Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| reconstruction of h3n2 influenza virus based virosome in-vitro. | virosomes are virus like particles (vlp) assembled in-vitro. influenza virosomes maintain the cell binding and membrane fusion activity of the wild type virus but are devoid of viral genetic material or internal proteins. influenza virosomes mimic the natural antigen presentation route of the influenza virus. | 0 | 23825736 |
| serologic study of pig-associated viral zoonoses in laos. | we conducted a serologic survey of four high-priority pig-associated viral zoonoses, japanese encephalitis virus (jev), hepatitis e virus (hev), nipah virus (niv), and swine influenza virus (siv), in laos. we collected blood from pigs at slaughter during may 2008-january 2009 in four northern provinces. japanese encephalitis virus hemagglutination inhibition seroprevalence was 74.7% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 71.5-77.9%), jev igm seroprevalence was 2.3% (95% ci = 1.2-3.2%), and hev seroprev ... | 0 | 22665622 |
| improved immunogenicity of individual influenza vaccine components delivered with a novel dissolving microneedle patch stable at room temperature. | prevention of seasonal influenza epidemics and pandemics relies on widespread vaccination coverage to induce protective immunity. in addition to a good antigenic match with the circulating viruses, the effectiveness of individual strains represented in the trivalent vaccines depends on their immunogenicity. in this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of h1n1, h3n2, and b seasonal influenza virus vaccine strains delivered individually with a novel dissolving microneedle patch and the stability ... | 0 | 25895053 |
| disease risks associated with free-ranging wild boar in saskatchewan. | this study investigated the disease status of saskatchewan's feral wild boar population. whole carcasses, tissue samples, and/or serum from 81 hunter-killed boars from saskatchewan were submitted to the canadian wildlife health cooperative (cwhc) between 2009 and 2014. serological tests were negative for prrs, h1n1, and h3n2 swine influenza, pcv-2, and tge/prcv in 22/22 boars and for toxoplasma gondii and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in 20/20 boars. of 20 boars whose sera were tested 20 were positiv ... | 0 | 26246630 |
| studies on relationships between human and porcine influenza. 1. serological evidence of infection in swine in great britain with an influenza a virus antigenically like human hong kong-68 virus. | serological evidence of infection of swine in great britain with an influenza a virus closely related to the human a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) variant was detected by a variety of serological tests. the hong kong/68 virus was first detected in man in great britain in august 1968 and was prevalent in the winters of 1968-69 and 1969-70. there was no evidence that swine had been infected with a hong kong/68-like virus before the appearance of the virus in man. the detection of virus-neutralizing antibody ... | 1972 | 4538532 |
| studies on relationships between human and porcine influenza. 2. immunological comparisons of human a-hong kong-68 virus with influenza a viruses of porcine origin. | antigenic comparisons were made between the human a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus and a collection of influenza a viruses of swine origin. haemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase-inhibition tests were used in addition to immunoprecipitin tests with monospecific antisera prepared against purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase preparations. the antigenic relationships revealed by the studies are summarized as follows: (1) swine/taiwan/7310/70 virus contained envelope antigens that were antig ... | 1972 | 4538533 |
| some observations on the circulation of influenzaviruses in domestic and wild birds. | four viruses isolated from poultry in the ussr and poland were identified as influenza a strains. one strain was closely related to fowl plague virus, the second showed an antigenic relationship to a/chicken/scotland/59 (hav5n1), and two others were antigenically related to a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (hav7neq2) and a/duck/england/56 (hav3nav1). antibodies to different strains of influenzavirus were detected in sera collected from poultry and from wild birds in the northern area of the ussr. more of the ... | 1972 | 4541001 |
| antibodies to human influenzavirus neuraminidase (the a-asian-57 h2n2 strain) in sera from australian pelagic birds. | sera collected from australian pelagic birds specifically inhibited the neuraminidase of the asian/57 (h2n2) strain of human influenzavirus. neuraminidase inhibition titres of some sera were high and the avidity of the inhibitor was comparable to that of specific antibody. the neuraminidase of a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2), which has undergone considerable antigenic drift in man since 1957, was inhibited to a lesser extent by the bird sera, while the neuraminidases of the a/bel/42 (h0n1) and a/fm/1/47 ... | 1972 | 4541008 |
| prevalence of antibody to current influenza viruses and effect of vaccination on antibody response. | the extent of antibody to the influenza virus a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) after four years of prevalence was investigated in britain and in the u.s.a. the results indicated a high incidence in both populations. the prevalence of antibody to a variant a/england/42/72 (h3n2) which has been causing epidemics of influenza in the southern hemisphere during the middle months of 1972 was also investigated. the differences reflect the shift in antigenic content of this variant, and although the overall propor ... | 1972 | 4646846 |
| immune response to vaccination with a live influenza virus (h3n2) vaccine ("ann" strain). | a live attenuated influenza virus ("ann" strain) derived from a/england/878/69 was given intranasally to a group of volunteers, most of whom had already circulating antibodies against h(3)n(2) viruses at the time of inoculation. there was a fourfold or higher increase of circulating hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in those volunteers who had relatively low initial titers. the response was lower in those with initially higher serum titers. the pattern of the serum neutralizing antibody res ... | 1973 | 4729931 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. 3. further characterization of the ts-1(e) influenza a recombinant (h3n2) virus in man. | 1973 | 4743544 | |
| clinical and epidemiological features of an outbreak of influenza in ulan bator in 1971. | in october and november 1971 an outbreak of influenza (type a virus) occurred in the town of ulan bator. a clinical and epidemiological investigation showed that some 30% of the population presented typical signs of influenza of medium severity. the etiology of the outbreak was confirmed by virological, serological, and fluorescent-antibody techniques. a detailed study of the antigenic structure of the virus isolated in the mongolian people's republic, a/mongolia/013/71, showed that it belonged ... | 1973 | 4613497 |
| [isolation and identification of the a-hong kong (h3n2) virus in respiratory diseases of cattle]. | 1973 | 4274331 | |
| antigenic analysis of prototype influenza a (h3n2) strains by the antiserum absorption method. | prototype strains of the influenza a (h3n2) virus can be arranged on a gradient showing the degree of the antigenic drift which the haemagglutinins of the strains have undergone. the demonstration of fine antigenic differences is based on an antiserum absorption test which allows a detailed antigenic analysis of strains. the gradient provides information on variation in strains occurring in different geographical areas and its use may be helpful in differentiating between introduced strains and ... | 1973 | 4518349 |
| skin tests with influenza virus. | skin reactions have been produced in normal subjects by the injection of highly purified influenza a and b viruses. the reactions reached a maximum at 24-48 hr. and the histological pattern was compatible with a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. there was no close relation between skin test results and circulating antibodies. twenty-seven subjects were challenged intranasally with attenuated influenza a (h3n2): 5 of 14 skin-test-negative subjects were infected, but none of 13 skin-test-positive ... | 1973 | 4520513 |
| effect of isoprinosine against challenge with a(h3n2)-hong kong influenza virus in volunteers. | volunteers were challenged with a(h(3)n(2))/hong kong/8/68 influenza virus while being given prophylaxis with either isoprinosine or placebo in a double-blind experiment. isoprinosine, which had demonstrable antiviral activity in animal models, did not appear to protect humans from clinical influenza. the only beneficial effect of the drug observed was a slight, but significant, reduction in virus shedding. | 1973 | 4597726 |
| in vitro effect of virazole against influenza viruses. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations of virazole against 32 mean tissue culture infective doses of three type a influenza strains including type a/england/42/72 (h3n2) and a type b strain in tissue culture were 0.1 and 0.05 mug/ml, respectively. the growth inhibition pattern by various virazole concentrations of type a virus was similar to that of the type b virus. virazole appears to be slightly more potent against the a/england/42/72 strain than are other antiinfluenzal agents. | 1973 | 4793883 |
| antigenic variation in current human type a influenza viruses: antigenic characteristics of the variants and their geographic distribution. | outbreaks of influenza due to the virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) began in 1968 and are still occurring. the haemagglutinin of this virus is different from that of the a/singapore/1/57 virus (the "asian" strain) but the neuraminidase antigens are the same. between 1968 and 1971 only minor antigenic "drift" in the haemagglutinin was noted, but in recent months 2 isolates have been identified in which considerable "drift" has occurred in the haemagglutinin and in the neuraminidase antigens. one, a/h ... | 1973 | 4200741 |
| use of the single radial diffusion technique for influenza antibody surveys. | a survey of antibody to the influenza a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) and the variant a/england/42/72 (h3n2) was carried out by two methods, haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and single radial diffusion (srd). a comparison of the sensitivity of the two tests indicated that the proportion of sera that produced a zone of 2.5 mm or larger in the srd tests was equivalent to the proportion that gave hi titres of 1: 40 or more. the test was carried out on serum samples collected from various regions of englan ... | 1973 | 4212505 |
| [attempted separation of the surface antigens of the a-hong kong-1-68 h3n2 virus, using a new carboxypolypeptidase]. | 1974 | 4212550 | |
| use of single radial immunodiffusion test for serological studies in volunteers inoculated with live attenuated influenza virus. | pre- and post-vaccination serum samples from 278 volunteers, who were given live influenza vaccines, were tested by haemagglutination inhibition (hi) and single radial immunodiffusion tests(srdt) for antibody to influenza a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) virus envelope antigens. those with high antibody titres detected in both tests were less frequently infected, and 85% of the 159 infected showed rises by hi and 70% by srdt. similarly, 69 pairs were tested for antibody to hong kong (n2) neuraminidase by ... | 1974 | 4214175 |
| antigenic variation in current influenza a viruses: evidence for a high frequency of antigenic 'drift' for the hong kong virus. | a new antigenic variant of the hong kong (h3n2) subtype of influenzavirus type a is described. the variant, a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2), was first isolated in australasia in the autumn of 1973 and subsequently became the predominant influenza a variant in most areas of the world, replacing the previously prevalent strain a/england/42/72 (h3n2). the 1973 variant shows antigenic differences from former hong kong variants in both haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens. the application of immuno- ... | 1974 | 4218138 |
| immunity to influenza in ferrets. x. intranasal immunization of ferrets with inactivated influenza a virus vaccines. | the response of ferrets after intranasal inoculation of inactivated a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) influenza virus vaccines is reported. normal ferrets given either saline vaccine in drops or freeze-dried vaccine in an aerosol intranasally did not produce detectable serum or nasal hemagglutination inhibiting antibody and were found to be completely susceptible to challenge infection with a/hong kong/68 virus. intranasal saline vaccine did not produce an additive effect on the response of ferrets simultan ... | 1974 | 4830530 |
| spread of influenzaviruses a/england/42/72 and a/hong kong/1/68. | seroconversion for a/england/42/72 (h3n2) virus occurred in a child in calcutta in august 1971, one month after the virus was first isolated in india. during the following 5 months a small increase was observed in the geometric mean titres (gmt). in mid-1972 the virus was in kathmandu, nepal, where the children had a higher gmt than the adults. the gmt increased sharply during 1972 and early 1973 and this increase was accompanied by an increased number of hospital admissions for respiratory dise ... | 1974 | 4549196 |
| susceptibility of a yak to influenza a viruses and presence of h3n2 antibodies in animals in nepal and india. | naturally acquired antibody to h3n2 human influenza antigens was found in a yak-zebu crossbred in nepal. serial inoculation of a yak, negative for antibody, produced a response to a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2), a/england/42/72 (h3n2), and a/prague/1/56 (heq1 neq1) influenzavirus strains. single radial diffusion tests showed that cattle and goats in west bengal, india, and water buffaloes and cattle in kathmandu, nepal, also had antibodies against the h3n2 antigens. haemagglutination-inhibition antibod ... | 1974 | 4549482 |
| antigenic variation of neuraminidase of human type a influenza (h3n2) viruses isolated in berlin (west). | after the emergence of the a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) strain of influenza virus antigenic variation of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens have been demonstrated leading to the identification of the variants a/england/42/72,a/port chalmers/1/73 and a/scotland/840/74. this study describes antigenic changes of neuraminidases in influenza viruses isolated since 1968 in berlin (west). a collection of 13 isolates of human type a influenza was studied in neuraminidase inhibition tests. the resul ... | 1975 | 56831 |
| [age profile of the antihemagglutinins and antineuraminidase antibodies in type a influenza (author's transl)]. | antineuraminidase and antihemagglutinating antibody studies were carried out in parallel in sera from subjects born in bulgaria in 1968-1972, 1956-1960, 1946-1950, 1925-1935 and 1917-1920. it was found that the amount of both antineuraminidase and antihemagglutinating antibody in sera from normal subjects could vary depending upon the year of birth and the strain used for the test. the antibody spectrum was most narrow in children under 4 and wider in subjects born before 1925. serograms of the ... | 1975 | 54996 |
| recombinant wrl 105 strain live attenuated influenza vaccine. immunogenicity, reactivity, and transmissibility. | the immunogenicity, reactivity, and transmissibility of recombinant wrl 105 (h3n2) (a/okuda/57xa/finland/4/74) strain live attenuated influenza virus vaccine were studied in adult male volunteers in a residential community in rural england. thirteen volunteers received a single dose of 10(7.0) e.i.d.50 recombinant wrl 105 vaccine administered as nose drops, and twelve volunteers received placebo. nine (82%) of eleven volunteers with initial antibody titres of less than or equal to 1/96 showed a ... | 1975 | 51958 |
| failure of attenuated temperature-sensitive influenza a (h3n2) virus to induce heterologous interference in humans to parainfluenza type 1 virus. | the present investigation was undertaken to determine if a candidate live vaccine virus, influenza a/hong kong/68-ts-1 [e] (h3n2), induced heterologous interference against an interferon-sensitive, wild-type, parainfluenza type 1 challenge virus. the parainfluenza virus was administered 7 days after hong kong/68-ts-1 [e] virus infection. the clinical response, daily quantitative virus shedding, interferon production, and serum and nasal wash antibody responses were determined in an experimental ... | 1975 | 166929 |
| the effect of species and organ-specific features of tissue systems on the reactogenic and immunogenic properties of influenza virus. | the dynamics of changes in the reactogenic and immunogenic properties of influenza a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) virus in the course of serial passages in white mice, chick embryos, chick, cow and pig embryo kidney tissue cultures and in rat, guinea pig, chick embryo, cow embryo and pig embryo trachea organ cultures was studied. the rate of virus attenuation was found to depend not only on the species origin of tissue systems but also on their organ specificity. in rapid, 24-hour passages in chick emb ... | 1975 | 235196 |
| [isolation of surface antigens of influenza virus a/hong kong 1/68 (h3n2) by density gradient fractionation with a new carboxypolypeptidase (author's transl)]. | isolation of pure neuraminidase and hemagglutinin from influenza virus a/hong kong 1/68 (h3n2) can be achieved using the coupled action of a new carboxypolypeptidase from streptomyces fradiae and sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds). biochemical, physical and physico-chemical studies showed that the two molecules are in pure form and of glycoproteic nature. | 1975 | 238492 |
| polymorphism of human blood groups and incidence of influenza a/hong kong (h3n2). | during three epidemics of influenza a/hong kong (h3n2) and experimentally in vaccines, the relation between influenza infection and abo, rh and mn blood groups was studied. examinations of 2760 patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of influenza and 749 persons vaccinated with live influenza vaccine showed that individuals of blood groups o and b were susceptible to influenza 1.67 and 1.20 times more, respectively, than individuals of blood group a. the difference in incidence was most man ... | 1975 | 241245 |
| replication of influenza virus in organ cultures of human and simian urogenital tissues and human foetal tissues. | a survey of human adult tissues in organ cultures showed that influenza viruses (a/moscow/1019/65 (h2n2) or a recombinant virus virulent for man (pr/8-a/england/939/69 clone 7a(h3n2)) could infect uterus, bladder and conjunctiva but not oesophagus under the conditions employed; simian bladder and uterus were also susceptible. these results were similar to those already described for corresponding ferret tissues. organ cultures of human foetal nasal mucosa, trachea, oesophagus, small and large in ... | 1975 | 809051 |
| safety and antigenicity of influenza a/hong kong/68-ts-1 (e) (h3n2). | influenza a/hong kong/68-ts-1 [e] (h3n2) vaccine was administered intranasally to 18 seronegative children 14 to 32 months of age. fourteen children, 78%, shed influenza a/hong kong virus for a mean of eight days following vaccination. sixteen children, 89%, experienced a fourfold or greater rise in hemagglutination-inhibition antibody. some children appeared to experience a febrile reaction to the vaccine although interpretation of this data was complicated by intercurrent illness. these findin ... | 1975 | 810557 |
| influenza alone and in sequence with pneumonia due to streptococcus pneumoniae in the squirrel monkey. | squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) inoculated intratracheally with 10(4.2)-10(8.2) egg median infectious doses (eid50) of type a influenza virus (h3n2) responded with clinical illness including such signs as fever, sneezing or coughing, coryza, and increased respiratory rates. necropsy studies performed six days after inoculation revealed bronchopneumonia in addition to a mild tracheitis. squirrel monkeys given 10(5)-6 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) of streptococcus pneumoniae intratracheal ... | 1975 | 811714 |
| [isolation of influenza virus "a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2)" from liquor cerebrospinalis of patients with cns involvement (author's transl)]. | liquor cerebrospinalis of eight patients with central nervous symptoms were tested for influenza virus during the influenza virus epidemic 1971/72. in three of these cases influenza virus (a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) was isolated from spinal fluid in the embryonated hen egg. these patients showed after influenza like prodromi meningo-encephalitis, encephalitis or paranoid psychosis. possible pathomechanisms are discussed. | 1975 | 1214696 |
| clinical and serologic effects of alice strain live attenuated influenza a (h3n2) virus vaccine in an adult population. | alice strain live attenuated influenza a (h3n2) virus was evaluated in prison volunteers. by random double blind allocation, 94 volunteers received alice strain vaccine (as) intranasally and 97 received placebo. the vaccine was well tolerated, and there was no serious morbidity. the number, type, duration, and severity of symptoms was not significantly different between the vaccine and placebo groups. seventy-five per cent of vaccines with initial hai titers less than or equal to 1:8 had 4 fold ... | 1975 | 1214706 |
| demonstration of antibodies to both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of h3n2 influenza a virus in domestic dogs. | serologic evidence of infection with human (h3n2) influenza viruses of 6 of 79 dogs sampled in new york city in march-april 1973 was obtained through the use of four different methods for measurement of anti-hemagglutination and anti-neuraminidase antibody. | 1975 | 1235862 |
| live attenuated influenza virus vaccines in patients with chronic broncho-pulmonary diseases. clinical and immunological evaluation. | the safety and potency of two live attenuated influenza a virus vaccines, administered intranasally, were tested in outpatients suffering from chronic obstructive lung disease, during two successive trials performed between 1972 and 1974. the vaccine strains were representative of the prevalent influenza a virus types; the ann strain was derived from a classical h3n2 (a/hong-kong/878/69) isolated and the alice strain from a recent h3n2 drift (a/england/42/72). the serum and nasal antibody respon ... | 1975 | 1096297 |
| [experience in the use of tebrophen for influenza prevention]. | the efficacy of influenca prophylaxis by a new soviet chemopreparation tebrophen was studied during the influenza epidemics of 1972-1973 caused by the influenza virus of a/hong-kong/68 and a/england/72/h3n2/types. investigations were carried out under conditions of an epidemiological experience among the organized (adult) collective bodies (4352 persons in all). the preparation was instilled intranasally in the form of a 0.25 and 1% ointment on vaseline base. the efficacy index was 2.0-2.7, and ... | 1975 | 1098334 |
| [properties of influenza virus strains causing the influenza epidemic in moscow in 1972-3]. | the antigenic and some biological properties of influenza virus strains isolated during 1972-1973 epidemic were studied. altogether 114 strains were isolated from sick infants of the first months of life beginning from neonatality. the strains under study were found to have high adaptation and elution activity, to be highly sensitive to inhibitors and to produce polymorphous allantoic population in the adaptation period. the hemagglutinating and neuraminidase components were shown to be fairly c ... | 1975 | 1121850 |
| [evaluation of the preventive efficacy of bonaphthone in influenza]. | bonaphthone was tested as a prophylactic drug in 4927 adults during 1973 influenza epidemic caused by influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) virus, and shown to exert a protective effect: the index of effectiveness was 1.8-2.9, the protection rate 44.7-66.4%. when given per os in a daily dose of 50 mg for 24 days bonaphthone produced no manifest side effects. | 1975 | 1121854 |
| virus antibodies in serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases. | rubella and influenza a (h3n2) haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody titres and measles complement-fixing (cf), haemagglutination inhibition (hi), haemolysis inhibition (hli), and ribonucleoprotein gel precipitation (rnp-gp) antibody titres were studied in the serum and synovial fluid of twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra), two patients with ankylosing spondylitis, and two patients with reiter's syndrome. antibody titres were also studied in the serum and csf of four patients wit ... | 1975 | 1124954 |
| [isolation of the influenza virus variant a/england/42/72 (h3n2) in quebec in 1973]. | 1975 | 1131778 | |
| induction of interferon in man by vaccines. | the purpose of this study was to extend the spectrum of vaccines with interferon-inducing potential in man. the vaccines selected for study were the commercially available attenuated poliomyelitis vaccine type 2 (sabin strain) and the new live attenuated influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) vaccine ("alice" strain). five subjects, two of whom had low or undetectable polio type 2 neutralizing antibody levels were given the type 2 vaccine (10-4.7 tcid50) in the standard manner orally. even though the ... | 1975 | 1170566 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. vi. transfer of ts lesions from the asian subtype of influenza a virus (h2n2) to the hong kong subtype (h3n2). | 1975 | 1171555 | |
| humoral and secretory antibody responses to immunization with low and high dosage split influenza virus vaccine. | tri (n-butyl) phosphate (tnbp)-split vaccine containing 6400 cca units of influenza virus a/aichi/68 (h3n2) was given intramuscularly to a group of volunteers. the changes in serum haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) and nasal wash neutralizing antibody were measured, and the results compared with that of volunteers given a tnbp-split vaccine containing 400 cca of the same virus. more volunteers given the high-dose vaccine developed a fourfold rise in serum hi antibody, and there was a greater inc ... | 1975 | 1119940 |
| assessment of immunity to influenza using artifical challenge of normal volunteers with influenza virus. | the candidate humoral mediators of protection against influenza include antibody (ab) to the viral hemagglutinin (h) or neuraminidase (n) in serum or respiratory secretions. in the present studies these mediators were evaluated principally by low dose live virus challenge of previously vaccinated volunteers. following im vaccination with h3n2 virus, ab appeared in both serum and secretions and direct quantitative relationship between the two was noted. among individuals vaccinated intranasally w ... | 1975 | 1126573 |
| effect of neuraminidase on potency of inactivated influenza virus vaccines in mice. | the protective effect of neuraminidase was studied in a mouse protection test using isolated neuraminidase of a2/aichi/68(h3n2) virus and the complete recombinant virus a/eq(heq-1)-hk(n2) as antigens. immunized mice were protected against a2/aichi(h3n2) challenge virus; however, the protection rate was low in comparison to animals immunized with comparable amounts of the complete a2/68(h3n2) virus9 furthermore there was no cross-protection against a2/asia/57(h2n2) challenge virus. the protective ... | 1975 | 1126575 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza. viii. genetic and biological characterization of ts mutants of influenza virus a (h3n2) and their assignment to complementation groups. | 1975 | 1154652 | |
| temperature sensitive mutants of influenza virus. ix. genetic and biological characterization of ts-1[e] lesions when transferred to a 1972 (h3n2) influenza a virus. | 1975 | 1154653 | |
| serum hi antibody and protection against influenza: a follow-up survey at community level of three epidemics caused by different h3n2-variants. | serial blood specimens from rh-negative pregnant women sent to laboratory for rh antibody testing were stored and used for influenza investigations. the study period covered three epidemics, each caused by a different variant of influenza a (h3n2) virus. the relationship between pre-epidemic haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody level against the epidemic virus and serological evidence of infection was analysed. titre associated with protection was very similar in the three epidemics. in 19 ... | 1975 | 1165150 |
| [on the antigenicity of influenza virus aluminum oxide adjuvant vaccine "alorbat" in man (author's transl)]. | the antihemagglutinin (ah) and antineuraminidase (an) antibody response in 35 humans to a single vaccination with the aluminum oxide adsorbed influenza virus vaccine "alorbat" was investigated. the vaccine contained the strains a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2), a/hong kong/107/71 (h3n2), a/england/42/72 (h3n2) and b/iowa/1/69. the rates of significant ah antibody titer increase ranged from 51 percent (against a/hong kong/68), 69 (against a/hong kong/71), 63 (against a/england/72) to 83 percent (against b ... | 1975 | 1179878 |
| new live attenuated influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) vaccine (alice): reactogenicity,, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy. | the alice strain of influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) live attenuated vaccine, when given by the intranasal route to 133 volunteers, was relatively nonreactogenic; only 12% of the vaccinees had upper respiratory tract symptoms after immunization. seroconversion in 87.2% of subjects whose titers of humoral hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody before immunization were less than 1:8 demonstrated the immunogenicity of the vaccine. the overall seroconversion rate was 66.1% (geometric mean titer of hem ... | 1975 | 1202110 |
| oral influenza vaccination with live attenuated viruses. 2. protective efficacy during a type a(h3n2) epidemic. | 151 subjects, orally immunized with live attenuated influenza virus of the institute for viral preparations of moscow (bivalent a(h3n2) england 72 and b vaccine) and 66 non vaccinated cohabitants were studied during an epidemic caused by strains similar to a/port chalmers/73. 5 cases of disease were virologically or serologically ascertained among the vaccinated (morbidity 3.3%) and 8 among the non-immunized cohabitants (12.1%). the difference turned out statistically significant. by comparing t ... | 1975 | 1203088 |
| [tolerance and immunogenicity of an attenuated live influenza virus vaccine in man (author's transl)]. | the attenuated influenza-a-virus strain "alice" (h3n2) - a recombination from a2/england/72 and a/pr8 mount sinai/34 - was given intransally in drops (10(7,2) id50 per dose), twice seven days apart. in a similar fashion, 25 healthy persons received placebos. local antibodies were determined before and three weeks after the first vaccination from nasal irrigation fluid. the fluid was concentrated and adjusted to an iga amount of 50 mg/l. blood samples were obtained at similar intervals. systemic ... | 1975 | 1204500 |
| [preparative isolation of a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) virus hemagglutinin]. | hemagglutinin of a/hong kong/1/68 virus was isolated by electrophoresis in acetate-cellulose of a recombinant 12/13 (h3n1) strain destroyed by sodium dodecyl sulphate. electron microscope examinations were carried out and molecular weights of hemagglutinin polypeptides were determined. a monospecific serum containing no antibody to neuraminidase was prepared. | 1975 | 1220249 |
| occurrence of hong kong influenza a (h3n2) virus infection in the budapest zoo. | 1975 | 1231556 | |
| infection of dogs and cats with the hong kong influenza a (h3n2) virus during an epidemic period in hungary. | 1975 | 1231557 | |
| attenuated influenza virus in normal adults: role of pulmonary function studies in vaccine trials. | a live attenuated virus, influenza a/hong kong/68(h3n2)-ts-1[e], was administered to 10 normal volunteers. infection resulted in minor upper respiratory tract symptoms in one volunteer. an isolate from one volunteer contained a presumed revertant wild-type virus, but no clinical significance could be ascribed to this infection. since infection with natural influenza a virus adversely affects airway dynamics, serial tests of pulmonary function were performed, including measurements of forced expi ... | 1976 | 1245763 |
| reactions and serologic responses in young children and infants after administration of inactivated monovalent influenza a vaccine. | infants, two years of age and under, received zonally purified whole-virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) influenza vaccine. febrile responses, including one febrile convulsion, were observed in nine of 13 (69%). there was a fourfold rise in serum-neutralizing antibody in nine of 11 (82%) of those lacking initial antibody titers. purity of the vaccine was documented by electron microscopy, absence of egg protein, and very low levels of endotoxin (0.048mug/dose). it is concluded that the toxicity of vaccine ... | 1976 | 1245938 |
| pulmonary mechanics after uncomplicated influenza a infection. | pulmonary mechanics were evaluated in 13 nonsmoking adults with acute, uncomplicated influenza a/port chalmers/73(h3n2) virus infection. subjects had no evidence of lower respiratory tract involvement on physical examination. viral and/or scrologic evidence of influenza infection was established for all subjects. physiologic measurements included forced expiratory rates by spirometry and total pulmonary resistance (rt) measured at 3, 5, 7, and 9 cycles per sec by the oscillometric technique. sub ... | 1976 | 1247227 |
| antigenicity of licensed whole virion and subvirion influenza vaccines in "high risk" persons. | the frequency and magnitude of serum antibody response to type a and b influenza virus induced by whole virion and subvirion vaccines were essentially comparable. immunization was followed in vaccinated individuals by an antihemagglutinin antibody response to the common antigenic determinant shared by the type a h3n2 viruses. relatively few individuals developed antibody to the type-specific determinant. | 1976 | 1265060 |
| the behaviour in ferrets of two closely related clones of influenza virus of differing virulence for man. | clones 7a and 64d of the recombinant influenza virus a/pr/8/34-a/england/939/69(h3n2) which are of different virulence for man as judged by clinical score (7a more virulent than 64d) showed similar differences in ferrets. with intranasal inoculation the approximate 50% minimal infectious doses of both clones were similar (between 10(0) and 10(2) eid(50)) as were their titres in nasal washes 24 h after inoculation and the histologically evident damage they caused in the nasal turbinates. however, ... | 1976 | 1268040 |
| safety and efficacy of "alice" influenza virus vaccine in normal healthy adults. | a live influenza virus candidate vaccine, "alice" strain, was evaluated in normal healthy adults. it proved to be safe, with minimal clinical reactions. thirteen of 21 volunteers (61.9%) with pre-existing titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody of less than or equal to 1:4 and three of nine (33.3%) with initial titers of 1:8-1:16 had four-fold increases in titers of serum antibody. a second dose of vaccine did not increase the frequency or the magnitude of the serum antibody response. nas ... | 1976 | 946973 |
| kinetics of reactions of antihemagglutinin and antineuraminidase antibodies with h2n2 and h3n2 influenza virus strains and description of a modification of the photometric acu method for titration of antineuraminidase antibodies. | the isotherms describing the reactions of selected h2n2 and h3n2 virus strains with antihemagglutinin (ah) and antineuraminidase (an) antibodies were established by use of a photometric hemagglutination inhibition test [antibody concentration unit (acu) method]. it was found that the an antibody isotherms had significantly higher values of the constant 1/n than did the ah antibody isotherms. this finding confirms for further virus strains the conclusion that the photometric acu method can discri ... | 1976 | 1259594 |
| mapping of the influenza virus genome: identification of the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase genes. | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rna of influenza a/pr/8/34 (h0n1) and a/hong kong/8/68 (h3n2) viruses and recombinant viruses derived from them revealed that each contains eight rna segments, the fourth of which codes for hemagglutinin. (the largest rna of the segmented genome is counted as band 1.) the neuraminidase gene was identified as the sixth segment in the rna pattern of influenza a/pr8 virus and as the fifth segment of a/hong kong virus. the molecular weights of the rnas for t ... | 1976 | 1064882 |
| influenza: response of t-cell lymphopenia to thymosin. | eighteen volunteers in tow study groups were inoculated with influenza a (h3n2) and their peripheral blood t, b and null cells enumerated at subsequent intervals. infection with wild-type virus or with a live, attenuated virus vaccine markedly reduced the proportion and absolute number of t-cell rosettes 24 hours after inoculation. t-cell depression preceded the onset of clinical illness in symptomatic subjects, continued during illness, and returned to normal with recovery. t-cell lymphopenia w ... | 1976 | 1083484 |
| isolation, purification and characterization of polypeptides of influenza and parainfluenza viruses. note iii. polypeptides of three influenza virus strains isolated in romania. | an analysis is presented of the nature, number and relative molecular mass of the polypeptides of three influenza virus strains-a/romania 1/73 (h3n2), a/romania 1/75 (h3n2), and b/romania 34/74-isolated during different epidemic outbreaks. the results obtained indicate some similarities between the protein subunits of the two influenza a virus strains (as concerns virus surface and nucleocapsid components) and point out the particular properties of the influenza b strain. | 1976 | 1006977 |
| [evaluation of the immunity to a/swine influenza virus in a sample of population of rome]. | hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies in respect of type a/swine influenza virus (strain nib/3) were titrated on 225 serum specimens taken in rome during 1976. no hi antibodies to the a/swine virus were found in the serum specimens of the 155 subjects under 50 years of age, while the majority (94%) of the serum specimens of the subjects over 70 years of age showed hi antibody reactivity to the virus, with a mean geometric titre of 21.75. the vaccination of 38 individuals over 50 years of a ... | 1976 | 1016580 |
| influenza. | the most universally employed measurement of the impact of epidemics and pandemics is the excess of mortality due to influenza and pneumonia. other criteria are absenteeism from school and work, and all three will show positive indications when epidemics are of substantial size. during the 1974-1975 influenza season in houston, school and industrial absenteeism and the increase in influenza and pneumonia deaths, despite a newly devised statistical procedure, did not signal an epidemic. however, ... | 1976 | 1048031 |
| [use of filter paper to identify antibodies against myxovirus influenzae]. | a total of 165 sera and 142 eluates from filtration papers impreggnated with whole blood were examined in reaction of complement fixation against a/hong kong 1/68 (h3n2) and b/johannesburg 3/56 virus. to perform hit 152 sera and 155 eluates were used. the results obtained were elaborated statistically. the method of filtration papers does not seem to be suitable for hit, whereas the cft was in several cases practicable. | 1976 | 944210 |
| pathogenicity, immunogenicity and genetic stability in mice and ferrets of a cold inhibitor-resistant mutant of influenza h3n2 virus. | a cold inhibitor-resistant mutant was derived from mrc-2 virus by means of serial passages in the presence of rabbit serum and at gradually decreasing temperatures. this virus, denoted mrc-2 irc, grew well at both 26 and 37 degree c. the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of the virus was examined in mice and ferrets. no clinical reactions were detected in either species. both mice and ferrets developed high levels of hemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition antibodies. the virus w ... | 1976 | 955266 |
| preparation and characterization of live recombinant influenza vaccine. | strain wrl 105 was prepared by recombination between the a/finland/4/74 (h3n2) and attenuated a/okuda/57 (h2n2) strains by a method previously described. a single intranasal dose of wrl 105 strain live attenuated influenza vaccine was administered to volunteers at three dose levels and homologous serum antibody titres and virus excretion were monitored. doses greater than 10(6.3)eid50 gave 4-fold or greater increases in antibody titre in 80% of seronegative volunteers. | 1976 | 955267 |
| response of ferrets to infection with a live attenuated influenza virus and to subsequent heterologous challenge. | groups of three ferrets were inoculated with a live influenza vaccine ("alice" strain) and the degree of protection afforded against a challenge inoculation was measured by several parameters. after vaccination, virus excretion was studied and the genetic characteristics of the virus isolates were investigated. after 5-8 weeks, the challenge inoculations were performed with antigenic drifts of the h3n2 virus: a/dunedin/4/73 (port-chalmers-like), a/england/635/74 and a/scotland/840/74. the foll ... | 1976 | 955269 |
| longitudinal studies of types a and b influenza among seattle schoolchildren and families, 1968-74. | longitudinal studies of influenza were conducted by postepidemic collection of sera and illness information among seattle schoolchildren from 1968 to 1974 and in family groups from 1972 to 1974. the rate of infection with a/hong kong (h3n2) virus was lowest in the 1968-1969 epidemic; rates were twice as high in the epidemics of 1970 and 1972, and in the a/england (h3n2) epidemic of 1973. the introduction of a new strain of influenza type a or type b caused higher rates of infection in junior hig ... | 1976 | 978003 |
| mapping of the influenza virus genome. iii. identification of genes coding for nucleoprotein, membrane protein, and nonstructural protein. | in previous communications we reported that the eight rna segments of influenza a/pr/8/34 (hon1) virus could be distinguished from corresponding segments of influenza a/hong kong/8/68 (h3n2) virus by migration on polyacrylamide-urea gels. examination of the rna patterns of the two parent viruses and recombinants derived from them in concert with serological identification of surface proteins and analysis of the other proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate gradient gels permitted the identification o ... | 1976 | 985644 |
| adaptation of human influenza a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus to colostrum-deprived, specific-pathogen free piglets. | 1976 | 998058 | |
| antibodies to influenza a/swine-like viruses (hsw1n1) in human sera: antigenic stimulation and changes in antibody status. | human sera collected at the end of 1975 were studied for hi antibodies to influenza a/mayo clinic/103/74 (hsw1n1). the frequent occurrence of these antibodies in subjects born before 1930 suggested that they are present in about 25% of the finnish population. during the h3n2 epidemic in winter 1975-76 a low response of antibodies to a/swine-like viruses was recorded in about half of the influenza patients with a pre-existing titre, but not in any of the patients without pre-existing antibodies. ... | 1976 | 998257 |
| aerosol vaccination of mice with a live, temperature- sensitive recombinant influenza virus. | mice were vaccinated intranasally (i.n.) or with small-particle aerosols (spa; 2 mum) or large-particle aerosols (lpa; 8 mum) of an attenuated, temperature-sensitive, recombinant a influenza (h3n2) virus, ts-1 (e). serum virus-neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibition antibodies were detected for all vaccinated mice by 28 days. bronchoalveolar wash fluids had increased levels of immunoglobulin (igg, iga) only in the i.n. -vaccinated mice. hemagglutination and virus-neutralizing antibodies wer ... | 1976 | 1270134 |
| three strains of influenza a virus (h3n2): interferon sensitivity in vitro and interferon production in volunteers. | three antigenic variants of the h3n2 subtype of wild-type influenza a virus (representing the years 1968, 1972, and 1974) were examined for their sensitivity to interferon and for their ability to induce local respiratory tract interferon in volunteers. in addition, the time of appearance of symptoms in infected volunteers was correlated with the patterns of virus shedding and interferon production. the sensitivity to interferon and the ability to stimulate nasopharyngeal interferon were similar ... | 1976 | 1270590 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus: response of children to the influenza a/hong kong/68-ts-1(e) (h3n2) and influenza a/udorn/72-ts-1(e) (h3n2) candidate vaccine viruses and significance of immunity to neuraminidase antigen. | one of two slightly different influenza a/ts-1[e] recombinant candidate live vaccines was given intranasally to each of 23 young children. twelve of 15 children who had no serum hi antibody but who did have serum anab at the time of administration became infected and 1 had mild rhinitis. all eight who lacked both types of antibody became infected and they shed virus in higher titer and for longer than the former group; five had rhinorrhea and five had mild fever. these findings suggest that seru ... | 1976 | 1272630 |
| [comparative determination of cellular reactivity during infection with influenza virus a (h3n2)]. | among 28 strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated from human patients 3 strains were found to be capable of replication in continuous monkey kidney cell cultures. when cells of different origins (ppo, chick embryo chorioallantio membrane, human nasal mucosa) were infected with the virus or when ppo were infected with allantoic or cultural virus strains, the pathological changes were of the same type. no specific inclusions were found in the cells. adaptation of the virus to ppo cells resulte ... | 1976 | 824822 |
| spreading of virus infection among wild birds and monkeys during the influenza epidemic caused by the victoria(3)75 variant of a(h3n2) virus. | 1976 | 829760 | |
| laboratory characteristics of an attenuated influenza type a (h3n2) virus ('alice' strain). | the alice strain of live attenuated influenza virus was obtained by selection of a gamma inhibitor-resistant strain from a virus recombinant between a/pr/8/34 (hon1) and a/england/42/72 (h3n2). its behaviour in vitro and in vivo was studied. three marker systems were investigated: resistance to serum inhibitors, growth capacity at high temperature and low sensitivity to amantadine hydrochloride. in ferrets the strain was found to be attenuated and immunogenic. passages in man, animals and eggs h ... | 1976 | 1068197 |
| live, attenuated influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) virus vaccine: a field trial. | two doses of a live, attentuated influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) vaccine virus (inhibitor-insensitive alice strain) were administered intranasally to 130 university students, and placebo was given to 134 students. fourfold or greater rises in titer of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody occurred in 68% of all vaccine recipients and in 88% of those with initial titers of less than 1:8; the geometric mean titer of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody increased from 1:15 to 1:77. a 3.2-fold rise ... | 1976 | 778302 |
| comparative clinical and laboratory evaluation of the prophylactic capacity of ribavirin, amantadine hydrochloride, and placebo in induced human influenza type a. | the comparative prophylactic effectiveness of oral treatment with ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4,triazole-3-carboxamide; virazole) and amantadine hydrochloride against artificially induced infection with influenza a virus was evaluated in 29 seronegative men who received ribavirin capsules (200 mg) three times daily, placebo capsules three times daily, or amantadine capsules (100 mg) twice daily. medication was started two days before the inoculation of 2 x 10(4) 50% tissue culture infe ... | 1976 | 778307 |
| [automatic complement fixation reaction applied to the diagnosis of influenza (author's transl)]. | auto-analysis has been adapted to the study of complement fixation on flu antigen-antibody complexes. the antigen used consists of a complete virus of strain a2/aichi/68/h3n2 (antigen of envelope v). the advantages of this method reside in the reproducibility of the results and in instrumental reading with graphic recording and conservation of a graphical result. the recording of the percentage of hemolysis given by the auto-analyser permits calculation of the rate of the reaction k37 of complem ... | 1976 | 778753 |
| clinical evaluation of neuraminidase monospecific (heqn2) recombinant influenza vaccine in children. | phased clinical trials were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of neuraminidase specific recombinant (heqn2) inactivated influenza vaccine in a population of school children. groups of subjects were immunized under code, with influenza a2 port chalmer (h3n2), port chalmer neuraminidase recombinant (heqn2), and placebo vaccines (vaccine diluent) before the onset of a2 strain influenza epidemic in this population. preliminary results have provided the following information. immunization with comm ... | 1976 | 782964 |
| natural challenge of subjects vaccinated with wrl 105 strain live influenza vaccine in a residential community. | in the spring of 1975 an outbreak of influenza associated with influenza virus a/scotland/840/74 virus occurred in a residential college where the previous autumn some students had been immunised with a single intranasal dose of recombinant wrl 105 (h3n2) (a/okuda/57xa/finland/4/74) strain live attenuated infleunza virus vaccine. during the outbreak none of seven students who had been vaccinated suffered from influenza but an influenzal illness did occur in four of eleven who had received placeb ... | 1976 | 782969 |
| comparative efficacy of neuraminidase-specific and conventional influenza virus vaccines in induction of antibody to neuraminidase in humans. | groups of college students received either conventional a/england/42/72 (h3n2) vaccine (x-37), an antigenic hybrid (heq1n2) vaccine (x-38) containing the same neuraminidase (and thus effectively neuraminidase-monospecific), or a placebo injection. the vaccines contained 798 and 643 chick cell-agglutinating units per dose, respectively, and equivalent immunogenic units of n2 as defined in antigenic extinction tests in rabbits. all subjects had antibody to n2 before immunization, and mean initial ... | 1976 | 789791 |
| recombination of influenza a virus strains: effect on pathogenicity. | influenza viruses can recombine genetic information, and progeny virus can be selected for desired genetic traits. a newly isolated strain can develop the ability to grow to higher titer in embryonated eggs by acquiring this trait from the aopr8(hon1) strain, and can be selected by the terminal dilution technique and by treatment with anti-hon1 antisera. in addition to acquiring the ability to grow to high titer, surface antigens may also be transferred, and the progeny can be selected by immun ... | 1976 | 955268 |
| results of virological and serological studies of three influenza a hong-kong epidemics in leningrad. | an analysis of morbidity of the population in the course of 3 influenza a/hong-kong epidemics showed a pronounced decrease in influenza affection of adult population in the last epidemic in 1971--1972. comparative studies of the diagnostic value of cfr and hit demonstrated identical sensitivity of cfr as a method of influenza diagnostics in both the epidemic and interepidemic periods. hit was suitable for the detection of influenza only in the epidemic period. in the interepidemic period, the pe ... | 1976 | 135027 |
| wrl 105 strain (h3n2) live attenuated influenza vaccine: acceptability, reactivity, and antibody response in normal, bronchitic, and geriatric volunteers. | the acceptability, reactivity, and antibody responses of recombinant wrl 105 strain, live, attenuated influenza virus vaccine administered intranasally were studied in seventeen normal adults, and in seventeen bronchitic and twenty-one geriatric volunteers. the effect on peak flow and 1-second forced expiratory volume (f.e.v.1) on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days after vaccination was measured in the bronchitic and normal groups. seroconversion occurred in 80% to tht homologous virus, in 40.6% to a/vi ... | 1976 | 58306 |
| diversity of the antibody response to the different antigenic determinants on the hemagglutinin subunits of influenza viruses. | sera from rabbits hyperimmunized with hemagglutinin (ha) subunits isolated from the a/port chalmers/73 (h3n2)strain of influenza virus showed great differences in their cross-reactions with different strains of influenza virus. in hemagglutination-inhibition tests, some sera reacted to about the same titer with a/port chalmers/73 and a/hong kong/68 viruses, suggesting that these two strains were very closely related. other sera, which reacted to high titer with a/port chalmers/73 virus, had only ... | 1976 | 55438 |
| influenza virus subunit vaccines. ii. immunogenicity and original antigenic sin in humans. | subunit vaccines containing hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and nucleocapsids of a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) influenza virus were prepared after treatment of purified virus with ammonium deoxycholate. the immunogenicity of these subunits and the response to the common and specific antigenic determinants on the hemagglutinin subunits were studied in man. the subunits were as immunogenic in man as intact inactivated influenza virus vaccine at an equivalent concentration. booster doses of antigen did ... | 1976 | 59787 |
| swine influenza virus and the recycling of influenza-a viruses in man. | sera collected in 1967 and 1972 from people in the 0-100 age-group showed haemagglutination-inhibition (h.i.) antibody to swine virus a/iowa/15/30 (hsw1n1) in greatest number and with highest titre in people born before 1918. a slight decrease was observed from 1967 to 1972 in the number of sera with antibody to swine virus and in the height of the titres. the recently isolated a/new jersey/10/76 (hsw1n1) virus showed a result comparable to that of the swine/1930 virus in sera of 1972. on the an ... | 1976 | 59252 |
| a competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassay for influenza virus envelope antigens. | a double-antibody competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassay for influenza virus envelope antigens is described. a viral antigen preparation from influenza a virus recombinant mrc11 [antigenically identical to a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2)] consisting of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase was labelled with radioiodine. rabbit antisera were allowed to react with the labelled antigen and the resultant antigen-antibody complexes were precipitated with the appropriate antiglobulin. the competitive-inhibiti ... | 1976 | 65118 |
| [antigenic characteristics of chicken influenza viruses]. | data on isolation of chicken influenza virus strains in this country during epizootics in 1970--1975 are presented, and the antigenic characteristics of the isolates are described. all the strains had a mixed hemagglutinin type (gp6-h3n2) and neuraminidase h2. neuraminidase of the strains had more marked antigenic relationship with h2 human influenza a/singapore/57 (h2n2) virus than h2 of other human influenza virus strains. the size of km of neuraminidase is similar in all chicken influenza vir ... | 1976 | 62456 |
| results of virological and serological studies of three influenza a hong-kong epidemics in leningrad. | an analysis of morbidity of the population in the course of 3 influenza a/hong-kong epidemics showed a pronounced decrease in influenza affection of adult population in the last epidemic in 1971--1972. comparative studies of the diagnostic value of cfr and hit demonstrated identical sensitivity of cfr as a method of influenza diagnostics in both the epidemic and interepidemic periods. hit was suitable for the detection of influenza only in the epidemic period. in the interepidemic period, the pe ... | 1976 | 61243 |