of paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a linked surface protein that behaves as an anchorless adhesin.the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). this is a pulmonary mycosis acquired by inhalation of fungal airborne propagules that can disseminate to several organs and tissues leading to a severe form of the disease. adhesion and invasion to host cells are essential steps involved in the internalization and dissemination of pathogens. inside the host, p. brasiliensis may use the glyoxylate cycle for intracellular survival.200920034376
expression of paracoccidioides brasiliensis chs3 in a saccharomyces cerevisiae chs3 null mutant demonstrates its functionality as a chitin synthase gene.we report the isolation and sequencing of chs3, a gene that encodes one of several chitin synthases in paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a medically important fungus restricted geographically to latin america. the gene contains a single open reading frame of 3817 bp with two introns (71 and 86 bp) and encodes a 1220 amino acid polypeptide with high similarity to other fungal chitin synthases. northern analysis reveals a high expression of chs3 in the pathogenic yeast-like phase of the fungus and at ...201020037924
polymorphism in the flanking regions of the pbgp43 gene from the human pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis: search for protein binding sequences and poly(a) cleavage sites.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a thermo-dimorphic fungus that causes paracoccidiodomycosis (pcm). glycoprotein gp43 is the fungal main diagnostic antigen, which can also protect against murine pcm and interact with extracellular matrix proteins. it is structurally related to glucanases, however not active, and whose expression varies considerably. we have presently studied polymorphisms in the pbgp43 flanking regions to help understand such variations.200920042084
hsp65 dna as therapeutic strategy to treat experimental paracoccidioidomycosis.the conventional treatment for paracoccidioidomycosis, the most prevalent mycosis in latin america, involves long periods of therapy resulting in sequels and high frequency of relapses. the search for new alternatives of treatment is necessary. previously, we have demonstrated that the hsp65 gene from mycobacterium leprae shows prophylactic effects against murine paracoccidioidomycosis. here, we tested the dnahsp65 immunotherapy in balb/c mice infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the age ...201020045500
[endemic fungal pathogens in a rural setting of argentina: seroepidemiological study in dogs].three fungal species causing human disease, namely paracoccidioides brasiliensis, histoplasma capsulatum and coccidioides sp., are endemic in different areas of argentina. rates of infection in domestic dogs have been used in other latin american countries as indicators of the presence of these pathogens in a given area. we used such an approach to investigate the epidemiological relevance of paracoccidiodomycosis, histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis in our country.201020097588
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of two beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase homologs of coccidioides posadasii.two full-length cdnas were isolated from coccidioides posadasii that encode two deduced proteins (cphex1 and cphex2) with homology to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family of beta-n-acetylhexosaminidases. cphex1 consists of 595 amino acids, has a predicted molecular mass of 68 kda and shares the highest identity with the n-acetylhexosaminidase (naga) of aspergillus nidulans, while cphex2 consists of 603 amino acids, has a predicted molecular mass of 68.5 kda and shares the highest identity with nag1 ...201020109094
chapter 6--paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the disease is restricted to latin america. it is the principal systemic mycosis in brazil, with higher incidences in the southern, southeastern and central regions. the disease is acquired by inhaling fungal propagules. in endemic areas, the primary infection occurs during childhood and involves the immune system. the most common chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis in adults is the mult ...200920126928
primary complex of paracoccidioidomycosis and hypereosinophilia.primary infection with paracoccidioides brasiliensis has rarely been observed. a 28-year-old male patient presented with a three-month history of fever, respiratory symptoms and malaise. chest x-rays revealed bilateral apical infiltrates, right pleuritis and hilar lymphadenomegaly. the patient presented with leukocytosis, severe eosinophilia and increasing titers of anti-p. brasiliensis antibodies in serum. to our knowledge, this is the first report of the primary pulmonary lymph node complex of ...200920126931
poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) nanoparticles markedly improve immunological protection provided by peptide p10 against murine paracoccidioidomycosis.background and purpose: the present study reports on the preparation and testing of a sustained delivery system for the immunomodulatory peptide p10 aimed at reducing the in vivo degradation of the peptide and the amount required to elicit a protective immune response against paracoccidioidomycosis. experimental approach: balb/c mice were infected with the yeast paracoccidioides brasiliensis to mimic the chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis. the animals were treated daily with sulfamethoxazole ...201020136827
effect of anti-glycosphingolipid monoclonal antibodies in pathogenic fungal growth and differentiation. characterization of monoclonal antibody mest-3 directed to manpalpha1-->3manpalpha1-->2ipc.studies carried out during the 1990's demonstrated the presence of fungal glycoinositol phosphorylceramides (gipcs) with unique structures, some of them showed reactivity with sera of patients with histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis or aspergillosis. it was also observed that fungal gipcs were able to inhibit t lymphocyte proliferation "in vitro", and studies regarding the importance of these molecules to fungal survival showed that many species of fungi are vulnerable to inhibitors of sphin ...201020156351
expression of activation and cytotoxic molecules by peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis.in a previous study, we reported an increased number of t cd8(+) cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) of patients with pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis, suggesting a role for these cells in the local immune response. the aims of this study were to verify, by flow cytometry, the activation state, as well as the production of cytotoxic molecules by peripheral blood lymphocytes (cd8(+) and cd4(+)). specimens were obtained from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), individuals with pcm-in ...201020163282
identification and characterization of tc1/mariner-like dna transposons in genomes of the pathogenic fungi of the paracoccidioides species complex.paracoccidioides brasiliensis (eukaryota, fungi, ascomycota) is a thermodimorphic fungus, the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, the most important systemic mycoses in latin america. three isolates corresponding to distinct phylogenetic lineages of the paracoccidioides species complex had their genomes sequenced. in this study the identification and characterization of class ii transposable elements in the genomes of these fungi was carried out.201020178623
acute disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis in a 3 year-old child.clinical cases involving paracoccidioidomycosis in children, diagnosed in mato grosso state, in the central western region of brazil, are rare despite the state being classified with a moderate to high incidence. we describe a clinical case of infant acute disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis in mato grosso state, brazil, highlighting the importance of early differential diagnosis from other severe pathologies, thus contributing to the survival of compromised patients. a 3 year-old male child, we ...200920191206
effects of a high-protein diet on host resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mice.we investigated the effects of high protein intake on host resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis. two-d fasted mice were infected with p. brasiliensis and refed on diets with three different levels (54%, 20%, and 5%) of casein. the mice refed the 54% casein diet showed reduced antifungal activity in the spleen and liver as compared with the mice refed the 5% or the 20% casein diet. after infection, increases in spleen and liver mrna levels of myeloperoxidase, cathepsin-g, and elastase-2 we ...201020208341
simultaneous infection of human host with genetically distinct isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.this study is the first report on genetic differences between isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from a single patient. we describe a simultaneous infection with genetically distinct isolates of p. brasiliensis in a patient with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis. the clinical isolates were obtained from lesions in different anatomical sites and were characterised by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. the rapd technique can be helpful for distinguishing between clinical isolate ...201020209331
[systemic mycosis: factors associated with death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil, 2005-2008].between 2005 and 2008, the prevalence of systemic mycosis among 1,300 hiv/aids patients in cuiabá, mato grosso, was 4.6%. the fungus species isolated were cryptococcus neoformans in 50%, cryptococcus gattii in 1.6%, cryptococcus spp in 6.6%, histoplasma capsulatum in 38.3% and paracoccidioides brasiliensis in 3.3%. death was recorded in the cases of 32 patients (53.3%), and cryptococcosis was the main cause. the cd4+ t lymphocyte count was low and similar among patients who survived or died due ...200920209358
[not available]. 194720251956
[not available]. 194720251959
antifungal activity of trichothecenes from fusarium sp. against clinical isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.summary paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), a human mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is a serious public health problem in several countries of latin america. in our search we found that the crude extract of the endophytic fungus ufmgcb 551 was able to inhibit several clinical strains of p. brasiliensis, and was also active in the bioautographic assay against cladosporium sphaerospermum. the endophytic fungus ufmgcb 551 was isolated from the plant piptadenia adiant ...201020337937
the isolation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from a case of south american blastomycosis. 194720342014
first description of a cluster of acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis cases and its association with a climatic anomaly.identifying clusters of acute paracoccidioidomycosis cases could potentially help in identifying the environmental factors that influence the incidence of this mycosis. however, unlike other endemic mycoses, there are no published reports of clusters of paracoccidioidomycosis.201020361032
paracoccidioides brasiliensis uses endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acid for pge x production.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, the most prevalent deep mycosis in latin america. production of eicosanoids during fungal infections plays a critical role on fungal biology as well as on host immune response modulation. the purpose of our study was to assess whether p. brasiliensis strains with different degree of virulence (pb18, pb265, bt79, pb192) produce prostaglandin e(x) (pge(x)). moreover, we asked if p. brasiliensis could use exogenous sources of ara ...201020364371
role of tlr2 and tlr4 in human neutrophil functions against paracoccidioides brasiliensis.in paracoccidioidomycosis, a systemic mycosis caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb), studies have focused on the role of neutrophils that are involved in primary response to the fungus. neutrophil functions are regulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are not fully understood, but there are strong evidences about the involvement of toll-like receptors (tlr). we aimed at evaluating tlr2 and tlr4 expression on human neut ...201020384861
protection against paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection conferred by the prophylactic administration of native and recombinant artinm.we determined the prophylactic effect of both the d-mannose-binding lectin artinm extracted from the seeds of artocarpus integrifolia (jackfruit) and its recombinant counterpart during the course of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis induced in balb/c mice. four experimental protocols of prophylaxis were employed to evaluate the most protective regimen of artinm administration. it was demonstrated that the best effect was obtained by administration of two artinm doses on days 10 and 3 before th ...201020392144
Refresh
firstprev
...111213141516
nextlast
Displaying items 1001 - 1100 of 1506