| characterization of sicilian strains of spotted fever group rickettsiae by using monoclonal antibodies. | twenty-two hybridomas producing anti-rickettsia conorii monoclonal antibodies were obtained by nine fusion experiments. the strain chosen for immunization of mice was mavi, an r. conorii strain isolated from a sicilian patient with boutonneuse fever. when tested for immunoglobulin isotype by an indirect immunofluorescence (iif) assay, 46.6% of supernatants from the 22 hybridomas were immunoglobulin m. the supernatants were tested in the iif assay for binding to the mavi strain and four spotted f ... | 1989 | 2473092 |
| [the causative agent from a patient with spotted fever group rickettsiosis in japan on awaji island, hyogo]. | misaka strain was isolated as the causative agent from a patient with spotted fever group rickettsiosis in japan by using nude mice on awaji island, hyogo in september 1988. the nude mice infected with the isolate showed weakness and splenomegaly and died in two or three weeks after the infection. the cyclophosphamide-treated mice infected with the isolate died between four and seven days after the infection. the infected normal mice recovered and acquired immunity. the infected adult male guine ... | 1990 | 2205668 |
| epidemiology of boutonneuse fever in western sicily: accidental laboratory infection with a rickettsial agent isolated from a tick. | a case is reported of an accidental laboratory infection with a strain of spotted fever-group rickettsiae freshly isolated from a tick collected in western sicily. inoculation into the left thumb of cell-cultured organisms (10(5)/ml) gave rise to clinical signs and symptoms of boutonneuse fever after six days, i.e., a lesion at the point of inoculation, fever, headache, conjunctivitis and myalgias. rickettsiae were isolated from acute-phase blood samples collected from the infected individual an ... | 1990 | 2273984 |
| comparison of antigenic reactivity between intracellular and extracellular rickettsiae of spotted fever group. | antigens of intracellular rickettsiae in vero cells persistently infected with japanese yh strain of the spotted fever group (rickettsia japonica sp. nov.) reacted in the immunofluorescence test with sera from patients to the same extent by igg antibody titration as did antigens of extracellular rickettsiae prepared from culture fluid of lytically infected bhk cells. on the other hand, igm antibody titers measured with intracellular rickettsiae in vero cells were significantly higher in some cas ... | 1989 | 2516664 |
| spotted fever group rickettsia in dogs in japan. | prevalence of antibody against spotted fever group-rickettsia in dogs (14/134) from the northern part of shikoku island, where spotted fever group rickettsia infection in human is endemic, is significantly higher than that in dogs (4/189) from nonendemic areas. | 1989 | 2635227 |
| antigenic analysis of chinese strains of spotted fever group rickettsiae by protein immunoblotting. | protein immunoblotting demonstrated that 6 chinese strains of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae from northern china had antigenic polypeptides identical to those of rickettsia siberica (strains 246 and 232), and dissimilar to other sfg rickettsiae. the various species of other sfg rickettsiae exhibited serologically distinct epitopes as well as many cross-reactive epitopes in protein immunoblotting. all sfg rickettsiae examined in this study had major antigenic polypeptides of 113-160 kda. | 1988 | 2461661 |
| addition of monoclonal antibodies specific for rickettsia akari to the rickettsial diagnostic panel. | monoclonal antibodies were produced from mice infected with rickettsia akari (the etiologic agent of rickettsialpox) and evaluated for specificity in indirect fluorescent-antibody tests with 23 different rickettsial antigens. of the nine antibodies that were evaluated, two were specific for r. akari and four reacted with r. akari and all other spotted fever group rickettsiae. the remaining three antibodies reacted with some, but not all, members of the spotted fever group. none of the antibodies ... | 1988 | 3183012 |
| rickettsiae of the spotted fever group associated with the host-parasite system oryctolagus cuniculi/rhipicephalus pusillus. | wild rabbits--oryctolagus cuniculi--living in large numbers in a protected zone of tuscany, the park of migliarino--san rossore--massaciuccoli, showed to be carriers of the hard tick rhipicephalus pusillus, previously observed in north africa and sicily. antibodies to rickettsia conorii and r. slovaca were detected in 78.9 per cent of the wild rabbits captured in that area. seroconversion towards r. conorii was also observed in guinea pigs inoculated with homogenates of r. pusillus parasitizing ... | 1988 | 3195257 |
| production of antibody to and cellular localization of erythrocyte-sensitizing substance from rickettsia rickettsii. | antibodies to rickettsia rickettsii erythrocyte-sensitizing substance (ess) were raised in rabbits by using a derivatized ess. the resulting antibodies reacted with r. rickettsii and cross-reacted with rickettsia conorii, a member of the spotted fever group rickettsiae, but did not react with rickettsia typhi, a member of the typhus group rickettsiae, legionella bozemanii, or proteus vulgaris ox19 or ox2. immunoblot analysis indicated that ess was present in more than one fraction and that the m ... | 1989 | 2497137 |
| [differences in sensitivity of passive hemagglutination and passive hemolysis reactions in serological diagnosis of rickettsial infections]. | we compared the sensitivity of indirect hemagglutination and indirect hemolysis tests by detection of antibodies in sera of man, rabbits and sheep after infection with r. slovaca, r. sibirica and c. burnetii. we found that the titres of antibodies in indirect hemolysis are 4 times higher than in indirect hemagglutination namely with the sera of man, rabbits and sheep. this method can be recommended for diagnoses of rickettsiae of spotted fever group. | 1989 | 2485299 |
| the prevalence of igg antibodies to spotted-fever group rickettsiae among urban and rural dwelling children in southern israel. | the prevalence of igg antibodies to spotted-fever group rickettsiae was studied in a sample of 1,055 healthy children aged 2-17 years, residents of the desert negev region of southern israel. groups of children from 5 different places of residency were tested: (1) urban children from the city of beer-sheva; (2) children from omer, a suburb of the city; (3) children from rural communes ("kibbutz"); (4) children from small agricultural settlements ("moshav"); and (5) seminomadic bedouin children. ... | 1990 | 2320961 |
| biological characterization of major polypeptides on the surface of spotted fever group rickettsiae. | there are two major polypeptides on the surface of spotted fever group rickettsiae that play important roles as immunogens and possibly relate to the pathogenicity of rickettsial diseases. digestion with trypsin and staphylococcal v-8 protease shows that the 115-kda protein of rickettsia conorii is a trypsin-sensitive, surface-exposed protein. the 135-kda protein is relatively trypsin resistant. both proteins resist heat treatment up to 52 degrees c and maintain their antigenic reactivity with m ... | 1990 | 2378465 |
| prevalence and distribution of spotted fever and typhus infections in sierra leone and ivory coast. | a serosurvey for evidence of rickettsial infections was conducted in the rural populations of several tropical rain forest areas in sierra leone and ivory coast. seropositivity rates were surprisingly high in both countries, with more than 7% of the individuals in some districts having antibodies to spotted fever-group rickettsiae. no significant difference was found in the overall prevalence of diagnostic antibody titers to spotted fever-group rickettsiae in sierra leone (5.3%) and ivory coast ... | 1986 | 3025125 |
| ecological study of rocky mountain spotted fever in costa rica. | since rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) was recognized in costa rica, ecological studies have been undertaken to discern its distribution and the natural cycle of rickettsia rickettsii. the population of ticks parasitizing animals and vegetation was scarce. rickettsiae were not isolated from pools of ticks nor from spleens of the animals studied. however, the active circulation of rickettsiae was evidenced through the demonstration of spotted fever group antibodies in humans, dogs, and wild ra ... | 1986 | 3080917 |
| production and characterization of cloned t-cell hybridomas that are responsive to rickettsia conorii antigens. | t-cell hybridomas produced by the fusion of rickettsia conorii immune t cells to the akr thymoma bw 5147 produced interleukin-2 when stimulated with the antigens of three different r. conorii strains. one cloned hybridoma responded only to r. conorii antigens, whereas a second and third cloned hybridoma also responded to the antigens of rickettsia rickettsii sheila smith and rickettsia sibirica 246, respectively. antigen responses required antigen-presenting cells, and this interaction was major ... | 1986 | 3082761 |
| [serologic studies of spotted fever group rickettsiosis occurring in muroto-city, kochi prefecture]. | | 1986 | 3090165 |
| the distribution and dynamics of rickettsia in the tick population of ohio. | a five-year survey of ticks and associated rickettsia in ohio shows a partitioning of spotted fever group rickettsia (namely, rickettsia montana and r. rickettsii) into three areas of the state where the majority of human spotted fever cases occur. the percentage of ticks infected, even in areas with a high incidence of disease, is remarkably low, less than 1%. the statewide infection rate for r. bellii approaches 3%, and this organism appears to be more evenly distributed throughout the state. ... | 1990 | 2378449 |
| isolation of a spotted fever group rickettsia from a patient with febrile exanthematous illness in shikoku, japan. | | 1986 | 3553872 |
| prospective study on symptomatic versus asymptomatic infections and serological response to spotted fever group rickettsiae in two rural sites in the negev (southern israel). | | 1990 | 2378451 |
| antibodies to spotted fever-group rickettsiae in dogs in north carolina. | a seroepidemiologic survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies reactive with 4 spotted fever-group (sfg) rickettsiae in sera of dogs from various geographic regions in north carolina. serum specimens were obtained from 600 dogs, and antibody titers were determined, using microimmunofluorescence. data analysis (setting as the criterion for a positive result, a rickettsia rickettsii titer greater than or equal to 1:64) overestimated the actual prevalence of canine exposure to t ... | 1987 | 3118744 |
| comparative evaluation of the indirect immunoperoxidase test for the serodiagnosis of rickettsial disease. | an indirect immunoperoxidase test was compared with an indirect fluorescent antibody test and the weil-felix oxk test for serodiagnosis of scrub typhus by measuring the rickettsial antigen specific activity of igg, igm, and whole globulin. acute and convalescent sera from 50 rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolate-positive scrub typhus patients and from 45 febrile patients diagnosed as having diseases other than scrub typhus were tested. the receiver operating characteristic for each test showed that t ... | 1988 | 3128129 |
| clinical, hematologic, and humoral immune response in female dogs inoculated with rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsia montana. | female beagles were inoculated intradermally with a sublethal dose of rickettsia rickettsii and r montana. three dogs (group 1) were inoculated with 2 x 10(2) plaque-forming units (pfu) of r rickettsia and were treated with tetracycline beginning on postinoculation day (pid) 12; 3 dogs (group 2) were inoculated with 2 x 10(2) pfu of r rickettsii but were not treated; 3 dogs (group 3) were inoculated with 2 x 10(2) pfu of r montana. group-3 dogs failed to seroconvert and were inoculated a second ... | 1988 | 3128147 |
| a focus of rocky mountain spotted fever within new york city. | in the spring and summer of 1987, four persons acquired rocky mountain spotted fever within new york city, an area in which the disease had not previously been known to be endemic. three of the four patients were residents of the soundview area of the bronx. all diagnoses were confirmed by indirect fluorescent-antibody tests. environmental investigation revealed that the tick vector for rickettsia rickettsii, dermacentor variabilis, was present in a local park. of the 66 specimens of d. variabil ... | 1988 | 3130574 |
| antigenic polypeptides of israeli spotted fever isolates compared with other spotted fever group rickettsiae. | | 1990 | 2378464 |
| antibodies to ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia platys, and spotted fever group rickettsiae in louisiana dogs. | antibodies to ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia platys, and spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in sera from 27 ill individually owned thrombocytopenic dogs (platelet concentrations less than 200,000 platelets/microliters) and 59 healthy kenneled dogs located in southern louisiana. platelet concentrations less than 100,000 platelets/microliters were detected in 63% of ill thrombocytopenic dogs and 6.8% of healthy kennel dogs. one ill thrombocytopenic dog h ... | 1988 | 3146636 |
| mediterranean spotted fever in salamanca, spain. epidemiological study in patients and serosurvey in animals and healthy human population. | mediterranean spotted fever is a spotted fever group rickettsiosis caused by rickettsia conorii. the fever has a recognized incidence in large geographic areas, and its presence in salamanca province (spain) has been well documented since 1981. this work presents the results of the centralized prospective survey carried out in this area and was designed to study the epidemiological behavior of the disease and the prevalence of antibodies against r. conorii among animals and healthy human populat ... | 1989 | 2575869 |
| [the causative agent from a patient with spotted fever group rickettsiosis in tokushima, japan]. | | 1988 | 3148010 |
| rickettsioses of the spotted fever group around the world. | spotted fever group rickettsioses comprise rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia rickettsii), boutonneuse fever (r. conorii), north asian tick typhus (r. sibirica), queensland tick typhus (r. australis), rickettsialpox (r. akari), and oriental spotted fever (r. japonica). ticks or mites serve as the vector and reservoir hosts of the rickettsiae. these obligate intracellular bacteria invade vascular endothelial cells, which are damaged directly, causing increased vascular permeability. the ras ... | 1989 | 2677080 |
| acute febrile cerebrovasculitis. a non-spotted fever group rickettsial disease. | in december 1985, a patient was seen with an illness that was clinically compatible with the recently described clinical syndrome of acute febrile cerebrovasculitis, including fever, headache, altered mentation, multifocal neurologic signs, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. an extensive medical evaluation failed to reveal a cause, until, retrospectively, she was shown to have antibodies to rickettsia typhi. detailed serologic analysis with enzyme immunoassays and protein immunoblots indicated ... | 1989 | 2742443 |
| imported rickettsial african spotted fever in japan. | a 45-year-old japanese man developed a black eschar skin lesion and on the body, a number of erythematous seropapules 2 weeks after his return from south africa. within 24 h of treatment with minocycline he was afebrile and symptomatically much improved. serological tests showed increased antibody titres to spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr). from the clinical and serological findings we consider this patient to be the first in japan to have been infected with sfgr in africa. | 1989 | 2757933 |
| epidemiology of boutonneuse fever in western sicily: demonstration of multiple spotted fever group-rickettsiae subtypes. | electrophoretic analysis of the proteins and genomic dna of spotted fever-group rickettsiae isolated from ticks and a human in western sicily show that at least two distinct subtypes other than r. conorii are present in this region. all of the spotted fever-group isolates share common features with other, well-defined spotted fever-group rickettsial species, e.g. r. sibirica, thai tick typhus, and r. rickettsii. based on these data, caution is recommended when identifying species by the more tra ... | 1989 | 2779456 |
| barbash strain spotted fever group rickettsia is a strain of rickettsia conorii and differs from rickettsia sibirica. | the barbash strain of spotted fever group rickettsia was reexamined in this study by the microimmunofluorescence test with mouse antisera and with monoclonal antibodies. protein immunoblotting was performed for comparison of purified antigens of r. rickettsii, r. sibirica, r. conorii and barbash strain. comparison of barbash strain, r. rickettsii (sheila smith strain), r. conorii (malish 7 strain), and r. sibirica (strains 232, 246 and jinghe-74) of the spotted fever group in the microimmunofluo ... | 1987 | 2894143 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha and prostaglandin e2 production by human monocyte-derived macrophages infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae. | infection of macrophages by intracellular parasites might modulate production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and prostaglandin e2 (pge2), which, in turn, might have a profound effect on the outcome of the infection in vivo. in this study we examined in an in vitro system, the rickettsial yield in human monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) and the pge2 and tnf production by mdm infected with rickettsia conorii rc, casablanca strain) or israeli spotted fever (isf, g-212 strain). tnf and pge2 were de ... | 1990 | 2378446 |
| rickettsia in texas. | since the first reported case in 1941, rocky mountain spotted fever in humans has been reported from many areas of texas, with two major foci, one located in the north-central region and the other in the eastern region of the state. during the period 1979-1988, 421 cases of rmsf were reported, reaching 108 cases in 1983 and declining in subsequent years. statewide surveillance programs to detect spotted fever group rickettsiae in tick populations were initiated in 1976. in recent years, the sfg ... | 1990 | 2378448 |
| ultrastructural study on japanese isolates of spotted fever group rickettsiae. | japanese isolates of spotted fever group rickettsiae were observed under a transmission electron microscope. in vero cells persistently infected with japanese isolates, small numbers of intracytoplasmic rickettsiae were seen. on the other hand, moderate numbers of rickettsiae were found in the cytoplasm of productively infected bhk cells. the electron-lucent, halo-like zone was found to surround organisms in the cytoplasm of their host cells, which is a prominent characteristic of spotted fever ... | 1988 | 3221801 |
| occurrence of rickettsiosis of spotted fever group in chiba prefecture of japan. | acute- and convalescent-phase sera were obtained from a patient with suspected tsutsugamushi disease in july 1987, in amatsukominato located in the southeastern area of chiba prefecture, and showed negative serologic reactions with rickettsia tsutsugamushi, while the convalescent-phase serum reacted positively with r. montana and a japanese isolate of spotted fever group rickettsia at igm and igg titers of 1:320 and 1:640, respectively, in the indirect immunofluorescence test. these findings sho ... | 1988 | 3241460 |
| isolation of a spotted fever group rickettsia from a patient and related ecologic investigations in xinjiang uygur autonomous region of china. | investigation of patients, healthy persons, and ticks in jinghe county, xinjiang uygur autonomous region, people's republic of china, for evidence of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiosis demonstrated strong evidence for a high prevalence of pathogenic sfg rickettsiae. antibodies to sfg rickettsiae were detected in 62.5% of healthy subjects tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 20% tested by complement fixation test. two febrile patients were documented as having acute spotted fever ... | 1987 | 3571471 |
| epidemiology and ecology of rickettsial diseases in the people's republic of china. | since 1949, information on rickettsial diseases in the people's republic of china has been virtually nonexistent in the west. this is the first comprehensive review of the ecology and epidemiology of chinese rickettsial diseases to be published outside the people's republic. at least five rickettsioses exist in china: scrub typhus, murine typhus, epidemic typhus, q fever, and one or more spotted fever-group (sfg) rickettsioses. although epidemic typhus has been controlled and scrub typhus has ab ... | 1987 | 3326129 |
| isolation of spotted fever group rickettsiae from humans in japan. | | 1988 | 3411156 |
| evidence for infection caused by spotted fever group rickettsia in kyushu, japan. | of 50 cases that gave negative immunofluorescence reaction with rickettsia tsutsugamushi among patients with suspected tsutsugamushi disease encountered in miyazaki prefecture during the last four years, three showed a significant rise in the antibody titer to rickettsia montana, a species of spotted fever group. this paper reports evidence for the occurrence of the rickettsial infection of the spotted fever group in kyushu, japan. | 1987 | 3430820 |
| epidemiology of boutonneuse fever in western sicily. distribution and prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsial infection in dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus). | the distribution and prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsial infection in the ixodid dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus were found to occur at a rate of 19.7% with variation related to geographic and sociooccupational factors. a higher rate of infection was demonstrated in ticks removed from dogs associated with documented cases of boutonneuse fever. the results fit into available clinical and seroepidemiologic data on rickettsia conorii infection in western sicily. | 1986 | 3513550 |
| rickettsial and serologic evidence for prevalent spotted fever rickettsiosis in inner mongolia. | a field study in northeastern inner mongolia, people's republic of china, in june of 1985 demonstrated a spotted fever group rickettsiosis. two strains of spotted fever group rickettsiae were isolated. one strain was obtained from the blood of a patient with an eschar, regional lymphadenopathy, and history of a recent tick bite. the other strain originated from ova of ticks, dermacentor nuttalli. these represent the second isolate of a spotted fever group rickettsia from a human and the first is ... | 1987 | 3578658 |
| [rickettsiosis of spotted fever group encountered in muroto area of shikoku, japan--clinical and epidemiological features of 23 cases]. | | 1988 | 3143786 |
| immunofluorescence test with rickettsia montana for serologic diagnosis of rickettsial infection of the spotted fever group in shikoku, japan. | | 1986 | 3540537 |
| identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae from human and tick sources in the people's republic of china. | | 1987 | 3305723 |
| familial cases of boutonneuse fever. | pairs of cases of boutonneuse fever (bf) occurred in three families. the illness appeared almost simultaneously in both members of each family, but was generally more serious in one as judged by clinical and laboratory parameters. the possibility of a "bed rickettsiosis", that is reactivation of rickettsiae by the blood meal obtained from the first individual by the same tick which fed upon the second individual, could be excluded in two of the three pairs of cases. in only one of the case pairs ... | 1987 | 3691750 |
| widespread, simultaneous increase in the incidence of spotted fever group rickettsioses. | | 1986 | 3755454 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae). | | 1986 | 3772952 |
| analysis of t-cell-dependent and -independent antigens of rickettsia conorii with monoclonal antibodies. | four monoclonal antibodies from euthymic mice and two monoclonal antibodies from athymic mice were directed against antigens of rickettsia conorii, as shown by both indirect immunofluorescence and an enzyme immunoassay. there was extensive cross-reactivity with other spotted fever group rickettsiae. euthymic monoclonal antibodies 3-2 and 9-2 (immunoglobulin g2a [igg2a]) and 27-10 (igg1) distinctly outlined the acetone-fixed rickettsial surface, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence; only ... | 1987 | 3793235 |
| rickettsiae of the spotted fever group in dog fleas (ctenocephalides spp.) in western sicily. | | 1989 | 2604471 |
| rickettsia-like organisms in ticks and antibodies to spotted fever-group rickettsiae in mammals from northern mississippi. | studies were conducted from april through august during 1974 and 1975 on 30 randomly selected trapping sites in wall doxey state park, holly springs national forest, and 1.6 km south of the park in marshall county, mississippi to provide information on the occurrence of ticks involved in the maintenance and transmission of spotted fever-group rickettsiae in nature. of 365 animals (14 species) collected, 186 (51%) were parasitized by 4,169 ticks. species of ticks collected included: dermacentor v ... | 1985 | 3923212 |
| [preliminary studies on the occurrence of rickettsiae of the spotted fever group in rhipicephalus sanguineus captured in suburban areas]. | in the urban periphery of rome, two sub-zones could be distinguished, characterized by uncultivated steppeland and by small shacks with large quantities of domestic refuse, respectively. rhipicephalus sanguineus appeared to be typical of this second sub-zone. r. sanguineus adults and nymphae were captured in different seasonal periods and were checked for the prevalence of rickettsiae of the spotted fever (sf) group. moreover, larvae from hatched eggs, laid by captured r. sanguineus females, wer ... | 1985 | 3924079 |
| isolation on "vero" cells of a spotted fever group rickettsia "mortilli strain" from rhipicephalus sanguineus. | the isolation of a spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia "mortilli strain" from brown dog ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus removed from dogs associated with a confirmed case of boutonneuse fever (bf) in a site of a western sicily is reported. the need is stressed for isolation and adaption on cell cultures of sfg rickettsial strains for analysis of antigenic structure employing modern methodology. | 1986 | 3792517 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiosis in japan. | the acute febrile disease with characteristic rash encountered in tokushima prefecture was proved to be a spotted fever group rickettsiosis, which showed a significant rise in agglutinins to both proteus ox2 and ox19 and significantly high levels of cf antibodies to rickettsia akari and rickettsia rickettsii. | 1985 | 3934436 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in immature and adult ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a focus of rocky mountain spotted fever in connecticut. | immature and adult ixodid ticks were collected during 1983 and 1984 in newtown, connecticut, an area endemic for rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), to determine prevalence of infection by spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. direct fluorescent-antibody (fa) staining revealed sfg organisms in 6 (1.8%) of 332 dermacentor variabilis larvae, 5 (7.8%) of 64 d. variabilis nymphs, and in 2 (40%) of 5 ixodes cookei nymphs removed from small- and medium-sized mammals. hemolymph tests detected rickett ... | 1985 | 3938341 |
| epidemiology of boutonneuse fever in western sicily: isolation of spotted fever group rickettsiae from rhipicephalus sanguineus (fam. ixodidae). | spotted fever group rickettsiae were isolated from dog ticks (r. sanguineus) removed from dogs in different areas of western sicily. | 1986 | 3951368 |
| canine rocky mountain spotted fever: a kennel epizootic. | within a period of 5 consecutive days after the initial observation of illness was made, 7 of 12 siberian husky dogs developed clinical signs of rickettsia rickettsii infection. one dog died and was necropsied. clinical signs of infection consisted of lethargy, anorexia, ocular and nasal discharges, and neurologic disorder (incoordination and rolling). scleral blood vessel injection, fever, lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and increased bronchovesicular lung sounds were prominent findings. clinic ... | 1985 | 4062017 |
| localization of coxiella burneti and rickettsiae of the rocky mountain spotted fever group in ticks. | | 1972 | 4110513 |
| [serological approach to the occurrence of rickettsioses in the central african republic]. | a serosurvey for evidence of human rickettsial infections was carried out in the republic of central africa on 144 sera by indirect immunofluorescence (iif) and microagglutination tests (ma). there was no serological evidence of epidemic typhus and only two sera were positive for murine typhus. approximately 15% of the surveyed population was serologically positive by ma for r. conorii antibodies. however, 48% of this population had spotted fever group antibodies as detected by iif but were nega ... | 1985 | 3896545 |
| a search for the epidemic typhus agent in ethiopian ticks. | the presence of antibodies to rickettsia prowazeki in domestic animals from several parts of africa, and the isolation of this rickettsia from the blood of goats and sheep and from ticks off cattle or camels in ethiopia, led to the hypothesis that r. prowazeki in nature may occur in an extrahuman cycle involving ticks and domestic animals. this study attempted to recover r. prowazeki from 2 624 ticks (4 genera, 10 species) collected in central and southern ethiopia. the ticks were examined by th ... | 1973 | 4204491 |
| the isolation of strains of rickettsiae of the spotted fever group in israel and their differentiation from other members of the group by immunofluorescence methods. | | 1974 | 4208205 |
| plaque assay of rickettsiae in a mammalian cell line. | clear-cut and repeatable plaque assays were obtained for three rickettsiae of the spotted fever group (rickettsia rickettsi, r. conori, and r. montana) in vero cells used in a manner similar to that for arboviruses. in addition, three typhus group agents (r. typhi, r. canada, r. prowazeki) induced plaques in these cells. in preliminary tests coxiella burneti (nine mile strain) failed to produce plaques. comparable results were obtained in plastic flasks and plastic culture trays incubated in amb ... | 1974 | 4208640 |
| two strains of rickettsiae of rocky mountain spotted fever group recovered from dermacentor marginatus ticks in czechoslovakia. results of preliminary serological identification. | | 1969 | 4389040 |
| tick-borne rickettsiae of the spotted fever group in west pakistan. ii. serological classification of isolates from west pakistan and thailand: evidence for two new species. | | 1973 | 4734280 |
| tick-borne rickttsiae of the spotted fever group in west pakistan. i. isolation of strains from ticks in different habitats. | | 1970 | 5536972 |
| rickettsiosis in japan. | the rickettsial diseases of man in japan include tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus), murine typhus, which occurs sporadically, and one of spotted fever group diseases, recognized as a new entity since 1984. starting from 1976, there has been a remarkable resurgence in the number of reported cases of tsutsugamushi disease in japan after several years of virtual absence, and endemics are still continuing after reaching a prominent outbreak in 1984. its yearly incidences from 1982 to 1986 were 53 ... | 1988 | 3210342 |
| susceptibility of small mammals to nonvirulent spotted fever group rickettsiae. | | 1985 | 3838556 |
| injury restricted to cells infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae in parabiotic chambers. | one chamber of paired parabiotic chambers separated by 0.2 micron poresized membrane filters which prevented passage of rickettsiae were infected with either rickettsia rickettsii or r. conorii. infected vero cell monolayers underwent necrosis. uninfected monolayers in adjoining chambers which shared the same extracellular milieu including soluble rickettsial products did not undergo necrosis. | 1984 | 6152112 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to rickettsia rickettsii. | five mouse ascitic fluids (mafs) containing monoclonal antibody to rickettsia rickettsii were produced from three original fusions by murine hybridoma technology. the five mafs were fractionated and purified; each contained monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin g2a subclass. each monoclonal antibody-containing maf was titrated by indirect immunofluorescence against three r. rickettsii isolates from humans and four other spotted fever group rickettsiae. each maf was also titrated in the compl ... | 1984 | 6209219 |
| demonstration of spotted fever group rickettsiae in the tache noire of a healthy person in sicily. | a human case of rickettsial infection occurred in sicily following tick bite. the patient did not have fever, the typical nodular rash, or other symptoms of illness other than development of a tache noire containing spotted fever group rickettsiae, which were demonstrated by immunofluorescence. a high titer of antibodies of the igg class suggests that the patient may have had previous exposure to rickettsia conorii or a related spotted fever group rickettsia. an anamnestic response may be hypoth ... | 1984 | 6375408 |
| biological properties of rabbit antibodies to a surface antigen of rickettsia rickettsii. | because of the potential significance of external components of the obligate intracellular parasite rickettsia rickettsii in host-parasite interactions, we have begun the first phase of a study to isolate and characterize surface antigens of this organism. an antiserum to a rickettsial surface component was obtained from rabbits inoculated with immune precipitates prepared by crossed immunoelectrophoresis of triton x-100 extracts of r. rickettsii strain r. this antiserum (i) protected guinea pig ... | 1983 | 6403467 |
| [survey of natural infection of ticks with rickettsia of the spotted fever group in the northwestern section of xinjiang province]. | | 1983 | 6411346 |
| rickettsial antibody prevalence in southern israel: igg antibodies to coxiella burnetii, rickettsia typhi, and spotted fever group rickettsiae among urban- and rural-dwelling and bedouin women. | a retrospective serological survey was carried out using sera obtained from women at childbirth in the southern desert region of israel to determine exposure experience to three rickettsial agents: coxiella burnetii, rickettsia typhi, and spotted fever group rickettsiae. using the indirect fluorescent antibody method for determining igg antibodies, it was found that about 40% of all sera examined demonstrated antibodies to one or more rickettsiae. bedouin women appeared to be at greater risk of ... | 1983 | 6418016 |
| [evaluation of weil-felix test results by comparing the agglutinability of proteus ox2 and ox19 commercial antigens: basis for the presumption of a spotted fever group rickettsiosis]. | | 1985 | 3938464 |
| sexual transmission of spotted fever group rickettsiae by infected male ticks: detection of rickettsiae in immature spermatozoa of ixodes ricinus. | electron microscopic evidence is provided showing that the newly described "swiss agent," a spotted fever group rickettsia, is incorporated into the reproductive cells of its male tick vector, ixodes ricinus. rickettsiae were found in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and maturing spermatids. the potential significance of these observations is briefly discussed in relation to published data on sexual transmission of rickettsiae by ticks. | 1980 | 7380544 |
| [the first report of the rickettsial infections of spotted fever group in japan: three clinical cases]. | | 1985 | 3938467 |
| rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsia montana from ixodid ticks in connecticut. | dermacentor variabilis, infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae, parasitized 8 of 70 raccoons captured in newtown, connecticut. the spotted fever agent, rickettsia rickettsii, was isolated and identified from 4 adult d. variabilis and from 1 nymphal ixodes texanus removed from raccoons. this verifies the presence of this etiologic agent in ticks in an area where 6 people had clinical signs and symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) and antibodies to r. rickettsii. these are the fi ... | 1986 | 3946737 |
| cross-reactive lymphocyte responses and protective immunity against other spotted fever group rickettsiae in mice immunized with rickettsia conorii. | lymphocyte proliferation in response to antigens on spotted fever group rickettsiae was used as a method to investigate the group-specific protective immunity to rechallenge characteristic of this group of rickettsiae at the t-cell receptor level. spleen cells from rickettsia conorii-immune c3h/hej mice proliferated in response to r. rickettsii sheila smith, r. sibirica 246, r. australis, and all tested strains of r. conorii (casablanca, moroccan, and malish). spleen cells from these mice, howev ... | 1986 | 3949382 |
| the pathogenesis of the vascular lesions in experimental rickettsial disease of the guinea pig (rocky mountain spotted fever group). a light, immunofluorescent and electron microscopic study. | | 1973 | 4119475 |
| a rickettsia-like organism showing positive immunofluorescence with antisera to coxiella burnetii in haemaphysalis inermis ticks. | a rickettsia-like organism (rlo) was detected in the oocytes of haemaphysalis inermis ticks. the rlos were about 5 microns long bent rods with a definite inner structure. they were gram-negative and could be visualized by giemsa but not by gimenez staining. attempts to cultivate the rlo in chick embryo yolk sacs, various types of cell culture and tick body cavities were unsuccessful. the rlo displayed a bright immunofluorescence with antisera to coxiella burnetii, but no immunofluorescence was o ... | 1981 | 6118050 |
| spotted fever and murine typhus in the negev desert region of israel, 1981. | during 1981, 52 cases of rickettsiosis caused by the spotted fever group of rickettsiae were reported in a population of 250 000 living in the negev desert region of israel. retrospectively, at least 5 of these cases were serologically shown to have been caused by rickettsia typhi, the agent of murine typhus. most cases of rickettsial disease occurred in the summer months and one half of all cases occurred in children aged 9 years or less. while the specificity of a physician's diagnosis of the ... | 1984 | 6610498 |
| properties of selected rickettsiae of the spotted fever group. | eight strains of spotted fever group rickettsiae were studied to gain insight into the extent of variation of their properties. two standard strains of rickettsia rickettsii and one strain of rickettsia conorii were included among the eight for comparison. the molar percentage of guanine plus cytosine for each strain did not differ significantly from that for r. rickettsii, 32.6 +/- 0.7%. two strains caused extended fever in guinea pigs, one strain caused fever of short duration, and the other s ... | 1980 | 6769801 |
| development and characterization of high-titered, group-specific fluorescent-antibody reagents for direct identification of rickettsiae in clinical specimens. | rabbits were inoculated with purified antigen preparations of coxiella burnetii and representative species of the spotted fever and typhus groups of rickettsiae. their antibody responses were monitored by complement fixation tests; high-titered antisera were fractionated with ammonium sulfate and then labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate by the dialysis method. the conjugates had homologous 3+ staining titers of 1:256 to 1:2,048 and did not exhibit nonspecific staining. the rickettsia rickett ... | 1980 | 6769955 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in dermacentor variabilis from cape cod, massachusetts. | spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae were identified by indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests in 1.1% of 6,956 specimens of dermacentor variabilis collected on cape cod, massachusetts. forty-one of 45 rickettsial isolates were serotyped as rickettsia montana, one as rickettsia rickettsii, and three were unidentified. studies of canines and humans with clinical evidence of spotted fever, and of healthy dogs with antibody to sfg rickettsiae, indicated that exposure of the canine population to ... | 1980 | 6773430 |
| serological evidence of infection by spotted fever group rickettsiae in karnataka state. | | 1980 | 6780455 |
| serotypes of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from dermacentor andersoni (stiles) ticks in western montana. | adult dermacentor andersoni ticks were collected by flagging vegetation in 18 canyons bordering the bitterroot valley, montana, an area where nearly 400 cases of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) have occurred since 1900. three hundred and nine (8.3%) of the 3,705 ticks collected contained hemocyte-associated rickettsia-like organisms of three morphologic types, coccobacillary, fine bacillary, and coarse bacillary (long forms). only the coccobacillary and fine bacillary organisms stained with ... | 1981 | 6782899 |
| endemicity of spotted fever group rickettsiae in connecticut. | to compare rickettsial infectivity and seropositivity rates against spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae, ticks and wild mammals were collected from three areas where rickettsia rickettsii was thought to be enzootic in connecticut during 1978-1979, and from four additional sites (with no reported human cases) between 1976 and 1979. of the 1,001 dermacentor variabilis examined by the hemolymph test, 59 (5.9%) contained rickettsia-like organisms; direct immunofluorescence tests verified the prese ... | 1981 | 6789690 |
| serotypes of tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsiae from western california. | a rickettsial survey of ixodid ticks known to bite man was conducted in 1979 in four coastal counties of california to obtain isolates from tick species that might be involved in the transmission of spotted fever-like illnesses, and to examine serologic characteristics of the rickettsiae relative to defined members of the spotted fever group (sfg). one hundred and seventy (19.4%) of 877 ticks comprising three species were shown by hemolymph test to harbor rickettsia-like organisms. a total of 85 ... | 1981 | 6789691 |
| glomerular response in human and experimental rickettsial disease (rocky mountain spotted fever group). a light and electron microscopy study. | | 1968 | 5684481 |
| the occurrence of the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latr. 1806), a possible vector of the spotted fever group rickettsiae, on sheep in the negev region in israel. | | 1984 | 6546817 |
| [epidemiological survey in a natural focus of rickettsia transmitted by ixodes ricinus in switzerland (author's transl)]. | a spotted fever group rickettsia referred to as "swiss agent" was detected in 8.5% of ixodes ricinus collected in a marshy forest of the swiss plateau. this organism, in its tick vector, was found to be transmitted stadially as well as ovarially; of 433 larval, nymphal or adult ticks from 17 parental tick females, all were infected. a total of 3,612 larval i. ricinus were collected from 168 small mammals including 127 clethrionomys glareolus, 29 apodemus sylvaticus and flavicolis, 7 microtus agr ... | 1981 | 7020557 |
| natural occurrence of spotted fever group rickettsiae in the dog flea ctenocephalides canis in karnataka. | | 1980 | 7191408 |
| ecology of tick-borne agents in california. i. spotted fever group rickettsiae. | | 1981 | 7212168 |
| importation into the united states from africa of rhipicephalus simus on a boutonneuse fever patient. | rhipicephalus simus koch was removed from a human upon his return to connecticut, u.s.a. from kenya, africa. this person became ill in africa, exhibited clinical manifestations of boutonneuse fever and had a significant rise (greater than or equal to 8-fold) in igm titer against spotted fever-group rickettsiae. rickettsia conorii was probably the infectious agent. | 1981 | 7258502 |
| purification of rickettsial cultures contaminated by mycoplasmas. | an experimental biological model is proposed for purification of rickettsiae-infected cell cultures from mycoplasma contamination using intravenous mouse infection and subsequent passages on vero cell monolayers. mycoplasma-free rickettsial cultures were obtained in mouse brain or spleen suspension within 3 hrs or 3 days, respectively, after mouse inoculation. ten strains of spotted fever group rickettsiae were purified from mycoplasmas by this procedure. | 1994 | 7879714 |
| rickettsialpox: report of an outbreak and a contemporary review. | rickettsialpox is a mild illness characterized by the appearance of a primary eschar at the site of a mite bite followed by fever, headache, and a papulovesicular rash. it can be confused with a variety of illnesses including several other rickettsial diseases and chickenpox. r. akari, the etiologic agent, is a rickettsia belonging to the spotted fever group (sfg) of rickettsial illnesses. in spite of significant serologic cross-reactivity with other sfg agents, there is no convincing evidence o ... | 1981 | 7278620 |
| rocky mountain spotted fever in clermont county, ohio. ii. distribution of population and infected ticks in an endemic area. | the epidemiology of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) in relation to the distribution of the human population and infected ticks has not been defined. a study was undertaken in clermont county, ohio, to describe the distribution of population in a highly endemic focus of rmsf and to determine the prevalence of ticks infected with rickettsiae of the spotted fever group. this area was compared to another area of similar size in the same county where the incidence of rmsf was much lower. the popu ... | 1980 | 7352458 |
| susceptibility of inbred mice to rickettsiae of the spotted fever group. | a mouse strain susceptible to lethal infection with rickettsia conorii was required for testing vaccine efficacy and for studying the immunology and pathogenesis of infection. among 20 strains of inbred mice inoculated intraperitoneally with the malish strain of r. conorii, the c3h/hej mouse strain was the most susceptible, with a 50% lethal dose of approximately 10 pfu. infection of all mouse strains resulted in a measurable antibody response; the highest titers correlated with the greatest deg ... | 1984 | 6418657 |
| rocky mountain spotted fever vaccine: a regional need. | because the killed rickettsia vaccines have failed to provide protection against rocky mountain spotted fever, we approached the problem of protective immunity to rickettsia rickettsii with a closely related, live, less pathogenic spotted fever rickettsia. guinea pigs vaccinated with r conorii produced antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae and did not have fever or other signs of illness after challenge with r rickettsii. a vaccine against rocky mountain spotted fever would be useful in ... | 1984 | 6424239 |
| epidemiology of rocky mountain spotted fever in ohio, 1981: serologic evaluation of canines and rickettsial isolation from ticks associated with human case exposure sites. | a survey for the prevalence of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) antibodies in dogs associated with confirmed human cases in ohio was conducted during 1981. twelve of 14 confirmed cases (85%) had a history of dog association prior to onset of rmsf. a total of 29 dogs were included in the study, with 16 dogs providing serum samples for antibody testing and the remainder providing tick samples. serum samples tested by indirect microimmunofluorescence techniques revealed 12/16 dogs (75%) to be se ... | 1984 | 6435461 |