Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [a comparative study of the protective properties of live recombinant and inactivated influenza vaccines made from strain a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2) in 8- to 15-year-old children]. | a limited controlled comparative study for the evaluation of the epidemiological efficacy of live recombinant and inactivated virion vaccines from a/philippines/2/82-like strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus was carried out in schoolchildren of 8 to 15 years of age. during the influenza epidemic of 1987-1988 caused by influenza a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2)-like strains and by influenza b virus in 8.2-17% of cases, a statistically significant efficacy index for live influenza vaccine was 1.8 for the labo ... | 1991 | 1803767 |
| [the effect of different factors on the reproduction of influenza viruses and reassortants in cell cultures]. | the influence of the maintenance medium, polyethylene glycol (peg), deae-dextran, and low temperature on reproduction of influenza a, b, and c viruses and their reassortants in diploid and continuous cell cultures was determined. lowering of ph in the maintenance medium to 6.5 was found to decrease reproduction of influenza a (h1n1) and a (h3n2) viruses and increase that of influenza b viruses. treatment of cells with peg solution increased the yield of influenza b and c but not a viruses. howev ... | 1991 | 1803770 |
| [interepidemic influenza in bulgaria based on laboratory research data]. | during the interepidemic periods of 34 years (1955-1988) the national influenza centre of bulgaria with the aid of 11 supporting stations investigated a total of 27240 nasopharyngeal washings and 42530 paired sera of patients with acute respiratory diseases. eighty strains of subtype a (h1n1) influenza virus, 60 strains of subtype a (h2n2), 148 strains of subtype a (h3n2), 3 strains of subtype a (heg2, neg2), 2 strains of subtype a (hsw1n1), 14 strains of type b, and 6 strains of type c were iso ... | 1991 | 1803771 |
| haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against influenza a and b in human sera collected from five ecological zones in nigeria. | the prevalence of antibodies to the haemagglutinins of two influenza a subtype, h1n1 and h3n2 and influenza b in sera collected from 1986 to 1988 from persons of different ages and from 10 locations in 5 ecological zones of nigeria was determined. the levels of influenza antibodies in the sera varies with age and ecological zones of the country. a total of 1,022 sera were tested, of which 732 (71.6%) were positive for influenza antibodies. the prevalence of antibodies at titre 1:10 varied betwee ... | 1991 | 1804870 |
| [the evolutionary characteristics of an influenza epidemic in a large urban center (b.) of romania between 1988 and 1990]. | the report presents the peculiar characteristics of influenza epidemics in a big urban centre (b.) of romania, between 1988 and 1990, surveyed by clinical, epidemiological and laboratory methods. among the peculiarities of the epidemics: the low rate of endemic morbidity, the seasonal and preseasonal peaks, the very high implication of infantile population in influenza a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b virus circulation, as well as the high level of mass specific humoral protection against these viruses. e ... | 1991 | 1814431 |
| isolation and characterization of egg yolk antibodies igy from hens immunized with different influenza virus strains. | a comparison of two precipitation methods of igy from normal hen eggs was made. for method i the precipitation agent is represented by peg 6000, and for method ii by organic solvents. the comparative study of some parameters (protein concentration, ovalbumin content, presence of non-specific inhibitors, paa-gel electrophoresis) shows that method i is more efficient and more convenient than method ii. using this method, we isolated and characterized igy preparations from hens immunized with circu ... | 1991 | 1821163 |
| nosocomial influenza in a general hospital for indigent patients. | surveillance of influenza virus infections was maintained on the medical and pediatric wards of a general hospital serving indigent patients of harris county, texas during the winter of 1987-88. influenza a/sichuan/2/87(h3n2) was the predominant virus during the community epidemic. influenza a(h3n2) virus was isolated from six of 17 adult patients (35%) suspected to have nosocomial infections; two of these patients died of fulminating pneumonia. another patient, admitted with alcoholism and hema ... | 1991 | 1824284 |
| intragenic suppression of a deletion mutation of the nonstructural gene of an influenza a virus. | the influenza a/alaska/77 (h3n2) virus mutant 143-1 is temperature sensitive (ts) due to a spontaneous in-frame 36-nucleotide deletion in the nonstructural (ns) gene segment, which leads to a 12-amino-acid deletion in the ns1 protein. in addition, it has a small-plaque phenotype on mdck cell monolayers. however, phenotypically revertant (i.e., ts+) viruses were isolated readily following replication of the 143-1 virus both in vitro and in vivo. in order to determine the genetic mechanism by whic ... | 1991 | 1830112 |
| [the antigenic characteristics of influenza a viral strains circulating synchronously in 2 separated areas (the czsfr--saint petersburg)]. | a comparative study of the antigenic characteristics of influenza a (h1n1) and a (h3n2) virus strains isolated during the same epidemic season, 1989-1990, in st. petersburg and czsfr was carried out by routine serological methods and by cross-challenge of immunized mice. antigenic differences were found only among serosubtype a (h1n1) strains isolated in different areas. the study was carried out in connection with potential occurrence of influenza epidemic outbreaks from local sources. | 1991 | 1838452 |
| [serological investigation of influenza type a and b in university students, brazil]. | wide serological prevalence of influenza a and b was verified by the serological survey covering 200 students of the university of s. paulo during the 1984-1985 period. the humoral antibodies were detected by the single radial haemolysis technique, whose arithmetic titres averages were greater for both subtypes, (h1n1) and (h3n2) of the influenza a virus strains recently isolated from the population. however, the situation of this type b virus was not the same as that of type a seeing that the b ... | 1991 | 1843236 |
| [a comparative study of monoclonal and monospecific antibodies in determining the immunodominant antigenic sites of influenza virus a (h3n2) hemagglutinin]. | comparative studies of monospecific (msa) and monoclonal (mca) antibodies showed msa to detect three non-overlapping immunodominant sites on the surface of hemagglutinin (ha) molecule whereas mca established more subtle differences in ha antigenic structure on the level of epitopes with different immunological significance. the activity of msa and mca differed in various tests. while mca were more active in hi and eia tests, msa had a higher neutralizing activity, reducing the infectious virus t ... | 1991 | 1858361 |
| replication of avian influenza viruses in humans. | volunteers inoculated with avian influenza viruses belonging to subtypes currently circulating in humans (h1n1 and h3n2) were largely refractory to infection. however 11 out of 40 volunteers inoculated with the avian subtypes, h4n8, h6n1, and h10n7, shed virus and had mild clinical symptoms: they did not produce a detectable antibody response. this was presumably because virus multiplication was limited and insufficient to stimulate a detectable primary immune response. avian influenza viruses c ... | 1991 | 1863223 |
| correlation of amino acid residues in the m1 and m2 proteins of influenza virus with high yielding properties. | the ability of influenza a viruses to replicate to high titer in the allantoic sac of the chicken embryo has been mapped to the matrix protein gene (rna 7). because influenza a/wsn/33 (h1n1) virus grows poorly in this host but contains a matrix protein gene with a sequence similar to sequences from viruses that grow well in eggs, we derived a single gene reassortant containing only the m gene from a/wsn/33 (h1n1) in a background of the other 7 rna segments from a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2) (a low y ... | 1991 | 1867007 |
| [rapid diagnosis of influenza virus infections from nasopharyngeal secretions]. | since virus isolation consumes a lot of work and time, and virus specific antibodies are not detectable before several days after the onset of illness we developed an enzyme immunoassay (elisa) for the detection of influenza a and influenza b virus antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens (nps). this test permits antigen detection within four hours. this elisa was tested with 119 nps from children, most of these between 1-12 years old. virus isolation in mdck-cells served as control. a total of 67 in ... | 1991 | 1870599 |
| programmed antigenic stimulation: kinetics of the immune response to challenge infections of mice primed with influenza inactivated whole virus or neuraminidase vaccine. | mice were immunized with either inactivated whole virus influenza a (h3n2) virus (wv) vaccine or with purified n2 neuraminidase (na) vaccine then challenged with mouse-adapted homologous infective virus at intervals of 1-141 days later in order to ascertain the optimal vaccine-infection interval for induction of resistance to subsequent infection. measured by serological or infection suppressing response, this interval was 15 days for both vaccines. maximal reduction in pulmonary virus replicati ... | 1991 | 1872017 |
| molecular evidence for a role of domestic ducks in the introduction of avian h3 influenza viruses to pigs in southern china, where the a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) strain emerged. | the haemagglutinins (has) of five h3 influenza a viruses isolated from domestic ducks and one from a goose in southern china were analysed antigenically and genetically. the patterns of reactivity of two of the duck viruses and the goose virus with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to 10 different epitopes on the h3 ha were similar to those of influenza viruses isolated from wild ducks and pigs, as well as those of the earliest human h3 viruses. the other three isolates from domestic ducks were d ... | 1991 | 1875195 |
| [the selection of cold-adapted variants of the influenza viruses h1n1 and h3n2 and their antigenic and genetic characteristics]. | as a result of serial passages (42 passages) at low temperatures (26 degrees--28 degrees c) of two influenza h1n1 and h3n2 virus strains stable cold-adapted (ca) variants were produced. investigations of them showed the ca a/ussr/03/84 (h1n1) variant to have ts-mutations in genes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8 and the ca a/ussr/215/79 (h3n2) to have ts-mutations in genes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8. these ca-variants may be recommended as attenuation donors to be used in recombination experiments with epidemic in ... | 1991 | 1882517 |
| effect of rimantadine on the immune response to influenza a infections. | the effects of rimantadine on lymphocyte responses to mitogens con-a and pha, natural killer cell activity, and the development of serum and local antibodies were studied during an epidemic outbreak of influenza a (h3n2). twenty-three families consisting of 38 adults and 46 children had a member who developed a flu-like illness and were randomly assigned to receive placebo or rimantadine either as treatment or post exposure prophylaxis. nasal washings for virus isolation and igg and iga determin ... | 1991 | 1885945 |
| principles of selective inactivation of viral genome. vi. inactivation of the infectivity of the influenza virus by the action of beta-propiolactone. | the kinetics of inactivation of the infectivity of the influenza virus by beta-propiolactone have been studied. rate constants have been determined for inactivation of the a/leningrad/385 (h3n2) and b/leningrad/489/80 influenza virus under the action of beta-propiolactone on a virus-containing allantoic fluid and on a purified viral suspension. the data obtained allow calculation of the time required for inactivation of the influenza virus infectivity to a given extent in virus-containing soluti ... | 1991 | 1887669 |
| [the anomalous isoelectric properties of influenza virus matrix protein m1]. | the isoelectric point (pi) values of matrix protein m1 of influenza a, b, and c viruses, calculated theoretically on the basis of its primary structure, were found to be about 10.0. however, experimental pi determination by electrofocusing in ampholyte-containing polyacrylamide gel showed it to be 5.0 for m1 protein isolated from a/wsn/33 (h1n1) and a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) viruses by mild deproteinization with nonionic detergents. this marked discrepancy between experimental and theoretical pi value ... | 1991 | 1891873 |
| characterization of the attenuating m and np gene segments of the avian influenza a/mallard/78 virus during in vitro production of avian-human reassortant vaccine viruses and after replication in humans and primates. | a unique requirement for live attenuated reassortant influenza vaccines is the need to generate new reassortant vaccine viruses with the appearance of each new antigenic variant. thus, the attenuation phenotype conferred by the attenuated donor influenza virus must remain genetically stable during the generation of each new reassortant vaccine virus. in this study we used nucleotide sequence analysis to evaluate the genetic stability of the attenuating m and np genes of the avian influenza a/mal ... | 1991 | 1897305 |
| superiority of live attenuated compared with inactivated influenza a virus vaccines in older, chronically ill adults. | forty-eight older adults with chronic diseases were vaccinated intranasally with live attenuated influenza a/korea/1/82 (h3n2), cr59 virus. forty-two (88 percent) cr59 virus recipients became infected with vaccine virus without adverse effects or change in mean pulmonary function even among the 29 infected recipients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. among control groups who received either monovalent or trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccines intramuscularly, ... | 1991 | 1914615 |
| clearance of influenza virus respiratory infection in mice lacking class i major histocompatibility complex-restricted cd8+ t cells. | transgenic mice homozygous for a beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) gene disruption and normal mice that had been treated with a cd8-specific mab were infected intranasally with an h3n2 influenza a virus. both groups of cd8t cell-deficient mice eliminated the virus from the infected respiratory tract. potent ctl activity was detected in lung lavage populations taken from mice with intact cd8+ t cell function, with minimal levels of cytotoxicity being found for inflammatory cells obtained from the a ... | 1991 | 1919440 |
| influenza a(h1n1): a widening spectrum? | to study the incidence of h1n1 influenza from 1977 to 1988 in unvaccinated volunteers and the effects of continuing minor antigenic change (antigenic drift) in the virus. | 1991 | 1921782 |
| involvement of the influenza a virus pb2 protein in the regulation of viral gene expression. | to determine the function(s) of the pb2 protein of influenza a virus, six temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus, each carrying a ts mutation in the pb2 gene, were analysed for virus rna and protein synthesis. one of the mutants, icrc27, exhibited unique phenotypes and was characterized in detail. at the non-permissive temperature, 40 degrees c, the accumulation of mrna for each genome segment was reduced severely, leading to delayed and reduced synthesis of viral proteins ... | 1991 | 1940863 |
| the herald waves of influenza virus infections detected in sendai and yamagata cities in 1985-1990. | the community surveillance of respiratory virus infections performed during 1985-1987 in sendai and 1988-1990 in yamagata has identified a total of five herald waves of influenza virus infections: a/h3n2 virus infections in 1985 and 1989, a/h1n1 virus infections in 1986 and 1988, and type b virus infections in 1989. to investigate the antigenic and genetic relationships between the herald wave and epidemic strains, influenza a/h1n1 viruses isolated during the 1986 and 1988 herald waves were comp ... | 1991 | 1943849 |
| immunogenicity of trivalent subunit and split influenza vaccines (1989-90 winter season) in volunteers of different groups of age. | trivalent split or subunit influenza vaccines [a/shangai/11/87 (h3n2), a/singapore/6/86 (h1n1) and b/yamagata/16/88] recommended for the 1989-90 winter season and licensed in italy, were administered to 149 volunteers of three different age groups (elderly, middle-aged and young). antibody production was determined in pre- and postvaccination sera by haemagglutinin inhibition test and the results were evaluated as protection and response rates. the split vaccine was more immunogenic than the sub ... | 1991 | 1950094 |
| [the evaluation of the reactogenicity and immunological activity of an inactivated 3-component influenza vaccine with an elevated hemagglutinin concentration in the inoculation dosage]. | in this work the reactogenic properties and antigenic potency of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine, obtained by elution and centrifugation and containing up to 9-11 micrograms of hemagglutinin for influenza viruses a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) and up to 14 micrograms for influenza virus b, were studied. the reactogenicity of the preparation was found to correspond to the regulations. the immunogenic potency characteristics of individual batches of this trivaccine were higher than the immunogenicity ... | 1991 | 1950267 |
| emergence and possible transmission of amantadine-resistant viruses during nursing home outbreaks of influenza a (h3n2). | outbreaks of influenza a (h3n2, a/shanghai/11/87-like) occurred in two partially (60% and 79%) vaccinated nursing home populations in january 1988. a retrospective cohort study using chart review was designed to assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccination and amantadine prophylaxis (100 mg per day) in controlling the outbreaks and to determine the amantadine susceptibility of influenza viruses isolated from case-patients. the point estimate of vaccine efficacy in preventing influenza-like ... | 1991 | 1951297 |
| recovery of drug-resistant influenza a virus during therapeutic use of rimantadine. | the therapeutic activity of rimantadine and its relationship to the shedding of drug-resistant influenza a virus were assessed in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving patients with laboratory-documented influenza a virus (h3n2 subtype) illness of 2 days' duration or less. in a family-based study, rimantadine treatment for 10 days (24 children and adults) was associated with significant decreases in the number of days to a 50% reduction in symptoms (mean difference, 2 ... | 1991 | 1952841 |
| an unusual community outbreak of influenza a. | the hong kong h3n2 subtype of influenza a virus appeared in 1968 and since then has caused epidemics of varying degrees of severity. we describe a community outbreak of influenza a h3n2 which occurred in members of a bowls club in an english rural village in late april 1989. the explosive onset, high attack rate (34/41 = 83 per cent) in those exposed, and the clinical presentation initially suggested a toxic or allergic aetiology. twenty-three persons consulted their general practitioners; befor ... | 1991 | 1958413 |
| control of influenza a outbreaks in nursing homes: amantadine as an adjunct to vaccine--washington, 1989-90. | outbreaks of influenza a virus infection can cause substantial morbidity and mortality among residents of nursing homes. surveillance for the 1991-92 influenza season indicates that the dominant circulating viruses are influenza a (1), for which amantadine hydrochloride is effective for prevention and treatment (2). this report describes the use of amantadine as an adjunct to influenza vaccine for controlling an influenza a(h3n2) outbreak that occurred in a washington nursing home during the 198 ... | 1991 | 1961174 |
| [studies of the adaptation of influenza viruses to lowered temperatures of replication. ii. studies in vivo]. | swiss white mice were given intranasally suspension of influenza a virus (h3n2) isolated at different period of time and replicated in lowered temperatures in 11 days old chicken embryos. the presence of antigen in lung of animals was detected by if. they were given the virus replicated at 30 degrees c at different rate depending on strain tested. no distinct differences were observed in haemagglutination inhibition antibody level. on the other hand the level of neuraminidase activity inhibiting ... | 1990 | 1964991 |
| influenza a (h3n2) component of recommended vaccine induces antibody to current virus. | 1990 | 1967480 | |
| primary structure of the gene coding for the haemagglutinin of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80(h3n2): detection of a point mutation responsible for the antigenic drift. | primary structure of the gene coding for haemagglutinin (ha-gene) of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80(h2n2) isolated during the epidemics of influenza in leningrad in 1980 was determined. the close relationship of ha gene of this virus to the corresponding gene of the virus a/bangkok/1/79(h3n2) was confirmed. it was shown that a single mutation in an antigenic site (the change from isoleucine to leucine at position 51 of ha1 gene) caused an antigenic drift. one silent mutation was detected (nu ... | 1990 | 1980394 |
| influenza virus detection in clinical specimens. | the authors compared the results of influenza a (h1n1) and influenza a (h3n2) virus detection in nasopharyngeal swabs from flu patients by molecular hybridization (mh), elisa, virus isolation and seroconversion. using the immunofluorescence (if) technique influenza virus was detected in cell suspensions from the first chick embryo passage. altogether 63 swabs from various epidemic seasons were separated into 3 groups according to specimen sampling and storage. it was shown that influenza virus r ... | 1990 | 1981455 |
| the genes associated with trans-dominance of the influenza a cold-adapted live virus vaccine. | segment 7 (m) of the cold-adapted live influenza a virus vaccine plays a primary role in the ability of this virus to interfere with the replication of wild-type influenza a viruses. this conclusion is based on several lines of evidence. single gene reassortant viruses derived by crossing influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted donor virus with an epidemic wild-type strain, a/korea/1/82 (h3n2), were tested for their ability to interfere with wild-type parental virus in the madin-darby lin ... | 1991 | 1984670 |
| a dominant idiotype in the antibody response against the influenza virus hemagglutinin. serum and in situ analyses. | py206 is an id associated with a balb/c murine mab described as being specific for the influenza a virus hemagglutinin. however, production of this id by balb/c mice immunized with influenza is low. this report shows that the py206 id is a dominant component of the anti-influenza antibody response in c57bl/6j strain mice infected intranasally with the influenza a/hong kong/168/(h3n2)[r] x-31 virus. high py206 id expression was linked to the ighb ig allotype locus. py206 id+ antibody-forming cell ... | 1991 | 1993846 |
| age distribution of patients with medically-attended illnesses caused by sequential variants of influenza a/h1n1: comparison to age-specific infection rates, 1978-1989. | since influenza a/h1n1 viruses reappeared during the 1977-1978 season, this subtype has contributed 27% of 6,609 documented influenza infections of persons with acute respiratory disease presenting to clinics serving as surveillance sites of the influenza research center in houston for the 12-year period ending june 1989. wide differences in the distribution of h1n1 viruses occurred by age group: more than 50% of h1n1 infections were detected among persons aged 10-34 years, compared with 28% for ... | 1991 | 2000847 |
| passive transfer of local immunity to influenza virus infection by iga antibody. | secretory iga is presumed to be the mediator of mucosal immunity based on many studies that show a correlation between protection and secretory iga titers; however, a causal relationship has not yet been established. classically, passive transfer of antibody has been used to demonstrate causality, but the passive transfer of local immunity with physiologically transported iga has not been previously reported. in this study mice were injected intravenously with polymeric iga (piga), monomeric iga ... | 1991 | 2005388 |
| evolutionary pathways of n2 neuraminidases of swine and human influenza a viruses: origin of the neuraminidase genes of two reassortants (h1n2) isolated from pigs. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase (na) genes of two reassortant (h1n2) and two h3n2 influenza a viruses isolated from pigs were determined and phylogenetic relationships between these and previously reported n2 na genes were investigated. on the basis of pairwise nucleotide sequence identity, the na genes of two reassortants, a/sw/kanagawa/2/78 and a/sw/ehime/1/80, were most closely related to those of human influenza a virus strains isolated in 1972 and the earliest availab ... | 1991 | 2005434 |
| homotypic and heterotypic protection against influenza virus infection in mice by recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the haemagglutinin or nucleoprotein of influenza virus. | recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the influenza virus haemagglutinin (ha) or nucleoprotein (np) genes from a/sw/hong kong/1/74 (h1n1) under the control of a hybrid promoter containing the p7.5 early promoter element and promoter of the gene encoding the major protein of cowpox virus a type inclusion body was constructed to investigate protective immunity against homologous and heterologous viruses in mice. these recombinant vaccinia viruses produced authentic influenza virus ha and np in inf ... | 1991 | 2005435 |
| genetic relationship between the ha genes of type a influenza viruses isolated in off-seasons and later epidemic seasons. | from january 1985 to march 1989, off-season viruses of h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes of influenza a viruses were isolated on five occasions in japan. the ha gene sequences of the influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) viruses isolated in japan from 1985-9 were analysed and the phylogenetic tree for each subtype virus was constructed to determine any genetic relationship between viruses isolated in off-seasons and the epidemic viruses of the following influenza seasons. in one instance with h1n1 viruses in 1986 ... | 1991 | 2019304 |
| the a/mallard/6750/78 avian-human, but not the a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted, influenza a/kawasaki/86 (h1n1) reassortant virus vaccine retains partial virulence for infants and children. | characteristics of avian-human (ah) and cold-adapted (ca) influenza a/kawasaki/9/86 (h1n1) reassortant vaccine viruses were compared in 37 seronegative adults and 122 seronegative infants and children. the 50% human infectious dose (hid50) in infants and children was 10(2.9) and 10(2.6) tcid50 for the ah and ca vaccine, respectively. the ah influenza a/kawasaki/9/86 reassortant was reactogenic: 24% of infants and children infected with greater than or equal to 100 hid50 had fever greater than or ... | 1991 | 2019751 |
| complement is activated in the upper respiratory tract during influenza virus infection. | the purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether complement is activated in the upper respiratory tract during experimental influenza virus infection in human volunteers. seven subjects were challenged with influenza a/bethesda/1/85 (h3n2), and four subjects received placebo. c3a and c5a concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in nasal lavage fluids before challenge and for 8 days after challenge. a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in c3a and c5a concentrations was demons ... | 1991 | 2024815 |
| influenza in senescent mice: impaired cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity is correlated with prolonged infection. | influenza and pneumonia are leading causes of death in the elderly. cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity is responsible for viral clearance after infection and declines with age. we hypothesized that following intranasal infection with influenza virus, aged mice would have decreased anti-influenza cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity that would correlate with prolonged pulmonary viral shedding. to test this, young (1.5-4.0 month) and aged (22-25 month) balb/c mice were infected intranasally with influenza ... | 1991 | 2037313 |
| in elderly persons live attenuated influenza a virus vaccines do not offer an advantage over inactivated virus vaccine in inducing serum or secretory antibodies or local immunologic memory. | in a double-blind, randomized trial, 102 healthy elderly subjects were inoculated with one of four preparations: (i) intranasal bivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine containing cold-adapted a/kawasaki/86 (h1n1) and cold-adapted a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) viruses; (ii) parenteral trivalent inactivated subvirion vaccine containing a/taiwan/86 (h1n1), a/leningrad/86 (h3n2), and b/ann arbor/86 antigens; (iii) both vaccines; or (iv) placebo. to determine whether local or systemic immunization augmente ... | 1991 | 2037667 |
| measurement of igm responses to a subunit influenza a vaccine by sucrose-gradient centrifugation and membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassays. | igm responses to a deoxycholate-split influenza vaccine containing the surface antigens of the h3n2 virus a/philippines/2/82 were studied in five volunteers, three of whom were seronegative by haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests. responses were measured by a sucrose-gradient centrifugation technique, in which igm-specific hi activity was computed as a proportion of total igm and igg-specific hi activity, and by a membrane filtration-enzyme immunoassay (mf-eia). responses could be detected in ... | 1991 | 2049172 |
| agglutination of human o erythrocytes by influenza a(h1n1) viruses freshly isolated from patients. | the hemagglutinin titers of 10 influenza a (h1n1) viruses were examined using the erythrocytes of several species. human o erythrocytes showed the highest agglutination titer to the viruses, whereas chicken erythrocytes showed a low titer. these findings were noted for at least 10 passages by serial dilutions of the viruses in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. all influenza a(h1n1) viruses, plaque-cloned directly from throat-washing specimens of patients, also agglutinated human o but not ... | 1991 | 2066386 |
| anti-influenza virus activity of the compound ly253963. | the compound ly253963 (1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcyanamide) inhibited the in vitro replication of representative influenza a and b viruses in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells at concentrations of 1-3.2 micrograms/ml. the yield of an influenza a (h3n2) virus in primary rhesus monkey kidney (rmk) cells was inhibited at 0.1-0.3 micrograms/ml. however, similar concentrations were inhibitory for the growth of uninfected mcdk or rmk cells. combination drug studies generally found indifferent interact ... | 1990 | 2080866 |
| [isolation and comparative study of highly reproductive recombinant influenza a viruses with a high antibody sensitivity]. | the possibility of generating avid and highly reproductive recombinants of influenza a virus (h3n2, h3n1) using strain a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) as a donor of high reproductive activity was demonstrated. in the process of recombination, the transmission of the gene responsible for synthesis of avid hemagglutinin h3 from one virus variant to another provides for high avidity of recombinants. however, a possible influence of other influenza a virus genes on the manifestation of avidity cannot be ruled out. | 1990 | 2082547 |
| [studies of adaptation of influenza viruses to their replication in low temperature. i. biological properties]. | influenza a/h3n2/ virus strains derived from various isolations and replicated in lowered temperatures (37 degrees, 35 degrees, 33 degrees, 30 degrees) in chicken embryos were used for the study. an alteration of temperature optimum of neuraminidase activity was established after 12-15 passages of influenza virus in lowered replication temperature and it differed depending on tested strain. during adaptation process of viruses to lowered replication temperatures no correlation between neuraminid ... | 1990 | 2084448 |
| haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies against strains of influenza a virus in horse and pig sera in nigeria. | sera from horses and pigs obtained from lagos and ibadan respectively were examined for haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies to two strains each of h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes of influenza a virus. more horse sera had hi antibodies to the h3n2 than the h1n1 strains while pig sera reacted almost equally with strains of both subtypes. all the horse sera had hi antibodies to the two strains of h3n2 subtype (a/mississippi/1/85 and a/leningrad/360/86), while 87% and 14% of the horses examined were ... | 1990 | 2100750 |
| enhancement of anti-influenza a virus cytotoxicity following influenza a virus vaccination in older, chronically ill adults. | we studied anti-influenza cytotoxicity by bulk peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte (pbl) cultures derived from older, chronically ill volunteers undergoing vaccination. vaccinees received either cold-recombinant, live-attenuated influenza a/korea/1/82 (h3n2) virus intranasally or inactivated monovalent influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) subvirion vaccine intramuscularly. pbl were collected pre- and postvaccination and in vitro stimulated by autologous pbl infected with influenza a virus homologou ... | 1990 | 2123886 |
| a 36 nucleotide deletion mutation in the coding region of the ns1 gene of an influenza a virus rna segment 8 specifies a temperature-dependent host range phenotype. | previously a spontaneous 36 nucleotide deletion in the coding region of ns1 was detected in the ns gene of a reassortant virus (cr43-3) recovered from a dual infection by the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) mutant and wild-type (wt) influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2). the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and ns genes were derived from the wild type virus parent while the other 5 genes were derived from the ca parent. the cr43-3 reassortant virus exhibited: (i) a host range (hr) phenotype, i ... | 1990 | 2138396 |
| analysis of influenza a virus temperature-sensitive mutants with mutations in rna segment 8. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of influenza virus strain a/udorn/72 (h3n2 subtype) with lesions in rna segment 8 exhibited intrasegmental complementation, and were divided in two complementation groups (h1 and h2) on mdck cells. the nucleotide sequence of segment 8 was determined for three of these mutants. the h1 strains, icr1629 and spc45, have a single amino acid substitution in the coding region of the non-structural protein ns1, whereas the h2 strain, icr516, has a substitution in the n ... | 1990 | 2141068 |
| [surveillance of acute respiratory diseases in the 1988/1989 season in czechoslovakia]. | the authors submit an analysis of results of surveillance of acute respiratory diseases during the 1988/1989 season in the cssr. the influenza epidemic took place between the 4th and 11th calendar week with a peak in the 7th week. during the epidemic 19.7% of the population in the csr contracted the disease. the influenza epidemic was preceded by a high incidence of infections caused by a respiratory syncytia virus. as to the aetiology, influenza viruses subtypes a/h1n1/, a/h3n2/ and type b part ... | 1990 | 2144473 |
| [vaccinations in pigs]. | efficacious and safe gi-negative vaccines are available for vaccination against aujeszky's disease. an intensive vaccination programme carried out consistently will result in the reduction of virus circulating among pig populations. combined vaccination and culling of gi-seropositive pigs may lead to eradication of aujeszky's disease virus in a stock. vaccination of susceptible gilts, sows and boars against parvovirus infections is advisable. the actual period for which a sow is protected agains ... | 1990 | 2161569 |
| sero-epidemiological screening of pig sera collected at the slaughterhouse to detect herds infected with aujeszky's disease virus, porcine influenza virus and actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae in the framework of an integrated quality control (iqc) system. | over a period of six months, approximately 4700 blood samples were collected from 97 pig-finishing farms in the provinces of noord-brabant and gelderland and screened for antibodies with respect to aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine influenza virus (pi) and actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae (app). there were significant differences in the percentages of seropositive pigs between the two provinces, which may be related to the difference in the density of the pig population in the ... | 1990 | 2176752 |
| differential interaction of virulent and attenuated influenza virus strains with ferret alveolar macrophages: possible role in pathogenicity. | the ferret provides a unique model for the study of human influenza. the interaction between alveolar macrophages and virus strains with different levels of virulence was examined in vitro. the greater virulence of wild-type a strains over type b and c viruses was reflected in the higher production of infectious virus progeny and subsequent cytopathology, even though the expression of viral antigens was equivalent for all strains tested. these included a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) and a/rochester/1/8 ... | 1990 | 2181032 |
| use of live cold-adapted influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 virus vaccines in seropositive adults. | to investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of cold-adapted influenza vaccine in individuals with underlying immunity to influenza a virus, we administered cold-adapted h1n1 and h3n2 vaccines to adults with prevaccination serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers of 1:16 or more and challenged them 1 month afterwards with homologous wild-type influenza a virus. both cold-adapted vaccines were immunogenic in seropositive adults. in addition, individuals receiving cold-adapte ... | 1990 | 2182673 |
| effect of live attenuated, cold recombinant (cr) influenza virus vaccines on pulmonary function in healthy and asthmatic adults. | the effects of intranasal inoculation with live attenuated, cr influenza virus vaccines on pulmonary function in healthy and asthmatic adults were evaluated in placebo-controlled, double-blind studies. in 46 healthy adult volunteers, there were no statistically significant alterations in pulmonary function as measured by spirometry and histamine bronchoprovocation tests in the first week following monovalent cr influenza virus vaccine [type a (h3n2, h1n1) and type b]. among healthy adults with p ... | 1990 | 2194380 |
| comparison of live attenuated cold-adapted and avian-human influenza a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) reassortant virus vaccines in infants and children. | randomized, placebo-controlled studies with 10(3)-10(7) 50% tissue-culture infectious dose (tcid50) of avian-human (ah) and cold-adapted (ca) influenza a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) reassortant viruses were completed in 106 seronegative young children 6-48 months of age. although the reassortants differed in six of eight rna segments, they exhibited similar properties in level of attenuation, infectivity, immunogenicity, and efficacy. the 50% human infectious dose was 10(4.6) tcid50 for ah and 10(4.4) fo ... | 1990 | 2197335 |
| sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of influenza a virus infections in clinical specimens. | samples of nasopharyngeal secretion (nps) from 100 infants and small children admitted for acute respiratory disease during the period from january to march 1989 were examined for the presence of influenza a virus. all samples were tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia), fluorescent antibody (fa) technique and by isolation in cell culture 3-6 h after they were obtained from the patients. of 24 influenza strains found by isolation, 21 were detected by eia and 19 were fa+. in comparison with virus iso ... | 1990 | 2203125 |
| functional role of respiratory tract haemagglutinin-specific iga antibodies in protection against influenza. | intranasal inoculation of haemagglutinin (ha) purified from influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (pr8, h1n1) together with cholera toxin b subunit, into balb/c mice resulted in complete protection against pr8 infection in parallel with the induction of high levels of ha-specific iga and igg antibodies on the respiratory tract. the respiratory tract iga and igg were purified from nasal and lung washings of the immunized mice using affinity columns, and their ha-specific activities were measured by enzyme-li ... | 1990 | 2251874 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of a monoclonal antibody fab fragment specific for an influenza virus haemagglutinin and of an escape mutant of that haemagglutinin. | preliminary crystallographic data are given for two molecules involved in the interaction between the humoral immune response and the influenza virus. these molecules are the fab fragment of an antibody specific for the haemagglutinin of influenza virus strain x31 (hong kong 1/68 (h3n2)) and a mutant of x31 haemagglutinin that escapes recognition by that antibody. crystals of the haemagglutinin are isomorphous to those of x31, whose structure is known; they diffract to 3.4 a resolution. crystals ... | 1990 | 2258927 |
| [the primary structure of the hemagglutinin gene of strain a/riga/9977/86--a drift variant of influenza virus a(h3n2)]. | the hemagglutinin gene primary structure of influenza virus a/riga/9977/86 (h3n2) belonging to the "coen/84" antigenic subgroup was determined by primer sequencing. a comparative analysis confirmed that the reversions of amino acids in the late stages of the h3 influenza virus subtype antigenic drift became more frequent and the antigenic variants remained in epidemic circulation longer. the possible role of some mutations is discussed. | 1990 | 2267777 |
| [the characteristics of the hemagglutinin from persistent variants of the influenza virus a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2)]. | electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel of the reference influenza a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2) virus and its persisting variants (pv) showed that the pv isolated on the 158th day from the moment of persistence modelling (pv158) had mutation in the gene of hemagglutinin (ha). this mutation is manifested by incomplete ha synthesis at 40 degrees c and increase of mobility of the light ha subunit (ha2). analysis of nucleotide sequence of the greater part of ha gene of pv158 virus revealed 5 nucleotide sub ... | 1990 | 2267778 |
| kinetic immunochemical studies of igg production during local and systemic anti-influenza immune response in rats. | the kinetics of anti-influenza igg antibodies in serum and nasal wash during the local and systemic immune response in rats was studied. the influenza virus a/hk/1/68 (h3n2) was injected by two different routes--intranasally and subcutaneously in the hind footpads. the proliferation of the ig-forming cells in the popliteal and paratracheal lymph nodes either local or distant according to the mode of virus administration was also studied. the results obtained during the primary and secondary immu ... | 1990 | 2273250 |
| characterization of antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to human influenza virus h3 haemagglutinin expressed from the haemagglutinin locus of vaccinia virus. | antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses to the haemagglutinin (ha) of human h3n2 influenza virus were analysed, using recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the influenza ha gene inserted into the ha gene locus of vaccinia virus. the recombinant vaccinia viruses elicited a high haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody response to the homologous influenza virus in mice. in addition, hi antibody generated by the recombinant vaccinia virus reacted with antigenic variants of human h3n ... | 1990 | 2273387 |
| serum igg subclass antibody responses in children vaccinated with influenza virus antigens by live attenuated or inactivated vaccines. | to ascertain whether live attenuated or inactivated vaccines can be considered equivalent, we examined the primary antibody response of children following vaccination with influenza virus antigens in three different formulations. nine children received cold recombinant vaccine (crv) containing a/korea/82 (h3n2) and a/dunedin/83 (h1n1) variants. eight of these children responded to ha of the h3n2 subtype and the major portion of the elicited antibody was in the igg1 subclass. antibody of low tite ... | 1990 | 2275526 |
| safety and prophylactic efficacy of low-dose rimantadine in adults during an influenza a epidemic. | a placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the safety and prophylactic efficacy of a low dose (100 mg) of rimantadine hydrochloride against naturally occurring influenza in adults was conducted at two sites. after the onset of the influenza season, volunteers (ages, 18 to 55 years) were assigned randomly to receive rimantadine or placebo daily. subjects were monitored for adverse effects and evidence of influenza virus infection weekly for six weeks. only 10 (8.7%) of 114 rimantadine r ... | 1990 | 2285274 |
| independent and disparate evolution in nature of influenza a virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins. | the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) external glycoprotein antigens of h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes of epidemiologically important influenza a viruses prevalent during recent decades were subjected to intensive antigenic analysis by four different methods. prior to serological analysis with polyclonal rabbit antisera, ha and na antigens of four viruses of each subtype were segregated by genetic reassortment to forestall nonspecific steric hindrance during antigen-antibody combination. this an ... | 1990 | 2300562 |
| specificity and in vitro transfer of the immunosuppressive effect of detergent-disrupted influenza virus vaccine. | primed murine splenocytes give an in vitro antibody response to influenza whole virus vaccine (wvv), as measured by enzyme immunoassay (eia). when subunit vaccine (sv) of either influenza a or influenza b virus was added to in vitro splenocyte cultures stimulated with wvv, the eia antibody response to homologous wvv was reduced. this reduction in antibody response was observed when sv was prepared using zwitterionic detergent (empigen bb), non-ionic detergent (triton-x-100) or cationic detergent ... | 1990 | 2302839 |
| vaccination with inactivated influenza a virus during pregnancy protects neonatal mice against lethal challenge by influenza a viruses representing three subtypes. | a single intraperitoneal injection of pregnant mice with a monovalent formalin-inactivated influenza a virus vaccine protected their offspring against a lethal challenge dose of the same influenza a virus h3n2, h2n2, and h1n1 subtypes, as well as against challenge with the other two subtypes. degree of protection was vaccine dose related. cross-fostering of neonates indicated that protection was conferred by breast milk antibodies. serum virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in the mothers and ... | 1990 | 2304146 |
| cocirculation of two distinct evolutionary lineages of influenza type b virus since 1983. | during 1988-1989 two highly distinct antigenic variants of influenza type b were recognized in hemagglutination-inhibition tests with postinfection ferret serum. these viruses were antigenically related to either b/victoria/2/87, the most recent reference strain, or b/yamagata/16/88, a variant that was isolated in japan in may 1988. all influenza b viruses isolated in the united states during an epidemic in the winter of 1988-1989 were antigenically related to b/victoria/2/87. however, in severa ... | 1990 | 2309452 |
| direct sequencing of the ha gene of influenza (h3n2) virus in original clinical samples reveals sequence identity with mammalian cell-grown virus. | when influenza (h3n2) viruses from infected individuals are grown in embryonated chicken eggs, viruses are isolated which differ antigenically and structurally from viruses grown in mammalian madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cell culture [g.c. schild, j.s. oxford, j.c. de jong, and r.g. webster, nature (london) 303:706-709, 1983]. to determine which of these viruses is most representative of virus replicating in the infected individual, a region of the ha gene of virus present in original clinic ... | 1990 | 2319652 |
| [influenza 1989/'90: a-h3n2 virus related to the vaccine virus]. | 1990 | 2320171 | |
| intracellular stability of the gene encoding influenza virus haemagglutinin. | the intracellular stability of the genome of noninfectious uv-irradiated influenza virus (a/wsn:h1n1) in dividing mdck cells was investigated using marker rescue techniques. the haemagglutinin gene could still be rescued by infection with a/x49 (h3n2) at 5 weeks postinoculation; its half-life was 13 days. | 1990 | 2327072 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of metabolites of rimantadine. | the hydroxy metabolites of rimantadine (3-5) were synthesized and compared to amantadine (1) and rimantadine (2) for their ability to inhibit the replication of influenza viruses in vitro. all three metabolites were inhibitory to wild-type influenza a viruses (h3n2 and h1n1). in particular, 2-hydroxyrimantadine (3) showed similar activity to amantadine, but the 3- and 4-hydroxy metabolites (4 and 5, respectively), both of which are found in rimantadine-treated patients, showed only modest inhibi ... | 1990 | 2362279 |
| genome and antigenic analysis of influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated from an epidemic in a closed community of carmelite nuns. | eighteen influenza a (h3n2) viruses were isolated during a single outbreak in a closed community of carmelite nuns. serological analysis of the virus haemagglutinin (has), using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, demonstrated antigenic microheterogeneity. in contrast, no significant biochemical differences were detected in viral genes by rna:rna hybridisation or in structural or nonstructural polypeptides analysed by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) or by limited proteoly ... | 1990 | 2388044 |
| [the trypsin cleavage of hemagglutinin enhances the infectivity of the influenza virus in mice]. | mouse-pathogenic influenza a/aichi 2/68 (h3n2) grown in cell culture and having uncleaved hemagglutinin ha after treatment with trypsin underwent proteolytic shearing of ha (m.w. 75 kd) into two fragments: nal (60 kd) and ha2 (15 kd); its lethal effect on mice inoculated intranasally increased more than 200-fold. the virus treated with chemotrypsin underwent similar shearing of ha into hal and ha2; however, its lethal effect on mice was weak, analogous to that of intact virus with uncleaved ha. | 1990 | 2389564 |
| [the use of immunoenzyme analysis in studying the etiologic structure of influenza morbidity in 1985-1988]. | in the periods of epidemic increases in the incidence of influenza in 1985-1988, approximately 600 patients with clinical diagnoses of arvi and influenza were examined for the presence of viral antigen in nasopharyngeal washings by solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay and for antibody rises in paired blood sera. the use of modified speia and original test sera for influenza type a and b viruses in rapid diagnosis of influenza made it possible to decode the etiology of the epidemic situations in 1985-1 ... | 1990 | 2389565 |
| comparative long-term effects in a mouse model system of influenza whole virus and purified neuraminidase vaccines followed by sequential infections. | a comparison of inactivated whole influenza virus vaccine and purified influenza neuraminidase (na) in balb/c mice repeatedly challenged by homologous or heterologous h3n2 variant infections demonstrated an initial superiority of whole virus vaccine but the ultimate superiority of na vaccine in immunization after one or two boosting infections. parenteral administration of either vaccine followed by infection was much more effective than infection alone in the induction of either homologous or h ... | 1990 | 2401790 |
| epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine in belgium due to h3n2 influenza virus and experimental reproduction of disease. | in belgium, influenza virus was isolated from swine in 22 epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine during 1984. in 8 of the epizootics, h3n2 influenza virus, related to the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain, was isolated. intratracheal inoculation of the isolates induced clinical signs. it was concluded that the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain was established in the belgian swine population and was responsible for the epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine. | 1985 | 2413789 |
| the nucleoprotein as a possible major factor in determining host specificity of influenza h3n2 viruses. | in an attempt to assess the importance of the nucleoprotein (np) in the determination of host specificity, a series of experiments was performed on influenza a viruses of the h3n2 subtype. we have examined rescue of mutants of a/fpv/rostock/34 with temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions in the nucleoprotein (np) gene by double infection of chick embryo cells with h3n2 strains isolated from different species. the ts mutants could be rescued by all avian h3n2 strains but not by any of the human h3n2 i ... | 1985 | 2416114 |
| arrest of daudi cell growth by inactive influenza virus in-vitro. | we investigated the destructive capability of three influenza a strains, victoria, pr8, and their recombinant x47, against the human lymphoma cell line daudi. both victoria and x47 strains share the same envelope glycoproteins (h3n2), while pr8, the second parental strain of x47, differs in its envelope glycoproteins (hon1). the h3n2 strains and particularly the x47 recombinant were cytotoxic to daudi cells while the hon1 strain was not. to reduce the virulence of the oncolytic viruses, we inact ... | 1985 | 2419962 |
| [isolation of the influenza virus from the tree sparrow and a study of the infectivity of this virus in wild birds of the central dnieper river area]. | an influenza virus belonging to the serovariant a/h3n2 and registered as a/sparrow/ukraine/83 was isolated from a member of synanthropic birds, a tree sparrow, near kanev. this virus showed low pathogenicity and immunologic activity in experimental infection of sparrows and other birds. sera from a number of avian and mammal species had antibodies to this virus which indicates that synanthropic and semi-synanthropic birds may be a connecting link in spread of influenza virus. | 1985 | 2420068 |
| peptide maps of t mutant of influenza virus. | peptide maps were prepared by high-voltage electrophoresis and chromatography for t 30 degrees c mutant and the original strain a port chalmers 1/73 h3n2 of influenza virus. clear differences in the distribution and number of spots between the mutant and the original strain were found. the differences are due presumably to changes in the amino-acid sequences. | 1985 | 2421538 |
| [the nature of amino acid substitution in antigenic drift of hemagglutinin n3 and neuraminidase n2 from the influenza virus]. | the nature of amino acid replacements in 16 drift variants of hemagglutinin h3 subtype and 5 drift variants of neuraminidase n2 subtype of the influenza a virus were studied. the dependences of relative replacement frequencies and relative quantities of frequent replacements upon differences of properties of substituted residues are plotted. in contrast to most of the known proteins, amino acid replacements in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase depend weakly on the physico-chemical parameters of am ... | 1986 | 2422540 |
| analysis of antigenic determinants on internal and external proteins of influenza virus and identification of antigenic subpopulations of virions in recent field isolates using monoclonal antibodies and immunogold labelling. | an electron microscopic immunogold labelling technique employing monoclonal antibodies has been applied to the antigenic analysis of influenza a and b viruses. reassortant influenza a h3n2 viruses containing haemagglutinin molecules from viruses isolated between 1968 and 1982 were analysed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against viruses which appeared over the same period. the immunogold labelling technique clearly demonstrated the antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin molecule that ... | 1986 | 2423056 |
| extensive diversity in the recognition of influenza virus hemagglutinin by murine t helper clones. | a panel of h-2k class ii-restricted th clones were established from individual cba mice primed by infection with x31 influenza virus. 27 clones, which showed specific recognition of the ha surface glycoprotein, were all h3n2 subtype specific, in contrast to a t cell line which was crossreactive and which may have other specificities. 20 distinct ha-specific clones recognized a tryptic cleavage fragment of x31 consisting of residue 28-328 of ha1 (tops) which includes all the ab-combining regions ... | 1986 | 2423631 |
| [use of monospecific antibodies for determining the antigenic determinant composition in the hemagglutinins of the h3n2 influenza viruses of 1979-1983]. | the study of the antigenic composition of hemagglutinins of influenza h3n2 viruses isolated during epidemic outbreaks in 1979-1983, carried out by means of monospecific antibodies to individual antigenic determinants, showed heterogeneity of the antigenic structure of epidemically active variants. some variants were antigenically identical to a/bangkok/1/79 virus. hemagglutinin structure of a/shanghai/31/80, a/philippines/2/82 and the like was found to contain a qualitatively new antigenic deter ... | 1986 | 2425492 |
| [synergic therapeutic action of aprotinin and remantadine in experimental influenzal infection]. | chemotherapeutic treatment of influenza infection is possible with aprotinine, an inhibitor of proteinases blocking proteolytic shearing of virion hemagglutinin which is necessary for multicycle virus infection. the chemotherapeutic effect of antiinfluenza drug remantadine is due to inhibition of intracellular deproteinization of virions in the course of their penetration into cells. in mice infected with a highly lethal dose (about 400 mld50/animal) of influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus treatm ... | 1986 | 2429449 |
| laboratory characterization of influenza a viruses (h3n2)--pathogens of leningrad 1983 epidemic. | seventy strains of influenza a virus (h3n2) isolated in leningrad during the influenza epidemic in january--march 1983 were studied. the virus isolates appeared to be markedly heterogeneous with respect to antigenic characteristics of surface glycoproteins, biological properties (haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities, sensitivity to gamma-inhibitors, etc.) as well as genome structure. the identity of the virus isolates with the reference influenza a virus was as follows: 10% were simila ... | 1986 | 2429534 |
| influenza virus infection induces functional alterations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. | this report describes alterations in functional responses to lectin-induced stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the natural killer cell (nkc) activity, of college students, obtained during an outbreak of influenza a/philippines/2/82(h3n2) virus infection. these results are compared with similar observations in college students with an acute, febrile, noninfluenzal respiratory illness that occurred during the same outbreak. the lymphopenia typical of influenza during acute illness ... | 1986 | 2431043 |
| a single amino acid substitution in influenza hemagglutinin abrogates recognition by monoclonal antibody and a spectrum of subtype-specific l3t4+ t cell clones. | a fine specificity analysis of influenza hemagglutinin-specific iak-restricted t cell clones using natural virus variants of the h3n2 subtype, monoclonal antibody-selected variants and a synthetic peptide corresponding to a variable region of the ha1 polypeptide has provided insight on the structural basis for t cell recognition. a glycine to arginine substitution at ha1 135 abrogates recognition by a panel of t cell clones which, according to their reactivity for natural virus variants, have di ... | 1987 | 2434337 |
| [comparative study of interferon inducers obtained from natural sources]. | interferon-inducing and antiviral effects of natural dsrna preparations of phage phi 6 and yeast cells were studied in the culture of murine cells l-929 and on random bred albino mice. both the preparations showed interferon inducing activity in the cell culture. however, for realization of their effect modification of the surface cell membrane by polycation exchange resin (deae-dextran) was required. the interferon-inducing activity of both of the natural dsrna in the mice was high. the maximum ... | 1987 | 2436574 |
| antigenic and genetic conservation of h3 influenza virus in wild ducks. | the hemagglutinins of h3 influenza viruses isolated from migratory ducks on the pacific flyway in japan during the period 1977 to 1985 were analyzed antigenically and genetically. antigenic analysis using monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinins of a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) and a/duck/hokkaido/8/80 (h3n8) viruses showed that antigenic drift occurred extensively in human strains, whereas the hemagglutinins of duck viruses were highly conserved. it was also found that the hemagglutinins of duck virus ... | 1987 | 2440178 |
| the avian influenza virus nucleoprotein gene and a specific constellation of avian and human virus polymerase genes each specify attenuation of avian-human influenza a/pintail/79 reassortant viruses for monkeys. | reassortant viruses which possessed the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of wild-type human influenza a viruses and the remaining six rna segments (internal genes) of the avian a/pintail/alberta/119/79 (h4n6) virus were previously found to be attenuated in humans. to study the genetic basis of this attenuation, we isolated influenza a/pintail/79 x a/washington/897/80 reassortant viruses which contained human influenza virus h3n2 surface glycoprotein genes and various combinations of avian o ... | 1987 | 2441080 |