| parasitic infections in african humans and non-human primates. | different protozoa and metazoa have been detected in great apes, monkeys and humans with possible interspecies exchanges. some are either nonpathogenic or their detrimental effects on the host are not yet known. others lead to serious diseases that can even be fatal. their survey remains of great importance for public health and animal conservation. fecal samples from gorillas (gorilla gorilla) and humans living in same area in the republic of congo, chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) from senegal an ... | 2020 | 32664573 |
| adenovirus infections in african humans and wild non-human primates: great diversity and cross-species transmission. | non-human primates (nhps) are known hosts for adenoviruses (advs), so there is the possibility of the zoonotic or cross-species transmission of advs. as with humans, adv infections in animals can cause diseases that range from asymptomatic to fatal. the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of advs in: (i) fecal samples of apes and monkeys from different african countries (republic of congo, senegal, djibouti and algeria), (ii) stool of humans living near gorillas in ... | 2020 | 32570742 |
| philopatry at the frontier: a demographically driven scenario for the evolution of multilevel societies in baboons (papio). | the baboons (papio sp.) exhibit marked interspecies variation in social behavior. the thesis presented here argues, first, that male philopatry is a crucial factor, arguably the crucial factor, underlying the other distinctive features (one-male units, multilevel society) shared by hamadryas and guinea baboons, but not other species of papio. the second suggestion is that male philopatry as a population norm was not an adaptation to a particular habitat or set of ecological circumstances but evo ... | 2020 | 32736063 |
| a missing piece of the papio puzzle: gorongosa baboon phenostructure and intrageneric relationships. | most authors recognize six baboon species: hamadryas (papio hamadryas), guinea (papio papio), olive (papio anubis), yellow (papio cynocephalus), chacma (papio ursinus), and kinda (papio kindae). however, there is still debate regarding the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, and the amount of gene flow occurring between species. here, we present ongoing research on baboon morphological diversity in gorongosa national park (gnp), located in central mozambique, south of the zambezi river ... | 2019 | 31010537 |
| new approaches to modeling primate socioecology: does small female group size beget loyal males? | humans are unusual in having stable male-female breeding bonds within multi-level societies. such societies are not found in other apes, but have evolved independently in other primates, including several african papionins: hamadryas and guinea baboons and gelada monkeys. stable breeding bonds have been proposed to evolve either (1) because males can monopolize females when food distribution forces females to forage in small groups or (2) because females exchange exclusive mating for male servic ... | 2019 | 31634723 |
| on the evolution of baboon greeting rituals. | to balance the trade-offs of male co-residence, males living in multi-male groups may exchange ritualized greetings. although these non-aggressive signals are widespread in the animal kingdom, the repertoire described in the genus papio is exceptional, involving potentially harmful behaviours such as genital fondling. such greetings are among the most striking male baboon social interactions, yet their function remains disputed. drawing on the comprehensive analysis from our own research on wild ... | 2020 | 32594879 |
| extraction of structural regularities by baboons (papio papio): adjacent and nonadjacent repetition patterns differ in learnability. | several animal species can discriminate between different sequential patterns based on repetitions of items (e.g., abb vs. aba), and generalize their performance to sequences made of novel elements but following the same underlying structure. this achievement suggests that these species possess the ability to abstract the sequences structures beyond exemplars. developmental studies in humans suggest however that adjacent repetition patterns (e.g., abb) are easier to extract than patterns based o ... | 2020 | 32496080 |
| baboons (papio papio) process a context-free but not a context-sensitive grammar. | language processing involves the ability to master supra-regular grammars, that go beyond the level of complexity of regular grammars. this ability has been hypothesized to be a uniquely human capacity. our study probed baboons' capacity to learn two supra-regular grammars of different levels of complexity: a context-free grammar generating sequences following a mirror structure (e.g., ab | ba, abc | cba) and a context-sensitive grammar generating sequences following a repeat structure (e.g., ab ... | 2020 | 32355252 |
| constraints on the lexicons of human languages have cognitive roots present in baboons (papio papio). | using a pattern extraction task, we show that baboons, like humans, have a learning bias that helps them discover connected patterns more easily than disconnected ones-i.e., they favor rules like "contains between 40% and 80% red" over rules like "contains around 30% red or 100% red." the task was made as similar as possible to a task previously run on humans, which was argued to reveal a bias that is responsible for shaping the lexicons of human languages, both content words (nouns and adjectiv ... | 2019 | 31289236 |
| regularity extraction across species: associative learning mechanisms shared by human and non-human primates. | extracting the regularities of our environment is a core cognitive ability in human and non-human primates. comparative studies may provide information of strong heuristic value to constrain the elaboration of computational models of regularity learning. this study illustrates this point by testing human and non-human primates (guinea baboons, papio papio) with the same experimental paradigm, using a novel online learning measure. for local co-occurrence regularities, we found similar patterns o ... | 2019 | 29785844 |
| guinea baboons (papio papio) at a sleeping site. | descriptive and quantitative observations were made of wild guinea baboons (papio papio) at a regularly used sleeping tree (ceiba pentandra) in senegal. observations concentrated on the transition from darkness before sunrise until the baboons had left the tree. behavior at sleeping sites is affected by a variety of social and nonsocial factors. sleeping postures were adjusted during the night and to suit weather conditions. the baboons began to leave the tree earlier before sunrise in the dry s ... | 1984 | 31986846 |
| greetings in male guinea baboons and the function of rituals in complex social groups. | ritualized greetings, defined as exchanges of non-aggressive signals, are common among males living in multi-male groups and are thought to balance the trade-offs of male co-residence. while ritualized greetings are widespread in the animal kingdom, the behavioral repertoire described in the genus papio is exceptional, as it involves potentially harmful behaviors such as genital fondling. although greetings are one of the most striking male social interactions in baboons, their function is still ... | 2018 | 30502900 |
| correction: disrupted dispersal and its genetic consequences: comparing protected and threatened baboon populations (papio papio) in west africa. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194189.]. | 2018 | 30273389 |
| disrupted dispersal and its genetic consequences: comparing protected and threatened baboon populations (papio papio) in west africa. | dispersal is a demographic process that can potentially counterbalance the negative impacts of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. however, mechanisms of dispersal may become modified in populations living in human-dominated habitats. here, we investigated dispersal in guinea baboons (papio papio) in areas with contrasting levels of anthropogenic fragmentation, as a case study. using molecular data, we compared the direction and extent of sex-biased gene flow in two baboon populations: from gui ... | 2018 | 29614097 |
| estimation of baboon daily travel distances by means of point sampling - the magnitude of underestimation. | daily travel distance (dtd), the distance an animal moves over the course of the day, is an important metric in movement ecology. it provides data with which to test hypotheses related to energetics and behaviour, e.g. impact of group size or food distribution on dtds. the automated tracking of movements by applying gps technology has become widely available and easy to implement. however, due to battery duration constraints, it is necessary to select a tracking-time resolution, which inevitably ... | 2017 | 32110702 |
| pseudotuberculosis of the cynocephalic monkey, papio papio desm. with bacillus of malassez and vignal. | | 1949 | 18120589 |
| high-fidelity copying is not necessarily the key to cumulative cultural evolution: a study in monkeys and children. | the unique cumulative nature of human culture has often been explained by high-fidelity copying mechanisms found only in human social learning. however, transmission chain experiments in human and non-human primates suggest that cumulative cultural evolution (cce) might not necessarily depend on high-fidelity copying after all. in this study, we test whether defining properties of cce can emerge in a non-copying task. we performed transmission chain experiments in guinea baboons and human childr ... | 2019 | 31161908 |
| the effect of individual and food characteristics on food retrieval and food sharing in captive guinea baboons (papio papio). | access to food is of major importance to the fitness and survival of every individual, particularly in group-living animals, in which individual characteristics and food distribution can affect food intake. additionally, several species of primates are known to share food under certain conditions. such unresisted transfer of food from one individual to another appears to be adaptive, for instance as a tool to maintain and reinforce social bonds. in this study, we aimed to test how food retrieval ... | 2020 | 31840293 |
| three new prototapirella species, opisthotrichum janus, and troglocorys cava add to entodiniomorphida (ciliophora, trichostomatia) diversity in mountain gorillas in rwanda. | recently, a high number of entodiniomorphida species was discovered in virunga mountain gorillas (gorilla beringei beringei) in rwanda compared to other primates. thirteen species of five genera (troglocorys, gorilloflasca, prototapirella, troglodytella, and opisthotrichum) were identified with 10 species in gorilloflasca, prototapirella, and troglodytella being host-specific, to our current knowledge. the remaining three species have been described for other herbivorous mammals; prototapirella ... | 2020 | 32916436 |