Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| mfasat: a new alphoid dna sequence isolated from macaca fascicularis (cercopithecidae, primates). | a new highly repeated dna fragment isolated from macaca fascicularis (mfasat) is described. our findings obtained by sequencing, southern blot analysis, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) on metaphasic chromosomes strongly suggest that mfasat can be considered as a member of the alphoid dna family characteristic of old world monkeys. the chromosomal localization of mfasat, obtained by fish, showed that this alphoid dna is present in the peri-centromeric area of all the chromosomes. mfa ... | 1999 | 10659771 |
| myoclonia in papio papio: are they all "epileptic"? | 2000 | 10709213 | |
| perception of partly occluded figures by baboons (papio papio). | comparative literature provides conflicting findings whether animals experience amodal completion. five experiments were conducted to verify if baboons perceive partly occluded objects as complete. the first three experiments used a go/no-go procedure and a video monitor for stimulus presentation. these experiments failed to reveal amodal completion, suggesting that the stimuli were processed as 2-d images rather than 3-d objects. in contrast, completion was demonstrated in a fourth experiment w ... | 2000 | 11257971 |
| same-different conceptualization by baboons (papio papio): the role of entropy. | the authors trained 6 baboons (papio papio) to make 1 of 2 report responses to 16-icon same arrays versus 16-icon different arrays. in the same arrays, the icons were all the same as one another, whereas in the different arrays the icons were all different from one another. in experiment 1, the baboons discriminated the same arrays from the different arrays, and they transferred their discriminative responding to arrays of novel icons. in experiments 2 and 3, the baboons exhibited strong sensiti ... | 2001 | 11334218 |
| synthetic peptide strategy for the detection of and discrimination among highly divergent primate lentiviruses. | we developed a simple, rapid, inexpensive, and highly sensitive and specific strategy for the detection and lineage differentiation of primate lentiviruses (piv-elisa). it is based on the use of two indirect elisa methods using synthetic peptides mapping the gp41/36 region (detection component) and the v3 region (differentiation component) of four lentivirus lineages, namely sivcpz/hiv-1 (groups m, o, n, and sivcpz-gab), sivmnd, sivagm, and sivsm/sivmac/hiv-2. this strategy was evaluated with pa ... | 2001 | 11461679 |
| discriminating the relation between relations: the role of entropy in abstract conceptualization by baboons (papio papio) and humans (homo sapiens). | two baboons (papio papio) successfully learned relational matching-to-sample: they picked the choice display that involved the same relation among 16 pictures (same or different) as the sample display, although the sample display shared no pictures with the choice displays. the baboons generalized relational matching behavior to sample displays created from novel pictures. further experiments varying the number of sample pictures and the mixture of same and different sample pictures suggested th ... | 2001 | 11676083 |
| perception of the corridor illusion by baboons (papio papio). | the corridor illusion was assessed in four baboons (papio papio) by way of judgmental task implying a comparison between the size of two figures presented on various backgrounds. findings demonstrate that the baboons are sensitive to the corridor illusion. | 2002 | 11853864 |
| perception of pictorial eye gaze by baboons (papio papio). | pictorial faces looking left or right were presented to baboons (papio papio) before the display of a target letter in the left or right hemifield of a monitor screen. baboons had to provide go or no-go responses taking into account the identity of the target letter. the 1st 6 experiments showed no reliable effect of eye gaze on discrimination speed, using either schematic gazes or pictures of real gazes. experiment 7 showed that eye gazes facilitated target processing when eye cues were perfect ... | 2002 | 12136705 |
| preliminary lack of evidence for simian odour preferences of savanna populations of anopheles gambiae and other malaria vectors. | the behavioural response to several culicine and anopheline mosquitoes to the odour of alternative hosts (human vs monkey) arranged in a choice set-up using odour-baited entry traps (obets) was assessed in a field experiment in south-eastern senegal. the experimental protocol followed procedures analogous to those adopted in olfactometer laboratory tests. two adult cercopithecus aethiops and a child of similar mass slept inside separate tents and their odours were drawn to each one of two paired ... | 2001 | 12402527 |
| divergent simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (stlv-3) in wild-caught papio hamadryas papio from senegal: widespread distribution of stlv-3 in africa. | among eight samples obtained from a french primatology research center, six adult guinea baboons (papio hamadryas papio), caught in the wild in senegal, had a peculiar human t-cell leukemia virus type 2 (htlv-2)-like western blot seroreactivity (p24(+), gd21(+), k55(+/-)). partial sequence analyses of the tax genes (433 bp) indicated that these baboons were infected by a novel divergent simian t-cell lymphotropic virus (stlv). analyses of the complete proviral sequence (8,892 bp) for one of thes ... | 2003 | 12477886 |
| [presence of anti-a or anti-b agglutinins in serums of monkeys papio papio desm]. | 1956 | 13302881 | |
| natural infection of the african baboon papio papio with the large-cell form of histoplasma. | 1960 | 13782724 | |
| [on the chromosomes of cercopithecidae papio-papio, macaca mulatta, cercopithecus aethiops, erythrocebus patas]. | 1964 | 14210582 | |
| [chromosome study of the monkey, papio papio]. | 1964 | 14228194 | |
| [the motor area of the brain cortex in rhesus; papio strepitus and papio papio]. | 1950 | 14800367 | |
| investigations on the brain weight of the baboon (papio papio desm.). | 1952 | 14907917 | |
| observations of spinal nerve root transplantation in the male guinea baboon. | 1952 | 14953143 | |
| relative digit lengths and testosterone levels in guinea baboons. | a growing body of literature suggests that the ratio of the lengths of the second to fourth digits (2d:4d) on human hands is sexually dimorphic and associated with prenatal exposure to gonadal hormones, circulating serum testosterone, and a number of psychological and behavioral measures. little research has investigated digit ratios in nonhuman species. in the present study, we investigated sex differences in digit ratios and their possible association with serum testosterone in a captive group ... | 2004 | 15053945 |
| hemispheric lateralisation and global precedence effects in the processing of visual stimuli by humans and baboons (papio papio). | this paper examines the effect of global precedence (gpe: navon, 1977) and its lateralisation from a comparative perspective. using a divided field matching-to-sample task with compound stimuli, experiment 1 demonstrated consistent patterns of lateralisation in humans and baboons, corresponding to a right-hemisphere advantage for global processing and a left- but nonsignificant advantage for local processing. species differences emerged in terms of gpe; humans showed a global precedence effect, ... | 1997 | 15513066 |
| amodal completion by baboons (papio papio): contribution of background depth cues. | four baboons (papio papio) were tested in a computerized two-alternative forced choice task in which partially occluded graphic stimuli were shown either on linear perspective backgrounds depicting a corridor or on uniformly black backgrounds. the results indicated that baboons complete partly occluded stimuli and that amodal completion is facilitated by the display of pictorial background depth cues. inter-individual differences emerged in the ability to extrapolate three-dimensional informatio ... | 2006 | 16568234 |
| co-localization of glycine and gaba immunoreactivity in interneurons in macaca monkey cerebellar cortex. | previous work demonstrates that the cerebellum uses glycine as a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter [ottersen op, davanger s, storm-mathisen j (1987) glycine-like immunoreactivity in the cerebellum of rat and senegalese baboon, papio papio: a comparison with the distribution of gaba-like immunoreactivity and with [3h]glycine and [3h]gaba uptake. exp brain res 66(1):211-221; ottersen op, storm-mathisen j, somogyi p (1988) colocalization of glycine-like and gaba-like immunoreactivities in golgi cell ... | 2006 | 16784818 |
| pictorial gaze cues do not enhance long-tailed macaques' performance on a computerised object-location task. | the perception of pictorial gaze cues was examined in long-tailed macaques (macaca fascicularis). a computerised object-location task was used to explore whether the monkeys would show faster response time to locate a target when its appearance was preceded with congruent as opposed to incongruent gaze cues. despite existing evidence that macaques preferentially attend to the eyes in facial images and also visually orient with depicted gaze cues, the monkeys did not show faster response times on ... | 2006 | 16962253 |
| one-male harems and female social dynamics in guinea baboons. | little is known about the mating system and social organization of guinea baboons. this study investigated whether guinea baboons have a harem-based mating system similar to that of hamadryas and gelada baboons and whether one-male mating units also correspond to social units. ten adult females in a captive multi-male multi-female group of guinea baboons were focally observed 2 h per week for 12 weeks, and all observed copulations within the group were recorded. some males copulated with a singl ... | 2007 | 17170557 |
| control of the corridor illusion in baboons (papio papio) by gradient and linear-perspective depth cues. | the corridor illusion was recently demonstrated in baboons with background pictures containing rich depth information (barbet and fagot 2002, behavioural brain research 132 111-115). in the current research we determined the contribution of gradient texture and perspective lines to that illusion. in experiment 1, the corridor illusion was tested in two baboons, with pictures of a hallway as backgrounds, or the same image of the hallway represented by perspective lines. findings confirmed that th ... | 2007 | 17455754 |
| physiologic effects of simulated + gx orbital reentry in primate models of hemorrhagic shock. | while the physiologic effects of space travel are documented in healthy individuals, little is known about its impact on medically ill or injured persons. in this study, hemorrhagic shock in primates was used to model a potentially common pathophysiologic condition during exposure to gravitational forces simulating return from earth orbit. this experiment did not model the effects of cardiovascular deconditioning that normally occur during spaceflight. | 2007 | 17511295 |
| processing of biological motion point-light displays by baboons (papio papio). | humans apply complex conceptual judgments to point-light displays (plds) representing biological motion (bm), but how animals process this kind of display remains uncertain. four baboons (papio papio) were trained to discriminate bm from nonbiological motion plds using an operant computerized test system. transfer tests were given after training with novel bm stimuli representing humans or baboons (experiment 1), with inverted plds (experiment 2), and with bm stimuli in which body parts had been ... | 2007 | 17924787 |
| baboons (papio papio) spontaneously process the first-order but not second-order configural properties of faces. | a two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task was used to assess whether baboons (n=7) spontaneously process qualitative (i.e., first-order) or quantitative (i.e., second-order) variations in the configural arrangement of facial features. experiment 1 used as test stimuli second-order pictorial faces of humans or baboons in which the mouth and the eyes were rotated upside down relative to the normal face. baboons readily discriminated two different normal faces but did not discriminate a n ... | 2008 | 18027865 |
| comparison of grouping abilities in humans (homo sapiens) and baboons (papio papio) with the ebbinghaus illusion. | this research comparatively assessed grouping mechanisms of humans (n = 8) and baboons (n = 8) in an illusory task that employs configurations of target and surrounding circles arranged to induce the ebbinghaus (titchener) illusion. analyses of response behaviors and points of subjective equality demonstrated that only humans misjudged the central target size under the influence of the ebbinghaus illusion, whereas baboons expressed a more veridical perception of target sizes. it is argued that h ... | 2007 | 18085924 |
| pseudotuberculosis of the cynocephalic monkey, papio papio desm. with bacillus of malassez and vignal. | 1949 | 18120589 | |
| [photosensitive epilepsy in papio papio. a model of photosensitive epilepsy in humans]. | 1973 | 18847049 | |
| concept of uprightness in baboons: assessment with pictures of realistic scenes. | how nonhuman primates process pictures of natural scenes or objects remains a matter of debates. this issue was addressed in the current research by questioning the processing of the canonical orientation of pictures in baboons. two adult guinea baboons were trained to use an interactive key (ik) on a touch-screen to change the orientation of target pictures showing humans or quadruped mammals until upright. in experiment 1, both baboons successfully learned to use the ik when that key induced a ... | 2009 | 18925421 |
| comparative analysis of muscle architecture in primate arm and forearm. | a comparative study of myological morphology, i.e. muscle mass (mm), muscle fascicle length and muscle physiological cross-sectional area (an indicator of the force capacity of muscles), was conducted in nine primate species: human (homo sapiens), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gibbon (hylobates spp.), papio (papio hamadryas), lutong (trachypithecus francoisi), green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops), macaque monkey (macaca spp.), capuchin monkey (cebus albifrons) and squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureu ... | 2010 | 19958344 |
| long-term associative memory capacity in man. | long-term episodic memory depends on the retention of associative information, such as the relationship between a friend's face and his name, a home and its neighborhood, and a mint and its odor. how many of these associative links can be stored and recalled? many have considered memory's capacity, but relevant data are scant. some previous experiments on humans have assessed the retention of thousands of visual impressions using forced-choice picture recognition and have concluded that there ar ... | 2009 | 19966258 |
| irregular xenoantibodies against human red blood cells in papio anubis, p ursinus, p hamadryas, p papio, saimiri sciureus, and macaca mulatta: possible effect on xenotransplantation results. | to assess the presence of irregular xenoantibodies against human red blood cells (rbcs) in 6 primate species used in xenotransplantation and other experimental procedures. | 2010 | 20172355 |
| observations on the susceptibility of sooty mangabeys (cerococebus fuliginosus) and a baboon (papio papio) to poliomyelitis. | 1947 | 20255498 | |
| relational matching in baboons (papio papio) with reduced grouping requirements. | analogical reasoning is a corner stone of human cognition, but the phylogenetic origins of this skill are still unknown. recent animal studies have suggested that only apes can solve the 2- by 2-item relational matching (rmts) analogy problem, with potential benefits of language- (premack, 1983) or token-training procedures (thompson, oden, & boysen, 1997). in this study, 6 baboons were initially trained in an rmts task in which the same and different relations were exemplified by compound stimu ... | 2010 | 20384399 |
| automated testing of cognitive performance in monkeys: use of a battery of computerized test systems by a troop of semi-free-ranging baboons (papio papio). | fagot and paleressompoulle (2009) published an automated learning device for monkeys (aldm) to test the cognitive functions of nonhuman primates within their social groups, but the efficiency of the aldm procedure with large groups remains unknown. in the present study, 10 aldm systems were provided ad lib to a troop of 26 semi-free-ranging baboons that were initially naive with computerized testing. the test program taught baboons to solve two-alternative forced choice (2afc) and matching-to-sa ... | 2010 | 20479182 |
| patterns of gastro-intestinal parasites and commensals as an index of population and ecosystem health: the case of sympatric western chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) and guinea baboons (papio hamadryas papio) at fongoli, senegal. | the exponential decline of great apes over the past 50 years has resulted in an urgent need for data to inform population viability assessment and conservation strategies. health monitoring of remaining ape populations is an important component of this process. in support of this effort, we examined endoparasitic and commensal prevalence and richness as proxies of population health for western chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) and sympatric guinea baboons (papio hamadryas papio) at fongoli, se ... | 2011 | 20853397 |
| placentation and angiogenesis in the amnion of a baboon (papio papio). | 1946 | 20981896 | |
| discrimination of contour-deleted images in baboons (papio papio) and chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). | humans readily group component elements into a coherent perceptual whole and perceive the global form of visual patterns in priority over local features, which stands in contrast to at least some data from the animal literature, suggesting possible species differences in perceptual processes. in this study, chimpanzees and baboons were required to match intact and partially contour-deleted line-drawings in a computerized task in order to further explore the ability of nonhuman primates to group ... | 2011 | 21225440 |
| conceptual thresholds for same and different in old-(macaca mulatta) and new-world (cebus apella) monkeys. | learning of the relational same/different (s/d) concept has been demonstrated to be largely dependent upon stimulus sets containing more than two items for pigeons and old-world monkeys. stimulus arrays containing several images for use in same/different discrimination procures (e.g. 16 identical images vs. 16 nonidentical images) have been shown to facilitate and even be necessary for learning of relational concepts (flemming et al., 2007; wasserman et al., 2001; young et al., 1997). in the pre ... | 2011 | 21238555 |
| executive control of perceptual features and abstract relations by baboons (papio papio). | studies of executive control often reveal significant limitations in nonhuman primate performance relative to that of humans. in the present study, 24 socially housed baboons were tested on a computerized version of the wisconsin card sorting task (wcst) to assess individual differences in executive control. in a second experiment, the same baboons completed a version of the wcst with paired-relational stimuli rather than those that varied on a single dimension to evaluate their set-shifting abi ... | 2011 | 21435356 |
| group composition of guinea baboons (papio papio) at a water place suggests a fluid social organization. | baboon social systems are among the most studied in primates. solid knowledge of the hamadryas and savannah baboon systems has accumulated, leading to a dichotomic view of baboon social systems. hamadryas baboons live in multilayered troops based on 1-male units whereas savannah baboons live in multimale multifemale groups based on a network of related females. less attention has been paid to their west african congenerics, the guinea baboons, papio papio. to fill this gap, in 2007 we initiated ... | 2011 | 21654901 |
| Hair cortisol levels track phylogenetic and age related differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in non-human primates. | Hair has been shown to archive a uniquely time averaged signal of endocrine activity, and holds attractive advantages for both laboratory and field research. Prior research has explored the potential of hair hormone analysis to examine hormone-behavior relationships. To date, no research has focused on the potential of the technique to investigate age-related changes or taxon differences in endocrine function. It is known that non-human primate infants of many taxa exhibit high cortisol levels a ... | 2011 | 21893059 |
| generalized relational matching by guinea baboons (papio papio) in two-by-two-item analogy problems. | analogical reasoning is considered the hallmark of human reasoning, but some studies have demonstrated that language- and symbol-trained chimpanzees can also reason analogically. despite the potential adaptive value of this ability, evidence from other studies strongly suggests that other nonhuman primates do not have this capacity for analogical reasoning. in our three experiments, 6 of 29 baboons acquired the ability to perform a relational matching-to-sample (rmts) task in which pairs of shap ... | 2011 | 21934135 |
| processing of contour closure by baboons (papio papio). | this study investigated the gestalt law of closure in baboons. using a computer-controlled self-testing procedure, we trained baboons (papio papio) to discriminate open versus closed shapes presented on a touch screen with a two-alternative forced choice procedure. ten baboons (open + group) were trained with the open shapes serving as the positive stimulus (s+), and nine others (close + group) were trained with the closed shape serving as s+. the open + group obtained higher discrimination perf ... | 2011 | 22003965 |
| a comparative study of working memory: immediate serial spatial recall in baboons (papio papio) and humans. | two experiments assessed if non-human primates can be meaningfully compared to humans in a non-verbal test of serial recall. a procedure was used that was derived from variations of the corsi test, designed to test the effects of sequence structure and movement path length in humans. two baboons were tested in experiment 1. the monkeys showed several attributes of human serial recall. these included an easier recall of sequences with a shorter number of items and of sequences characterized by a ... | 2011 | 22015260 |
| Age-dependant behavioral strategies in a visual search task in baboons (Papio papio) and their relation to inhibitory control. | A computerized visual search task was presented to 18 guinea baboons (Papio papio) ranging from 2.7 to 14.3 years of age. The task, inspired from Hick's (1952) task, required detection of a target among a variable number of distractors equidistant to a start button. The reaction times (RTs) and movement times both increased with the number of distractors expressed in bits of information. However, the slope of RT per bit function correlated positively with age, whereas a negative correlation was ... | 2011 | 22142038 |
| bilateral hydronephrosis secondary to endometriosis managed by endoscopic ureteral stent placement in a captive guinea baboon (papio papio). | spontaneous endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent, progressive and painful disease that affects a variety of nonhuman primates, including several species of baboons (papio sp.). this case documents multimodal management of severe endometriosis in a captive female baboon within a zoological institution. an 18-yr-old, intact female guinea baboon (papio papio) was found to have an enlarged uterus. fifteen months post ovariohysterctomy, scarring associated with endometrial tissue resulted in ureter ... | 2011 | 22204076 |
| centre-embedded structures are a by-product of associative learning and working memory constraints: evidence from baboons (papio papio). | influential theories have claimed that the ability for recursion forms the computational core of human language faculty distinguishing our communication system from that of other animals (hauser, chomsky, & fitch, 2002). in the present study, we consider an alternative view on recursion by studying the contribution of associative and working memory processes. after an intensive paired-associate training with visual shapes, we observed that baboons spontaneously ordered their responses in keeping ... | 2012 | 22225966 |
| orthographic processing in baboons (papio papio). | skilled readers use information about which letters are where in a word (orthographic information) in order to access the sounds and meanings of printed words. we asked whether efficient processing of orthographic information could be achieved in the absence of prior language knowledge. to do so, we trained baboons to discriminate english words from nonsense combinations of letters that resembled real words. the results revealed that the baboons were using orthographic information in order to ef ... | 2012 | 22499949 |
| fossil papio cranium from !ncumtsa (koanaka) hills, western ngamiland, botswana. | three fossils, a cranium of papio, a cercopithecid frontal bone, and a mandible of juvenile papio, have been recovered from cave deposits in the !ncumtsa (koanaka) hills of western ngamiland, botswana. these specimens are significant because well-preserved crania of papio are extremely rare in the fossil record outside of south africa and because this is the first report of fossil primate cranial remains from botswana. thermoluminescence dating of surrounding cave matrix indicates an age of ≥317 ... | 2012 | 22639236 |
| comment on "orthographic processing in baboons (papio papio)". | grainger et al. (reports, 13 april 2012, p. 245) suggest that baboons can discriminate words from nonwords on the basis of two-letter (bigram) frequencies. this ability can also be attributed to baboons being able to recognize specific letters (i.e., shapes) in specific positions in their four-letter words, without reference to letter or bigram frequencies. | 2012 | 22955818 |
| community composition, correlations among taxa, prevalence, and richness in gastrointestinal parasites of baboons in senegal, west africa. | studies of gastrointestinal parasite prevalence in papio have either focused on a single troop or compared prevalence among troops that share migrants but differ in degree of human contact. little is known about the extent of variation in prevalence where obvious factors that may drive prevalence (e.g., human contact) are absent, so it is difficult to interpret variation when these factors are present. to address this issue, we studied troops of guinea baboons (papio papio) that had almost no co ... | 2013 | 23271438 |
| social monitoring in a multilevel society: a playback study with male guinea baboons. | keeping track of social interactions among conspecifics is a driving force for the evolution of social cognition. how social cognition, such as social knowledge, ties in with a species' social organization is, however, largely unexplored. we investigated the social knowledge of wild guinea baboons (papio papio) ranging in senegal, a species that lives in a fluid multilevel society with overlapping habitat use. using playback experiments, we tested how adult males differentiate between subjects f ... | 2013 | 23293423 |
| baboons, like humans, solve analogy by categorical abstraction of relations. | reasoning by analogy is one of the most complex and highly adaptive cognitive processes in abstract thinking. for humans, analogical reasoning entails the judgment and conceptual mapping of relations-between-relations and is facilitated by language (gentner in cogn sci 7:155-170, 1983; premack in thought without language, oxford university press, new york, 1986). recent evidence, however, shows that monkeys like "language-trained" apes exhibit similar capacity to match relations-between-relation ... | 2013 | 23334572 |
| analogical reasoning in baboons (papio papio): flexible reencoding of the source relation depending on the target relation. | analogical reasoning is a cornerstone of human cognition, but the extent and limits of analogical reasoning in animals remains unclear. recent studies have demonstrated that apes and monkeys can match relations with relations, suggesting that these species have the basic abilities for analogical reasoning. however, analogical reasoning in humans entails two additional cognitive processes that remain unexplored in animals. these include the ability to (1) flexibly reencode the relations instantia ... | 2013 | 23354955 |
| bloodfeeding patterns of sylvatic arbovirus vectors in southeastern senegal. | dengue (denv), yellow fever (yfv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses circulate in sylvatic, enzootic transmission cycles in southeastern senegal, but understanding of the vector-host interactions involved is limited. | 0 | 23423342 |
| learning of spatial statistics in nonhuman primates: contextual cueing in baboons (papio papio). | a growing number of theories of cognition suggest that many of our behaviors result from the ability to implicitly extract and use statistical redundancies present in complex environments. in an attempt to develop an animal model of statistical learning mechanisms in humans, the current study investigated spatial contextual cueing (cc) in nonhuman primates. twenty-five baboons (papio papio) were trained to search for a target (t) embedded within configurations of distrators (l) that were either ... | 2013 | 23499707 |
| non-abo blood group systems phenotyping in non-human primates for blood banking laboratory and xenotransplantation. | some biomedical research procedures, such as organ xenotransplantation, usually require intensive hemotherapy. knowledge of the whole phenotype of blood donor and graft could be useful in the field of xenotransplantation. human and simian-type categories of blood groups have been established and they can be tested by standard methods used for human blood grouping. the aim of this work was to study the incidence of non-abo blood group systems in different species of non-human primates, which are ... | 2013 | 23563364 |
| human (homo sapiens) and baboon (papio papio) chimeric face processing: right-hemisphere involvement. | [correction notice: an erratum for this article was reported in vol 127(3) of journal of comparative psychology (see record 2013-30238-001). in the article, the link to the supplemental material was not included. supplemental material for this article is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031494.supp.] the perception and production of facial expressions have traditionally been used to infer hemispheric specialization for emotions in both human and nonhuman primates. the authors examined o ... | 2013 | 23566028 |
| contribution of working memory processes to relational matching-to-sample performance in baboons (papio papio). | recent studies of monkeys and apes have shown that these animals can solve relational-matching-to-sample (rmts) problems, suggesting basic abilities for analogical reasoning. however, doubts remain as to the actual cognitive strategies adopted by nonhuman primates in this task. here, we used dual-task paradigms to test 10 baboons in the rmts problem under three conditions of memory load. our three test conditions allowed different predictions, depending on the strategy (i.e., flat memorization o ... | 2013 | 23772798 |
| effects of freely accessible computerized test systems on the spontaneous behaviors and stress level of guinea baboons (papio papio). | fagot and paleressompoulle [fagot and paleressompoulle (2009) behav res methods 41: 396-404] described a new automated learning device for monkeys (aldm) to test the cognitive functions of nonhuman primates within their social groups. however, the impact of the aldm procedure on animal well-being needs to be investigated. the present study assessed the consequences of aldm testing on the behavioral repertoire of guinea baboons (papio papio) and their stress levels as inferred from measurements o ... | 2014 | 24038166 |
| vocal communication in a complex multi-level society: constrained acoustic structure and flexible call usage in guinea baboons. | to understand the evolution of acoustic communication in animals, it is important to distinguish between the structure and the usage of vocal signals, since both aspects are subject to different constraints. in terrestrial mammals, the structure of calls is largely innate, while individuals have a greater ability to actively initiate or withhold calls. in closely related taxa, one would therefore predict a higher flexibility in call usage compared to call structure. in the present study, we inve ... | 2013 | 24059742 |
| effects of training condition on the contribution of specific items to relational processing in baboons (papio papio). | relational processing involves learning about the relationship between or among stimuli, transcending the individual stimuli, so that abstract knowledge generalizable to novel situations is acquired. relational processing has been studied in animals as well as in humans, but little attention has been paid to the contribution of specific items to relational thinking or to the factors that may affect that contribution. this study assessed the intertwined effects of item and relational processing i ... | 2014 | 24352791 |
| associative learning in baboons (papio papio) and humans (homo sapiens): species differences in learned attention to visual features. | we examined attention shifting in baboons and humans during the learning of visual categories. within a conditional matching-to-sample task, participants of the two species sequentially learned two two-feature categories which shared a common feature. results showed that humans encoded both features of the initially learned category, but predominantly only the distinctive feature of the subsequently learned category. although baboons initially encoded both features of the first category, they ul ... | 1998 | 24399276 |
| a visual-familiarity account of evidence for orthographic processing in baboons (papio papio). | grainger, dufau, montant, ziegler, and fagot (2012a) taught 6 baboons to discriminate words from nonwords in an analogue of the lexical decision task. the baboons more readily identified novel words than novel nonwords as words, and they had difficulty rejecting nonwords that were orthographically similar to learned words. in a subsequent test (ziegler, hannagan, et al., 2013), responses from the same animals evinced a transposed-letter effect. these three effects, when seen in skilled human rea ... | 2014 | 24503872 |
| the influence of social systems on patterns of mitochondrial dna variation in baboons. | behavior is influenced by genes but can also shape the genetic structure of natural populations. investigating this link is of great importance because behavioral processes can alter the genetic diversity on which selection acts. gene flow is one of the main determinants of the genetic structure of a population and dispersal is the behavior that mediates gene flow. baboons (genus papio) are among the most intensely studied primate species and serve as a model system to investigate the evolution ... | 2014 | 24523566 |
| age effects on transfer index performance and executive control in baboons (papio papio). | reversal performance in the transfer index (ti) task is known to improve from prosimians to apes, suggesting that this task is a marker of cognitive evolution within the primate taxa (rumbaugh, 1970). however, the cognitive processes recruited by this task remain unclear. in the present study, 19 socially-housed baboons (papio papio) from 1.6 to 14.3 years of age were tested on a computerized version of the ti task, using an automated self-testing procedure. age was a significant factor in the l ... | 2014 | 24624114 |
| social facilitation in a troop of guinea baboons (papio papio) living in an enclosure. | a method is described of assessing whether or not social facilitation occurred in a troop of guinea baboons (papio papio) living in an enclosure. the method did not involve the removal of individuals from the troop. the study revealed an interaction between social facilitation and the quality of social relationship involved; affiliative relationships enhanced the social facilitation of leaving an experimental zone. the theoretical implications of this finding are discussed. the method also discl ... | 1985 | 24896698 |
| processing of above/below categorical spatial relations by baboons (papiopapio). | three video-formatted experiments investigated the categorization of 'above' and 'below' spatial relations in baboons (papio papio). using an identity matching-to-sample task, six baboons correctly matched line-dot stimuli based on the 'above' or 'below' location of the dot relative to the line (experiment 1). positive transfer of performance was then observed when the line-dot distance depicted in the sample stimulus differed from that of the two comparison stimuli (experiment 2). using a go/no ... | 1999 | 24897558 |
| baboons' response speed is biased by their moods. | the affect-as-information hypothesis (e.g., schwarz & clore, 2003), predicts that the positive or negative valence of our mood differentially affects our processing of the details of the environment. however, this hypothesis has only been tested with mood induction procedures and fairly complex cognitive tasks in humans. here, six baboons (papio papio) living in a social group had free access to a computerized visual search task on which they were over-trained. trials that immediately followed a ... | 2014 | 25061682 |
| male tolerance and male-male bonds in a multilevel primate society. | male relationships in most species of mammals generally are characterized by intense intrasexual competition, with little bonding among unrelated individuals. in contrast, human societies are characterized by high levels of cooperation and strong bonds among both related and unrelated males. the emergence of cooperative male-male relationships has been linked to the multilevel structure of traditional human societies. based on an analysis of the patterns of spatial and social interaction in comb ... | 2014 | 25201960 |
| cultural evolution of systematically structured behaviour in a non-human primate. | culture pervades human life and is at the origin of the success of our species. a wide range of other animals have culture too, but often in a limited form that does not complexify through the gradual accumulation of innovations. we developed a new paradigm to study cultural evolution in primates in order to better evaluate our closest relatives' cultural capacities. previous studies using transmission chain experimental paradigms, in which the behavioural output of one individual becomes the ta ... | 2014 | 25377450 |
| differences between chimpanzee and baboon gastrointestinal parasite communities. | cross-species infection among humans, chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) and baboons (papio spp.) is potentially a significant public health issue in africa, and of concern in the conservation of p. troglodytes. however, to date, no statistical comparisons have been made between the prevalence, richness and composition of parasite communities in sympatric populations of baboons and p. troglodytes. we compared parasite communities in sympatric p. troglodytes and papio papio living in a wilderness site ... | 2015 | 25731985 |
| orangutans (pongo spp.) have deeper, more efficient sleep than baboons (papio papio) in captivity. | the nightly construction of arboreal sleeping platforms or "nests" has been observed among every great ape population studied to date. however, this behavior has never been reported in any other nonhuman primate and comparisons between ape and monkey sleep illuminate the link between sleeping substrates, positional behavior, and sleep efficiency. here, we compare sleep depth and efficiency and night-time positional behavior between a large-bodied cercopithecoid (papio papio) and a large-bodied h ... | 2015 | 25752676 |
| population genetic insights into the social organization of guinea baboons (papio papio): evidence for female-biased dispersal. | sex differences in philopatry and dispersal have important consequences on the genetic structure of populations, social groups, and social relationships within groups. among mammals, male dispersal and female philopatry are most common and closely related taxa typically exhibit similar dispersal patterns. however, among four well-studied species of baboons, only hamadryas baboons exhibit female dispersal, thus differing from their congenerics, which show female philopatry and close-knit female s ... | 2015 | 25864569 |
| contrasted patterns of variation and evolutionary convergence at the antiviral oas1 gene in old world primates. | the oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (oas1) enzyme acts as an innate sensor of viral infection and plays a major role in the defense against a wide diversity of viruses. polymorphisms at oas1 have been shown to correlate with differential susceptibility to several infections of great public health significance, including hepatitis c virus, sars coronavirus, and west nile virus. population genetics analyses in hominoids have revealed interesting evolutionary patterns. in central african chimpanzee, oa ... | 2015 | 26156123 |
| baboons (papio papio), but not humans, break cognitive set in a visuomotor task. | cognitive set can be both helpful and harmful in problem solving. a large set of similar problems may be solved mechanically by applying a single-solution method. however, efficiency might be sacrificed if a better solution exists and is overlooked. despite half a century of research on cognitive set, there have been no attempts to investigate whether it occurs in nonhuman species. the current study utilized a nonverbal, computer task to compare cognitive set between 104 humans and 15 baboons (p ... | 2015 | 26194414 |
| assessment of metacognitive monitoring and control in baboons (papio papio). | metacognition refers to the ability of an organism to evaluate its states of knowledge (metacognitive monitoring) and engage in appropriate information-seeking behaviors when a lack of knowledge is detected (metacognitive control). this study assessed metacognitive monitoring and control in three guinea baboons (papio papio). monkeys were required to report on a touchscreen the location of two target stimuli that had previously appeared briefly on a grid. they could either respond directly or us ... | 2015 | 26232908 |
| the temporal dynamics of regularity extraction in non-human primates. | extracting the regularities of our environment is one of our core cognitive abilities. to study the fine-grained dynamics of the extraction of embedded regularities, a method combining the advantages of the artificial language paradigm (saffran, aslin, & newport, ) and the serial response time task (nissen & bullemer, ) was used with a group of guinea baboons (papio papio) in a new automatic experimental device (fagot & bonté, ). after a series of random trials, monkeys were exposed to language- ... | 2016 | 26303229 |
| social behavior and patterns of testosterone and glucocorticoid levels differ between male chacma and guinea baboons. | in multi-male, multi-female groups of mammals, males usually compete aggressively over access to females. however, species vary in the intensity of male contest competition, which has been linked to differences in testosterone and glucocorticoid profiles. chacma (papio ursinus) and guinea (p. papio) baboons constitute an intriguing model to examine variation in male competition and male endocrine correlates, because of the differences in their social systems. chacma baboons live in stable female ... | 2015 | 26344413 |
| behavioral assessment of combinatorial semantics in baboons (papio papio). | combinatorial semantics is a core property of human language whose mechanisms remain poorly known. this study used computerized tasks with touch screens to investigate whether baboons (papio papio) can understand the combination of shape and color labels in order to designate their corresponding colored shape. the baboons were trained either directly with label-pairs (experiment 1) or with individual shape and color labels (experiment 2), before being tested with novel compound labels from which ... | 2016 | 26515889 |
| can old-world and new-world monkeys judge spatial above/below relations to be the same or different? some of them, but not all of them. | chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) with the aid of token training can achieve analogical reasoning, or the ability to understand relations-between-relations (e.g., premack, 1976; thompson, oden, & boysen, 1997). however, extraordinarily few numbers of old- and new-world monkeys have demonstrated this ability in variants of relational matching to sample tasks. moreover, the rarity of replications leaves open the question of whether the results are normative for other captive colonies of the same speci ... | 2016 | 26581319 |
| high prevalence of antibodies against the bacterium treponema pallidum in senegalese guinea baboons (papio papio). | the bacterium treponema pallidum is known to cause syphilis (ssp. pallidum), yaws (ssp. pertenue), and endemic syphilis (ssp. endemicum) in humans. nonhuman primates have also been reported to be infected with the bacterium with equally versatile clinical manifestations, from severe skin ulcerations to asymptomatic. at present all simian strains are closely related to human yaws-causing strains, an important consideration for yaws eradication. we tested clinically healthy guinea baboons (papio p ... | 2015 | 26588087 |
| using automated learning devices for monkeys (aldm) to study social networks. | social network analysis has become a prominent tool to study animal social life, and there is an increasing need to develop new systems to collect social information automatically, systematically, and reliably. here we explore the use of a freely accessible automated learning device for monkeys (aldm) to collect such social information on a group of 22 captive baboons (papio papio). we compared the social network obtained from the co-presence of the baboons in ten aldm testing booths to the soci ... | 2017 | 26676950 |
| genetics of reflex seizures and epilepsies in humans and animals. | reflex seizures are epileptic events triggered by specific motor, sensory or cognitive stimulation. this comprehensive narrative review focuses on the role of genetic determinants in humans and animal models of reflex seizures and epilepsies. | 2016 | 26875109 |
| sex and friendship in a multilevel society: behavioural patterns and associations between female and male guinea baboons. | one key question in social evolution is the identification of factors that promote the formation and maintenance of stable bonds between females and males beyond the mating context. baboons lend themselves to examine this question, as they vary in social organisation and male-female association patterns. we report the results from the first systematic observations of individually identified wild female guinea baboons. guinea baboons live in a multilevel society with female-biased dispersal. alth ... | 2017 | 26900211 |
| categorization does not promote symmetry in guinea baboons (papio papio). | humans have the capacity to use stimuli interchangeably by forming equivalence classes, and this ability seems to be supported by our language system. according to sidman and tailby (conditional discrimination vs. matching to sample: an expansion of the testing paradigm. j exp anal behav 37:5-22, 1982), the formation of equivalence classes require that three relations are derived among the class members, and past experiments have shown that one of these relations, i.e., symmetry, corresponding t ... | 2016 | 27278368 |
| insights into the genetic foundation of aggression in papio and the evolution of two length-polymorphisms in the promoter regions of serotonin-related genes (5-httlpr and maoalpr) in papionini. | aggressive behaviors are an integral part of competitive interactions. there is considerable variation in aggressiveness among individuals both within and among species. aggressiveness is a quantitative trait that is highly heritable. in modern humans and macaques (macaca spp.), variation in aggressiveness among individuals is associated with polymorphisms in the serotonergic (5-ht) neurotransmitter system. to further investigate the genetics underlying interspecific variation in aggressiveness, ... | 2016 | 27287312 |
| sex differences in inhibitory control in socially-housed baboons (papio papio). | inhibitory control is an important component of executive function. an emerging literature in humans suggests that inhibitory control is sexually dimorphic and modulated by sex steroids, but evidence for such a link in nonhuman animals is scarce. in this study, we examined the effects of menstrual cycle and biological sex on response inhibition, as measured by a stop-signal task, in the baboon (papio papio). the monkeys (n=13) were socially-housed, with voluntary access to multiple touchscreen c ... | 2016 | 27321783 |
| a primate apol1 variant that kills trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | humans are protected against infection from most african trypanosomes by lipoprotein complexes present in serum that contain the trypanolytic pore-forming protein, apolipoprotein l1 (apol1). the human-infective trypanosomes, trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in east africa and t. b. gambiense in west africa have separately evolved mechanisms that allow them to resist apol1-mediated lysis and cause human african trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, in man. recently, apol1 variants were identified ... | 2016 | 27494254 |
| chimpanzees routinely fish for algae with tools during the dry season in bakoun, guinea. | wild chimpanzees regularly use tools, made from sticks, leaves, or stone, to find flexible solutions to the ecological challenges of their environment. nevertheless, some studies suggest strong limitations in the tool-using capabilities of chimpanzees. in this context, we present the discovery of a newly observed tool-use behavior in a population of chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) living in the bakoun classified forest, guinea, where a temporary research site was established for 15 months. b ... | 2017 | 27813136 |
| evidence of a vocalic proto-system in the baboon (papio papio) suggests pre-hominin speech precursors. | language is a distinguishing characteristic of our species, and the course of its evolution is one of the hardest problems in science. it has long been generally considered that human speech requires a low larynx, and that the high larynx of nonhuman primates should preclude their producing the vowel systems universally found in human language. examining the vocalizations through acoustic analyses, tongue anatomy, and modeling of acoustic potential, we found that baboons (papio papio) produce so ... | 2017 | 28076426 |
| emotion-cognition interaction in nonhuman primates: cognitive avoidance of negative stimuli in baboons (papio papio) | it is well established that emotion and cognition interact in humans, but such an interaction has not been extensively studied in nonhuman primates. we investigated whether emotional value can affect nonhuman primates' processing of stimuli that are only mentally represented, not visually available. in a short-term memory task, baboons memorized the location of two target squares of the same color, which were presented with a distractor of a different color. through prior long-term conditioning, ... | 2017 | 28078977 |
| charting the neglected west: the social system of guinea baboons. | primate social systems are remarkably diverse, and thus play a central role in understanding social evolution, including the biological origin of human societies. although baboons have been prominently featured in this context, historically little was known about the westernmost member of the genus, the guinea baboon (papio papio). | 2017 | 28105722 |
| the processing of positional information in a two-item sequence limits the emergence of symmetry in baboons (papio papio), but not in humans (homo sapiens). | when trained to associate stimulus a to stimulus b, humans can derive the untrained symmetrical b to a relation while nonhuman animals have much more difficulties. urcuioli (2008, journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 90, 257--282; 2015, conductal, 3, 4--25) proposed that the apparent difficulty of animals in symmetry testing reflects their double encoding of the information on the stimuli (identity and relation) and their positional (i.e., spatial and temporal/ordinal) characteristi ... | 2017 | 28779389 |
| are baboons learning "orthographic" representations? probably not. | the ability of baboons (papio papio) to distinguish between english words and nonwords has been modeled using a deep learning convolutional network model that simulates a ventral pathway in which lexical representations of different granularity develop. however, given that pigeons (columba livia), whose brain morphology is drastically different, can also be trained to distinguish between english words and nonwords, it appears that a less species-specific learning algorithm may be required to exp ... | 2017 | 28859134 |
| apols with low ph dependence can kill all african trypanosomes. | the primate-specific serum protein apolipoprotein l1 (apol1) is the only secreted member of a family of cell death promoting proteins 1-4 . apol1 kills the bloodstream parasite trypanosoma brucei brucei, but not the human sleeping sickness agents t.b. rhodesiense and t.b. gambiense 3 . we considered the possibility that intracellular members of the apol1 family, against which extracellular trypanosomes could not have evolved resistance, could kill pathogenic t. brucei subspecies. here we show th ... | 2017 | 28924146 |
| disrupted dispersal and its genetic consequences: comparing protected and threatened baboon populations (papio papio) in west africa. | dispersal is a demographic process that can potentially counterbalance the negative impacts of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. however, mechanisms of dispersal may become modified in populations living in human-dominated habitats. here, we investigated dispersal in guinea baboons (papio papio) in areas with contrasting levels of anthropogenic fragmentation, as a case study. using molecular data, we compared the direction and extent of sex-biased gene flow in two baboon populations: from gui ... | 2018 | 29614097 |