Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| analysis of antigenic determinants on internal and external proteins of influenza virus and identification of antigenic subpopulations of virions in recent field isolates using monoclonal antibodies and immunogold labelling. | an electron microscopic immunogold labelling technique employing monoclonal antibodies has been applied to the antigenic analysis of influenza a and b viruses. reassortant influenza a h3n2 viruses containing haemagglutinin molecules from viruses isolated between 1968 and 1982 were analysed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against viruses which appeared over the same period. the immunogold labelling technique clearly demonstrated the antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin molecule that ... | 1986 | 2423056 |
| extensive diversity in the recognition of influenza virus hemagglutinin by murine t helper clones. | a panel of h-2k class ii-restricted th clones were established from individual cba mice primed by infection with x31 influenza virus. 27 clones, which showed specific recognition of the ha surface glycoprotein, were all h3n2 subtype specific, in contrast to a t cell line which was crossreactive and which may have other specificities. 20 distinct ha-specific clones recognized a tryptic cleavage fragment of x31 consisting of residue 28-328 of ha1 (tops) which includes all the ab-combining regions ... | 1986 | 2423631 |
| laboratory characterization of influenza a viruses (h3n2)--pathogens of leningrad 1983 epidemic. | seventy strains of influenza a virus (h3n2) isolated in leningrad during the influenza epidemic in january--march 1983 were studied. the virus isolates appeared to be markedly heterogeneous with respect to antigenic characteristics of surface glycoproteins, biological properties (haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities, sensitivity to gamma-inhibitors, etc.) as well as genome structure. the identity of the virus isolates with the reference influenza a virus was as follows: 10% were simila ... | 1986 | 2429534 |
| influenza virus infection induces functional alterations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. | this report describes alterations in functional responses to lectin-induced stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the natural killer cell (nkc) activity, of college students, obtained during an outbreak of influenza a/philippines/2/82(h3n2) virus infection. these results are compared with similar observations in college students with an acute, febrile, noninfluenzal respiratory illness that occurred during the same outbreak. the lymphopenia typical of influenza during acute illness ... | 1986 | 2431043 |
| [use of monospecific antibodies for determining the antigenic determinant composition in the hemagglutinins of the h3n2 influenza viruses of 1979-1983]. | the study of the antigenic composition of hemagglutinins of influenza h3n2 viruses isolated during epidemic outbreaks in 1979-1983, carried out by means of monospecific antibodies to individual antigenic determinants, showed heterogeneity of the antigenic structure of epidemically active variants. some variants were antigenically identical to a/bangkok/1/79 virus. hemagglutinin structure of a/shanghai/31/80, a/philippines/2/82 and the like was found to contain a qualitatively new antigenic deter ... | 1986 | 2425492 |
| [synergic therapeutic action of aprotinin and remantadine in experimental influenzal infection]. | chemotherapeutic treatment of influenza infection is possible with aprotinine, an inhibitor of proteinases blocking proteolytic shearing of virion hemagglutinin which is necessary for multicycle virus infection. the chemotherapeutic effect of antiinfluenza drug remantadine is due to inhibition of intracellular deproteinization of virions in the course of their penetration into cells. in mice infected with a highly lethal dose (about 400 mld50/animal) of influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus treatm ... | 1986 | 2429449 |
| studies of influenza haemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion. | a resonance energy transfer assay of membrane fusion developed by p. s. uster and d. w. deamer (biochemistry 24, 1-8 (1985)) was used in a study of influenza haemagglutinin-mediated fusion. the characteristics of fusion and haemolysis by x-31 (h3n2) virus, a number of mutants of x-31 which fuse membranes at higher ph, and purified haemagglutinins released from virus particles either by detergent dissociation or by bromelain digestion were compared with particular regard to ph and temperature dep ... | 1986 | 3946080 |
| electron microscopy of the low ph structure of influenza virus haemagglutinin. | influenza virus haemagglutinin mediates infection of cells by fusion of viral and endosomal membranes, triggered by low ph which induces a conformational change in the protein. we report studies of this change by electron microscopy, neutron scattering, sedimentation and photon correlation on x-31 (h3n2) haemagglutinin, both intact and bromelain cleaved, in various assemblies. has in all preparations showed a thinning at low ph, and a marked elongation which was removed on tryptic digestion, rev ... | 1986 | 3956479 |
| in vitro production of anti-influenza virus antibody after simultaneous administration of h3n2 and h1n1 cold-adapted vaccines in seronegative children. | sixteen doubly seronegative (h3n2 and h1n1) young children were recently enrolled in a study of live, attenuated cold-adapted influenza a vaccines. twelve children received simultaneously h3n2 and h1n1 live, attenuated influenza vaccine intranasally and four received saline as placebo controls. peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) were obtained sequentially from all children and the in vitro production of anti-influenza h3n2 and h1n1 antibody from unstimulated and influenza stimulated cells was me ... | 1986 | 3962451 |
| biochemical and antigenic analysis using monoclonal antibodies of a series of of influenza a (h3n2) and (h1n1) virus reassortants. | reassortant influenza a viruses with high growth capacity in eggs and suitable as candidate vaccine strains or as standard reagents for influenza ha quantification were prepared using the high yielding a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) as one parent and a number of 'wild' strains of influenza a (h1n1) or (h3n2) viruses as the other parent. the genetic and antigenic composition of the reassortants was determined. the parental derivation of genes in the reassortants was established by electrophoretic analysis of v ... | 1986 | 3962452 |
| [primary structure of the full-size dna copy of the np gene of influenza virus a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1)]. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned full-length dna copy of a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) influenza virus nucleoprotein gene has been determined. this strain is shown to be the natural recombinant that inherited its nucleoprotein gene from contemporary h3n2-influenza strains. the comparison with other np-genes reveals the probable localization of antigenic determinants and phosphorylation site of the np-protein. | 1986 | 3964309 |
| a reassortant between influenza a viruses (h7n2) synthesizing an enzymatically inactive neuraminidase at 40 degrees which is not incorporated into infectious particles. | cells infected with a reassortant (113/ho, h7n2) between a/fowl plague/rostock/34 (fpv, h7n1) and a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) carrying rna segments 1 and 6 of the hong kong virus and the residual genes of fpv, synthesized at 40 degrees a neuraminidase (na) which is enzymatically not active and which is not incorporated into infectious particles. at 40 degrees na accumulates in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. it contains mainly carbohydrate side chains of the mannose type, and fucose is only scarcel ... | 1986 | 3952990 |
| [evolution of the hemagglutinin gene of human influenza a virus h3 subtype]. | an evolutional tree of human influenza viruses of the h3n2-subtype is suggested on the basis of combined published primary structures of the hemagglutinin ha1-subunit. possible differences between natural and sequenced structures are discussed. a tendency to reversions in the course of antigenic draft within the subtype has been revealed to support the hypothesis of limited antigenic evolution within a single subtype. | 1986 | 3821759 |
| [epidemiologic surveillance of influenza in rome 1982-1984]. | in the periods from july 1982 to june 1983 and july 1983 to june 1984, 31 strains of influenza virus, of which 19 a/h3n2 6 a/h1n1 and 6 type b, were isolated from 242 throat cultures obtained from patients with acute febrile respiratory disease. a seroepidemiological survey on 520 serum samples confirms significant activity of influenza viruses during the winterly period of 1983-1984. in the period july-august 1983 the evaluation of mortality from respiratory diseases presents an excess in respe ... | 1986 | 3823365 |
| [pathologico-anatomic findings in sudden, unexpected death in children and adults with influenza a infection]. | thé following observations resulted from studies on forensic autopsy cases: in 76% of the adults and 55% of the infants the cases of unexpected sudden death without morphologically verifiable causes of death showed virologic evidence of recent influenza-a (h3n2)-infection. the pathologic findings corresponded with the findings in lethal infections with influenza-a viruses. investigation of cases of sudden and unexpected death should always include virologic serum tests. the demonstration of igm ... | 1986 | 3825314 |
| characterization of variable-region genes and shared crossreactive idiotypes of antibodies specific for antigens of various influenza viruses. | several syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies were obtained against py206, a monoclonal antibody specific for x-31 (h3n2) influenza virus hemagglutinin. this idiotype was found in the sera of balb/c mice immunized with various influenza viruses. adsorption experiments indicated that the py206 id was borne by antibodies specific for viral hemagglutinin (ha) and/or neuraminidase (na). this idiotype was identified on other monoclonal antibodies specific for various influenza has (h3 and h1 ... | 1987 | 3509671 |
| a single amino acid substitution in influenza hemagglutinin abrogates recognition by monoclonal antibody and a spectrum of subtype-specific l3t4+ t cell clones. | a fine specificity analysis of influenza hemagglutinin-specific iak-restricted t cell clones using natural virus variants of the h3n2 subtype, monoclonal antibody-selected variants and a synthetic peptide corresponding to a variable region of the ha1 polypeptide has provided insight on the structural basis for t cell recognition. a glycine to arginine substitution at ha1 135 abrogates recognition by a panel of t cell clones which, according to their reactivity for natural virus variants, have di ... | 1987 | 2434337 |
| antigenic and genetic conservation of h3 influenza virus in wild ducks. | the hemagglutinins of h3 influenza viruses isolated from migratory ducks on the pacific flyway in japan during the period 1977 to 1985 were analyzed antigenically and genetically. antigenic analysis using monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinins of a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) and a/duck/hokkaido/8/80 (h3n8) viruses showed that antigenic drift occurred extensively in human strains, whereas the hemagglutinins of duck viruses were highly conserved. it was also found that the hemagglutinins of duck virus ... | 1987 | 2440178 |
| the avian influenza virus nucleoprotein gene and a specific constellation of avian and human virus polymerase genes each specify attenuation of avian-human influenza a/pintail/79 reassortant viruses for monkeys. | reassortant viruses which possessed the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of wild-type human influenza a viruses and the remaining six rna segments (internal genes) of the avian a/pintail/alberta/119/79 (h4n6) virus were previously found to be attenuated in humans. to study the genetic basis of this attenuation, we isolated influenza a/pintail/79 x a/washington/897/80 reassortant viruses which contained human influenza virus h3n2 surface glycoprotein genes and various combinations of avian o ... | 1987 | 2441080 |
| outbreaks of classical swine influenza in pigs in england in 1986. | serum samples from pig herds in great britain have been examined for antibodies to influenza virus since 1968. antibodies to h3n2 virus strains have been found since 1968 and the serological data presented here suggests that h3n2 virus strains continue to persist in the pig population. an outbreak of acute respiratory disease occurred in a 400-sow unit. the outbreak was characterised by coughing, anorexia, fever, inappetence and loss of condition. the gilts and weaners were affected and the morb ... | 1987 | 2820111 |
| porcine influenza outbreak in east anglia due to influenza a virus (h3n2) | 1987 | 2832998 | |
| specific antibody responses by high- and low-density human peripheral blood b cells: t-helper cells and t-cell replacing factor (trf) act on different b-cell subpopulations. | antibody production to influenza a strain virus x31 (h3n2) was measured in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) stimulated with either antigen (x31) or pokeweed mitogen (pwm). with some donors, x31 antibody was produced in response to antigenic stimulation, but not as part of the polyclonal response to pwm, suggesting that antigen and pwm may be acting on different b-cell subpopulations. to test this hypothesis, t-cell depleted pbmc (e-) cells were fractionated on discontinuous ... | 1987 | 2959615 |
| isolation of human (h3n2) influenza virus and prevalence of the virus-antibody in swine. | 1987 | 2828738 | |
| [comparative study of interferon inducers obtained from natural sources]. | interferon-inducing and antiviral effects of natural dsrna preparations of phage phi 6 and yeast cells were studied in the culture of murine cells l-929 and on random bred albino mice. both the preparations showed interferon inducing activity in the cell culture. however, for realization of their effect modification of the surface cell membrane by polycation exchange resin (deae-dextran) was required. the interferon-inducing activity of both of the natural dsrna in the mice was high. the maximum ... | 1987 | 2436574 |
| studies on influenza-virus virulence in recombinants between epidemic and vaccine strains. | influenza virus recombinants between epidemic strains a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1), a/ussr/382/78 (h3n2) and vaccine strains a/leningrad/9/46 (h1n1), a/victoria/35/72/50 (h3n2) have been tested for virulence for humans and albino mice; their genome structure has also been determined. it has been shown that after the replacement of surface antigens of a/leningrad/9/46 (h1n1) strain by surface antigens of a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1) or a/ussr/382/78 (h3n2), strains, the virus becomes totally nonpathogenic for ... | 1987 | 2891277 |
| clinical and morphologic studies on the guinea pig eye infected with human influenza virus strains of different virulence. | human influenza virus serotypes h3n2 and h2n2 caused iridocyclitis and uveitis when inoculated at does of 10(6) 6.5 eid50 into the guinea pig eye anterior chamber. virulent influenza virus strains and their attenuated variants prepared by passaging in chick embryos (ce) have been compared in this model. these studies showed that virulent viruses cause more severe damage in the eyes than the attenuated strains. | 1987 | 2892383 |
| egg-grown and tissue-culture-grown variants of influenza a (h3n2) virus with special attention to their use as antigens in seroepidemiology. | a field strain of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated in embryonated eggs during the 1984-5 influenza outbreak (a/finland/13/85e) was compared in an antigenic analysis with virus from the same clinical specimen isolated in mdck cell cultures (a/finland/13/85m). the m-virus appeared to be more sensitive to haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against heterologous viruses than did the e-virus. the results of propagation and plaque purification experiments support the hypothesis that a single clin ... | 1987 | 3428377 |
| antigen-presenting b cells and helper t cells cooperatively mediate intravirionic antigenic competition between influenza a virus surface glycoproteins. | parenteral vaccination of balb/c mice primed by infection with h3n2 variants of influenza a virus results in a reduced production of n2 antibody in response to homologous (h3n2) vaccine compared with the response to an h7n2 vaccine equal in n2 immunologenicity. we now have studied the interaction in vitro of purified splenic b and t lymphocytes from variably immunized mice to ascertain the cellular basis of the hemagglutinin (ha)-influenced antibody response to neuraminidase (na). assay of the p ... | 1987 | 2958849 |
| [biological characteristics of epidemic and interepidemic strains of the influenza a (h3n2) virus]. | comparative studies of biological properties of influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated in the epidemics of 1980 and 1983 and in the interepidemic period of 1982 showed a sharp reduction of the biological activity of the interepidemic viruses as compared with that of the epidemic ones. this was manifested by low isolation rate of virus in the interepidemic period, reduced hemagglutinating, interfering, and immunogenic activity of these viruses, poor reproduction in the lung tissue of white mice and ... | 1987 | 2963436 |
| immunologic response to influenza virus neuraminidase is influenced by prior experience with the associated viral hemagglutinin. iii. reduced generation of neuraminidase-specific helper t cells in hemagglutinin-primed mice. | in balb/c mice primed by influenza virus infection to h3 hemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidase, presentation of n2 in association with a heterosubtypic (h7) hemagglutinin results in production of a greater amount of n2 antibody than is found with homologous (h3n2) reimmunization. titration of primed helper t cell (th) activity by adoptive transfer of purified t cells to athymic mice given h6n2 vaccine demonstrates a lesser number of n2-specific th cells in mice subjected to homologous reimmunizatio ... | 1987 | 2957444 |
| sequential infection or immunization of ferrets with a series of influenza a (h3n2) strains (report to the medical research council's sub-committee on influenza vaccines (cdvip/iv)). | previous studies of boys at christ's hospital school have indicated that annual immunization with influenza virus vaccines did not significantly reduce the total incidence of influenza infection compared to unimmunized subjects. in view of the implications of this result, a similar study was conducted in ferrets to clarify these findings. groups of ferrets were immunized or infected with a series of influenza a (h3n2) viruses over an 18-month period, and the immunity to subsequent live virus cha ... | 1987 | 3315713 |
| immunologic response to the influenza virus neuraminidase is influenced by prior experience with the associated viral hemagglutinin. i. studies in human vaccinees. | analysis of an earlier study of h3n2 and h7n2 inactivated influenza vaccines in schoolchildren demonstrated a greater viral neuraminidase (na) immunogenicity of the vaccine containing the h7 hemagglutinin (ha) antigen to which they had not been primed, despite the lesser na antigen content of that vaccine. thus, prior experience with the influenza viral ha appeared to have a negative influence on immune response to na, the associated external glycoprotein, presumably on the basis of intermolecul ... | 1987 | 3571981 |
| the receptor-binding and membrane-fusion properties of influenza virus variants selected using anti-haemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies. | a monoclonal antibody raised against x-31 influenza virus reacted with the majority of natural h3n2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 1982. a number of variants of x-31 and of a receptor-binding mutant of x-31 were selected by the antibody during virus replication in eggs and mdck cells. antibody-binding assays indicated that the viruses selected were not antigenic variants and analyses using derivatized erythrocytes showed that their receptor-binding properties differed from those of the parent ... | 1987 | 3608984 |
| subtype-specific identification of influenza virus in cell cultures with fitc labelled egg yolk antibodies. | we report on results obtained with a direct immunofluorescence test for subtype-specific identification of influenza virus in detached cells of mdck cultures after inoculation of 281 clinical specimens from patients with influenza-like disease. influenza virus antibodies were produced in eggs from immunized hens and labelled with fitc. in 157 cases cpe was found in mdck cells. a total of 57 cases of influenza a (h3n2), 86 cases of influenza a (h1n1), and 14 cases of influenza b were identified. ... | 1987 | 3547056 |
| [effectiveness of annual booster inoculations against various influenza serotypes and the procedure for mass vaccination]. | the epidemiological observation during an outbreak of a (h3n2) influenza in february-march, 1983, showed that the third annual vaccination with killed influenza vaccine did not enhance the effectiveness of vaccinations in the populations under study. it was observed that 14 months after immunization, 55.9% of the subjects examined had antibody titres of 1:40 or higher to the a/bangkok/1/79 strain antigenically related to the vaccine strain, and 41% of the subjects of this group had antibodies to ... | 1987 | 3445582 |
| [significance of legionella pneumophila in human respiratory pathology]. | the etiological structure of acute pneumonia and acute respiratory diseases was studied with a view to establishing the proportion of l. pneumophila among other causative agents of such diseases. a total of 299 patients were examined over time. the etiological diagnosis based on the data of serological examination was made in 70.6% of the patients with acute pneumonia and in 65% of the patients with acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. in the etiology of pneumonia, the leading role ... | 1987 | 3604505 |
| [characteristics of the influenza type a (h3n2) epidemic in omsk in january 1985]. | the work presents the data obtained in analysis of the epidemic situation among the population of omsk in january-february 1985 and the characterization of the isolated strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus, determines the specific features of the course of the influenza epidemic process among different social and age groups, evaluates anti-influenza measures. | 1987 | 3604506 |
| [genetic recombination between natural isolates of influenza virus serotypes h1n1 and h3n2]. | oligonucleotide mapping of individual genes was used for search of possible genetic recombinants between natural isolates of influenza h1n1 and h3n2 viruses isolated in the ussr in 1977-1979. no antigenic hybrids and recombinants with the antigenic structure h3n2 were found, however, it was shown that isolates of h1n1 viruses of 1979 (the a/ussr/61/79 strain) might represent genetic recombinants carrying genes p1 + p2 from h3n2 viruses, the m-gene of the ussr/61/79 virus being closest in its str ... | 1987 | 3445583 |
| bile immunoglobulin of the duck (anas platyrhynchos). ii. antibody response in influenza a virus infections. | the capacity of the igm-like bile immunoglobulin (igx) of the duck (anas platyrhynchos) to express antibody activity to h3n2 influenza a viruses, and the dependence of this activity on the co-existence of serum igm antibodies were investigated. ducklings infected orally and intranasally at 15-29 days of age with viruses isolated from different host species were examined for haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies in biles and sera 16-29 days after infection (p.i.). all biles had antibodies ... | 1987 | 3451744 |
| purified influenza virus nucleoprotein protects mice from lethal infection. | local administration of nucleoprotein purified from x31 (h3n2) influenza a virus primed for a virus cross-reactive cytotoxic t cells and resulted in substantial protection (75%) of mice from a lethal challenge with the heterologous mouse-adapted a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) virus. by following the course of a lethal virus challenge we found that nucleoprotein priming did not prevent virus infection but rather aided recovery. nucleoprotein-primed mice suffered initial symptoms of infection, i.e. weight loss ... | 1987 | 3493324 |
| [immunity of the populations of the ussr and east germany to reference strains of influenza viruses and the characteristics of a new antigenic variant of the virus]. | in 1985, a new epidemic variant of influenza virus, a/berlin/6/85 (h3n2) was isolated which differed antigenically from the reference a/philippines/2/82 virus. the results of the study of population immunity in adults and children of the ussr and gdr to these virus variants confirm the data on the continuing drift of virus a (h3n2). | 1987 | 3500544 |
| [virological studies in fatal outcomes in influenza and its complications in adults during the period of influenza a (h3n2) virus circulation from 1969 to 1983]. | in the period of circulation of influenza a (h3n2) virus, 1969-1983, we examined virologically the autopsy specimens from 69 adults who died of influenza and its complications. immunofluorescence examinations of organ impressions and infected cultures as well as virus isolations were used for postmortem laboratory diagnosis. influenza viruses were isolated postmortem in all age groups, predominantly in older subjects (over 60), both in cases of early and late (after 7 days) deaths. the viruses w ... | 1987 | 3324479 |
| effect of syngeneic anti-idiotypic antibody on influenza virus neuraminidase antibody response. | influenza viruses possess two major surface glycoproteins - hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). py203, a monoclonal antibody (ab) specific for the neuraminidase of the pr8 (h1n1) influenza virus, was used to prepare syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic (anti-id) abs. from a balb/c mouse immunized with py203 (anti-n1), we obtained rm1, a monoclonal anti-id ab. the py203-id was detected in a significant fraction of immunoglobulins (igs) in the primary and secondary responses elicited by pr8 ... | 1987 | 3509674 |
| [primary structure of the full-size dna copy of the influenza virus a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) pb1 gene protein]. | nucleotide sequence of the a/kiev/59/79 influenza virus pb1 gene is reported, thus completing the full-genome primary structure of the recombinant between the virus and laboratory strain a/pr/8/34. the parental strain a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) is, in turn, shown to be a natural reassortant inheriting its genes of polymerase complex (pb1, pb2, np and, in all probability, pa) from contemporary h3n2 influenza virus strains. | 1987 | 3426639 |
| vaccination activity of live influenza vaccine in different seasons of the year. | reactogenicity, immunogenicity and viability of the vaccine virus were studied during vaccination of adults with live allantoic influenza vaccines of the types a (h1n1), a (h3n2) and b in different seasons of the year. seasonal oscillations of reactogenicity of the vaccines (minimum in summer, maximum in winter) were demonstrated. a decrease in the re-isolation rate of vaccine viruses and in their content in the secretions of the upper respiratory passages was observed in summer. seasonal oscill ... | 1987 | 3429857 |
| [evaluation of the potential use of inactivated influenza centrifuged vaccines with various hemagglutinin levels for immunizing schoolchildren]. | the safety, reactogenic properties and immunogenic potency of inactivated influenza centrifuged vaccines with different hemagglutinin content were studied in observations on children aged 11-15 and 7-10 years. according to the results of clinico-laboratory investigations, commercial influenza vaccine and its variant with hemagglutinin content reduced by half were found to be safe and showed faintly pronounced reactogenic properties in children. after vaccination hyperemia developed at the site o ... | 1987 | 3434050 |
| a new concept of the epidemic process of influenza a virus. | influenza a virus was discovered in 1933, and since then four major variants have caused all the epidemics of human influenza a. each had an era of solo world prevalence until 1977 as follows: h0n1 (old style) strains until 1946, h1n1 (old style) strains until 1957, h2n2 strains until 1968, then h3n2 strains, which were joined in 1977 by a renewed prevalence of h1n1 (old style) strains. serological studies show that h2n2 strains probably had had a previous era of world prevalence during the last ... | 1987 | 3301379 |
| children with influenza a infection: treatment with rimantadine. | treatment with rimantadine of influenza in children and the potential development of resistance in clinical isolates associated with therapy have not been previously studied. we compared rimantadine to acetaminophen therapy in a controlled, double-blind study of 91 children with influenza-like illness. of 69 children with proven influenza a/h3n2 infection, 37 received rimantadine and 32 received acetaminophen for five days. children receiving rimantadine showed significantly greater reduction in ... | 1987 | 3302925 |
| infectivity and reactogenicity of reassortant cold-adapted influenza a/korea/1/82 vaccines obtained from the usa and ussr. | the safety and immunogenicity of two live influenza a virus vaccine strains, the cr 59 and 17/25/1 cold-adapted (ca) reassortants, were evaluated in 170 healthy young adult volunteers. the vaccines were produced by recombining a/korea/1/82 (h3n2) wild-type virus with either a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) or a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2) ca donors of attenuation. both vaccines were well tolerated in volunteers. the 17/25/1 strain, prepared from a/leningrad, infected at least 70% of seronegative volunteer ... | 1987 | 3499246 |
| [the circulation of influenza virus in human communities subjected to the action of noxious chemical substances]. | investigations were conducted during 1985 and 1986 years on the effect of some noxious chemicals on the influenza virus circulation in an industrial enterprise community. the presence of influenza virus type a (h1n1), a (h3n2) and b was revealed by immunofluorescence in exfoliated cells collected from nasopharynx. the kinetic of type specific hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies was followed monthly. chick embryos were used to isolate influenza virus strains. meaning of the results is discusse ... | 1987 | 3310379 |
| differential production of endogenous pyrogen by human peripheral blood leucocytes following interaction with h3n2 or h1n1 influenza viruses of differing virulence. | fever and other constitutional effects of influenza (headache, myalgia, listlessness, nausea, shivering, anorexia and depression) result from liberation of endogenous pyrogen (ep) from phagocytes. these effects are milder for recent h1n1 influenza virus isolates than for h3n2 strains. interaction with human peripheral blood leucocytes in vitro showed that h1n1 strains, a/ussr/90/77 and a/fiji/15899/83, elicited significantly less ep (as assessed by the rabbit pyrogen assay) than two virulent clo ... | 1987 | 3504218 |
| [genetic variability of epidemic strains of influenza virus serotypes h1n1 and h3n2 during antigenic drift]. | data are presented on structural variability of individual genes of selected variants of epidemic influenza viruses h1n1 (1977-1979) and h3n2 (1968-1979) in the course of antigenic drift obtained by oligonucleotide mapping. six out of 8 genes of h1n1 viruses were found to be more variable than the corresponding genes of h3n2 viruses. only ha and ns genes of h3n2 viruses underwent greater structural changes as compared with the analogous genes of h1n1 viruses. in viruses of both serotypes, most v ... | 1987 | 3686982 |
| [antibody formation in the blood and respiratory tract secretions following one-time and repeat immunization with an inactivated influenza vaccine]. | eighty nine volunteers were under study. they were immunized by inactivated vaccine from influenza viruses a(h1n1)+a(h3n2) one time or every year during 4 to 6 years. vaccine in dosage of 0.2 ml was applied intracutaneously. under detailed clinical study deflections of health were not over standard. accumulation of antibodies was determined to immunogens of the vaccine and to virus a/leningrad/x/83(h3n2), which was in epidemic circulation 3 years later. intensity of relative increase of antibodi ... | 1987 | 3673118 |
| [primary structure of the full-length dna copy of the influenza virus a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) pb2 gene]. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned full-length dna copy of the a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) influenza virus pb2 gene has been determined. this strain is shown to be the natural reassortant which inherited its np and pb2 genes from the contemporary h3n2 influenza strains. | 1987 | 3675640 |
| [antigenic and biological characteristics of influenza virus a strains isolated in 1985]. | the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin of influenza a virus (h3n2) strains isolated in 1985 was studied using a series of monoclonal antibody to a/dunedin/4/73/a (h3n2) and a/bangkok/1/79/a (h3n2), and biological and physico-chemical properties of these strains were compared with those of influenza a (h3n2) virus of 1983 and reference a (h3n2) of 1979-1984 (the rate of adsorption on chick erythrocytes and eluting activity, thermostability of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, sensitivity to noni ... | 1987 | 3686980 |
| [structural characteristics of a population of antigenic variants of the influenza a(h3n2) virus]. | the data have been obtained indicating that clone distribution by the antigen avidity in the population of influenza a (h3n2) virus corresponds to normal distribution. the degree of avidity of individual strains is determined by the predominant content of clones with high or low avidity. virus purification by ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradient results in increasing the avidity of the preparation as compared with the original allantoic cultures. defective virions may differ in avidit ... | 1987 | 3686981 |
| immunologic response to influenza virus neuraminidase is influenced by prior experience with the associated viral hemagglutinin. ii. sequential infection of mice simulates human experience. | in man, vaccination with neuraminidase (na) in h7n2 virus hybrids elicits greater anti-na response than does n2 na in h3n2 conventional vaccine, presumably because humans are h3 hemagglutinin (ha) primed and anti-h3 anamnestic response depresses concomitant n2 responses by antigenic competition. in a laboratory model, balb/c mice were primed by different schedules of infection with h3n1, h3n2, and h3n7 viruses and given h3n2 and h7n2 vaccines equivalent in na immunogenicity. in schedules using s ... | 1987 | 3624874 |
| host cell-mediated variation in h3n2 influenza viruses. | the influence of the host cell on the selection of antigenic variants of influenza a h3n2 viruses and the relevance of host cell selection to the induction of immunity by these viruses have been investigated. influenza viruses were isolated from human clinical samples during a single epidemic, were passaged in mammalian madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells or in embryonated hens eggs, and were tested for antigenic variability in the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule with a panel of monoclonal antibo ... | 1987 | 3811239 |
| immunization of elderly people with two doses of influenza vaccine. | a total of 104 elderly patients were immunized with one or two doses of the commercial 1985-1986 inactivated influenza vaccine formulation. two types of vaccines (split virus [sv] vaccine and whole virus [wv] vaccine) and one or two doses 1 month apart were given. no difference in local or systemic reactions was noted among the four groups. the reciprocal geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers against influenza a/philippines/82 (h3n2) after one or two doses were: 78 for sv va ... | 1987 | 3654947 |
| the hemagglutinins of the human influenza viruses a and b recognize different receptor microdomains. | a cryptically i-active sialylglycoprotein (glycoprotein 2) isolated from bovine erythrocyte membranes as sendai virus receptor (suzuki, y., suzuki, t. and matsumoto, m. (1983) j. biochem. 93, 1621-1633) contains n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neugc) as its predominate sialic acid and exhibits poor receptor activity for a variety of influenza viruses. enzymatic modification of asialoglycoprotein-2 to contain n-acetylneuraminic acid (neuac) in the neuac alpha 2-3gal and neuac alpha 2-6gal sequences us ... | 1987 | 3663654 |
| immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide corresponding to a portion of the heavy chain of h3n2 influenza virus haemagglutinin. | rabbits were immunized with a synthetic octadecapeptide corresponding to the sequence ser-91 to leu-108 of the haemagglutinin heavy chain of h3n2 influenza a viruses. they developed antibodies reactive in solid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria) with the peptide and with haemagglutinins of various h3n2 viruses but not of heterotypic h1n1 and h2n2 viruses. the antibodies were also non-reactive in the haemagglutination-inhibition or neutralization test. influenza h3n2 virus replicated in the lungs of ... | 1987 | 3612090 |
| seroepidemiologic study on influenza a (h1n1) virus infection among school children after an "antigenic shift" from a (h3n2) to a (h1n1) in kukuoka of southern japan in 1978. | 1987 | 3670940 | |
| molecular hybridization with dna-probes as a laboratory diagnostic test for influenza viruses. | the possibilities of using dna-copies of different influenza a virus genes cloned with recombinant bacterial plasmids for the detection of virus-specific rna by molecular dot-hybridization were analyzed. high specificity of rna identification has been demonstrated and it has been shown expedient to use dna-probes with high-conservative virus genes (polymerase, nucleoprotein, or matrix) for the detection of influenza a virus subtypes (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) and probes with corresponding hemagglutinin ... | 1987 | 3617494 |
| influenza a and b antibody status in tanzania. | sera from 200 babies and young children and from 205 mother-newborn pairs were tested for haemagglutination inhibiting antibody against three a-h1n1, one a-h2n2, four a-h3n2, and two influenza b viruses. the results indicated that a higher concentration of antibody against all influenza a and b viruses tested was found more frequently in maternal sera than in neonatal sera. high prevalences of antibody and high geometric mean titres against the a-h2n2-1957 and a-h3n2-1968 viruses from the eras 1 ... | 1987 | 3445328 |
| relative antigenicity in mice of h1n1, h3n2 and b strains present in inactivated influenza virus vaccines. | the results of a study on serum hai and neutralizing antibodies induced in mice by whole influenza virus vaccines containing a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1), a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) and b/singapore/222/79 viruses are reported. according to the gmt of hai, the antigenic potency of the three vaccine strains appear to be different. the a/brazil/11/78 antigen induced the lowest hai antibody responses and the a/bangkok/1/79 antigen the greatest. this behaviour, with a few exceptions, was noted regardless of the ... | 1987 | 3582601 |
| antigenic analysis of intraepidemic variants of influenza a (h3n2) viruses by hyperimmune rat antisera. | hyperimmune rat antisera prepared against 5 recent antigenic variants of influenza a (h3n2) viruses were studied for haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibodies to the homologous and the heterologous viruses. the ratios of homologous to heterologous reactions varied from one animal to another in immunizations with each of the immunogens. some antisera exhibited a ratio high enough to allow differentiation of the epidemic variants and demonstration of an intraepidemic heterogeneity of field stra ... | 1987 | 3584390 |
| [the 1985 influenza epidemic in a pediatric practice]. | because it is not possible to distinguish clinically influenza from other respiratory infections, virological methods have to be used to establish the influenza etiology. nasopharyngeal swabs from 202 children with respiratory symptoms were taken. influenza a virus (h3n2) was isolated from 44 children, influenza a virus (h1n1) from 61 children and influenza b virus from 13 children. the maximal activity of the two influenza a virus subtypes was different. the following features permitted the cla ... | 1987 | 3600670 |
| demonstration of an immunosuppressive action of detergent-disrupted influenza virus on the antibody response to inactivated whole virus vaccine. | in a series of experiments performed in hamsters and mice, administration of mixtures of detergent-disrupted (sv) influenza a x49 (h3n2) virus and inactivated x49 whole virus (wv) vaccine induced lower serum antibody titres than equivalent or lower doses of wv vaccine alone. this reduction in antibody titre was also observed using influenza a (h1n1) and influenza b (b/hong kong/8/73) sv and wv vaccine preparations. the results suggested that sv preparations can suppress the serum antibody respon ... | 1987 | 3819697 |
| an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) in a hospital for the elderly with emphasis on pulmonary complications. | from dec 1, 1985 to jan 18, 1986, 133 of 379 (35.1%) mainly elderly in-patients at a hospital in fukuoka city were infected with influenza virus a (h3n2). in 32 of the 133 (24.1%) infected with the virus, pneumonia occurred. the occurrence was significantly higher in man (33.1%) than in women (17.1%) (p less than 0.05), and the same occurrence was found to be higher in bed-ridden patients (32.7%) than in ambulatory patients (17.3%) (p less than 0.05). it was also higher in those age 70 or older ... | 1988 | 3418982 |
| [genetic basis of influenza virus virulence: gene composition and virulence of reassortants between mouse-adapted and nonadapted strains from different subtypes]. | reassortment analysis of the pneumovirulence for mice marker of influenza virus has been performed. the original a/ussr/90/77 (h1h1) influenza virus strain or its mouse-adapted variant were crossed with a variant of a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) influenza virus highly virulent for mice. the reassortant having ha gene of the original a/ussr/90/77 virus and the other genes of the highly virulent a/aichi/2/68 strain was avirulent for mice, whereas a similar reassortant possessing ha gene of the mouse-adapted ... | 1988 | 3211186 |
| antibody responses of swine to type a influenza viruses during the past ten years in japan. | a total of 6346 swine sera collected at an abattoir in the city of obihiro, hokkaido during the years 1978-87 were tested for the presence of antibodies to swine and human influenza viruses. a high incidence of antibody to a/new jersey/8/76 (swine type h1n1) virus was observed throughout the 10 years except for the occasional month and a single long period of 15 months. antibodies to human h3n2 virus in swine appeared to be related to the epidemics of human influenza which occurred in the study ... | 1988 | 3378588 |
| efficacy of sequential annual vaccination with inactivated influenza virus vaccine. | inactivated influenza virus vaccine efficacy after annual revaccination has been reported to be less than that after first vaccination in boarding school children. we prospectively examined the immunogenicity and efficacy of this vaccine in healthy 30- to 60-year-old volunteers in houston, texas, over two epidemic seasons (1983-1985) encompassing outbreaks due to influenza a (h3n2 and h1n1) and influenza b viruses. a placebo group that had never (or not in recent years) received inactivated infl ... | 1988 | 3337087 |
| immunization of elderly people with high doses of influenza vaccine. | healthy ambulatory elderly were immunized with increasing doses of the 1984-1985 influenza vaccine formulation. two types of vaccines, split-product vaccine (spv) and whole virus vaccine (wvv), were used. three different doses, 0.5 ml (the standard volume, 1x), or 1.0 ml (2x), and 1.5 ml (3x) of each of the two vaccines were compared. the size of each of the six groups was between 23 and 26 subjects. the mean ages in each of the groups ranged from 71 to 74 years. no difference in local or system ... | 1988 | 3339228 |
| epidemiology of acute respiratory illness during an influenza outbreak in a nursing home. a prospective study. | we observed an influenza epidemic caused by influenza a/arizona/82 (h3n2) in a nursing home during 1982 to 1983. a survey indicated that 59% of the residents were immunized before the outbreak. the outbreak was observed to begin in november, peak in february, and disappear in april. a significant level of herd immunity may have accounted for the slow progression through the nursing home. in addition, serologic evidence of concurrent infection with respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus ... | 1988 | 3341856 |
| influenza virus infection of tracheal gland cells in culture. | influenza virus-induced tracheobronchitis causes limited epithelial deciliation but markedly decreased mucociliary transport. this suggests that virus-induced alterations in airway mucus play a role in decreased mucociliary transport. airway submucosal glands are a primary source of mucus. therefore, we examined virus-gland cell interactions by exposing primary cultures of isolated feline tracheal gland cells to influenza a/scotland/840/74 h3n2 virus for 1 h at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 ... | 1988 | 3357204 |
| host cell-mediated selection of influenza a (h3n2) virus variant subpopulations: lack of association between antigenic and receptor-binding properties. | during the outbreak of influenza due to a (h3n3) viruses in finland in 1985/6 virus pairs were isolated from the same clinical specimens in embryonated hens' eggs (ce) and in canine kidney cell cultures (mdck). some of these isolates, the e and m pairs, were distinguished by their reactions in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests carried out using polyclonal antisera, and by receptor-binding properties, as evidenced by differences in their elution activity from erythrocytes. passage of the e- ... | 1988 | 3378587 |
| comparative activities of several nucleoside analogs against influenza a, b, and c viruses in vitro. | a set of 20 nucleoside analogs were examined for their inhibitory effects on the cytopathogenicity and growth of influenza virus type a, b, and c strains in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. among the compounds evaluated, pyrazofurin, 3-deazaguanine, ribavirin, carbodine, and cyclopentenyl cytosine inhibited viral cytopathogenicity at concentrations that were lower than those found cytotoxic for the mdck cells. no differences were observed in the 50% effective doses (based on inhibition of ... | 1988 | 3415210 |
| characterization of envelope antigens of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated during 1983-1985 epidemics and from sporadic cases of infection. | ten strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated from an outbreak in 1983, and ten strains isolated in 1985 from sporadic cases of infection were included in the study. for characterization of envelope antigens were used the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies tested in the reaction of haemagglutinin inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, and by lectin test. the strains but slightly different in the tests with polyclonal antibodies could clearly be classified to 3-4 groups using 5 monoclonal ant ... | 1988 | 3411119 |
| human influenza viral neuraminidases augment cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. | previously, we reported that influenza virus-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity (cmc) was largely due to its glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (na). these observations were based on the use of a single influenza virus strain, the a/port chalmers/3/73 (h3n2), and these were considered insufficient to generalize that all human influenza virus nas augment cmc. therefore, antigenically different nas of human influenza strains were used to study whether (a) all nas possess the potential ... | 1988 | 3412358 |
| local and systemic antibody responses in high-risk adults given live-attenuated and inactivated influenza a virus vaccines. | forty seropositive older adults with chronic diseases were vaccinated intranasally with either influenza a/california/10/78 (h1n1) (cr37) or influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) (cr48) virus. no clinically significant decrements in pulmonary function occurred postvaccination. eight (62%) recipients of cr37 virus and 16 (59%) recipients of cr48 virus became infected with vaccine virus, as indicated by a fourfold rise in nasal wash immunoglobulin g (igg) or iga antibody titer, a fourfold rise in s ... | 1988 | 3384914 |
| the carbohydrate chains of influenza virus hemagglutinin. | the major surface antigen of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2), h3 hemagglutinin, as well as its heavy and light subunits were obtained by bromelain treatment, followed by gel chromatography. carbohydrate chains were split off from both subunits by lithium borohydride-lithium hydroxide in aqueous 2-methyl-2-propanol, and individual oligosaccharides isolated. the main oligosaccharides, whose structure was determined by 1h-n.m.r. spectroscopy and chemical methods, are of the ordinary oligo ... | 1988 | 3191507 |
| origin of the hemagglutinin gene of h3n2 influenza viruses from pigs in china. | influenza viruses of the h3n2 subtype similar to aichi/2/68 and victoria/3/75 persist in pigs many years after their antigenic counterparts have disappeared from humans (shortridge et al. (1977). science 19, 1454-1455). to provide information on the mechanism of conservation of these influenza viruses in pigs, the hemagglutinin (ha) of four isolates from swine derived from taiwan and southern china were analyzed antigenically and genetically. the reactivity pattern of these viruses with a panel ... | 1988 | 3336940 |
| [analysis of the potentials of molecular hybridization of nucleic acids as a method of the laboratory diagnosis of influenza]. | the possibilities of using the dna copies of different genes of influenza a virus for the detection of virus-specific rna by molecular dot hybridization have been studied. high specificity and sensitivity of the rna determination techniques have been demonstrated, as well as the efficacy of using dna probes with the sequences of conservative genes (polymerase, nucleoprotein and matrix genes) for the detection of influenza a virus subtypes h1n1, h2n2, h3n2 and probes with the copies of the corres ... | 1988 | 3291499 |
| four viral genes independently contribute to attenuation of live influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted reassortant virus vaccines. | clinical studies previously demonstrated that live influenza a virus vaccines derived by genetic reassortment from the mating of influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted (ca) donor virus with epidemic wild-type influenza a viruses are reproducibly safe, infectious, immunogenic, and efficacious in the prevention of illness caused by challenge with virulent wild-type virus. these influenza a reassortant virus vaccines also express the ca and temperature sensitivity (ts) phenotypes in vitro, ... | 1988 | 3336068 |
| [identification of the hemagglutinating antigens of the influenza virus by immunoenzyme analysis]. | highly active test sera detecting the presence of virus antigen both in concentrated and purified preparations and in allantoic virus cultures directly adsorbed on the solid phase have been proposed for successful identification and detection of influenza a and b virus variants. after direct sorption of purified and concentrated virus preparations, the test sera to influenza a (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) virus detect the virus antigen in a concentration of 8 ng/ml, test sera to influenza b virus in a con ... | 1988 | 3064428 |
| the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection on antibody responses to influenza vaccines. | to ascertain whether subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) generally develop protective hemagglutination inhibition antibody responses to inactivated influenza vaccines. | 1988 | 2970238 |
| susceptibility to virus infection with exposure to nitrogen dioxide. | the interaction between nitrogen dioxide (no2) exposure and human susceptibility to respiratory virus infection was investigated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded trial that was conducted in an environmentally controlled research chamber over a three-year period. healthy, non-smoking volunteers, 18 to 35 years old, who were seronegative to influenza a/korea/82 (h3n2) virus, were randomly assigned either to breathe filtered clean air (clean air group) or nitrogen dioxide (exposure grou ... | 1988 | 3077322 |
| epidemiologic features of influenza in a large urban centre (b.) in romania, in 1987. | the study presents the peculiarities of influenza evolution in 1987 in a large town in romania. these features were defined by a complex methodology, based on clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory investigations, used in the active control of the epidemiologic process kinetics. the influenza viruses type a (h1n1 and h3n2) had a major role in the infecting and immunizing contacts in all age groups whereas the influenza virus type b had a reduced circulation. the epidemiologic influenza impact in ... | 1988 | 3195054 |
| surveillance of influenza a and b viruses in italy between 1984 and 1987. | antigenically heterogeneous strains and new variants of influenza a viruses, both a (h3n2) and (h1n1) subtypes, as well as influenza b strains were detected in italy in a period, between 1984-1987, characterized by a moderate degree of influenza activity. each year the evaluation, by srh technique, of antibodies, in the population, to currently circulating viruses, has confirmed the extent of infection and often the prevalent virus. | 1988 | 3203724 |
| a study of intranasally administered interferon a (rifn-alpha 2a) for the seasonal prophylaxis of natural viral infections of the upper respiratory tract in healthy volunteers. | the efficacy of interferon a (rifn-alpha 2a), an escherichia coli-derived interferon, in the prophylaxis of acute upper respiratory tract infection, was evaluated in a community-based double-blind placebo-controlled study in the australian winter of 1985. the trial population of 412 healthy volunteers (190 males and 222 females, aged 18-65 years) self-administered 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 megaunits (mu) of interferon a per day or a placebo, intranasally for 28 days. the period of study coincided with an ... | 1988 | 3215290 |
| immunostimulating agents against influenza virus infection in senescent rats. | this study investigated the nonspecific immunomodulatory effects of bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg), muramyl dipeptide (mdp) and ascorbic acid (vitamin c) on virus infection of the respiratory tract in fischer-344 rats. groups of young adult (12-16 months old) and aged (24-30 months old) rats were given bcg or mdp intranasally or vitamin c orally 6 weeks and again 3 days before an intranasal challenge with influenza virus a/bangkok/h3n2 (10(6) 50% eid). titers of hemagglutinin in lung homogenates ... | 1988 | 3228058 |
| prophylactic use of amantadine in a boarding school outbreak of influenza a. | amantadine was used in a boarding school to control an outbreak of influenza a h3n2. of 859 pupils 79% took amantadine and almost all of them completed the course (100 mg per day for 15 days). while amantadine was being taken the number of clinical cases of influenza was considerably fewer than that predicted on the basis of previous outbreaks of influenza a at the school. however, during the month following the course of amantadine, the outbreak continued with many clinical cases confirmed by v ... | 1988 | 3256644 |
| [design of a recombinant strain of the vaccinia virus containing an expressible gene for influenza a virus hemagglutinin]. | a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) strain containing a cloned gene of influenza a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2) hemagglutinin (ha) gene has been produced. ha expression in cv-1 cells infected with the recombinant virus was determined by enzyme immunoassay. the influenza virus ha titer was 1:64-1:128. when rabbits were inoculated intravenously with the recombinant vav, antibody titres were 1:5120. the recombinant vav preparation may be used for generation of monospecific antibody to influenza virus. | 1988 | 3176425 |
| antigenic and structural characterization of multiple subpopulations of h3n2 influenza virus from an individual. | influenza viruses grown in embryonated chicken eggs frequently possess antigenically distinguishable hemagglutinin (ha) compared to virus from the same source grown in mammalian cell culture. to further investigate the extent of variation among viruses from an individual, viruses were isolated from throat washes collected over a 48-hr period during infection with influenza virus designated a/mem/6/86 (h3n2). viruses were isolated from limit dilutions in eggs and mammalian madin-darby canine kidn ... | 1988 | 3407150 |
| analysis of virus and host factors in a study of a/peking/2/79 (h3n2) cold-adapted vaccine recombinant in which vaccine-associated illness occurred in normal volunteers. | live attenuated cold-adapted influenza vaccine is undergoing evaluation in man. several strains have proven to be safe, immunogenic, nontransmissible, and protective against experimental challenge. in this study of a/peking/2/79(h3n2), with six internal genes from the cold-adapted (ca) parent a/ann arbor/6/60(h2n2), we encountered at the highest input multiplicity, 28% illness rate among individuals infected with vaccine. reversion to wild type and excessive viral replication did not occur. phys ... | 1988 | 3183640 |
| comparison of live, attenuated h1n1 and h3n2 cold-adapted and avian-human influenza a reassortant viruses and inactivated virus vaccine in adults. | the infectivity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live, attenuated influenza a/texas/1/85 (h1n1) and a/bethesda/1/85 (h3n2) avian-human (ah) and cold-adapted (ca) reassortant vaccines were compared in 252 seronegative adult volunteers. the immunogenicity and efficacy of the h1n1 reassortant vaccine were also compared with those of the trivalent inactivated virus vaccine. each reassortant vaccine was satisfactorily attenuated. the 50% human infectious dose was 10(4.9) for ca h1n1, 10(5.4) for ah h ... | 1988 | 3198936 |
| simultaneous determination of the level of antibodies to influenza virus surface and internal proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been adopted for simultaneous determination of the levels of antibodies to different influenza virus proteins in human sera with known haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) titre. whole virus of serotypes h1n1 and h3n2, haemagglutinin (ha), matrix (m) and nucleoprotein (np) proteins have been used as antigens. for detection of antibodies bound to the antigen, peroxidase labelled staphylococcus protein a conjugate has been used. correlation of the elisa a ... | 1988 | 2899957 |
| resistance of mice to reinfection after e-aminocaproic acid treatment of primary influenza virus infection. | the effect of proteolysis inhibitors on the formation of resistance to virus challenge has been studied in experimental influenza of mice. e-aminocaproic acid (e-aca) when used in the treatment of influenza decreased the virus reproduction in lungs and also enhanced the humoral immune response. the antibody titre on days 14 to 21 post infection (p.i.) was significantly higher in the treated animals. on day 30 after challenge with the homologous strain (h3n2) the virus reproduced to low levels in ... | 1988 | 2899958 |
| an improved membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassay for the rapid serological diagnosis of viral infections. | a one-step modification of the membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassay (mf eia) (barnett et al., j. clin. microbiol., 23:385-399, 1987), for estimation of virus-specific antibody is described. the modified mf eia allowed serum, antigen and enzyme-conjugated anti-globulin to be incubated together in membrane-based 96-well plates to enable the formation of immune complexes in solution at 37 degrees c. the assay required only 45 min for completion and polyethylene glycol was shown to be an essential ... | 1988 | 3053742 |
| identification of sequence changes in the cold-adapted, live attenuated influenza vaccine strain, a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2). | nucleotide sequences have been obtained for rna segments encoding the pb2, pb1, pa, np, m1, m2, ns1, and ns2 proteins of the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) wild-type (wt) virus and its cold-adapted (ca) derivative that has been used for preparing investigational live attenuated vaccines. twenty-four nucleotide differences between the ca and wt viruses were detected, of which 11 were deduced to code for amino acid substitutions in the ca virus proteins. one amino acid substitution each was pre ... | 1988 | 2974219 |