| the roles and perspectives of toll-like receptors and cd4(+) helper t cell subsets in acute viral encephalitis. | acute viral encephalitis caused by neurotrophic viruses, such as mosquito-borne flaviviruses, is an emerging and re-emerging disease that represents an immense global health problem. considerable progression has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of acute viral encephalitis, but the immune-pathological processes occurring during the progression of encephalitis and the roles played by various molecules and cellular components of the innate and adaptive systems still remain undefined. rec ... | 2012 | 22740790 |
| intensive circulation of japanese encephalitis virus in peri-urban sentinel pigs near phnom penh, cambodia. | despite the increased use of vaccination in several asian countries, japanese encephalitis (je) remains the most important cause of viral encephalitis in asia in humans with an estimated 68,000 cases annually. considered a rural disease occurring mainly in paddy-field dominated landscapes where pigs are amplifying hosts, je may nevertheless circulate in a wider range of environment given the diversity of its potential hosts and vectors. the main objective of this study was to assess the intensit ... | 2016 | 27926937 |
| a new species of mesonivirus from the northern territory, australia. | here we describe casuarina virus (casv), a new virus in the family mesoniviridae. this is the first report of a mesonivirus in australia, which extends the geographical range of this virus family to 3 continents. the virus was isolated in 2010 from coquillettidia xanthogaster mosquitoes during surveillance in the suburbs of darwin, the capital of the northern territory. cryo-electron microscopy of the casv virions revealed spherical particles of 65 nm in size with large club-shaped projections o ... | 2014 | 24670468 |
| hospital-based surveillance for japanese encephalitis at four sites in bangladesh, 2003-2005. | we investigated the epidemiology and etiology of encephalitis at four tertiary hospitals in bangladesh during 2003-2005. patients who met a clinical case definition for acute encephalitis and had cerebrospinal fluid (csf) pleocytosis were eligible for enrollment; a standardized sampling pattern was used to enroll eligible patients. recent japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection was defined by presence of igm antibodies against jev in csf or serum. twenty (4%) of 492 cases had laboratory evid ... | 2010 | 20134015 |
| entomo-virological study of a suspected japanese encephalitis outbreak in muzaffarpur district, bihar, india. | | 0 | 23760390 |
| seasonal abundance and potential of japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds, thailand. | to investigate the abundance and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes, and to detect japanese encephalitis virus (jev) in these mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds. | 0 | 23620839 |
| diversity of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) attracted to human subjects in rubber plantations, secondary forests, and villages in luang prabang province, northern lao pdr. | the impact of the rapid expansion of rubber plantations in south-east asia on mosquito populations is uncertain. we compared the abundance and diversity of adult mosquitoes using human-baited traps in four typical rural habitats in northern lao pdr: secondary forests, immature rubber plantations, mature rubber plantations, and villages. generalized estimating equations were used to explore differences in mosquito abundance between habitats, and simpson's diversity index was used to measure speci ... | 2017 | 28505314 |
| identifying sources, pathways and risk drivers in ecosystems of japanese encephalitis in an epidemic-prone north indian district. | japanese encephalitis (je) has caused repeated outbreaks in endemic pockets of india. this study was conducted in kushinagar, a highly endemic district, to understand the human-animal-ecosystem interactions, and the drivers that influence disease transmission. utilizing the ecosystems approach, a cross-sectional, descriptive study, employing mixed methods design was employed. four villages (two with pig-rearing and two without) were randomly selected from a high, a medium and a low burden (based ... | 2017 | 28463989 |
| how zoophilic japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes feed on humans. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is the most frequent cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in asian countries. several culicine species are potential vectors. the primary jev vectors feed mainly on cows (a dead-end host for jev), pigs (an amplifying host), and, occasionally, humans (a dead-end host). it is essential to determine blood-feeding patterns to understand the transmission cycle of the disease. here we review blood-feeding characteristics of the primary jev vectors culex tritaeniorhync ... | 2017 | 28082626 |
| evaluation of larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against three mosquito vectors. | to evaluate the mosquito larvicidal activity of plant extracts. | 2011 | 21771411 |
| coltiviruses and seadornaviruses in north america, europe, and asia. | coltiviruses are tickborne viruses of the genus coltivirus. the type species, colorado tick fever virus (from north america), has been isolated from patients with flulike syndromes, meningitis, encephalitis, and other severe complications. another coltivirus, eyach virus, has been isolated from ticks in france and germany and incriminated in febrile illnesses and neurologic syndromes. seadornaviruses are endemic in southeast asia, particularly indonesia and china. the prototype virus of the genu ... | 2005 | 16318717 |
| first report on adulticide susceptibility status of aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex vishnui from a pig farm in tanjung sepat, selangor, malaysia. | the present study aims to investigate the susceptibility status of aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and cx. vishnui collected from a pig farm in tanjung sepat, selangor, toward 11 insecticides representing the classes of organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates, and pyrethroids. the results of a world health organization adult mosquito bioassay revealed that ae. albopictus, cx. quinquefasciatus, and cx. vishnui exhibited different susceptibility toward various insecticides. overall ... | 2013 | 24199499 |
| changing patterns of west nile virus transmission: altered vector competence and host susceptibility. | west nile virus (wnv) is a flavivirus (flaviviridae) transmitted between culex spp. mosquitoes and avian hosts. the virus has dramatically expanded its geographic range in the past ten years. increases in global commerce, climate change, ecological factors and the emergence of novel viral genotypes likely play significant roles in the emergence of this virus; however, the exact mechanism and relative importance of each is uncertain. previously wnv was primarily associated with febrile illness of ... | 2009 | 19406093 |
| concurrent infection of japanese encephalitis and mixed plasmodium infection. | | 2012 | 23560024 |
| distribution of mosquito larvae in various breeding sites in national zoo malaysia. | mosquitoes are principal vectors of major vector-borne diseases. they are widely found throughout urban and rural areas in malaysia. they are responsible for various vector-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, filariasis and encephalitis. a total of 158 mosquito larvae specimens were collected from the national zoo, malaysia, from 11 types of breeding habitats during the study period from end of may 2007 to july 2007. aedes albopictus was the predominant species (35.4%), followed by tripteroi ... | 2015 | 25801269 |
| holoptelea integrifolia (roxb.) planch: a review of its ethnobotany, pharmacology, and phytochemistry. | holoptelea integrifolia (ulmaceae) is a versatile medicinal plant used in various indigenous systems of medicine for curing routine healthcare maladies. it is traditionally used in the treatment and prevention of several ailments like leprosy, inflammation, rickets, leucoderma, scabies, rheumatism, ringworm, eczema, malaria, intestinal cancer, and chronic wounds. in vitro and in vivo pharmacological investigations on crude extracts and isolated compounds showed antibacterial, antifungal, analges ... | 2014 | 24949441 |
| evidence of introgression of the ace-1(r) mutation and of the ace-1 duplication in west african anopheles gambiae s. s. | the role of inter-specific hybridisation is of particular importance in mosquito disease vectors for predicting the evolution of insecticide resistance. two molecular forms of anopheles gambiae s.s., currently recognized as s and m taxa, are considered to be incipient sibling species. hybrid scarcity in the field was suggested that differentiation of m and s taxa is maintained by limited or absent gene flow. however, recent studies have revealed shared polymorphisms within the m and s forms, and ... | 2008 | 18478097 |
| first indigenous transmission of japanese encephalitis in urban areas of national capital territory of delhi, india. | until 2010, no japanese encephalitis (je) had been reported from delhi. upon report of four confirmed cases of je in september 2011, detailed investigations were carried out to determine whether the cases were imported or indigenous. | 2013 | 23682856 |
| population dynamics of adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in malaria endemic villages of kuala lipis, pahang, malaysia. | mosquitoes in malaria endemic areas needs to be monitored constantly in order to detect demographic changes that could affect control measures. a 12-month mosquito population survey was conducted in several malaria endemic areas in pos lenjang, kuala lipis, pahang, malaysia. collection of mosquitoes using a human landing catch technique was carried out indoors and outdoors for 12 hours from 7:00 pm to 7:00 am for 42 nights. anopheles maculatus theobald (31.0%), armigeres flavus leicester (11.3%) ... | 2011 | 21710845 |
| larvicidal activity of phytosteroid compounds from leaf extract of solanum nigrum against culex vishnui group and anopheles subpictus. | vector control is facing a menace due to the appearance of resistance to synthetic insecticides. insecticides of plant origin may provide appropriate substitute biocontrol techniques in the future. the present study was carried out to investigate the bio control potentiality of active ingredient isolated from chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of mature leaves of solanum nigrum l. (solanaceae) against early 3rd instar larvae of culex vishnui group (comprising of cx. vishnui theobald, cx. pse ... | 2017 | 28330500 |
| species diversity and interspecific associations among mosquitoes in rice agro-ecosystem of kheda district, gujarat. | rice agro-ecosystem of kheda district in central gujarat was inhabited by 14 species of anophelines and 15 species of culicines. anopheles subpictus and culex vishnui gr dominated the respective groups. species diversity in rice fields as well as in associated habitats remained high during non-monsoon (rabi) period. there existed several positive and negative interspecific associations. malaria vector an. culicifacies showed positive association with an. subpictus, an. annularis, an. pallidus an ... | 1998 | 10319558 |
| insecticide resistance status of three vectors of japanese encephalitis in east central india. | japanese encephalitis (je) has been reported in different districts of odisha state (east central india) since 1992. during 2016, a major outbreak of je and acute encephalitis syndrome (aes) occurred in the malkangiri district of odisha, causing 103 deaths in children, of which 37 were caused by je and 66 by aes. information on insecticide resistance in je vectors is important for the selection of appropriate insecticides for use in vector control. the present study was designed to determine the ... | 2019 | 30565276 |
| dna barcoding of five japanese encephalitis mosquito vectors (culex fuscocephala, culex gelidus, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex pseudovishnui and culex vishnui). | culex mosquitoes can act as vectors of several important diseases, including japanese encephalitis, west nile virus, st. louis encephalitis and equine encephalitis. besides the neurological sequelae caused in humans, japanese encephalitis can lead to abortion in sows and encephalitis in horses. effective vector control and early diagnosis, along with continuous serosurveillance in animals, are crucial to fight this arboviral disease. however, the success of vector control operations is linked wi ... | 2018 | 29625090 |
| entomological factors in relation to the occurrence of japanese encephalitis in malkangiri district, odisha state, india. | japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne arbo-viral disease with seasonal occurrence. since 2009, aes/je cases have been reported from malkangiri district of odisha state, india at an interval of one year.in the current study, the entomological parameters of known je vector mosquito species were assessed for one year in malkangiri district. mosquito collections were done fortnightly in the index villages from august 2015 to july 2016 to record the density, their breeding habitats, feeding behav ... | 2019 | 31544624 |
| development of a pcr methodology to distinguish species members of culex vishnui subgroup (diptera: culicidae), based on dna barcodes. | | 2017 | 27060606 |
| avian plasmodium infection in field-collected mosquitoes during 2012-2013 in tarlac, philippines. | global warming threatens to increase the spread and prevalence of mosquito-transmitted diseases. certain pathogens may be carried by migratory birds and transmitted to local mosquito populations. mosquitoes were collected in the northern philippines during bird migration seasons to detect avian malaria parasites as well as for the identification of potential vector species and the estimation of infections among local mosquito populations. we used the nested pcr to detect the avian malaria specie ... | 2015 | 26611975 |
| study of mosquito fauna in rice ecosystems around hanoi, northern vietnam. | species of the culex vishnui subgroup, cx. fuscocephala and cx. gelidus, which are known japanese encephalitis (je) vectors, are distributed in rice agroecosystems in asian countries. hence, although ecological studies of rice agroecosystems in northern vietnam are necessary, very few integrated studies of breeding habitats of mosquitoes, including je vectors, have been conducted. we carried out a field study and investigated the mosquito fauna in six rice production areas in northern vietnam du ... | 2015 | 25445747 |
| multiple resistance of culex vishnui theobald against four major classes of insecticides in an agricultural area in sekinchan, selangor, malaysia. | the resistance status of riceland culex vishnui against four major groups of insecticides (i.e., organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates and pyrethroids) was investigated. biochemical assays (estĪ±, estĪ², mfo and gst) were also conducted to detect the resistance levels. throughout a 12-month study period, multiple insecticide resistance was observed in both larvae and adult cx vishnui. culex vishnui larvae exhibited low resistance against malathion, temephos and permethrin with resistance r ... | 2014 | 25134893 |
| japanese encephalitis vaccine: need of the hour in endemic states of india. | japanese encephalitis (je), a mosquito-borne arboviral infection, is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in asia. most worldwide cases of je are reported annually from the people's republic of china (prc), korea, japan, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and parts of oceania. je virus is transmitted by culex mosquitoes particularly of the culex vishnui group (c. tritaeniorhynchus). humans get infected following a bite by an infected mosquito. however, since humans cannot transmit infec ... | 2012 | 22370517 |
| a comparative study of mosquito and sand fly (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) sampling using dry ice and chemically generated carbon dioxide from three different prototype co2 generators. | a comparative study was conducted to test the efficiency of centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) light traps baited with either dry ice or carbon dioxide (co2) produced from one of three different sources in collecting mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. treatments consisted of dry ice pellets, co2 gas produced from one of three prototype co2 generator systems (tda, cube, moustiq-air med-e-cell - mec), and a cdc light trap without a co2 source. the best performing prototype ... | 2019 | 30321387 |
| notes on the culicine mosquitoes of singapore. ii. the culex vishnui group (diptera, culicidae), with descriptions of two new species. | | 1957 | 13425320 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of the ecological, biological and behavioural variants of the je vector culex tritaeniorhynchus: an assessment of its taxonomic status. | culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae), an important vector of japanese encephalitis belongs to the culex vishnui subgroup which includes two other vector species namely, cx. vishnui and cx. pseudovishnui. many varieties and types of cx. tritaeniorhynchus have been reported, besides populations that exhibit behavioural and biological differences. this study was undertaken to find out whether cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations exhibiting behavioural and biological variations, and those from ... | 2015 | 25815866 |
| entomological investigation of japanese encephalitis outbreak in malkangiri district of odisha state, india. | a severe outbreak of japanese encephalitis (je) and acute encephalitis syndrome (aes) with high case fatality was reported from malkangiri district of odisha state, india during september to november 2016 affecting 336 children with 103 deaths. | 2018 | 29768623 |
| a note on tolerance to insecticides in culex vishnui, a japanese encephalitis vector. | | 1997 | 9465539 |
| changing paradigm in the epidemiology of japanese encephalitis in a non-endemic region. | japanese encephalitis (je) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease. the je virus (jev) does not cause any disease among its natural hosts and transmission continues through mosquitoes belonging to culex vishnui subgroup. this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of jev in mosquitoes and humans in the thanjavur district, a non-endemic region for je, in tamil nadu, by using standard available assays. | 2019 | 30618446 |
| evaluation of mosquito larvicidal activity of fruit extracts of acacia auriculiformis against the japanese encephalitis vector culex vishnui. | the larvicidal potentiality of crude and ethyl acetate extracts of fruits of acacia auriculiformis was investigated against all the larval instars of je vector culex vishnui. the crude extracts showed good results against all the larval instars with highest mortality at 0.09%. highest mortality was found at 300 ppm of ethyl acetate extract. lowest lc50 value was obtained at 72 h for third instar larvae. non target organisms tested, showed no to very less mortality to ethyl acetate solvent extrac ... | 2019 | 29457745 |
| microfilaria persistent foci during post mda and the risk assessment of resurgence in india. | pondicherry, a union territory in india, is an endemic district for bancroftian lymphatic filariasis transmitted by culex quinquefasciatus where eight rounds of mass drug administration (mda) were completed in 2011 (annually once from 2004 to 2011).the objectives of this study were to conduct a focal survey to assess microfilaria and antigen (ag) prevalence among young adults and to assess vector infection and infectivity through a focal entomological survey. | 2018 | 30026669 |
| larvivorous potentiality of puntius tetrazona and hyphessobrycon rosaceus against culex vishnui subgroup in laboratory and field based bioassay. | this study assessed the predatory potentiality of two unexplored fishes, puntius tetrazona and hyphessobrycon rosaceus on culex vishnui subgroup larvae in order to utilize natural resources to diminish mosquito population. larval feeding rate was evaluated in laboratory under varying prey density and volume of water. the experiment was extended to semi field condition. | 2018 | 30409146 |