Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| role of genes 4 and 6 for the expression of some biological properties of influenza virus a/pr/8/34. | genetic composition and biological properties of influenza virus recombinants a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and a/greifswald/6/74 (h3n2) were analysed. the haemagglutinin (ha) gene of the strain a/pr/8/34 was shown an important part of the gene complex determining the virulence for mice, the yield of ha and the plaque forming capacity. the exchange of the ha gene with that of an another strain led to a drastic reduction of these properties. on the other hand, the introduction of the ha gene of a/pr/8/34 stra ... | 1983 | 6140830 |
| k2-tartarate gradient centrifugation in the isolation of purified influenza virus haemagglutinin after bromelain cleavage. | a method of haemagglutinin (ha) purification by means of k2-tartarate gradient centrifugation is described. different influenza virus strains possessing the antigenic formulas h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2 yielded pure and immunologically active ha samples. | 1983 | 6140831 |
| blastogenic lymphocyte response as indicator of cell-mediated immunity in humans vaccinated with live and inactivated influenza vaccines. | the level and dynamics of lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and to specific influenza virus antigen were studied in 3 groups of humans, vaccinated with live or inactivated whole virion influenza vaccines (h3n2 type) and placebo (control group). both live and inactivated influenza vaccines did not change significantly the functional activity of t lymphocytes as determined by the mean values of stimulation index (si). the analysis of individual values of pha-depende ... | 1983 | 6140837 |
| advantage of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza a virus over inactivated vaccine for a/washington/80 (h3n2) wild-type virus infection. | the efficacy of live attenuated cold-adapted (ca) reassortant influenza virus vaccine against experimental challenge with homologous wild-type virus 5 to 8 weeks after vaccination was compared with that of licensed inactivated vaccine in 81 seronegative (haemagglutination-inhibition antibody titre less than or equal to 1:8) college students. at a dose of 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infectious dose (tcid50) (70 hid50, human 50% infectious doses) the live virus vaccine, given intranasally, complete ... | 1984 | 6143042 |
| antiviral activity of aryl-furfurane derivatives. | of 27 aryl-furfurane derivatives (afd) studied, 13 compounds were found to have antiviral activity against echo 6, herpes simplex, vaccinia, and influenza a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) viruses, the highest inhibition being observed with echo 6 virus. the maximum tolerated concentrations (matc) of afd inhibited the macromolecular syntheses in echo 6 virus-infected cell cultures. | 1984 | 6143495 |
| location of ts defects in the genome of cold-adapted recombinant influenza a virus vaccine strains. | the ts phenotype and location of ts mutations were studied in the genome of parent viruses and those obtained by recombination of cold-adapted strains a/leningrad/134/17/57 or a/leningrad/134/47/57 with epidemic h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus strains. the epidemic h1n1 and h3n2 strains under study possessed a ts phenotype and contained ts mutations in one or two genes. the ts phenotype was lost following three clonings at 40 degrees c, suggesting that influenza virus strains isolated from human ... | 1984 | 6147996 |
| the intestine of ferret--a possible site of influenza virus replication. | anal virus shedding and stimulation of the immune response were observed in ferrets after oral and rectal administration of influenza a/hongkong/1/68 (h3n2) virus. despite of the low ph in the stomach, the virus had reached the intestines after oral administration and was found in high concentration in faeces and in mucosal cells lining the colon. using immunofluorescent staining, the virus antigen was detected in cytoplasm of columnar epithelial cells. virus replication also occurred in the res ... | 1984 | 6148853 |
| genome analysis of epidemic influenza virus strains isolated in 1979-1983. | comparative studies on the electrophoretic mobility of double-stranded rna segments constructed of the genome of isolates under study and of reference influenza virus strains of respective serotypes are suggestive for the evolution of majority of the genes of both a and b influenza viruses, including their genes coding for non-glycosylated proteins. among influenza a and b virus strains which were circulating during the same epidemic, there were variants differing from each other in a number of ... | 1984 | 6152126 |
| [heterogeneity of monospecific antibodies to the hemagglutinin of influenza virus h3n2 studied by radioimmunological analysis]. | heterogeneity of antibodies against influenza virus hemagglutinin has been confirmed. various subpopulations of antibodies to the a/khabarovsk/15/76 hemagglutinin were demonstrated some of which showed greater affinity to mrc-11 hemagglutinin than to the ha of the strain inducing this antibody synthesis. apparently subpopulations of antibodies with low affinity to their "own" epitopes in the hemagglutinin-immunogen may develop which, however, may show a sufficiently high affinity to these epitop ... | 1984 | 6084896 |
| prevalence of antibodies against respiratory viruses in children of koulikoro (mali). | the prevalence of antibodies to viruses associated with respiratory illnesses (influenza, corona, r.s., adeno, parainfluenza mycoplasma pneumoniae) has been investigated in 119 children under 3 years of age (koulikoro region mali) and 50 persons 15-19 years of age (bamako/mali). in the surveillance period (march 1982-september 1982) an outbreak of respiratory disease in association with rs virus took place. a rise of cf titer has been found in 90.8% of the children; 59.1% of them presented a fou ... | 1984 | 6087520 |
| cytotoxic t cell recognition of the influenza nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin expressed in transfected mouse l cells. | l cells expressing either the a/nt/60/68 nucleoprotein or the a/pr/8/34 (h1) hemagglutinin by dna mediated gene transfer were used to investigate recognition by influenza a specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). a subpopulation of ctl that recognized the h1 hemagglutinin was detected in mice primed with either a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) or a/jap/305/57 (h2n2) influenza viruses. however, neither ctl from mice primed with a/nt/60/68 (h3n2) nor the recombinant virus x31 (h3n2) showed any activity on l cells ... | 1984 | 6091906 |
| from the national institutes of health. summary of a meeting on the origin of pandemic influenza viruses. | influenza type a virus periodically undergoes major antigenic shifts in which the hemagglutinin (hag) and sometimes the neuraminidase (na) antigens are replaced by hag and na antigens of another subtype. three such shifts have taken place since the virus was first isolated, and all appear to have occurred in china. the way in which these "new" influenza type a viruses suddenly appear (or reappear) in the human population is not known. at a meeting held in beijing, china, on november 10-12, 1982, ... | 1984 | 6198405 |
| most influenza a virus-specific memory cytotoxic t lymphocytes react with antigenic epitopes associated with internal virus determinants. | this paper shows that most murine (c57bl/6) influenza a virus-specific memory cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones tested in limiting dilution did not react with the influenza a virus surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). this lysis of syngeneic target cells infected with the influenza a virus strains, aichi (h3n2), pr8 (h1n1), or recombinant strain x31 (h3n2) indicates that most antigenic epitopes recognized are associated with internal virus determinants. x31 and pr8 ... | 1984 | 6198430 |
| suppression of influenza virus replication in infected mice by protease inhibitors. | administration of the protease inhibitors, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or aprotinins, to mice infected with mouse-adapted influenza virus strain a/pr/8/34 (hon1) and a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) reduced virus replication in the lungs. up to 100-fold reduction of virus titre and virus-induced neuraminidase activity were revealed in mouse lungs under protease inhibitor treatment. as a result, drug-treated mice rapidly cleared the virus from their lungs. the predominant synthesis was of non-infectious virions ... | 1984 | 6198446 |
| recognition of influenza a virus nucleoprotein by an h-2-restricted cytotoxic t-cell clone. | cytotoxic t-cell clones raised against x-31 (h3n2) influenza virus in c57bl/6 mice can be directed against an influenza a virus subtype specific determinant (1). a representative t-cell clone (a3.1) has been used in combination with a set of genetically typed recombinant viruses, to show that the a/pr/8/34 nucleoprotein can be responsible for cytotoxic t-lymphocyte recognition of infected target cells. | 1984 | 6200990 |
| [combined use of interferon inducers and recombinant influenza viruses for protection from the disease]. | the data on the use of national interferon inducers ( polyguacyl and double-stranded rna) in combination with original h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses and recombinant strains with the same antigenic properties in laboratory animals are presented. recombinants were found to produce a more marked effect: 3--6-fold increased protection of mice depending on the interferon inducer, higher titres of interferon and antibody, than the original influenza viruses. a simultaneous use of interferon inducers ... | 1984 | 6203227 |
| an antigenic map of the haemagglutinin of the influenza hong kong subtype (h3n2), constructed using mouse monoclonal antibodies. | panels of monoclonal antibodies were raised to the haemagglutinin of strains of the hong kong subtype of influenza (h3n2), namely hong kong 1968, england 1972, port chalmers 1973, victoria 1975 and texas 1977. the probable binding sites of individual antibodies in each panel were determined by correlation of cross-reactivity with 16 heterologous strains from the same subtype, and amino acid differences between their haemagglutinin molecules. this led to an approximation of the "average repertoir ... | 1984 | 6205255 |
| metaplasia of the lung respiratory epithelium and antibody dynamics in mice repeatedly infected with various subtypes of influenza virus a. | mice were repeatedly infected with consecutive doses of mouse-adapted strains of influenza virus a hon1, h1n1, h2n2, and h3n2. homo- and heterologous antibody levels as well as the incidence of metaplasia were followed. statistically significant correlation was found between the metaplasia incidence and higher level of antibodies homologous to virus used for a given challenge dose. | 1984 | 6205549 |
| the dynamics of serum antibodies and metaplasia of the lung respiratory epithelium in influenza-virus-preimmunized mice subjected to immunosuppression. | mice preimmunized with influenza virus a scotland 840/74 h3n2 were given cyclophosphamide or hydrocortisone, then challenged with the same active virus. serum antibody levels and metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium were followed for the next two weeks. administration of the immunosuppressors was found to decrease antibody levels, and to delay the appearance of metaplasia by 7 days as compared with controls. | 1984 | 6205551 |
| the influenza a virus nucleoprotein gene controls the induction of both subtype specific and cross-reactive cytotoxic t cells. | using genetically typed recombinant influenza a viruses that differ only in their genes for nucleoprotein, we have demonstrated that repeated stimulation in vitro of c57bl/6 spleen cells primed in vivo with e61-13-h17 (h3n2) virus results in the selection of a population of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) whose recognition of infected target cells maps to the gene for nucleoprotein of the 1968 virus. influenza a viruses isolated between 1934 and 1979 fall into two groups defined by their ability t ... | 1984 | 6206181 |
| [inhibition of the hemolytic activity of influenza viruses by antibody]. | haemolysis caused by influenza viruses is known to occur below ph 6; the ph-optimum for each virus strain is different. clear dose-effect correlations were found to prevail between the amount of haemolysis and virus concentration. antibody-mediated inhibition of haemolysis has been investigated with the strain a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and the recombinant x-73 (h3n2). inhibition of haemolysis by antisera against different influenza. a virus subtypes suggests that haemolysis inhibiting antibodies are not ... | 1984 | 6207814 |
| antigenic analyses of influenza virus haemagglutinins with different receptor-binding specificities. | monoclonal antibodies were used to compare the antigenicities of the haemagglutinins of two receptor binding mutants of x-31 (h3n2) influenza virus. the mutants which differed from each other in recognizing sialic acid in either alpha 2-6 linkage or alpha 2-3 linkage to galactose also differed exclusively at residue 226 of the ha1 polypeptides of their haemagglutinins (g. n. rogers, j. c. paulson, r. s. daniels, j. j. skehel, i. a. wilson, and d. c. wiley, nature (london) 304, 76-78, 1983). the ... | 1984 | 6208680 |
| nucleoproteins of animal influenza viruses, in contrast to those of human strains, are not cleaved in infected cells. | we previously reported that nucleoproteins (nps) of human influenza viruses are cleaved in infected cells and, as a result, two forms of np, uncleaved (mol. wt. 56000) and cleaved (mol. wt. 53000) were accumulated late in infection. here, we report that nps of animal influenza viruses of non-human origin (isolated from pigs, equids , seals, whales, birds) exhibited proteolytic resistance in infected cells and did not undergo a change in mol. wt. in the course of infection. the resistance of the ... | 1984 | 6374032 |
| influenza a virus infection imitating bacterial sepsis in early infancy. | clinical and laboratory data of 12 previously healthy infants under 3 months of age hospitalized for suspected sepsis and subsequently diagnosed as suffering from influenza a viral infection were obtained prospectively during two epidemics of influenza a/bangkok/h3n2 epidemics. the onset of the illness was generally acute, and the infants presented with high fever, lethargy often alternating with irritability, anorexia and signs of upper respiratory tract infection. history of contact with at le ... | 1984 | 6377255 |
| trials of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. (mrc advisory group on pulmonary function tests in relation to live influenza vaccines). | three controlled trials of attenuated live influenza vaccines in patients with chronic bronchitis with airways obstruction are described. a recombinant virus with parentage from pr8/34 (h1n1) and a/alaska/77 (h3n2) was present in the vaccine (rit 4199) used in the first two trials. in the third trial a cold-adapted recombinant virus vaccine (a/washington/80, h3n2) was used. no adverse effects were noted in the first two trials in which half of the patients responded serologically to the vaccine. ... | 1984 | 6378239 |
| interpretation of responses and protective levels of antibody against attenuated influenza a viruses using single radial haemolysis. | antibody determinations against h3n2 and h1n1 type a influenza viruses were carried out on paired sera obtained from volunteers taking part in influenza virus vaccine studies, using both the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and single radial haemolysis (srh) test. good correlation between the hi and srh test was found for both h3n2 and h1n1 antibody and the zone area increases corresponding to significant srh antibody rises determined for both virus strains. in both h3n2 and h1n1 vaccine studie ... | 1984 | 6389697 |
| analysis by monoclonal antibodies of h3n2 subtype of influenza a viruses in japan and south east asia during 1980-1982. | 1984 | 6431023 | |
| the role of hypothalamic centres in the immune specific response. | four groups of rats were bilaterally lesioned in the anterior, lateral, tuberal and mammillary areas of hypothalamus. seven days later these rats, as well as controls, were immunized concomitantly with three antigens: salmonella enteritidis, sheep red blood cells and myxovirus influenzae a (h3n2). the primary and the secondary response were tested. the bacterial and erythrocytic antigens, with marked immunogenetic capacity, produced immune responses, which were not significantly influenced by hy ... | 1984 | 6441174 |
| lung alterations in guinea-pigs infected with influenza virus. | guinea-pigs were infected intranasally with influenza a hong kong 68 (h3n2) virus. infective particles were re-isolated from lung homogenates up to 3 days after inoculation and indicated local replication. the subsequent lung inflammatory stages were studied by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (tem). lung alterations appeared after 24 h and intensified up to 7 days after virus inoculation, progressively decreasing until 3 weeks thereafter. the damage was reversible ... | 1984 | 6330181 |
| results of a two-year study of humoral immunity to influenza a and b viruses in children under the age of 14 years in moscow and its suburbs. | a serological survey of antibodies to influenza a(h1n1), a(h2n2), a(h3n2) and b viruses was done with sera collected in moscow in october 1980 and november 1981 from 542 children under 14 years of age. the results of the study showed convincingly that influenza a(h2n2) viruses were not circulating in moscow in 1980-81. low titres found in the sera from four young children were due to cross-reactions which were eliminated from the sera by absorption with a/ussr/174/79(h3n2) virus. low-level hi ti ... | 1984 | 6609021 |
| priming of virus-immune memory t cells in newborn mice. | neonatal balb/c mice can be primed at birth by intravenous inoculation of a small dose of a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1) (pr8) influenza virus. uv-inactivated pr8 virus, or pr8 virus complexed with monoclonal antibody to give a secondary cytotoxic t lymphocyte response when restimulated in vitro as adults. the frequency of responding t cells after secondary stimulation in vitro is approximately 40% of that found for adult mice primed intraperitoneally with a large dose of pr8 virus. the majority of t ... | 1984 | 6606624 |
| specificity of in vitro anti-influenza virus antibody production by human lymphocytes: analysis of original antigenic sin by limiting dilution cultures. | the fine specificity of the antibody produced in in vitro cultures of human lymphocytes stimulated with influenza virus was investigated. the antibody was specific for the stimulating type of virus in that cultures stimulated with type b influenza virus made little or no antibody to type a viruses and vice versa. there was a degree of cross-reactivity among the type a viruses, however, both within and between subtypes. in general, more antibody was made to the stimulating strain of virus than to ... | 1984 | 6606679 |
| [circulation of influenza a virus (h3n2) and its role in the occurrence of epidemics 1976-1981]. | in 1976-1981 the etiology of influenza epidemics was mixed, influenza viruses a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b taking part in them simultaneously. the active circulation of influenza virus strains with different antigenic structures was established: influenza virus a(h3n2) circulated in 1976, and since november 1977 simultaneous spread of influenza viruses a(h3n2) and a(h1n1) was observed, the epidemic activity of strain a(h3n2) being noticeably decreased during this period; in the autumn and winter month ... | 1984 | 6231786 |
| [characteristics of the causative agents of the influenza a (h3n2) epidemic in leningrad in 1983]. | investigation of influenza a (h3n2) epidemic of 1983 in leningrad revealed simultaneous circulation of 3 antigenic variants similar to a/bangkok/1/79, a/bangkok/2/79, and a/philippines/2/82 with significant predominance of the first antigenic variant. the viruses related to a/philippines/2/82 comprising one-third of all isolations produced antibodies of a wide spectrum unlike the other two variants whose antisera neutralize actively the homologous virus only. the possibility of selecting epidemi ... | 1984 | 6235673 |
| [comparative studies on the detection of antibodies to influenza virus antigen using enzyme immunoassay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis]. | antibodies to influenza nib-6 (h1n1) and a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) were measured by enzyme immunoassay (eia) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) in sera from 87 adult volunteers following influenza vaccination. the results of both methods correlated with each other (r = 0,41 and r = 0,32 for both viruses). the eia procedure employed in the present study was more sensitive than the cie. | 1984 | 6390994 |
| influenza virus in ruminants: a review. | the host range and pathology of influenza viruses in ruminants is not yet known. however, based on published results of serological and viral studies the following epidemiological features are documented. positive serology using the complement-fixation technique has been reported for a2/japan/305/57, sw/15, sw/shope/58, a/equi/prague/57, and b/johannesburg/59 in the united states and against a and b viruses in italy. using the hemagglutination inhibition test, positive findings have been reporte ... | 1984 | 6390588 |
| [immunogenic properties of epidemic and recombinant strains of influenza viruses h1n1 and h3n2]. | the study of the immunogenic properties of epidemic influenza viruses h1n1 and h3n2 isolated from patients in 1979-1982 revealed a high immunogenic activity of h3n2 viruses. recombinant strains of both subtypes (h1n1 and h3n2) had a higher immunogenicity than the original viruses. the intensity of immunity determined for an antigenically close pathogenic strain was considerably higher than for an antigenically remote pathogenic virus which is important for obtaining accurate information on the i ... | 1984 | 6464424 |
| transplacental passage of influenza a/bangkok (h3n2) mimicking amniotic fluid infection syndrome. | influenza virus infection complicating pregnancy remains a matter of concern because of the frequency of these infections and possible associated increased maternal and perinatal risks. influenza a/bangkok (h3n2) infection occurred in a gravid woman in association with fever, chills, and uterine tenderness and contractions together with maternal and fetal tachycardia. initial evaluations led to consideration of amniotic fluid infection syndrome with planned termination of the pregnancy. examinat ... | 1984 | 6465250 |
| safety of prolonged administration of rimantadine hydrochloride in the prophylaxis of influenza a virus infections in nursing homes. | we evaluated the safety of rimantadine hydrochloride (rh) prophylaxis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in three nursing homes during a community epidemic of influenza a (h3n2). although daily monitoring of the 35 participants revealed an association between rh administration (100 mg twice a day) and the development of nausea and anxiety (p less than 0.05), these and other potential side effects were transient and were rarely considered to be clinically significant. serum rh levels mea ... | 1984 | 6476812 |
| [detection of influenza virus a antigens by radioimmunological methods in patients' nasopharyngeal washings]. | 9olid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria) was used for the detection of influenza a (h3n2,h1n1) and b viruses in nasopharyngeal washings of patients admitted in january-march, 1983, to the 1st clinical hospital of moscow city with acute respiratory diseases. the solid phase consisted of nitrocellulose filters and plastic plates which were coated with nasopharyngeal washings of the patients. rabbit or horse antiviral immunoglobulins were used as antibodies. 125i-labeled protein a was the indicator sys ... | 1984 | 6495704 |
| live attenuated influenza a virus vaccines in children: results of a field trial. | one hundred three young children were inoculated intranasally with either influenza a/california/10/78 cold-recombinant vaccine (10(6.7) 50% tissue culture infective doses [tcid50] per child), cr-37 (h1n1), or influenza a/washington/897/80 cold-recombinant vaccine (10(6.5) tcid50 per child), cr-48 (h3n2). the vaccine was well tolerated. of the 51 children vaccinated with cr-37 (h1n1), 45 were initially seronegative for this virus; 33 of the 45 became infected with the vaccine virus, as indicated ... | 1984 | 6501927 |
| [immunity against influenza virus types a and b in the ruhr region]. | haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against influenza virus types a and b were determined in the sera of 733 healthy persons among the population of the ruhr region. the receptivity rate for the total population to strains a/philippines 2/82 (h3n2) and a/brazil 1/78 (h1n1) was 60% and 80%, respectively. it was as high as greater than 95% with respect to type b (hongkong). these findings support the call for more widespread anti-influenza vaccination during the winter half-year. | 1984 | 6510247 |
| [persistent influenza virus infection in a mdck cell culture]. | a model of persistent influenza infection (pii) induced by influenza a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2) virus in mdck cell culture has been constructed. the model was observed for 165 days. it was characterized by the lack of visible signs of virus reproduction, a low number of antigen-containing cells (0.02-0.05%), irregular virus isolation (at 20, 28, 32, 44, 52, 62, 92, 135, 148, 158 days after primary inoculation) which was possible only with special methods. interferon and dip were found not to be the ... | 1984 | 6516326 |
| [changes in the population composition of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and the humoral immune response of persons inoculated with live influenza vaccines]. | live influenza vaccines prepared from influenza virus strains h/32/5 (h1n1) and h/1/2/17 (h3n2) induce the formation of humoral immunity only in a part of the vaccinees and cause the transitory quantitative deficiency of t-lymphocytes in their blood, resulting in the poorly pronounced booster effect of the subsequent revaccination. | 1984 | 6524175 |
| studies on the adaptation of influenza viruses to mdck cells. | the amino acid sequences and biological properties of the haemagglutinin of three variants of the influenza virus x-31 (h3n2) selected for their capacity to grow in mdck cells are reported. in two variants, amino acid substitutions at ha1 residues 8 and 144 correlated with the loss of a site for glycosylation and specific changes in antigenicity, respectively. in all three variants substitution of an arginine residue for histidine at ha1 position 17 was correlated with increased ph optima of hae ... | 1984 | 6526017 |
| comparison of monoclonal antibodies with ferret sera for the characterization of influenza a (h3n2) virus strains in a computer system. | a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies was generated against five different influenza a (h3n2) virus strains, isolated between 1977 and 1980. monoclonal antibodies with defined specificities in haemagglutination inhibition tests for the strains against which they had been raised were selected. eventually 18 of these were chosen and tested against a large number of recent h3n2 isolates. the results were compared with those obtained with antisera from ferrets immunized with the five strains menti ... | 1984 | 6526140 |
| responses to one or two doses of a deoxycholate subunit influenza vaccine in a primed population. | a trial with a trivalent influenza subunit vaccine prepared with sodium deoxycholate was carried out in 88 volunteers between may and november 1981. each haemagglutinin antigen was present at 7 micrograms per dose. fourfold or greater haemagglutination inhibition antibody (hi) responses to the h1n1 virus a/brazil/11/78 occurred in 70% of volunteers following a single dose. for the h3n2 virus a/bangkok/1/79 and b/singapore/222/79 these figures were 52 and 11%, respectively. no increase in the ant ... | 1984 | 6531951 |
| inactivated influenza virus vaccines in man: a comparative study of subunit and split vaccines using two methods for assessment of antibody responses. | the serum antibody responses and reactions of volunteers to a trivalent subunit influenza virus vaccine prepared using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) or trivalent split vaccine prepared by ether-extraction, were essentially similar, although the antibody levels to the a/brazil/78 (h1n1) components of the vaccine were greater in volunteers receiving the subunit preparation. antibody responses to the vaccines were assessed using both the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and single radial ... | 1984 | 6531953 |
| characterization of the genotype and level of attenuation of an influenza a reassortant virus produced by mating the xia-ts donor virus with a/beijing/70 (h1n1) wild type virus. | two h1n1 progeny viruses derived by mating the attenuated donor virus, the a/ningxia/72-ts (h3n2), and the a/beijing/70 (h1n1) wild type virus were characterized for their genotype and their level of attenuation in susceptible adult volunteers. one progeny virus, clone px62, was not a reassortant since it received each of its eight rna segments from the h1n1 wild type virus. this virus caused febrile influenza illness. another progeny virus, clone pxh107, was a reassortant which received the gen ... | 1984 | 6531960 |
| use of zwitterionic detergent for the preparation of an influenza virus vaccine. 1: preparation and characterization of disrupted virions. | the zwitterionic, empigen bb an alkylbetaine based on a c12-c14 alcohol was shown to disrupt influenza a and b viruses in such a way as to retain the biological activity of the surface haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) antigens. the optimal conditions required to obtain the maximum recovery of ha and na activity from purified influenza x47 (h3n2) virus concentrate after treatment with empigen, and the nature and the morphological appearance of the empigen-treated preparations both befor ... | 1984 | 6531961 |
| [epidemiologic surveillance of influenza in rome (1981-1982)]. | in the period from september 1981 to april 1982, one strain of influenza virus (a-h3n2) was isolated from 121 throat cultures obtained from patients with acute febrile respiratory disease. a sero-epidemiological survey on 520 serum samples and evaluation of excess mortality from respiratory diseases did not show significant activity of influenza viruses during the period from october 1981 to october 1982. | 1984 | 6534394 |
| influenza surveillance in rio de janeiro between 1980-1981: a virological and serological study. | laboratory surveillance of influenza has shown a low virus activity in rio de janeiro during 1980 and 1981. a few influenza a (h3n2) viruses were isolated in both years during the winter months. serological investigations showed that this subtype has circulated mostly among children under 10 years of age. no h1n1 virus was isolated but an increase in the proportion of adults with antibody to this virus was noted in sera collected in 1981. influenza b virus was isolated from children in the sprin ... | 1984 | 6535914 |
| peculiarities of influenza infection caused by highly and poorly immunogenic strains of influenza virus. | the authors studied the peculiarities of the course of experimental influenza infection induced by the administration of highly and poorly immunogenic strains of influenza virus to mice. influenza viruses with varying immunogenic activity were obtained from the vaccine strain a/victoria/35/72/50 (h3n2) by immunoselection modelling the process of natural selection. the administration of strains with high and poor immunogenicity to mice of the f1 (cba x c57b1) line led to the development of acute ... | 1984 | 6544322 |
| [nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin gene of the influenza virus a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2)]. | 1984 | 6548691 | |
| shared idiotopes among monoclonal antibodies specific for a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and x-31(h3n2) influenza viruses. | a monoclonal antibody specific for the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza a x-31 (h3n2) virus (x-31) was obtained during a fusion of spleen cells from a balb/c mouse immunized with influenza a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) virus (pr8). this monoclonal antibody (py206) shares crossreactive idiotopes expressed on several monoclonal antibodies specific for pr8 ha and x-31 ha as well as an individual idiotope shared with one monoclonal antibody specific for x-31 ha. the presence of shared idiotypy among antibodies of ... | 1984 | 6584913 |
| relative immunogenicity of the cold-adapted influenza virus a/ann arbor/6/60 (a/aa/6/60-ca), recombinants of a/aa/6/60-ca, and parental strains with similar surface antigens. | the immunogenicity of several cold-adapted (ca) viruses was compared in csl mice with that of wild-type parental viruses with similar surface antigens, according to the vaccinating dose required to clear a challenge consisting of 10(4.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses of the wild-type virus. all ca viruses were less immunogenic than their wild-type parental strains by a factor of 10(1.3) to 10(3.4), probably due to the restricted capacity of ca viruses to replicate in the respiratory tracts ... | 1984 | 6693167 |
| studies of a recombinant which inherited the haemagglutinin from the human influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) and other genes from influenza virus a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (h3n8). | a recombinant (r3/3) has been obtained which inherited the gene coding for the haemagglutinin from human influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2), and seven other genes from influenza virus a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (h3n8). the recombinant r3/3 had properties, a ts+ phenotype and a capability of reproducing in chick embryos, similar to those of the duck influenza virus, but, in contrast to this parent, had lost its ability to reproduce in organ cultures of colon of ducks and chickens as well as in mono ... | 1984 | 6693854 |
| combined interferon-alpha 2, rimantadine hydrochloride, and ribavirin inhibition of influenza virus replication in vitro. | recombinant dna-produced human interferon-alpha 2 inhibited the replication of influenza a and b viruses in primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (rmk). human interferon-alpha 2 interacted additively or synergistically with rimantadine hydrochloride or ribavirin in reducing the yield of clinical isolates of either h3n2 or h1n1 subtype influenza a viruses. the combination of human interferon-alpha 2 and ribavirin also inhibited the replication of an influenza b virus to a greater extent than either ... | 1984 | 6703684 |
| human sera possess a limited antibody repertoire to influenza neuraminidase antigenic variants selected in vitro. | four antigenic variants of the neuraminidase (na) of a/texas/77 (h3n2) virus were selected using monoclonal antibody at a frequency of one variant in 10(5) parental virions. the antigenic variants failed to react serologically with the monoclonal antibody used for their selection in vitro. the antigenic variants failed also to react serologically with a proportion of sera from children and adults although all of the sera reacted with the parental a/texas/77 virus. thus, certain human sera have a ... | 1984 | 6707473 |
| epidemiological evaluation of the protection conferred by the nivgrip vaccine against influenza caused by the a(h3n2) virus. | the protection conferred by the inactivated influenza vaccine nivgrip against influenza caused by the a(h3n2) virus was demonstrated in three school communities of a large urban centre during the epidemic outbreaks occurring in the winter season of 1983. the specific protection was reflected by the lower morbidity by influenza-like respiratory infections and by the absence or scarcity of postinfluenza complications in vaccinees. | 1984 | 6710860 |
| [isolation of natural cold variants from influenza virus strains similar to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2)]. | two natural cold variants were isolated from influenza virus strains similar to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) and their antigenic and some biological properties were studied in comparison with the original strains. no correlation between the temperature sensitivity of the strains and other properties was found. | 1984 | 6710976 |
| [molecular genetic analysis of a cold-adapted donor attenuation strain for a pediatric liver influenza vaccine, of recombinants based on it and of isolates from vaccinated children]. | the recombination test demonstrated that in the genome of a highly attenuated cold-adapted variant of influenza a/leningrad/134/47/57 virus five genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins (1, 2, 5, 7, 8) carried ts mutations. hybridization of this variant with epidemically important strains of influenza h1n1 and h3n2 viruses produced recombinants which inherited hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the epidemic strains and 5 (h1n1) and 6 (h3n2) genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins from the c ... | 1984 | 6710977 |
| [cold-adapted strain of a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2)--a special attenuation donor of live influenza vaccine for children and the isolation of its recombinants]. | a cold-adapted a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) strain, a special donor of attenuation for generation of recombinant vaccine strains safe for children, has been developed and characterized. the genetic markers of this virus (temperature sensitivity of the cold-adapted strain, temperature optimum of the neuraminidase activity) were compared with those of a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2) strain, a donor of attenuation for a live influenza vaccine for adults. the a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) strain was fou ... | 1984 | 6710978 |
| a pseudo-outbreak of influenza a associated with use of laboratory stock strain. | in november 1982, when influenza type a(h3n2) viruses were spreading in the united states, influenza a(h1n1) viruses were reportedly isolated from 10 hospitalized patients in new mexico, only two of whom had influenza-like illnesses. reference stock influenza a/fort monmouth (fm)/1/47(h1n1) virus had been used to prepare fluorescent antibody test slides in the laboratory reporting the isolates. after investigation, it was concluded that the isolates from the patients' cultures were a result of l ... | 1984 | 6721019 |
| recombinant cold-adapted attenuated influenza a vaccines for use in children: molecular genetic analysis of the cold-adapted donor and recombinants. | a previously described cold-adapted attenuated virus, a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2), was further modified by 30 additional passages in chicken embryos at 25 degrees c. this virus had a distinct temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype, grew well in chicken embryos at 25 degrees c, and failed to recombine with reference ts mutants of fowl plague virus containing ts lesions in five genes coding for non-glycosylated proteins (genes 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8). recombination of a/leningrad/134/47/57 with wild-typ ... | 1984 | 6724694 |
| recombinant cold-adapted attenuated influenza a vaccines for use in children: reactogenicity and antigenic activity of cold-adapted recombinants and analysis of isolates from the vaccinees. | reactogenicity and antigenic activity of recombinants obtained by crossing cold-adapted donor of attenuation a/leningrad/134/47/57 with wild-type influenza virus strains a/leningrad/322/79(h1n1) and a/bangkok/1/79(h3n2) were studied. the recombinants were areactogenic when administered as an intranasal spray to children aged 3 to 15, including those who lacked or had only low titers of pre-existing anti-hemagglutinin and anti-neuraminidase antibody in their blood. after two administrations of va ... | 1984 | 6724695 |
| dose response of influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) cold-adapted reassortant virus in adult volunteers. | 1984 | 6726006 | |
| sialidase assay by luminescence in the low picomole-range of sialic acid. its application to the measurement of this activity in influenza virus. | a new procedure for a sialidase assay, by bioluminescence, has been developed. the substrate, n- acetylneuraminyllactose (sialyllactose), hydrolysed by the sialidase activity, releases lactose. this lactose is hydrolysed with beta-galactosidase. the released galactose is oxidized with galactose dehydrogenase and nad. the nadh produced in the last step is measured by a luminescence system, coupling two enzymes, nad(p)h dehydrogenase (fmn) and luciferase. this microassay, which is specific, rapid, ... | 1984 | 6735352 |
| a one-year study of trivalent influenza vaccines in primed and unprimed volunteers: immunogenicity, clinical reactions and protection. | three hundred volunteers were divided into two age groups, 14-30 years and 31-60 years. each participant was immunized intramuscularly with a subunit, whole virus or absorbed whole virus vaccine, containing a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1) and b/singapore/222/79 influenza virus. serum haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody response, protection, and reactogenicity were studied after one and two doses of the vaccines. primary immunization induced much higher percentages of hi antib ... | 1984 | 6736638 |
| age and secular distributions of virus-proven influenza patients in successive epidemics 1961-1976 in cirencester: epidemiological significance discussed. | a general practice population of around 3900, under continuous clinical and laboratory surveillance, experienced 20 outbreaks of influenza between march 1960 and march 1976. four epidemics were caused by subtype h2n2 type a viruses, seven by subtype h3n2 type a viruses and nine outbreaks by type b viruses. the age of every person proved virologically to have influenza is related to the age structure of the community and to the phase of the epidemic in which the virus-positive specimens were coll ... | 1984 | 6736641 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of a highly cytolytic influenza b virus variant with an aberrant ns gene. | by repeated backcrosses of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) with b/yamagata/1/73 in mdck cells, a virus clone with ha of b serotype (clone b/610b5b/201, or clone 201) was obtained, which formed sharp plaques in mdck cells and induced a severe cell lysis early after infection. its structural proteins were indistinguishable from those of b/yamagata. electrophoresis of the rna of the clone also showed an identical pattern to that of b/yamagata except rna segment 8 (ns gene), which migrated faste ... | 1984 | 6740944 |
| pulmonary deposition and clearance of aerosolized interferon. | small particle aerosols of a hybrid dna recombinant human alpha interferon, a/d bgl, and a related dna recombinant leukocyte interferon, a, were generated and delivered to mice for 23.5 h a day for 4 consecutive days. the antiviral activity of these interferons in delivery reservoirs, in the aerosols generated, and in the lungs of test mice was monitored during and after aerosol administration in cytopathic effect inhibition assays, using vesicular stomatitis virus as the indicator virus. in add ... | 1984 | 6742817 |
| n-acetylneuraminyllactosylceramide, gm3-neuac, a new influenza a virus receptor which mediates the adsorption-fusion process of viral infection. binding specificity of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) to membrane-associated gm3 with different molecular species of sialic acid. | agglutinates of native chicken erythrocytes caused by influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) at 4 degrees c were potently fused and lysed at low ph (optimum ph 5.3) at 37 degrees c. exogenous gangliosides gm3 (sia alpha 2-3gal beta 1-4glc beta 1-ceramide) and gm2 (galnac beta 1-4(sia alpha 2-3)-gal beta 1-4glc beta 1-ceramide) were integrated into the membranes of chicken asialoerythrocytes within 5-min incubation at 37 degrees c. we found that the incorporation of ganglioside gm3 containing n-acet ... | 1985 | 3838173 |
| development of subtype-specific and heterosubtypic antibodies to the influenza a virus hemagglutinin after primary infection in children. | children undergoing primary infection with an h1n1 or h3n2 influenza a virus developed subtype-specific hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies to purified hemagglutinin (ha) of the infecting virus subtype. they also developed lower titered elisa antibodies to the noninfecting h1 or h3 ha and to h8 (an avian strain) ha. thus, after primary infection with an influenza a virus, children develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but not hemagglutinat ... | 1985 | 3839001 |
| fusion of influenza virus membranes with liposomes at ph 7.5. | influenza virus x-31 (h3n2) membranes fuse with liposomes containing ganglioside gd1a at ph 7.5. fusion was demonstrated by electron microscopy and also can be measured by counting the labeled virus proteins incorporated into liposomes after bound virus has been removed. liposomes composed of lipids that have no net charge behave as reported by other investigators and do not fuse with influenza x-31 membranes at neutral ph, but they do fuse at low ph. therefore, the liposomal composition is a fa ... | 1985 | 3860813 |
| sensitization of mice with wild-type and cold-adapted influenza virus variants: immune response to two h1n1 and h3n2 viruses. | two a strain influenza viruses, a/hong kong/123/77 (a/hk/123/77) (h1n1) and a/queensland/6/72 (a/qld/6/72) (h3n2), and the two cold-adapted reassortants which possess the surface antigens of these strains (cr35 and cr6, respectively) were tested for their ability both to induce primary cytotoxic t-cell (tc cell) responses in mice and to sensitize mice for a second tc cell response when challenged with a distantly related a strain virus, a/shearwater/72 (h6n5). after intranasal inoculation, a/qld ... | 1985 | 3871484 |
| current status of amantadine and rimantadine as anti-influenza-a agents: memorandum from a who meeting. | amantadine (1-adamantanamine hydrochloride), an anti-influenza drug, effectively inhibits the replication of all human subtypes of influenza a virus (h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2) both in laboratory studies and in a variety of clinical situations in young and old persons. so far, it has been used on a relatively limited scale by community and hospital clinicians, partly because of concern over mild side-effects in approximately 6% of persons. the related compound, rimantadine (alpha-methyl-1-adamantane-m ... | 1985 | 3872736 |
| human peripheral blood mononuclear cells produce iga anti-influenza virus antibody in a secondary in vitro antibody response. | the function and immunoregulation of human iga memory b cells producing anti-influenza virus antibody was analyzed in vitro in antigen-stimulated cultures. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from seven of eight normal adult volunteers naturally immunized to influenza virus produced iga anti-influenza virus antibody when stimulated in vitro with inactivated a/aichi/68 [h3n2] influenza virus. this iga antibody response was approximately one-eighth the igg antibody response. pbmc from each o ... | 1985 | 3874224 |
| t-enriched spleen cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity to influenza virus in mice. | restimulation in vitro of t-enriched spleen cells from cba mice with influenza virus a/bangkok 1/79/h3n2 or its hemagglutinin (ha) leads to enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to virus and ha in recipients of transfer. the enhancement of dth measured by tail swelling is accompanied by 20-fold increase of binding affinity of transferring cells to ha measured by saturation analysis. dth induced by ha in vivo is weaker than induced by virus in this system. however, when ha is used in ... | 1985 | 3878696 |
| [hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to influenza viruses]. | six hybrid clones producing monoclonal antibodies (mca) to influenza a/fmi/47 virus and 9 hybrid clones producing mca to influenza a/ussr/090/77 virus have been developed. the resulting mca have been shown to be highly specific for influenza viruses of h1n1 serotype and differentiating h1n1 viruses from h0n1 and h3n2. in 3 out of 11 hybrid clones under study, unique marker chromosomes not occurring in cells of the myeloma parents have been found. | 1985 | 3887755 |
| infection of cultured human muscle cells by influenza virus. | in a search for myotropic viruses with a potential to initiate muscle autoimmunity, we found that two strains of influenza a virus, a/england/863/78 (h3n2) and the reassortant virus x-47 (h3n2), could infect human syncytial myotubes lytically. the x-47 strain could, in addition, infect unicellular precursor myoblasts. intracellular viral protein synthesis was demonstrated by pulse-labelling studies in both cell types with both virus strains. by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, v ... | 1985 | 3903046 |
| simultaneous administration of live, attenuated influenza a vaccines representing different serotypes. | two live, attenuated cold-adapted influenza a vaccines representing current h1n1 and h3n2 serotypes were simultaneously administered intranasally to doubly seronegative children. no clinical illness resulted. characterization of virus shedding demonstrated shedding of both original vaccine strains and of reassortant virus with the h3n1 and h1n2 phenotype. a serum immune response to both serotypes was demonstrated. the successful simultaneous administration of two influenza a vaccine strains enha ... | 1985 | 3904259 |
| use of influenza a virus vaccines in seronegative children: live cold-adapted versus inactivated whole virus. | we report the safety and antigenicity of influenza a vaccines in seronegative children one to seven years of age. a natural h1n1 challenge that occurred shortly after completion of the vaccination program permitted an evaluation of efficacy. twenty-eight subjects were inoculated with live cold-adapted (ca) influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2), 29 with ca influenza a/california/10/78 (h1n1), 24 with inactivated whole-virus influenza a/bangkok/79 (h3n2), and 30 with a placebo. the ca vaccines were ... | 1985 | 3905983 |
| [use of a method of molecular nucleic acid hybridization for the rapid diagnosis of influenza]. | a highly sensitive method of pinpoint hybridization of nucleic acids on nitrocellulose filters using 32p-labeled pha plasmid carrying a dna copy of hemagglutinin gene of influenza a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2) was developed which permitted specific detection of minimal amounts of rna (units of pikograms) of influenza a virus with h3 serotype hemagglutinin. the method of pinpoint hybridization was used for the detection of rna of influenza a (h3 serotype) in nasopharyngeal washings of patients with acute ... | 1985 | 3907140 |
| visualization of the fate of inactive influenza viruses in daudi cells by electron microscopy. | the replication of active and inactivated influenza viruses in daudi lymphoma cells was studied by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. in a previous study, we demonstrated that active and heat-inactivated x47 (h3n2) virus arrested daudi cell growth by inhibiting cellular dna synthesis while formalin-treated x47 virus did not. transmission electron microscopic studies revealed that both the active and the heat-inactivated x47 virus penetrated into the cells. only the active x47 (xa) virus ... | 1985 | 3912969 |
| [isolation of the internal proteins of the influenza virus by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for obtaining monospecific antisera]. | the principal possibility of isolation of internal proteins (m and np) of influenza type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses by sds-pag preparative electrophoresis and preparation of monospecific antisera to these proteins was demonstrated. the resulting preparations may be used for testing the biological objects by enzymeimmunoassay. | 1985 | 3913133 |
| [cloning of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza virus of subtype h3 in e. coli]. | dsdna of the influenza virus subtype a/leningrad/385/80/r (h3n2)-recombinant a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) and rr/8/34 (h1n1) has been synthesized using polyadenylated viral rna as a template. this dsdna has been cloned on plasmid puc19. a clone has been selected harbouring the plasmid with included proximal fragment of hemagglutinin gene that contains the main antigenic determinants. the hybrid plasmid is hybridizable with rna of the hemagglutinin gene and with oligonucleotide catgcaaaaccttccc that ... | 1985 | 3916214 |
| antigenic variation of influenza a (h3n2) virus in relation to influenza epidemics in shanghai (1968-1977). | 1985 | 3922694 | |
| the demonstration of the influenza virus by the method of the immune electron microscopy. | the direct and indirect method of the immune electron microscopy (iem) was used for the identification of two influenza viruses of the type a--[strain a/chabarovsk/77 (h1n1) and a/texas/77 (h3n2)]--by means of reference specific rat- and human- convalescent sera. in the cross-testing different dilutions of the virus in the allantoic fluid and of the sera were examined for the determination of the appropriate rates for the formation of the immunocomplexes. in the demonstration of the immunocomple ... | 1985 | 3926876 |
| epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine in belgium due to h3n2 influenza virus and experimental reproduction of disease. | in belgium, influenza virus was isolated from swine in 22 epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine during 1984. in 8 of the epizootics, h3n2 influenza virus, related to the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain, was isolated. intratracheal inoculation of the isolates induced clinical signs. it was concluded that the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain was established in the belgian swine population and was responsible for the epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine. | 1985 | 2413789 |
| the nucleoprotein as a possible major factor in determining host specificity of influenza h3n2 viruses. | in an attempt to assess the importance of the nucleoprotein (np) in the determination of host specificity, a series of experiments was performed on influenza a viruses of the h3n2 subtype. we have examined rescue of mutants of a/fpv/rostock/34 with temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions in the nucleoprotein (np) gene by double infection of chick embryo cells with h3n2 strains isolated from different species. the ts mutants could be rescued by all avian h3n2 strains but not by any of the human h3n2 i ... | 1985 | 2416114 |
| arrest of daudi cell growth by inactive influenza virus in-vitro. | we investigated the destructive capability of three influenza a strains, victoria, pr8, and their recombinant x47, against the human lymphoma cell line daudi. both victoria and x47 strains share the same envelope glycoproteins (h3n2), while pr8, the second parental strain of x47, differs in its envelope glycoproteins (hon1). the h3n2 strains and particularly the x47 recombinant were cytotoxic to daudi cells while the hon1 strain was not. to reduce the virulence of the oncolytic viruses, we inact ... | 1985 | 2419962 |
| [isolation of the influenza virus from the tree sparrow and a study of the infectivity of this virus in wild birds of the central dnieper river area]. | an influenza virus belonging to the serovariant a/h3n2 and registered as a/sparrow/ukraine/83 was isolated from a member of synanthropic birds, a tree sparrow, near kanev. this virus showed low pathogenicity and immunologic activity in experimental infection of sparrows and other birds. sera from a number of avian and mammal species had antibodies to this virus which indicates that synanthropic and semi-synanthropic birds may be a connecting link in spread of influenza virus. | 1985 | 2420068 |
| peptide maps of t mutant of influenza virus. | peptide maps were prepared by high-voltage electrophoresis and chromatography for t 30 degrees c mutant and the original strain a port chalmers 1/73 h3n2 of influenza virus. clear differences in the distribution and number of spots between the mutant and the original strain were found. the differences are due presumably to changes in the amino-acid sequences. | 1985 | 2421538 |
| morphology and antigenicity studies on reassortant influenza (h3n2) viruses for use in inactivated vaccines. | three influenza a (h3n2) reassortant whole virus vaccine strains with differing antibody-inducing capacities in hamsters were investigated morphologically and antigenically. although initial measurements of virion circumference, from electron micrographs of vaccine preparations, suggested a relationship of small virion size with low immunogenicity, subsequent immunization with, and morphological investigation of, vaccine virions separated on sucrose gradients, failed to obtain populations whose ... | 1985 | 2580887 |
| studies on the stability of t mutant of influenza virus. | the t 30 degrees c mutant of a port chalmers 1/73 (h3n2) influenza virus passaged in cotton rats was reisolated. the original mutant and the reisolated virus were compared, the following parameters being tested: na activity, ha titer, sensitivity of na and ha to proteolytic enzymes, detergents and temperature, and michaelis constant of na. no differences were found in the parameters tested, thus suggesting that features of the mutant remained stable after passage in the susceptible animal organi ... | 1985 | 2579526 |
| detection of type a and b influenza viruses in clinical materials by immunoelectronmicroscopy. | direct immunoelectronmicroscopy (iem) was used for detecting influenza subtype a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and type b viruses in nasopharyngeal washings or swabs collected during three consecutive periods of enhanced influenza incidence. virus identification was performed with immune rat sera and in the case of the a(h3n2) subtype also with convalescent human sera. in all the materials examined influenza virus was demonstrated by isolation in chick embryos or by immunofluorescence in infected tissue cultur ... | 1985 | 2859758 |
| antibodies to new variants of subtype a(h3 n2) influenza virus in pigs. | following an explosive epidemic of a(h3n2) influenza among the human population of czechoslovakia in 1983, haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies (titre range 10-640) against strains a/texas/77, a/bangkok/79 and a/philipines 2/83 were detected in 93% of sera collected from 135 pigs on three farms. only 6.6% of sera were negative. anti-neuraminidase antibodies were detected at rates of 81% and 23% in two and one of the herds, respectively. antibodies against a/rnp were demonstrated by the immuno ... | 1985 | 2860799 |
| subunit influenza virus vaccine grippovac se-azh (vaccination of adults). | grippovac se-azh a polytype, subunit influenza virus vaccine containing h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus strains and one influenza b virus strain has been tested in 80 volunteers. the trials demonstrated the harmlessness, the absence of adverse reactions, and except of the b type, the high antigenicity of vaccine preparation when administered in two injections. the optimal dose of each viral strain haemagglutinin (ha) was 15 micrograms in 0.5 ml. | 1985 | 2864825 |
| monoclonal antibodies for the rapid diagnosis of influenza a and b virus infections by immunofluorescence. | mouse monoclonal antibodies, directed against antigenic sites on influenza a and b viruses and found to be type-specific in an immunoassay, were assessed for use as diagnostic reagents in an indirect immunofluorescence assay on nasopharyngeal secretions. the influenza a antibodies were directed against nucleoprotein or matrix protein antigens and the influenza b antibodies against nucleoprotein and haemagglutinin antigens. the influenza a anti-matrix monoclonal antibody was found to give a stron ... | 1985 | 2865418 |