Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus. transfer of the two ts-1a2 ts lesions present in the udorn/72-ts-1a2 donor virus to the influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) wild type virus. | the udorn/72-ts-1a2 temperature-sensitive influenza a virus has a 37 degrees c shutoff temperature and a ts mutation on the genes coding for the p1 and p3 proteins. this ts donor virus was produced with the expectation that the transfer of its two ts genes would regularly and predictably attenuate each new variant of influenza a virus. it had previously been mated with the a/victoria/75 (h3n2) virus and five vic/75-ts-1a2 rcombinants were isolated that had both ts-1a2 ts genes and in vitro and i ... | 1980 | 7425858 |
| a study of live influenza virus vaccine in patients with chronic bronchitis. report to medical research council's committee on influenza and other respiratory virus vaccines. advisory group on pulmonary function tests in relation to live influenza virus vaccines. | a multicentre study of the effects of influenza virus rit 4050 (h3n2) in patients with chronic bronchitis was conducted by members of an mrc committee. the results showed that rit 4050 vaccine virus did not cause a deterioration in clinical or physiological status in these patients within the limitation of the relatively reproducible ventilatory tests which were employed. this conclusion applied equally to those who were inoculated and became infected and to those who failed to develop serologic ... | 1980 | 7426351 |
| production of an attenuated influenza a (h3n2) strain "ko-1" by recombination with a/okuda/57 (h2n2) followed by selection of inhibitor-resistant virus. | a live attenuated influenza a (h3n2) strain "ko-1" was developed by recombination of wild influenza a/kumamoto/22/76 (h3n2) with attenuated a/okuda/57 (h2n2) followed by passage in developing chick eggs in the presence of horse serum inhibitor. the virus strain "ko-1" obtained is inhibitor-resistant, and has hemagglutinating (ha) and neuraminidase (na) antigenicity derived from the wild parent virus. rna analysis revealed that one rna segment (corresponding to m protein) was derived from the a/o ... | 1980 | 7437002 |
| correlation between antibody titers to influenza a virus subtypes h1n1 and h3n2 as measured by hemagglutination-inhibition and hemolysis-in-gel tests. | 1980 | 7441011 | |
| protection of infants from infection with influenza a virus by transplacentally acquired antibody. | transplacentally acquired antibody to influenza a virus was measured by a microneutralization test and a radioimmunoprecipitation assay in cord blood obtained from infants at a large urban county hospital in 1975-1978. random samples tested before epidemic periods were a measure of susceptibility of the population. twenty-six infants from whom cord sera were available had culture-documented infections with influenza a/victoria (h3n2) virus when younger than four months. the direct correlation be ... | 1980 | 7462695 |
| studies with a cold-recombinant a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus. i. biologic, genetic, and biochemical characterization. | a cold-recombinant virus cr 22, was derived from an attenuated cold-adapted parent strain. a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2), and a wild-type parent strain, a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2). antigenic analysis showed that cr 22 possesses the hemagglutinin and neruaminidase surface antigens derived from the a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) parent. from studies of virus-induced polypeptides using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it was deduced that a polymerase protein, p1, is coded and by an rna segment derived from the wi ... | 1980 | 7462696 |
| studies with a cold-recombinant a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus. ii. evaluation in adult volunteers. | a cold-recombinant influenza a virus, cr 22, derived from a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted virus and a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) wild-type virus, was tested in adult volunteers. cr 22 induced only low-grade clinical reactions in volunteers who had low titers of serum antibodies. virus could be reisolated from about one-third of the volunteers, but only at low titers. no revertant viruses were found, and there was no evidence for transmission of virus to unvaccinated volunteers housed in the close ... | 1980 | 7462697 |
| defective interfering influenza viruses and host cells: establishment and maintenance of persistent influenza virus infection in mdbk and hela cells. | wsn (h0n1) influenza virus upon undiluted passages in different species of cells, namely, bovine kidney (mdbk), chicken embryo (cef), and hela cells, produced a varying amount of defective interfering (di) virus which correlated well with the ability of the species of cell to produce infectious virus. however, the nature of the influenza di viral rna produced from a single clonal stock was essentially identical in all three cells types, suggesting that these cells do not exert a great selective ... | 1980 | 7463559 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus: evaluation of the alaska/77-ts-1a2 temperature-sensitive recombinant virus in seronegative adult volunteers. | an influenza a virus recombinant bearing the surface antigens of the a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) wild type virus ands the two ts genes of the a/udorn/72-ts-1a2 (h3n2) virus was evaluated for attenuation, antigenicity, and transmissibility in 28 adult volunteers all of whom possessed a preinoculation serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (hai) antibody titer of less than or equal to 1:8 and 18 of whom also possessed a serum neuraminidase-inhibiting (ni) antibody titer of less than or equal to 1:4. the alask ... | 1980 | 7425857 |
| [influenza. sero-epidemiological supervision of the alitalia airline personnel (1978-1979)]. | from the autumn 1978 to the spring 1979 an epidemiological inquiry was set up concerning samplings of sera of 1648 adult of different ages and of both sexes. it was noticed a contemporaneous presence of a/texas/1/77(h3n2) and a/ussr/90/77(h1n1) viruses; it was found a larger frequency of the last subtype in the individuals born after 1957. during the winter 1978/1979 it was also noticed an overlap of b influenza virus. | 1980 | 7465100 |
| influenza vaccination of elderly persons. reduction in pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations and deaths. | effectiveness of influenza vaccination in reducing pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations and deaths among elderly members of a prepaid health plan was analyzed retrospectively. two epidemics caused by the h3n2 subtype of type a influenza were studied. vaccine derived from the h2n2 subtype of influenza a virus failed to protect against the hong kong (h3n2) virus during the 1968-1969 epidemic. vaccine derived from the a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus yielded an estimated 72% (31% to 100%) reduction ... | 1980 | 7431593 |
| [comparative study of the proteins of influenza virus type a nucleoproteins]. | a comparative study of protein of nucleoproteins (np-protein) of influenza a viruses by peptide mapping shows its variability to be small within one drifting series and quite marked in strains belonging to different sero-types. in oligopeptide maps of np-proteins of viruses of the hong kong (h3n2) series there is a typical group of spots differing them from oligopeptide maps of np-proteins of viruses of other serotypes, particularly of the preceeding serotype h2n2 and the viruses related by hema ... | 1980 | 7434735 |
| differing virulence of h1n1 and h3n2 influenza strains. | sequential influenza a/texas/77 (h3n2) and a/ussr/77 (h1n1) epidemics occurred during the winter of 1977-1978 in two populations under viral surveillance for influenza. in college students who reported to the vanderbilt student health service, roughly equivalent amounts of typical influenzal disease were documented by virus isolation and total health service visits with both strains. however, considering that the college population was fully susceptible to the first introduction of h1n1 virus in ... | 1980 | 7457472 |
| relationship between surface antigens of two variants of influenza a (h3n2) virus, as revealed by hemagglutination inhibition, kinetic neutralization, and neuraminidase inhibition. | rabbit antisera were raised against plaque-purified influenza virus strains of a/victoria/75 and a/texas/77 isolated from seattle influenza patients. the antigenic specificity of hemagglutinins was compared by hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and kinetic neutralization tests. anti-a/victoria/75 had equally high hi titers and neutralization rate constants (kappa values) for a/victoria/75 and a/texas/77. in contrast, anti-a/texas/77 had a high hi titer and kappa value to a/texas/77 and a low hi ti ... | 1980 | 7439992 |
| [comparative study of the polypeptide composition of influenza a viruses sensitive and resistant to remantadine]. | the polypeptide composition of influenza a fpv (hav1n1) and a/texas/1/77 (h3n2) viruses which had acquired resistance to remantadine after serial passages in cell cultures in the presence of the drug was studied. it was found that in parallel with the acquired resistance to remantadine the molecular weight of the heavy chain of hemagglutinin changed only in the course of cell culture passages. the influenza a/texas/1/77 virus passaged in chick embryos in the presence of remantadine exhibited no ... | 1981 | 7336680 |
| [results of a study of collective immunity to influenza a virus (h1n1) from 1976 to 1980]. | the time course of the levels of circulating antihemagglutinins to influenza a (h1n1) virus in the populations of the towns in different geographical zones of the ussr was shown to be similar. the intensity of herd immunity in some areas differed considerably, however. the population of older age groups most of whom had no clinically manifest diseases during the influenza a (h1n1) epidemic was shown to experience immunological changes upon exposure to this agent. the intensity and the rate of ch ... | 1981 | 7336683 |
| a study of excess mortality during influenza epidemics in the united states, 1968-1976. | the effect of epidemics of influenza a on mortality in the united states was assessed by studying the monthly numbers of deaths during the years 1968-1976. deaths from all causes at all ages and among persons aged 65 and over, and also deaths from acute respiratory diseases, and from cardiovascular causes were studied. deaths from acute respiratory diseases were closely correlated with those from influenza and were taken to be an indication of the severity of influenza outbreaks. this indicator ... | 1981 | 7457477 |
| strain specificity of serum antibody to the haemagglutinin of influenza a (h3n2) viruses in children following immunization or natural infection. | the specificity of serum anti-ha antibody from children immunized or infected with a/victoria/75 (h3n2 or a/texas/77 (h3n2) virus was examined using the single radial haemolysis test together with adsorption of antibody with three antigenic variants a/hong kong/68 (h3n2), a/port chalmers/73 (h3n2) and a/victoria/75 (h3n2). the majority of young children reacted to vaccination or infection by producing strain-specific (ss) antibody to the homologous virus. a small proportion of children's sera co ... | 1981 | 7462596 |
| growth of avian and human influenza viruses in organ cultures of duck and chicken colons. | colons from ducks and chicken 1, 7, 14 and 28 days old maintained near-normal morphology up to 48 and 96 hours respectively in a system using nctc135 medium (a part) + dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (9 parts ), at 37 degrees c and 95 per cent o2/5 per cent co2. in the colon of 1 and 28 day-old ducks, duck influenza virus (hav7n2) and budgerigar influenza virus (hav4nav1) grew to peak titer by hour 72, whereas human influenza virus (h3n2) did not grow. in the colon of 1 day-old chicken, the t ... | 1981 | 7332490 |
| comparative immunogenicity of live influenza viruses and their solubilized neuraminidases: results of mouse protection experiments. | antigenicity and immunogenicity of three influenza virus strains a/pr/8/34 (h1n1). a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) and a/port chalmers/1/73 (h-3h2) were assayed comparatively with their corresponding neuraminidase isolated by proteolysis, and with the recombinant virus x-42 (heq1 n2). it was concluded that intranasal immunization of mice with live virus induced heterologous immunity. except in homologous neuraminidase-vaccinated mice, the subunit always was shown less effective and demonstrated a signif ... | 1981 | 7332493 |
| [grouping of the ns1 nonstructural proteins of influenza a viruses]. | peptide mapping was used for comparative analysis of nonstructural proteins (ns1) of 21 strains of human and animal influenza a viruses. at least 4 groups of ns1 proteins could be distinguished by the analysis of the peptide maps; we designated these groups as 0, 1, 2, and 3. group o includes ns1 proteins of human influenza virus serotype hon1, group 1 - ns1 proteins of viruses of serotypes h1n1 and h2n2, group 2 - ns1 proteins of viruses of serotype h3n2. ns1 proteins of avian influenza viruses ... | 1981 | 7336689 |
| [cross protection in mice immunized with different anti-influenza preparations]. | observations in white mice demonstrated the development of resistance to influenza type a virus (h3n2 and h0n1) after vaccination against influenza a (h1n1). the most marked cross protection between these serotypes developed after combined use of inactivated and live moderately attenuated vaccines. the resistance to the homologous influenza a (h1n1) virus after vaccination with different influenza vaccines used by various schedules was approximately similar. the role of common antigens and cellu ... | 1981 | 7336695 |
| frequency of naturally occurring antibody to influenza virus antigenic variants selected in vitro with monoclonal antibody. | antigenic variants of a/texas/77 (h3n2) virus were selected in vitro using monoclonal antibody to virus haemagglutinin (ha). the antigenic variants and parental a/texas/77 viruses were used to to evaluate the frequency of anti-ha antibodies in the sera of children and adults using single-radial-haemolysis (srh) tests. twenty to 41% of selected sera from adults, which contained antibody to the parental a/texas/77 virus, failed to react with the different antigenic mutant viruses. a higher proport ... | 1981 | 7288173 |
| differential distribution of virus and histological damage in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. | the distribution of four strains of influenza virus [a/pr/8/34 (h0n1) and clone 64d (attenuated for ferrets) and clones 64c and 7a (virulent for ferrets) of the recombinant virus a/pr/8/34--a/england/939/69 (h3n2)] in the lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi and the hilar, intermediate and outer alveolar zones of the lung) of ferrets was monitored daily for 4 days after intranasal inoculation. on day 1, some animals had high virus titres in all the tissues but in other animals virus was und ... | 1981 | 7288401 |
| in vitro production of anti-influenza virus antibody after intranasal inoculation with cold-adapted influenza virus. | we have studied the production of anti-influenza virus antibody in vitro by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) obtained from 7 normal volunteers at various times after intranasal inoculation with cold-adapted a/alaska/6/77 [h3n2] influenza virus. antibody released into culture supernatants was assayed by a 2-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). cells obtained 6 days after intranasal inoculation spontaneously released both igg and iga anti-influenza antibody; this antibody produ ... | 1981 | 7299119 |
| study of recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type a strains. | simultaneous inoculation of chick embryos with a standard laboratory influenza virus--a/pr8/34 (h0n1)--and with an autochthonous epidemic strain--belonging to the antigenic subtype a(h1n1) of a(h3n2), respectively--resulted in the isolation of two genetic recombinants, designated r1ivn (h1n1) and r2ivn (h3n2). each recombinant was antigenically identical to its wild-type parent and exhibited a hemagglutinating titer in chick embryos about 4-fold greater than that of the autochthonous parental st ... | 1981 | 7303494 |
| intratypic electrophoretic variation of structural and non-structural polypeptides of human influenza a viruses. | intratypic electrophoretic mobility differences in high resolution sds-polyacrylamide gels were detected between corresponding matrix (m) proteins, nucleoproteins (np), haemagglutinin (ha) and the non-structural polypeptides ns1 and ns2 induced in vero cells by human influenza a viruses of the antigenic subtypes h1n1 and h3n2. such phenotypic differences were distinguishable in both h1n1 and h3n2 viruses isolated in single school and city outbreaks. additional intratypic variation was detected i ... | 1981 | 7310381 |
| isolation and serological characterization of influenza a virus from a pig in thailand. | a hemagglutinating agent was isolated from a pig in thailand in 1978 during the early febrile stage of an influenza-like illness and identified as influenza a virus. the isolate contained hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens that were antigenically indistinguishable from those of a/tokyo/6/73 (h3n2), a port chalmers-like strain isolated in japan. serological tests also indicated that prevalence of h3n2 virus in the swine population in thailand. | 1981 | 7311111 |
| [epidemiological characteristics of influenza caused by the a(h3n2) virus in moldavia between 1969 and 1980]. | 1981 | 7330563 | |
| sequence of dna complementary to a small rna segment of influenza virus a/nt/60/68. | a small rna segment from the influenza virus strain a/nt/60/68 (h3n2) was converted to cdna and then to double-stranded dna using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers. the double-stranded form was cloned into the bacteriophage m1 3mp7. clones yielding single-strand recombinant templates in opposite orientation were sequenced by the sanger dideoxynucleotide chain termination technique. the small viral rna was 422 nucleotides long and the evidence indicated that it was formed by internal deletio ... | 1981 | 7243594 |
| investigations on the risk of virus infection in dental surgery. preliminary data. | four virus strains -- influenza a/texas 1/77 (h3n2) an a/ussr 90/77 (h1n1), adenovirus and parainfluenza type 2 -- were isolated from different specimens collected in dental surgery rooms. high levels of antibodies to respiratory viruses (influenza, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3), adeno-, cytomegalic and herpes viruses, as well as the presence of hbsag and anti-hbs could be detected in sera from patients hospitalized for dento-maxillofacial surgery. an epidemiological survey among dentists and dental ... | 1981 | 7245605 |
| conservation of the influenza virus membrane protein (m1) amino acid sequence and an open reading frame of rna segment 7 encoding a second protein (m2) in h1n1 and h3n2 strains. | 1981 | 7257189 | |
| [grouping of influenza a virus np proteins]. | a comparative study of influenza a virus np proteins was carried out using peptide mapping. thirty-five strains of all main serotypes of human and animal viruses were tested. the greatest diversity was found in np proteins of human influenza viruses belonging to different serotypes, while within serotypes the variability is less pronounced. four main groups of np proteins were distinguished and designated np0, np1, np2, and np3. the np0 group includes proteins of viruses of hon1 serotype, np pro ... | 1981 | 7257320 |
| inactivated chromatographic influenza vaccine. | the characteristics of laboratory parameters of inactivated whole influenza virus vaccine, obtained by the purification of allantoic virus cultures on macroporous glass, are presented. the vaccine is characterized by small reactogenicity and safety, which allows it to be used in both adolescents and adults. seroconversions to hemagglutinin have been found in 80--95% of individuals vaccinated once during the test vaccination by the preparation containing various strains of influenza a/h3n2/virus. ... | 1981 | 7266085 |
| [comparative characteristics of influenza type a infection in adults and children during epidemics and interepidemic periods]. | parallel serological examinations by cft and hi test of paired sera from 18,557 patients and normal subjects in the period of influenza a/hong kong (h3n2) subtype virus in 1969-1976 revealed similar sensitivity of both methods for influenza diagnosis during epidemics, however in the interepidemic periods in these years the cft was found to be more sensitive than hi. this observation referred to all age groups of the examined subjects with manifest or asymptomatic forms of influenza infection. in ... | 1981 | 7269525 |
| principles of selective inactivation of viral genome. i. uv-induced inactivation of influenza virus. | photosensitivity of infectious, haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities of influenza virus has been determined experimentally. the photosensitivity of infectious activity of type b (strain hongkong/8/73) influenza virus ws found to be higher than that of type a strains nib-4 (n3n2-3), leningrad/399/76 (h3n2-3) and nib-6 (h1n1). the data obtained may be used for the determination of conditions of uv-irradiation for preparation of uv-inactivated antiviral vaccines. | 1981 | 7271457 |
| evaluation of a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) cold-adapted recombinant viruses derived from a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted donor virus in adult seronegative volunteers. | the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted (ca) virus was evaluated as a donor of attenuating genes to new variants of influenza a virus. this ca donor virus was mated with the a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) wild-type virus, and three a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) ca recombinant viruses were produced. the parental origin of the genes in the three ca recombinants had been determined previously (2), and their virulence for adult seronegative volunteers was assessed in the present study to identify the genes ... | 1981 | 7251144 |
| [role of mutations and recombinations in the epidemiology of influenza]. | influenza virus demonstrates several levels of antigenic variations, drifts and shifts, which help it to escape to herd immunity pressures. recent examples show the importance of such variations in the succession and continuity of epidemiological manifestations. during the last few years, simultaneous circulation of several subtypes of influenza a was observed while in the past, one subtype was replacing the other. thus in 1981, for the only subtype h3n2, a/texas, a/bangkok and a/intermediate te ... | 1981 | 7316613 |
| serologic responses to nonprevalent influenza a viruses during intercyclic periods. | sera collected at different times in the course of the tecumseh study of respiratory illness have been tested for the presence of antibodies to a variety of nonprevalent human and animal type a influenza viruses. in sera collected during the 1966-1968 period of h2n2 prevalence, rises in antibody titer were detected against the h3 antigen. the frequency of these rises in titer increased gradually and significantly as the time of emergence of the h3n2 virus approached. occasional rises in hsw1 ant ... | 1981 | 7193408 |
| infection with influenza a/victoria virus in houston families, 1976. | in 1976, an epidemic caused by infections with an influenza virus antigenically similar to a/victoria/75 (h3n2) occurred in houston, texas. during this outbreak, 37 families (155 members) enrolled in the houston family study were under observation. the families lived throughout the metropolitan area (houston, texas), and were representative of low income groups. the overall frequency of infection in family members was 27.7%. the frequency of infection was the highest for infants under one year o ... | 1981 | 7016989 |
| the ecology of influenza viruses: a who memorandum. | influenza a viruses continue to be isolated from man, pigs, horses, and a wide range of avian species, especially ducks. the recent isolation of an influenza a virus from seals has added an additional mammal to the list of natural hosts for these viruses. in contrast, influenza b viruses have been isolated only from man.the haemagglutinin of a virus isolated from gulls in the united states of america could not be identified with reference antisera and may constitute a new haemagglutinin subtype. ... | 1981 | 6978194 |
| reversed single-radial-immunodiffusion test: the method for the assay of the antibody to influenza a nucleoprotein. | the reversed single-radial-immunodiffusion (r-srd) test using the avian-origin influenza a virus, a/chicken/germany "n'/49 (hav2neql) disrupted with 1.0% sarkosyl, was established as the quantitative method for the assay of a type-specific antibody, particularly of an anti-nucleoprotein antibody, in human sera. under the test conditions, human sera produced a definite opalescent zone around the well and the annulus area was found to have a high correlation to the antibody level of type a influen ... | 1981 | 6797098 |
| the human cytotoxic t cell response to influenza a vaccination. | the human cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response to challenge with influenza a vaccine was studied. six of eight volunteers given killed whole influenza virus a/ussr (h1n1) vaccine showed substantial increases on the level of ctl memory 1 month after immunization. the ctl measured at this time showed complete cross-reactivity in their specificity for influenza a/ussr (h1n1) and a/x31 (h3n2) infected cells and also showed hla restriction. the level of ctl memory increased in only three out of nine ... | 1981 | 6974066 |
| cord blood lymphocyte in vitro responses to influenza a antigens after an epidemic of influenza a/port chalmers/73 (h3n2). | samples of cord blood from 46 deliveries were collected between 2 and 8 mo after an epidemic of influenza caused by a/port chalmers/73 (h3h2) virus. of 10 samples with hai antibody titers against a/port chalmers of 1:16 or greater, one had 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive igm class antibodies against the virus. lymphocyte proliferative responses with the use of a/port chalmers antigens were increased in six of 46 samples. these results provide immunologic evidence that certain neonates have igm antib ... | 1981 | 6974500 |
| specific anti-influenza virus antibody production in vitro by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated in vitro with influenza virus were found to produce anti-influenza virus antibody. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure cumulative antibody secretion into culture supernatants. optimal antibody production was obtained with 2 x 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in flat-bottomed wells for 12 days in 2 ml of rpmi 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, antibiotics, and 4 mm l-glutamine. a ... | 1981 | 6975330 |
| the antigenicity of whole virus versus subunit trivalent influenza vaccines -- a field trial in the israel defence forces, 1978. | a single dose of a commercial trivalent influenza subunit vaccine (sv) and two whole virus vaccines (wvv) were compared in a randomized, placebo-controlled field trial of subjects under 23 years of age in the israel defence forces. sixty percent of sv recipients and 29% and 37% of wvv recipients showed no measurable response to the h1n1 subtype (a/ussr). when the prevaccination titer to h1n1 was less than 10, sv did not differ significantly from the placebo, and when greater than or equal to 10, ... | 1981 | 7029236 |
| antigenicity in hamsters of inactivated vaccines prepared from recombinant influenza viruses. | inactivated vaccines prepared form influenza virus strains obtained by the recombination of a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) or a/fm/1/47 (h1n1) viruses with a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus, were tested for their antigenicity in hamsters. the parental origin of the genes of each cloned recombinant virus was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and vaccines prepared from each strain by concentration, purification on sucrose density gradients and inactivation with formalin. all the recombinant strains u ... | 1981 | 7031128 |
| a clearance test in mice using non-adapted viruses to determine the immunogenicity of influenza strains. | a test for the immunogenicity of influenza viruses is described, which is based upon the intranasal vaccinating dose required to induce inhibition of multiplication of unadapted influenza viruses in the lungs of mice. this test is more sensitive than an antigen extinction procedure, in which immunogenicity is measured according to the dose required to induce the formation of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody. the clearance test has been used to demonstrate that a) influenza a/northern territo ... | 1981 | 7036956 |
| the role of carbohydrate in determining the immunochemical properties of the hemagglutinin of influenza a virus. | most of the carbohydrate was removed from influenza virus mrc ii (h3n2) and its purified hemagglutinin (ha) on treatment with glycosidases, including alpha-mannosidase, beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-fucosidase. the release of 50 per cent of the carbohydrate from intact virus particles significantly affected hemagglutinating activity. the ability of untreated and glycosidase-treated virus to inhibit the binding of antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin was almo ... | 1981 | 6784704 |
| virus infection of endothelial cells. | endothelial injury is important in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, atherosclerosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and vasculitis. the ability of several common human viruses to infect cultures of endothelial cells obtained from human umbilical veins or bovine thoracic aorta was demonstrated. indicators of infection included cytopathology, viral growth curves, and antigen detection by immunofluorescence. herpes simplex virus type 1, adenovirus type 7, measles virus, and parainfluenza vi ... | 1981 | 6260874 |
| serological studies on swine influenza in egypt. | 480 pig serum samples collected from november 1979-october 1980 and 200 human sera collected in the same period, nearly have been used in serological investigations. 52.5% sera were positive against swine influenza (hsw1n1) 10% only of human sera were positive against (hsw1n1) virus. by using (h3n2) human virus, 10.4% of pig sera were positive, while 41% of human sera were positive against this virus. | 1981 | 6282772 |
| [comparative indices of the formation and protective activity of antibodies during honk kong influenza a epidemics]. | in the period of circulation of influenza a/hong kong (h3n2) virus and its antigenic varieties in 1969-1976, more than 45,000 serum specimens from patients, donors, and subjects of various ages from permanently observed contingents were examined serologically by hi and cft. the long persistence in the human population of heterologous immunity to viruses of new or old subtypes was shown to be due to its constant stimulation in the period of any subsequent influenza a epidemic. under conditions of ... | 1981 | 6455011 |
| [influenza epizootic in swine due to strain a (victoria/3/75 h3n2)]. | studies were carried out on the first grippe epizootic in pigs in bulgaria. the affected animals showed a rise in temperature (40.5 to 41.8 degrees c), loss of appetite, abdominal type of respiration, and noisy and painful cough. the infection ran its course with a picture typical of a virus disease which did not respond to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. on an average the duration of the clinical course lasted 4 to 5 days, affecting almost all swine on a pig breeding farm, with single deat ... | 1981 | 6274080 |
| investigations concerning the cultivation of myxo- and paramyxoviruses on chorioallantoic membrane fragments. note i. data on the multiplication of several myxo- and paramyxoviruses. | influenza viruses a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) and parainfluenza viruses (sendai mumps) were cultivated in chorioallantoic membrane (cam) fragments maintained in media with different formulae, with or without daily medium changes, in roller or stationary tubes. inoculation was performed either directly on cam fragments in petri dishes or by dilution of the virus-containing material in the medium. infectant titers obtained in cam fragments were similar to those recorded in embryonated eggs at 48 hours pos ... | 1981 | 6264662 |
| functional expression in primate cells of cloned dna coding for the hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein of influenza virus. | we have used simian virus 40 (sv40) dna as a vector for expression of functional activity of a cloned influenza viral dna segment in primate cells. cloned full-length dna sequences coding for the hemagglutinin of influenza a virus (udorn/72/[h3n2]) were inserted into the late region of a viable deletion mutant of sv40, and the hybrid dna was propagated in the presence of an early sv40 mutant (tsa28) helper. infection of primate cells with the hybrid virus produced a polypeptide similar in molecu ... | 1981 | 6272305 |
| lack of interference of guanosine with ribavirin aerosol treatment of influenza a infection in mice. | guanosine or guanosine 5'-monophosphate did not reduce the protective effect of ribavirin aerosol in influenza virus a/aichi/68 h3n2 infection of mice. both compounds partially interfered with the action of a wide range of ribavirin concentrations against influenza virus a/wsn replication in cell culture. | 1981 | 6282193 |
| in vitro antibody response to influenza virus. ii. specificity of helper t cell recognizing hemagglutinin. | intraperitoneal immunization of mice with liver influenza virus was shown to induce helper t (th) cells with specificity for the hemagglutinin (ha). the interaction of virus-primed th cells with purified ha was studied independently of b cell reactivity to the same antigen by using the generation of nonspecific help as an index of activation of ha-specific th cells. th cells from mice primed with any of the h3 viruses a/aichi/68 x a/bel/42 (h3n1), a/memphis/102/72 x a/bel/42 (h3n1) or a/port cha ... | 1981 | 6166681 |
| [new antigenic determinant in the makeup of influenza type a(h3n2) virus hemagglutinins]. | influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated during 1979 influenza epidemic are characterized by the presence in their hemagglutinins of both antigens similar to those found in previous isolates of the same type and a qualitatively new antigenic determinant also found in the hemagglutinin of h/south australia/1/77 virus. | 1981 | 6168113 |
| [ability of influenza virus strains to induce interferon and their sensitivity to the action of exogenous interferon]. | investigation of 112 influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) virus strains isolated in different years demonstrated their different interferon-inducing activity. the detection of strain differences in the process of interferon production is very important for the study of influenza infection pathogenicity. of special importance are the studies of influenza virus strain sensitivity to the effect of exogenous interferon. overcoming of resistance to interferon is important for effective influenza control. the ... | 1981 | 6168114 |
| mechanism of antigenic drift in influenza virus. amino acid sequence changes in an antigenically active region of hong kong (h3n2) influenza virus hemagglutinin. | 1981 | 6167724 | |
| genome analysis of influenza a virus strains isolated during an epidemic of 1979-1980. | the genome and polypeptides of influenza a virus h3n2 strains isolated during the epidemic of 1979-1980 in the u.s.s.r. and g.d.r. have been analysed. five varieties of h3n2 strains differing in a number of genes have been found. the isolates of the first group was similar to the a/texas/1/77 strain in all the genes; the isolates of the second group were similar to the a/bangkok/1/79 strain in all the genes; the strain representative of the third variety, contained all the genes except gene 4 cl ... | 1981 | 6171610 |
| antigenic and genetic analysis of a/hong kong (h3n2) influenza viruses isolated from swine and man. | two h3n2 strains of influenza a virus isolated from pigs in japan and thailand were characterized antigenically and genetically. a/swine/wadayama/5/69 (isolated in japan in 1969) was antigenically similar to a human strain, a/aichi/2/68, while a/swine/bangkok/9/78 (a swine isolate in thailand) was closely related to a/bangkok/36/78, a contemporary human isolate. gel electrophoresis and oligonucleotide mapping of the virus rna revealed genetic similarity between a/swine/wadayama/5/69 and a/aichi/ ... | 1981 | 6171614 |
| antigenic and genomic analyses of influenza a(h1n1) viruses from different regions of the world, february 1978 to march 1980. | antigenic analysis of influenza a(h1n1) virus isolates by hemagglutination inhibition reactions with postinfection ferret sera and mouse monoclonal antibodies showed that, although the predominant virus in 1978 to 1979 had an a/brazil/11/78-like hemagglutinin, several new antigenic variants could be detected which differed from those identified in 1977 to 1978. most of the variants showed very minor changes and did not achieve epidemiological significance. genome analysis by ribonucleic acid-rib ... | 1981 | 6163725 |
| interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes: differences between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses. | the ability of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to induce interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes was compared with that of influenza viruses. cell culture fluids were assayed for interferon activity 1, 3 and 7 days after exposure to rsv or to one of two subtypes of influenza a virus (h0n1 and h3n2). rsv induced interferon production inconsistently and in low titers. varying the multiplicity of infection did not improve the ability of rsv to induce interferon production. in contra ... | 1981 | 6163726 |
| [antiviral action of swine leukocyte interferon in mouse experiments]. | swine leukocytes had previously been found to produce interferon which has an antiviral effect not only in swine cells but also in human cells. preliminary experiments in tissue cultures showed the culture of primarily trypsinized mouse embryo fibroblasts to be as sensitive to swine interferon as human diploid cells. the experiment studying the antiviral effect of swine leukocyte interferon in the animals demonstrated it to protect mice against the pathogenic a/aishi/68 (h3n2) strain; with a red ... | 1981 | 6171098 |
| ultrastructural localization by immunoperoxidase techniques of influenza virus antigens in abortive infection of l cells. | an abortive infection was induced in l cells by influenza virus a/hong kong/68 (h3n2). with the use of antibody and peroxidase-labelled protein a, the localization of virus protein synthesis but not the maturation of virus particles was demonstrated at the ultrastructural level. five days after inoculation (p.i.), the synthesis of viral haemagglutinin was localized in the region of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; at late intervals p.i., haemagglutinin accumulated in the plasma membranes, where ... | 1981 | 6120640 |
| comparative study on the inhibitory effect of rimantadine on the reproduction of epidemic strains of influenza a virus h3n2 and h1n1. | the sensitivity to rimantadine of the reproduction of influenza virus a/texas/1/77 (h3n2) and a (h1n1) isolates nos 897, 778 and 782, isolated from patients during an epidemic influenza outbreak in moscow in the winter of 1977/1978 was compared. a (h3n2) virus proved to be more sensitive than the a (h1n1) viruses tested, as manifested by decreases of the infectious titre in ovo and of the haemagglutinin titre in mdck cells. | 1981 | 6118052 |
| the relation of interferon and nonspecific inhibitors to virus levels in nasal washes of ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. | two clones (7a, virulent; 64d, attenuated) of a recombinant influenza virus (a/pr/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2)) were inactivated at the same rate by viral inhibitors present in nasal washes taken from both clone 7a- and clone 64d-infected ferrets. both clones induced similar levels of interferon in the nasal washes of infected animals. the onset and rise of interferon production occurred at the same time for both clones, and was associated with a decline in virus titres. in addition, both clones ... | 1981 | 6164382 |
| serological evidence of natural recombinant influenza virus (hsw1n2) infection among pigs in japan. | a new recombinant influenza a virus (hsw1n2) infection among hogs in miyagi prefecture, japan, was confirmed by serological examinations. nineteen out of twenty sera collected in one farm in january 1979 showed high haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres to hsw1 antigen (a/new jersey/8/76) and also significant neuraminidase inhibition antibody titres to n2 antigen of the hong kong 1973 variant (a/port chalmers/1/73) but not to n1 antigen. the results indicate the occurrence of genetic reas ... | 1981 | 6116417 |
| protease susceptibility of human a influenza virus polypeptides. | the proteolytic susceptibility of polypeptides of four antigenically distinct subtypes of influenza a virus strains of human origin was studied. the extent of degradation of polypeptide molecules of strains a/pr/8/34 (h0n1) (pr), a/fm/1/47 (h1n1), a/singapore/1/57 (h2n2) and a/hong kong/8/68 (h3n2), assessed by densitometry of gels after sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was variable by treatment with trypsin. also, sequential treatment of pr strain initially with phosphol ... | 1981 | 6115561 |
| ribavirin small-particle aerosol treatment of influenza. | in an outbreak of influenza virus a/england/333/80(h1n1) infections in college students, 14 randomly selected patients were treated by inhalation of ribavirin small-particle aerosol through a face mask. they retained an average estimated 1.15 g of drug in 23 h of treatment given over 3 days. 17 patients served as controls. ribavirin aerosol treatment had a therapeutic effect judged by the highly significant reduction in height and duration of fever, reduction in systemic illness, and disappearan ... | 1981 | 6117726 |
| e-rosette forming cells and humoral antibody titres in humans after vaccination with three different inactivated influenza virus vaccines a/ussr/92/77 (h1n1). | the number of e-rosette forming cells and the serum haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody titres were examined in 37 volunteers immediately before and 14, 28, 35 and 63 days after immunization with three inactivated influenza virus vaccines a/ussr/92/77 (h1n1)--nib 6 and in 11 non-vaccinated controls. from the former, 10 volunteers were immunized with 1000 haemagglutinin (ha) iu per dose, 11 volunteers with the nib 6 adsorbate vaccine (340 ha iu/dose) and 16 volunteers with a bivalent vacci ... | 1982 | 6132540 |
| effects of streptovirudin on influenza viruses type a and b: inhibition of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide synthesis of fowl plague virus. | antibiotics of the streptovirudin complex (sv) inhibited the growth of influenza a and b viruses such as influenza a/fowl plague virus (fpv), strain weybridge (hav1 neq1), influenza a/england 42/72 (h3n2), influenza a/port chalmers 1/73 (h3n2), influenza b/leningrad 235/74, influenza b/tokyo 7/66, and influenza b/jamagata in chick embryo cell (cec) cultures, in permanent canine kidney cells (mdck), and in suspended fragments of chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes (cam). as revealed by spectro ... | 1982 | 6132539 |
| role of the heterogeneity of a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) influenza virus populations in establishment of persistent infection of l cells. | three subpopulations of a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) influenza virus differing from one another in biological properties obtained by elution from deae-sephadex with phosphate buffer containing increasing concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mol/l) of nacl, were used to induce persistent infection of l929 mouse fibroblast cells. in the course of 25 passages, cell destruction occurred only at low passage levels, especially in the la-68/0.5 and la-68/all. sublines. the proliferating activities of la-68/0.1 an ... | 1982 | 6127011 |
| [antigenic characteristics of different variants of influenza virus a(h3/n2) and their circulation in the ussr and people's republic of bulgaria in 1968-1980]. | influenza a (h3n2) virus strains isolated in 1968-1980 in the ussr (1908 strains), prb (1413 strains) and in other countries were studied comparatively. among 15 drift variants described in the literature only 6 were found to have sequential epidemic spread. in all the instances the epidemics occurred after importation of the virus from abroad, the interval between the emergence of a new drift variant and its detection in the study areas ranged from 2 1/2 months to 1 1/2 years and was not synchr ... | 1982 | 6186088 |
| reassortant virus derived from avian and human influenza a viruses is attenuated and immunogenic in monkeys. | an influenza a reassortant virus that contained the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of a virulent human virus, a/udorn/72 (h3n2), and the six other influenza a virus genome segments from an avirulent avian virus, a/mallard/new york/6750/78 (h2n2), was evaluated for its level of replication is squirrel monkeys and hamsters. in monkeys, the reassortant virus was as attenuated and as restricted in its level of replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract as its avian influenza virus p ... | 1982 | 6183749 |
| analysis of the genome structure of influenza a virus strains isolated during the epidemics of 1977-1980. | the genome structure of different a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) influenza virus strains isolated from 1977 to 1980 was analysed by electrophoresis of single-stranded rna and of the double-stranded rna obtained by hybridization with complementary rna of the a/stavropol 188/79 (h3n2) strain. the differences in genome structure are insignificant within the a(h1n1) subtype, and considerable (involving almost all the 8 rna fragments) between the two a(h3n2) strains (a/texas 1/77 and a/stavropol 188/79). the gr ... | 1982 | 6183817 |
| human influenza a viruses in pigs: isolation of a h3n2 strain antigenically related to a/england/42/72 and evidence for continuous circulation of human viruses in the pig population. | an influenza virus strain isolated in northern italy in 1977 was identified as belonging to the h3n2 subtype (a/swine/italy/1850/77). a close antigenic relationship to the human strain a/england/42/72 was demonstrated. serologic surveys of 548 pig sera from 53 farms in two provinces in northern italy demonstrated the existence of antibodies to the swine/italy/1850/77 strain and to a/hong kong/1/68, a/victoria/3/75 and h 1 n 1 (hsw 1 n 1) strains in the pig population. | 1982 | 6184032 |
| [characteristics of the antigenic composition of influenza a (h3n2) virus hemagglutinins isolated 1979-1080]. | the results of comparative immunological analysis of epidemic influenza virus strains of 1979-1980 indicate an emergence in the antigenic composition of virus hemagglutinins of two qualitatively new antigenic determinants differing from those of previously investigated influenza h0n1, h1n1, h2n2, h3n2 viruses. it is suggested that the viruses of recent years having completely lost the relationship with the ancestor of the h3n2 subtype and having very little similarity with viruses occuring in 19 ... | 1982 | 6176071 |
| anti-influenza response achieved by immunization with a synthetic conjugate. | the peptide corresponding to sequence 91--108 of the hemagglutinin of type a h3n2 influenza virus has been synthesized by the solid-phase peptide synthesis method and covalently attached to several macromolecular carriers. the conjugate with tetanus toxoid was used for immunization of rabbits and mice. the immunoglobulin fraction of the rabbit antiserum showed the presence and antipeptide antibodies by both agar gel diffusion and radioimmunoassay. in the latter assay, the antibodies showed marke ... | 1982 | 6176996 |
| influenza in the united kingdom 1977-1981. | the laboratory surveillance of influenza in the uk has continued to demonstrate the regularity of influenza outbreaks each winter even in the absence of increase in the other indices which reflect the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza. the period of five years from 1976 to 1981 has seen the appearance of a second sub-type of influenza. a with the return of the historic h1n1 virus; and the continued circulation of h3n2 concurrently with h1n1 virus. variants of both these influenza ... | 1982 | 6177743 |
| killer t cell responses to influenza a during a drift period: studies in mice. | after intravenous immunization of mice with any influenza a h3n2 drift strain attempts to restimulation of cytotoxic t cell (ctl) activities with the same virus or other drift period variants were unsuccessful for up to 6 weeks. cross-stimulation 4-5 months after primary sensitization yielded, in most situations, positive but lower--as compared to primary--secondary cytotoxic t cell responses. homotypic challenge was also effective after priming with some influenza a subtypes (a/e/72, a/pc/73, a ... | 1982 | 6178951 |
| the follow-up study of swine and hong kong influenza virus infection among japanese hogs. | pigs in miyagi prefecture, japan were examined for swine (hssw1n1) and hong kong (h3n2) influenza virus infection by serological tests. the results obtained revealed that a swine influenza was prevalent with relatively high positive ratios throughout that time, and that the hong kong influenza virus closely related to a recent human epidemic strain, a/yamanashi/2/77, also persisted, corresponding to a human endemic. these epidemiological findings strongly suggested the possibility of direct tran ... | 1982 | 6285546 |
| mapping of antigenic changes in the haemagglutinin of hong kong influenza (h3n2) strains using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of 125 monoclonal antibodies (igg) was raised against the haemagglutinin of an early representative of the hong kong (h3n2) subtype of influenza. they were classified into groups based on their cross-reactions with 16 other virus strains from the same subtype. this classification was performed using methods of numerical taxonomy. statistical tests supported the validity of the grouping. ten such groups were identified. nine antibodies remained unclassified. the locations on the haemagglu ... | 1982 | 6182265 |
| the possible origin h1n1 (hsw1n1) virus in the swine population of japan and antigenic analysis of the isolates. | virus isolation and serological studies on swine sera collected during 1973 to 1978 showed that h1n1 (hsw1n1) influenza viruses first appeared in the swine population of japan about may 1977. with the exception of one strain, both haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of all the h1n1 viruses isolated from swine in japan and from pigs imported from north america were antigenically indistinguishable from those of a/nj/8/76 virus, suggesting the introduction of swine influenza virus into japan ... | 1982 | 6182266 |
| isolation of influenza a viruses from birds in great britain during 1980 and 1981. | during 1980 and 1981 influenza a viruses of subtypes h3n2, h3n8, h4n1, h4n6, h6n2, h6n8, h7n7, h11n8 and h11n9 were isolated from birds in great britain, usually as a result of investigations of disease or death. however, all viruses were shown to be of low virulence for chickens in pathogenicity index tests. there was one occurrence of influenza virus infection of turkeys (h6n8) but viruses were frequently obtained from domestic ducks. other viruses were isolated from exotic birds in zoos or bi ... | 1982 | 6815876 |
| [antibody formation and preservation against the envelope antigens of influenza virus subtype a(h3n2) after infection and vaccination]. | 1982 | 6764986 | |
| update: influenza virus a(h3n2) isolations - united states. | 1982 | 6819441 | |
| evaluation of live and inactivated influenza a virus vaccines in a mouse model. | induction of cross-protective immunity against serologically distinct subtypes of influenza a virus in mice was examined in an attempt to correlate cross-protection with heterotypic lymphocyte responses. live and inactivated virus vaccines protected against the homologous subtype, but only whole virus protected against heterologous subtypes. live virus vaccines provided better cross-protection than inactivated virus vaccines. a weak defense against heterotypic challenge generated by live h0n1 vi ... | 1982 | 6977595 |
| epidemiological, clinical, and virological features of influenza outbreaks in pune, india, 1980. | during the course of continuous surveillance of influenza in 1980 in pune, india, which has a tropical monsoon climate, three outbreaks of acute respiratory infection (ari) were investigated in march (hot season), in july-september (rainy season), and in november (cold season); sporadic cases during the interepidemic months were also studied. the first outbreak was associated with influenza a virus (h3n2), the second with influenza a viruses (h3n2) and (h1n1) and influenza b virus, but fewer inf ... | 1982 | 6982785 |
| characterization of human serum strain-specific antihemagglutinin antibody to a/port chalmers/73 (h3n2) influenza virus by radioimmunoprecipitation assays. | we performed radioimmunoprecipitation assays in which iodinated preparations of a/port chalmers/73 (a/pc/73) hemagglutinin were used as the test antigens and high concentrations of unlabeled a/hong kong/68 viral protein were used to inhibit the binding of cross-reactive antibodies to quantitate strain-specific antibody responses in postvaccination sera. strain-specific antibodies comprised 8 to 48% (mean, 20%) of the total a/pc/73 antigen-binding capacity of the sera tested. competition radioimm ... | 1982 | 6985298 |
| prevalence of hemagglutination inhibition antibody to current strains of the h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes of influenza a virus in sera collected from the elderly in 1976. | sera were collected in 1976 from 182 individuals born between 1876-1935, who included patients in a large local nursing home in orange county, california, and patients and staff at the university of california, irvine medical center. sera were treated with receptor-destroying enzyme and assayed for hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody to recent strains of influenza a virus. the antigens tested were: a/victoria/3/76 and a/texas/1/77 for subtype h3n2; a/new jersey/8/76, a/x53 and a/swine/1976 ... | 1982 | 7072705 |
| influenza a(h3n2) virus isolations--united states. | 1982 | 6818449 | |
| study of several genetic markers of two recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type a strains. | two recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type a strains were studied as regards neuraminidase activity, the rate of elution from chicken rbc and the sensitivity to nonspecific horse serum inhibitors. neuraminidase activity was lower in the a(h1n1) recombinant and in its collection and wild-type parents belonging to the same subtype than in the a(h3n2) recombinant and parental strains; the elution rate was much higher in the former than in the latter. in contrast to the parenta ... | 1982 | 6959412 |
| cold-adapted recombinant influenza a virus vaccines in seronegative young children. | two live, attenuated, intranasally administered influenza virus vaccines were evaluated in 21 seronegative young children at vanderbilt children's hospital (nashville, tennessee). the vaccines were derivatives of a cold-adapted master strain, influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 virus, containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of one of two contemporary strains, influenza a/hong kong/123/77 (h1n1) or a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) virus. both vaccine strains replicated in seronegative young children without ev ... | 1982 | 7045254 |
| the binding of staphylococcal protein a by the sera of different animal species. | the capacity of purified immunoglobulin or serum to bind (125i)-labeled staphylococcal protein a (spa) was measured by means of an immunofiltration assay that facilitated the examination of large numbers of sera and required only a minute quantity of each. sera from 80 species, including humans, laboratory animals, domestic animals, and a variety of african mammals were examined. a wide interspecies variation in the spa-binding capacity of serum immunoglobulins was confirmed. only small variatio ... | 1982 | 7061862 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus. i. isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants some of which exhibit host-dependent temperature sensitivity. | 1982 | 7064353 | |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus. ii. genetic analysis and demonstration of intrasegmental complementation. | 1982 | 7064354 | |
| pneumonia and influenza deaths during epidemics: implications for prevention. | pneumonia and influenza (p&i) deaths among adults during epidemics of influenza a (h3n2) virus are reviewed and risks of such deaths according to age and presence of chronic disease are estimated from medical records of a large group practice. thirty-eight deaths occurred among 310 persons hospitalized with p&i. flu-like symptoms occurred in 30 patients (79%), 26 patients (68%) were older than 65 years, 36 patients (95%) had chronic disease, and approximately half were medically stable before th ... | 1982 | 7053739 |
| possible waterborne transmission and maintenance of influenza viruses in domestic ducks. | two duck farms in hong kong were examined monthly for 1 year for the occurrence and persistence of influenza viruses within the duck communities. the predominant virus in one community was h3n2, a virus antigenically related to the pandemic hong kong strain. this virus was isolated monthly throughout the year from feces or pond water or both, indicating a cycle of waterborne transmission. viruses of the same antigenic combination were isolated 1 and 2 years after the last sampling occasion, impl ... | 1982 | 7055370 |