Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| entomological factors in relation to the occurrence of japanese encephalitis in malkangiri district, odisha state, india. | japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne arbo-viral disease with seasonal occurrence. since 2009, aes/je cases have been reported from malkangiri district of odisha state, india at an interval of one year.in the current study, the entomological parameters of known je vector mosquito species were assessed for one year in malkangiri district. mosquito collections were done fortnightly in the index villages from august 2015 to july 2016 to record the density, their breeding habitats, feeding behav ... | 2019 | 31544624 |
| changing paradigm in the epidemiology of japanese encephalitis in a non-endemic region. | japanese encephalitis (je) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease. the je virus (jev) does not cause any disease among its natural hosts and transmission continues through mosquitoes belonging to culex vishnui subgroup. this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of jev in mosquitoes and humans in the thanjavur district, a non-endemic region for je, in tamil nadu, by using standard available assays. | 2019 | 30618446 |
| insecticide resistance status of three vectors of japanese encephalitis in east central india. | japanese encephalitis (je) has been reported in different districts of odisha state (east central india) since 1992. during 2016, a major outbreak of je and acute encephalitis syndrome (aes) occurred in the malkangiri district of odisha, causing 103 deaths in children, of which 37 were caused by je and 66 by aes. information on insecticide resistance in je vectors is important for the selection of appropriate insecticides for use in vector control. the present study was designed to determine the ... | 2019 | 30565276 |
| larvivorous potentiality of puntius tetrazona and hyphessobrycon rosaceus against culex vishnui subgroup in laboratory and field based bioassay. | this study assessed the predatory potentiality of two unexplored fishes, puntius tetrazona and hyphessobrycon rosaceus on culex vishnui subgroup larvae in order to utilize natural resources to diminish mosquito population. larval feeding rate was evaluated in laboratory under varying prey density and volume of water. the experiment was extended to semi field condition. | 2018 | 30409146 |
| a comparative study of mosquito and sand fly (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) sampling using dry ice and chemically generated carbon dioxide from three different prototype co2 generators. | a comparative study was conducted to test the efficiency of centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) light traps baited with either dry ice or carbon dioxide (co2) produced from one of three different sources in collecting mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. treatments consisted of dry ice pellets, co2 gas produced from one of three prototype co2 generator systems (tda, cube, moustiq-air med-e-cell - mec), and a cdc light trap without a co2 source. the best performing prototype ... | 2019 | 30321387 |
| microfilaria persistent foci during post mda and the risk assessment of resurgence in india. | pondicherry, a union territory in india, is an endemic district for bancroftian lymphatic filariasis transmitted by culex quinquefasciatus where eight rounds of mass drug administration (mda) were completed in 2011 (annually once from 2004 to 2011).the objectives of this study were to conduct a focal survey to assess microfilaria and antigen (ag) prevalence among young adults and to assess vector infection and infectivity through a focal entomological survey. | 2018 | 30026669 |
| entomological investigation of japanese encephalitis outbreak in malkangiri district of odisha state, india. | a severe outbreak of japanese encephalitis (je) and acute encephalitis syndrome (aes) with high case fatality was reported from malkangiri district of odisha state, india during september to november 2016 affecting 336 children with 103 deaths. | 2018 | 29768623 |
| dna barcoding of five japanese encephalitis mosquito vectors (culex fuscocephala, culex gelidus, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex pseudovishnui and culex vishnui). | culex mosquitoes can act as vectors of several important diseases, including japanese encephalitis, west nile virus, st. louis encephalitis and equine encephalitis. besides the neurological sequelae caused in humans, japanese encephalitis can lead to abortion in sows and encephalitis in horses. effective vector control and early diagnosis, along with continuous serosurveillance in animals, are crucial to fight this arboviral disease. however, the success of vector control operations is linked wi ... | 2018 | 29625090 |
| evaluation of mosquito larvicidal activity of fruit extracts of acacia auriculiformis against the japanese encephalitis vector culex vishnui. | the larvicidal potentiality of crude and ethyl acetate extracts of fruits of acacia auriculiformis was investigated against all the larval instars of je vector culex vishnui. the crude extracts showed good results against all the larval instars with highest mortality at 0.09%. highest mortality was found at 300 ppm of ethyl acetate extract. lowest lc50 value was obtained at 72 h for third instar larvae. non target organisms tested, showed no to very less mortality to ethyl acetate solvent extrac ... | 2019 | 29457745 |
| incidence of dengue and chikungunya viruses in mosquitoes and human patients in border provinces of vietnam. | dengue virus remains a major threat in vietnam, while chikungunya virus is expected to become one. surveillance was conducted from 2012 to 2014 in vietnam to assess the presence of dengue and chikungunya viruses in patients hospitalized with acute fever in five vietnam provinces neighboring lao pdr and cambodia. surveillance was extended to mosquitoes present in the vicinity of the patients' households. | 2017 | 29121985 |
| molecular typing and phylogeny of wolbachia: a study from assam, north-eastern part of india. | wolbachia are maternally inherited endosymbiotic alphaproteobacteria, infecting 40-75% of arthropod species. knowledge on distribution of native strains infecting mosquito vectors from endemic regions is essential for successful implementation of vector control interventions utilizing potential strains of wolbachia. study identified various native strains of wolbachia inhabiting different mosquito species from field and colonised conditions of assam. the fly drosophila melanogaster was also incl ... | 2017 | 28939497 |
| diversity of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) attracted to human subjects in rubber plantations, secondary forests, and villages in luang prabang province, northern lao pdr. | the impact of the rapid expansion of rubber plantations in south-east asia on mosquito populations is uncertain. we compared the abundance and diversity of adult mosquitoes using human-baited traps in four typical rural habitats in northern lao pdr: secondary forests, immature rubber plantations, mature rubber plantations, and villages. generalized estimating equations were used to explore differences in mosquito abundance between habitats, and simpson's diversity index was used to measure speci ... | 2017 | 28505314 |
| identifying sources, pathways and risk drivers in ecosystems of japanese encephalitis in an epidemic-prone north indian district. | japanese encephalitis (je) has caused repeated outbreaks in endemic pockets of india. this study was conducted in kushinagar, a highly endemic district, to understand the human-animal-ecosystem interactions, and the drivers that influence disease transmission. utilizing the ecosystems approach, a cross-sectional, descriptive study, employing mixed methods design was employed. four villages (two with pig-rearing and two without) were randomly selected from a high, a medium and a low burden (based ... | 2017 | 28463989 |
| larvicidal activity of phytosteroid compounds from leaf extract of solanum nigrum against culex vishnui group and anopheles subpictus. | vector control is facing a menace due to the appearance of resistance to synthetic insecticides. insecticides of plant origin may provide appropriate substitute biocontrol techniques in the future. the present study was carried out to investigate the bio control potentiality of active ingredient isolated from chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of mature leaves of solanum nigrum l. (solanaceae) against early 3rd instar larvae of culex vishnui group (comprising of cx. vishnui theobald, cx. pse ... | 2017 | 28330500 |
| commensal viruses of mosquitoes: host restriction, transmission, and interaction with arboviral pathogens. | recent advances in virus detection strategies and deep sequencing technologies have enabled the identification of a multitude of new viruses that persistently infect mosquitoes but do not infect vertebrates. these are usually referred to as insect-specific viruses (isvs). these novel viruses have generated considerable interest in their modes of transmission, persistence in mosquito populations, the mechanisms that restrict their host range to mosquitoes, and their interactions with pathogens tr ... | 2017 | 28096646 |
| how zoophilic japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes feed on humans. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is the most frequent cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in asian countries. several culicine species are potential vectors. the primary jev vectors feed mainly on cows (a dead-end host for jev), pigs (an amplifying host), and, occasionally, humans (a dead-end host). it is essential to determine blood-feeding patterns to understand the transmission cycle of the disease. here we review blood-feeding characteristics of the primary jev vectors culex tritaeniorhync ... | 2017 | 28082626 |
| detection of west nile virus in six mosquito species in synchrony with seroconversion among sentinel chickens in india. | west nile virus (wnv) is a zoonotic flavivirus maintained in mosquito-bird transmission cycle. although humans are accidental hosts, fatal outcomes following wnv infection have been reported from india. studies have identified wnv as an important etiological agent causing acute encephalitis syndrome in assam, northeast india. while circulation of wnv is evident, the role of vectors and avian hosts involved in the transmission remains unclear. in this study we identified local mosquito species fo ... | 2017 | 28061903 |
| intensive circulation of japanese encephalitis virus in peri-urban sentinel pigs near phnom penh, cambodia. | despite the increased use of vaccination in several asian countries, japanese encephalitis (je) remains the most important cause of viral encephalitis in asia in humans with an estimated 68,000 cases annually. considered a rural disease occurring mainly in paddy-field dominated landscapes where pigs are amplifying hosts, je may nevertheless circulate in a wider range of environment given the diversity of its potential hosts and vectors. the main objective of this study was to assess the intensit ... | 2016 | 27926937 |
| a tropical menace of co-infection of japanese encephalitis and neurocysticercosis in two children. | japanese encephalitis (je) is a mosquito borne encephalitis caused by flavivirus. neurocysticercosis (ncc) is a parasitic disease of the central nervous system caused by taenia solium. in this report, we describe the clinical profile, imaging findings, and outcome of two children with je and coexisting ncc. eleven and thirteen-year-old boys from the same town of jharkhand state were brought with history of fever, seizures, altered sensorium, and extrapyramidal symptoms. dystonia, hypomimia, brad ... | 0 | 27606026 |
| vertical stratification of adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) within a tropical rainforest in sabah, malaysia. | malaria cases caused by plasmodium knowlesi, a simian parasite naturally found in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques, are increasing rapidly in sabah, malaysia. one hypothesis is that this increase is associated with changes in land use. a study was carried out to identify the anopheline vectors present in different forest types and to observe the human landing behaviour of mosquitoes. | 2016 | 27430261 |
| japanese encephalitis : is routine immunization required? | japanese encephalitis is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in asia. in endemic areas annual incidence ranges from 10-100 per 100000 population. case fatality averages 30% and a high percentage of the survivors are left with permanent neuropshychiatric sequelae. there is no effective drug treatment for this disease. in recent decades, japanese encephalitis virus has caused epidemics in previously unaffected countries like india, myanmar, nepal, sri lanka, thailand and viet nam. no effective ... | 2011 | 27407808 |
| assessment of angelica sinensis (oliv.) diels as a repellent for personal protection against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions in northern thailand. | angelica sinensis (oliv.) hexane extract (ahe) has been reported as a proven and impressive repellent against laboratory-reared female aedes aegypti mosquitoes. with the aim of promoting products of plant origin as a viable alternative to conventional synthetic substances, this study was designed to transform ahe-based repellents for exploitable commercial production by enhancing their efficacy and assessing their physical and biological stability as well as repellency against mosquitoes under l ... | 2016 | 27357395 |
| development of a pcr methodology to distinguish species members of culex vishnui subgroup (diptera: culicidae), based on dna barcodes. | 2017 | 27060606 | |
| the spatio-temporal distribution of japanese encephalitis cases in different age groups in mainland china, 2004 - 2014. | japanese encephalitis (je) is very prevalent in china, but the incidence of je among children has been greatly reduced by extensive promotion of vaccinations. the incidence of je among adults, however, has increased in some parts of china. | 2016 | 27050414 |
| japanese encephalitis: challenges and intervention opportunities in nepal. | japanese encephalitis (je) is a mosquito borne zoonotic disease caused by je virus (jev). je has been endemic in terai region, the lowland plains of nepal bordering india, since 1978. however, in recent years cases of je has been continuously reported from high altitude zones of hills and mountains. irrigated rice farming system, expanded pig husbandry practices, inadequate vaccine coverage, low level of public awareness and climate change favoring mosquito breeding in higher altitudes might be ... | 2015 | 27046998 |
| an outbreak of japanese encephalitis after two decades in odisha, india. | sudden deaths in children due to acute encephalitis syndrome (aes) from a tribal dominated district of malkangiri in odisha, india, was reported during september-november, 2012. the investigation was carried out to search for the possible viral aetiology that caused this outbreak. clinico-epidemiological survey and seromolecular investigation were carried out to confirm the viral aetiology. two hundred seventy two suspected cases with 24 deaths were observed. the patients presented with low to m ... | 0 | 26905239 |
| sampling design influences the observed dominance of culex tritaeniorhynchus: considerations for future studies of japanese encephalitis virus transmission. | mosquito sampling during japanese encephalitis virus (jev)-associated studies, particularly in india, has usually been conducted via aspirators or light traps to catch mosquitoes around cattle, which are dead-end hosts for jev. high numbers of culex tritaeniorhynchus, relative to other species, have often been caught during these studies. less frequently, studies have involved sampling outdoor resting mosquitoes. we aimed to compare the relative abundance of mosquito species between these two pr ... | 2016 | 26726881 |
| evaluation of cdc light traps for mosquito surveillance in a malaria endemic area on the thai-myanmar border. | centers for disease control and prevention miniature light traps (cdc-lt) baited with co2 are a routine tool for adult mosquito sampling used in entomological surveys, and for monitoring and surveillance of disease vectors. the present study was aimed at evaluating the performance of baited and unbaited cdc-lt for indoor and outdoor trapping of endemic mosquito species in northwestern thailand. | 2015 | 26666683 |
| avian plasmodium infection in field-collected mosquitoes during 2012-2013 in tarlac, philippines. | global warming threatens to increase the spread and prevalence of mosquito-transmitted diseases. certain pathogens may be carried by migratory birds and transmitted to local mosquito populations. mosquitoes were collected in the northern philippines during bird migration seasons to detect avian malaria parasites as well as for the identification of potential vector species and the estimation of infections among local mosquito populations. we used the nested pcr to detect the avian malaria specie ... | 2015 | 26611975 |
| remarkable repellency of ligusticum sinense (umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of anopheles minimus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | for personal protection against mosquito bites, user-friendly natural repellents, particularly from plant origin, are considered as a potential alternative to applications currently based on synthetics such as deet, the standard chemical repellent. this study was carried out in thailand to evaluate the repellency of ligusticum sinense hexane extract (lhe) against laboratory anopheles minimus and aedes aegypti, the primary vectors of malaria and dengue fever, respectively. | 2015 | 26249666 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of the ecological, biological and behavioural variants of the je vector culex tritaeniorhynchus: an assessment of its taxonomic status. | culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae), an important vector of japanese encephalitis belongs to the culex vishnui subgroup which includes two other vector species namely, cx. vishnui and cx. pseudovishnui. many varieties and types of cx. tritaeniorhynchus have been reported, besides populations that exhibit behavioural and biological differences. this study was undertaken to find out whether cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations exhibiting behavioural and biological variations, and those from ... | 2015 | 25815866 |
| distribution of mosquito larvae in various breeding sites in national zoo malaysia. | mosquitoes are principal vectors of major vector-borne diseases. they are widely found throughout urban and rural areas in malaysia. they are responsible for various vector-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, filariasis and encephalitis. a total of 158 mosquito larvae specimens were collected from the national zoo, malaysia, from 11 types of breeding habitats during the study period from end of may 2007 to july 2007. aedes albopictus was the predominant species (35.4%), followed by tripteroi ... | 2015 | 25801269 |
| study of mosquito fauna in rice ecosystems around hanoi, northern vietnam. | species of the culex vishnui subgroup, cx. fuscocephala and cx. gelidus, which are known japanese encephalitis (je) vectors, are distributed in rice agroecosystems in asian countries. hence, although ecological studies of rice agroecosystems in northern vietnam are necessary, very few integrated studies of breeding habitats of mosquitoes, including je vectors, have been conducted. we carried out a field study and investigated the mosquito fauna in six rice production areas in northern vietnam du ... | 2015 | 25445747 |
| emerging vector-borne zoonoses: eco-epidemiology and public health implications in india. | the diseases originating from animals or associated with man and animals are remerging and have resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality. the present review highlights the re-emergence of emerging mainly zoonotic diseases like chikungunya, scrub typhus, and extension of spatial distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis from western rajasthan to himachal pradesh, kerala, and haryana states; west nile virus to assam, and non-endemic areas of japanese encephalitis (je) like maharashtra and je ... | 2014 | 25325052 |
| laboratory evaluation of molluscicidal & mosquito larvicidal activities of leaves of solanum nigrum l. | indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides has created serious problem for the aquatic flora and fauna, and also resulted in appearance of pesticide resistance in vector population. this study was designed to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of aqueous and solvent extracts of mature leaves of solanum nigrum l., against fresh water snail lymnaea acuminata f. rufescens (gray) (an intermediate host of parasites causing fasciolopsiasis) and larvae of culex vishnui group (reuben) (vector of japanese ... | 0 | 25297363 |
| multiple resistance of culex vishnui theobald against four major classes of insecticides in an agricultural area in sekinchan, selangor, malaysia. | the resistance status of riceland culex vishnui against four major groups of insecticides (i.e., organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates and pyrethroids) was investigated. biochemical assays (estα, estβ, mfo and gst) were also conducted to detect the resistance levels. throughout a 12-month study period, multiple insecticide resistance was observed in both larvae and adult cx vishnui. culex vishnui larvae exhibited low resistance against malathion, temephos and permethrin with resistance r ... | 2014 | 25134893 |
| spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in central nepal. | rapidly increasing temperatures in the mountain region of nepal and recent reports of dengue fever and lymphatic filariasis cases from mountainous areas of central nepal prompted us to study the spatio-temporal distribution of the vectors of these two diseases along an altitudinal transect in central nepal. | 2014 | 25078276 |
| comparison of genotypes i and iii in japanese encephalitis virus reveals distinct differences in their genetic and host diversity. | japanese encephalitis (je) is an arthropod-borne disease associated with the majority of viral encephalitis cases in the asia-pacific region. the causative agent, japanese encephalitis virus (jev), has been phylogenetically divided into five genotypes. recent surveillance data indicate that genotype i (gi) is gradually replacing genotype iii (giii) as the dominant genotype. to investigate the mechanism behind the genotype shift and the potential consequences in terms of vaccine efficacy, human c ... | 2014 | 25056890 |
| holoptelea integrifolia (roxb.) planch: a review of its ethnobotany, pharmacology, and phytochemistry. | holoptelea integrifolia (ulmaceae) is a versatile medicinal plant used in various indigenous systems of medicine for curing routine healthcare maladies. it is traditionally used in the treatment and prevention of several ailments like leprosy, inflammation, rickets, leucoderma, scabies, rheumatism, ringworm, eczema, malaria, intestinal cancer, and chronic wounds. in vitro and in vivo pharmacological investigations on crude extracts and isolated compounds showed antibacterial, antifungal, analges ... | 2014 | 24949441 |
| regulation of cell survival and death during flavivirus infections. | flaviviruses, ss(+) rna viruses, include many of mankind's most important pathogens. their pathogenicity derives from their ability to infect many types of cells including neurons, to replicate, and eventually to kill the cells. flaviviruses can activate tumor necrosis factor α and both intrinsic (bax-mediated) and extrinsic pathways to apoptosis. thus they can use many approaches for activating these pathways. infection can lead to necrosis if viral load is extremely high or to other types of c ... | 0 | 24921001 |
| mesoniviruses are mosquito-specific viruses with extensive geographic distribution and host range. | the family mesoniviridae (order nidovirales) comprises of a group of positive-sense, single-stranded rna ([+]ssrna) viruses isolated from mosquitoes. | 2014 | 24884700 |
| monitoring of malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis vectors. | vector monitoring in military stations would help in protecting the armed forces from vector borne diseases such as malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis. | 2013 | 24843200 |
| a new species of mesonivirus from the northern territory, australia. | here we describe casuarina virus (casv), a new virus in the family mesoniviridae. this is the first report of a mesonivirus in australia, which extends the geographical range of this virus family to 3 continents. the virus was isolated in 2010 from coquillettidia xanthogaster mosquitoes during surveillance in the suburbs of darwin, the capital of the northern territory. cryo-electron microscopy of the casv virions revealed spherical particles of 65 nm in size with large club-shaped projections o ... | 2014 | 24670468 |
| review of insecticide resistance and behavioral avoidance of vectors of human diseases in thailand. | physiological resistance and behavioral responses of mosquito vectors to insecticides are critical aspects of the chemical-based disease control equation. the complex interaction between lethal, sub-lethal and excitation/repellent ('excito-repellent') properties of chemicals is typically overlooked in vector management and control programs. the development of "physiological" resistance, metabolic and/or target site modifications, to insecticides has been well documented in many insect groups and ... | 2013 | 24294938 |
| first report on adulticide susceptibility status of aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex vishnui from a pig farm in tanjung sepat, selangor, malaysia. | the present study aims to investigate the susceptibility status of aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and cx. vishnui collected from a pig farm in tanjung sepat, selangor, toward 11 insecticides representing the classes of organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates, and pyrethroids. the results of a world health organization adult mosquito bioassay revealed that ae. albopictus, cx. quinquefasciatus, and cx. vishnui exhibited different susceptibility toward various insecticides. overall ... | 2013 | 24199499 |
| field detection of tembusu virus in western thailand by rt-pcr and vector competence determination of select culex mosquitoes for transmission of the virus. | tembusu virus (tmuv; ntaya serocomplex) was detected in two pools of mosquitoes captured near sangkhlaburi, thailand, as well as from sera from sentinel ducks from the same area. although tmuv has been isolated from several mosquito species in asia, no studies have ever shown competent vectors for this virus. therefore, we allowed mosquitoes captured near sangkhlaburi to feed on young chickens that had been infected with tmuv. these mosquitoes were tested approximately 2 weeks later to determine ... | 2013 | 24043687 |
| ecology of west nile virus in north america. | the introduction, dispersal and establishment of west nile virus in north america were reviewed, focusing on factors that may have enhanced receptivity and enabled the invasion process. the overwintering persistence of this tropical virus within temperate latitudes was unexpected, but was key in the transition from invasion to endemic establishment. the cascade of temporal events allowing sporadic amplification to outbreak levels was discussed within a future perspective. | 2013 | 24008376 |
| entomo-virological study of a suspected japanese encephalitis outbreak in muzaffarpur district, bihar, india. | 0 | 23760390 | |
| first indigenous transmission of japanese encephalitis in urban areas of national capital territory of delhi, india. | until 2010, no japanese encephalitis (je) had been reported from delhi. upon report of four confirmed cases of je in september 2011, detailed investigations were carried out to determine whether the cases were imported or indigenous. | 2013 | 23682856 |
| seasonal abundance and potential of japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds, thailand. | to investigate the abundance and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes, and to detect japanese encephalitis virus (jev) in these mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds. | 0 | 23620839 |
| genetic diversity of japanese encephalitis virus isolates obtained from the indonesian archipelago between 1974 and 1987. | five genotypes (gi-v) of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) have been identified, all of which have distinct geographical distributions and epidemiologies. it is thought that jev originated in the indonesia-malaysia region from an ancestral virus. from that ancestral virus gv diverged, followed by giv, giii, gii, and gi. genotype iv appears to be confined to the indonesia-malaysia region, as giv has been isolated in indonesia from mosquitoes only, while gv has been isolated on three occasions onl ... | 2013 | 23590316 |
| lead levels of culex mosquito larvae inhabiting lead utilizing factory. | to determine lead level primarily in culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), and culex gelidus (cx. gelidus) larvae inhabiting lead consuming factories, and to putatively estimate eco-toxicological impact of effluents from the firms. | 0 | 23569727 |
| concurrent infection of japanese encephalitis and mixed plasmodium infection. | 2012 | 23560024 | |
| barrier screens: a method to sample blood-fed and host-seeking exophilic mosquitoes. | determining the proportion of blood meals on humans by outdoor-feeding and resting mosquitoes is challenging. this is largely due to the difficulty of finding an adequate and unbiased sample of resting, engorged mosquitoes to enable the identification of host blood meal sources. this is particularly difficult in the south-west pacific countries of indonesia, the solomon islands and papua new guinea where thick vegetation constitutes the primary resting sites for the exophilic mosquitoes that are ... | 2013 | 23379959 |
| a novel mosquito-borne orbivirus species found in south-east asia. | the genus orbivirus of the family reoviridae includes a genetically diverse group of dsrna arthropod-borne viruses that infect a wide variety of animal species. here, we report the complete genome and phylogenetic analysis of a novel orbivirus (ian-66411 or sathuvachari virus, sviv) isolated in 1963 from starlings (brahminy myna) collected in vellore, tamil nadu, india. comparative genetic analysis of the sviv polymerase (vp1 protein), core protein (vp3) and outer core protein (vp7) confirmed th ... | 2013 | 23364187 |
| surveillance of japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes in vietnam from 2006 to 2008. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection in mosquitoes was monitored in vietnam from 2006 to 2008. a total of 15,225 mosquitoes, identified as 26 species in five genera were collected and 12,621 were grouped into 447 pools for examination of jev infection by assays for cytopathic effects in c6/36 cells and by rt-pcr to detect flavivirus rna. three jev strains were isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus giles collected in northern and southern vietnam and two jev strains were isolated from cule ... | 2013 | 23358634 |
| negevirus: a proposed new taxon of insect-specific viruses with wide geographic distribution. | six novel insect-specific viruses, isolated from mosquitoes and phlebotomine sand flies collected in brazil, peru, the united states, ivory coast, israel, and indonesia, are described. their genomes consist of single-stranded, positive-sense rnas with poly(a) tails. by electron microscopy, the virions appear as spherical particles with diameters of ∼45 to 55 nm. based on their genome organization and phylogenetic relationship, the six viruses, designated negev, ngewotan, piura, loreto, dezidougo ... | 2012 | 23255793 |
| occurrence of japanese encephalitis virus mosquito vectors in relation to urban pig holdings. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is transmitted to humans from pigs or birds by mosquitoes. in this study, the association between urban pig keeping and mosquito vectors was analyzed. a total of 7, 419 mosquitoes were collected overnight in urban households with and without pigs in can tho city, vietnam. the most prevalent vectors were culex tritaeniorhynchus (36%), cx. gelidus (24%), and cx. quinquefasciatus (15%), which were present in all parts of the city. pigs were associated with increase ... | 2012 | 23033401 |
| the roles and perspectives of toll-like receptors and cd4(+) helper t cell subsets in acute viral encephalitis. | acute viral encephalitis caused by neurotrophic viruses, such as mosquito-borne flaviviruses, is an emerging and re-emerging disease that represents an immense global health problem. considerable progression has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of acute viral encephalitis, but the immune-pathological processes occurring during the progression of encephalitis and the roles played by various molecules and cellular components of the innate and adaptive systems still remain undefined. rec ... | 2012 | 22740790 |
| ecological niche modeling to estimate the distribution of japanese encephalitis virus in asia. | culex tritaeniorhynchus is the primary vector of japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a leading cause of encephalitis in asia. jev is transmitted in an enzootic cycle involving large wading birds as the reservoirs and swine as amplifying hosts. the development of a jev vaccine reduced the number of je cases in regions with comprehensive childhood vaccination programs, such as in japan and the republic of korea. however, the lack of vaccine programs or insufficient coverage of populations in other ... | 2012 | 22724030 |
| mesoniviridae: a proposed new family in the order nidovirales formed by a single species of mosquito-borne viruses. | recently, two independent surveillance studies in côte d'ivoire and vietnam, respectively, led to the discovery of two mosquito-borne viruses, cavally virus and nam dinh virus, with genome and proteome properties typical for viruses of the order nidovirales. using a state-of-the-art approach, we show that the two insect nidoviruses are (i) sufficiently different from other nidoviruses to represent a new virus family, and (ii) related to each other closely enough to be placed in the same virus sp ... | 2012 | 22527862 |
| a review of the invasive mosquitoes in europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options. | there has been growing interest in europe in recent years in the establishment and spread of invasive mosquitoes, notably the incursion of aedes albopictus through the international trade in used tires and lucky bamboo, with onward spread within europe through ground transport. more recently, five other non-european aedine mosquito species have been found in europe, and in some cases populations have established locally and are spreading. concerns have been raised about the involvement of these ... | 2012 | 22448724 |
| japanese encephalitis vaccine: need of the hour in endemic states of india. | japanese encephalitis (je), a mosquito-borne arboviral infection, is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in asia. most worldwide cases of je are reported annually from the people's republic of china (prc), korea, japan, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and parts of oceania. je virus is transmitted by culex mosquitoes particularly of the culex vishnui group (c. tritaeniorhynchus). humans get infected following a bite by an infected mosquito. however, since humans cannot transmit infec ... | 2012 | 22370517 |
| discovery of the first insect nidovirus, a missing evolutionary link in the emergence of the largest rna virus genomes. | nidoviruses with large genomes (26.3-31.7 kb; 'large nidoviruses'), including coronaviridae and roniviridae, are the most complex positive-sense single-stranded rna (ssrna+) viruses. based on genome size, they are far separated from all other ssrna+ viruses (below 19.6 kb), including the distantly related arteriviridae (12.7-15.7 kb; 'small nidoviruses'). exceptionally for ssrna+ viruses, large nidoviruses encode a 3'-5'exoribonuclease (exon) that was implicated in controlling rna replication fi ... | 2011 | 21931546 |
| evaluation of larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against three mosquito vectors. | to evaluate the mosquito larvicidal activity of plant extracts. | 2011 | 21771411 |
| population dynamics of adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in malaria endemic villages of kuala lipis, pahang, malaysia. | mosquitoes in malaria endemic areas needs to be monitored constantly in order to detect demographic changes that could affect control measures. a 12-month mosquito population survey was conducted in several malaria endemic areas in pos lenjang, kuala lipis, pahang, malaysia. collection of mosquitoes using a human landing catch technique was carried out indoors and outdoors for 12 hours from 7:00 pm to 7:00 am for 42 nights. anopheles maculatus theobald (31.0%), armigeres flavus leicester (11.3%) ... | 2011 | 21710845 |
| west nile virus infection, assam, india. | to the editor: west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. sporadic infections with this virus have been found in africa, europe, asia, and the united states. in humans, most infections with wnv cause subclinical or a mild influenza-like illness; encephalitis occurs in some (1). in india, antibodies against wnv were first detected in humans in bombay in 1952 (2). virus activity has been reported in southern, central, and western india. wnv has been isolated in india from culex vishnui ... | 2011 | 21529426 |
| the effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (itmns) on japanese encephalitis virus seroconversion in pigs and humans. | the effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (itmns) on japanese encephalitis (je) virus seroconversion in pigs and humans was studied in assam, northeast india. a sharp reduction of seroconversion rate in human and pig was found in treated localities after intervention. a marked reduction was achieved in humans (risk ratio [rr] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [ci] = 0.16-0.49) and pigs (rr = 0.21, ci = 0.11-0.40) in the kollolua locality where itmns were used on both humans and pigs compared ... | 2011 | 21363988 |
| serological investigations of flavivirus prevalence in khammouane province, lao people's democratic republic, 2007-2008. | a large-scale cross-sectional seroprevalence study of dengue (den) and japanese encephalitis (je) was conducted in khammouane province, lao pdr, as part of the initial baseline health impact assessment of the nam theun 2 hydroelectric dam construction project. health surveys were performed between may 2007 and february 2008 with serum samples collected from healthy individuals involved in the resettlement program of 16 villages (total surveyed population 4,369). hemagglutination inhibition assay ... | 2010 | 21036856 |
| molecular identification of mosquito vectors using genomic dna isolated from eggshells, larval and pupal exuvium. | correct and precise identification of mosquito vectors is important in many respects including development of vector control strategies. conventional identification methods have limitations for sibling and closely related species of mosquitoes, stage and quality of the specimen used and this could be overcome by dna-based identification methods using molecular markers such as nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) which do not demand intact or undamaged specimen. genomic dna is usua ... | 2010 | 20562813 |
| interspecies predation between anopheles gambiae s.s. and culex quinquefasciatus larvae. | interaction of aquatic stages of coexisting mosquito species may have significant influence on resulting adult mosquito populations. we used two coexisting species, anopheles gambiae s.s. and culex quinquefasciatus to investigate whether third instars of one species consumed first instars of the other. first instars of one species were readily consumed by a third instar of the other species irrespective food quantity. dna of cx. quinquefasciatus was detected in the eight an. gambiae s.s. third i ... | 2010 | 20380312 |
| emergence of zoonotic arboviruses by animal trade and migration. | abstract: arboviruses are transmitted in nature exclusively or to a major extend by arthropods. they belong to the most important viruses invading new areas in the world and their occurrence is strongly influenced by climatic changes due to the life cycle of the transmitting vectors. several arboviruses have emerged in new regions of the world during the last years, like west nile virus (wnv) in the americas, usutu virus (usuv) in central europe, or rift valley fever virus (rvfv) in the arabian ... | 2010 | 20377873 |
| mosquito species associated within some western himalayas phytogeographic zones in the garhwal region of india. | thirty four species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were collected across three phytogeographic zones; tropical (300 to 1000 m), sub tropical (1000 to 2000 m) and temperate (2000 to 3000 m) in the garhwal region of india. they included 5 genera: aedes, anopheles, armigeres, culex and uranotaenia. of these, the immature forms of 23 species were recovered from different breeding habitats. the larval habitats were seepage pools, river beds, rice fields, tanks, forest pools, ditches, streams, roc ... | 2007 | 20233101 |
| hospital-based surveillance for japanese encephalitis at four sites in bangladesh, 2003-2005. | we investigated the epidemiology and etiology of encephalitis at four tertiary hospitals in bangladesh during 2003-2005. patients who met a clinical case definition for acute encephalitis and had cerebrospinal fluid (csf) pleocytosis were eligible for enrollment; a standardized sampling pattern was used to enroll eligible patients. recent japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection was defined by presence of igm antibodies against jev in csf or serum. twenty (4%) of 492 cases had laboratory evid ... | 2010 | 20134015 |
| present and future arboviral threats. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are important causes of human disease nearly worldwide. all arboviruses circulate among wild animals, and many cause disease after spillover transmission to humans and agriculturally important domestic animals that are incidental or dead-end hosts. viruses such as dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) that have lost the requirement for enzootic amplification now produce extensive epidemics in tropical urban centers. many arboviruses recently have increased i ... | 2010 | 19857523 |
| emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: part 1. | in this 2-part review, i will focus on emerging virus infections of the central nervous system (cns). part 1 will introduce the basic features of emerging infections, including their definition, epidemiology, and the frequency of cns involvement. important mechanisms of emergence will be reviewed, including viruses spreading into new host ranges as exemplified by west nile virus (wnv), japanese encephalitis (je) virus, toscana virus, and enterovirus 71 (ev71). emerging infections also result fro ... | 2009 | 19667214 |
| changing patterns of west nile virus transmission: altered vector competence and host susceptibility. | west nile virus (wnv) is a flavivirus (flaviviridae) transmitted between culex spp. mosquitoes and avian hosts. the virus has dramatically expanded its geographic range in the past ten years. increases in global commerce, climate change, ecological factors and the emergence of novel viral genotypes likely play significant roles in the emergence of this virus; however, the exact mechanism and relative importance of each is uncertain. previously wnv was primarily associated with febrile illness of ... | 2009 | 19406093 |
| species composition of mosquito fauna in ranau, sabah, malaysia. | the adult population and species composition of mosquitoes collected in ranau, sabah are described. a total of 5956 mosquitoes representing 8 genera and 41 species were collected using human landing catch, indoor and outdoor. anopheles maculatus was the most common species (15.6%) followed by culex quinquefasciatus (12.8%), culex pseudovishnui (12.1%), anopheles balabacensis (11.1%), culex vishnui (9.7%), aedes vexans (9.6%), culex tritaeniorhyncus (6.6%), anopheles donaldi (5.6%) and others in ... | 2008 | 19287362 |
| spatial epidemiology in zoonotic parasitic diseases: insights gained at the 1st international symposium on geospatial health in lijiang, china, 2007. | the 1st international symposium on geospatial health was convened in lijiang, yunnan province, people's republic of china from 8 to 9 september, 2007. the objective was to review progress made with the application of spatial techniques on zoonotic parasitic diseases, particularly in southeast asia. the symposium featured 71 presentations covering soil-transmitted and water-borne helminth infections, as well as arthropod-borne diseases such as leishmaniasis, malaria and lymphatic filariasis. the ... | 2009 | 19193214 |
| sampling of adult mosquito vectors with mosquito magnet pro in panaji, goa, india. | for mosquito vector population monitoring, a new commercial trap, mosquito magnet pro (mm-pro), was tested for its usefulness in goa, india. anopheles stephensi was tested for the presence of plasmodium sporozoite infection in the salivary glands. using the mm-pro 24 h a day for 34 days, 2,329 mosquitoes belonging to 16 species were collected. these included 6 species each of the genera anopheles and culex, 2 species of aedes, and 1 each of mansonia and armigeres. most (91%) of the mosquitoes ca ... | 2008 | 19181075 |
| evidence of introgression of the ace-1(r) mutation and of the ace-1 duplication in west african anopheles gambiae s. s. | the role of inter-specific hybridisation is of particular importance in mosquito disease vectors for predicting the evolution of insecticide resistance. two molecular forms of anopheles gambiae s.s., currently recognized as s and m taxa, are considered to be incipient sibling species. hybrid scarcity in the field was suggested that differentiation of m and s taxa is maintained by limited or absent gene flow. however, recent studies have revealed shared polymorphisms within the m and s forms, and ... | 2008 | 18478097 |
| desiccated vector mosquitoes used for the surveillance of japanese encephalitis virus activity in endemic southern india. | to monitor japanese encephalitis virus (jev) activity in endemic areas of tamil nadu, southern india, desiccated vector mosquitoes were screened for jev antigen using elisa, from 1996. a total of 133 233 specimens from eight index villages comprising 2816 pools (mainly culex vishnui subgroup) were tested. of these, 59 pools (2.1%) were positive for jev antigen. control measures were undertaken in positive villages accordingly. the average annual minimum infection rate was 0.8 at the beginning of ... | 2008 | 18304277 |
| influence of the distribution of host species on adult abundance of japanese encephalitis vectors culex vishnui subgroup and culex gelidus in a rice-cultivating village in northern vietnam. | a field study was conducted in a village in northern vietnam to investigate how host distribution influences japanese encephalitis (je) vector abundance. indoor and outdoor collections were conducted from 50 compounds. we collected three je vector species--culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex vishnui that comprised the culex vishnui group, and culex gelidus. spatial autocorrelation was not observed in the mosquito assemblies at any scale larger than the house compounds. multivariate analyses reveal ... | 2008 | 18187800 |
| forty years of erratic insecticide resistance evolution in the mosquito culex pipiens. | one view of adaptation is that it proceeds by the slow and steady accumulation of beneficial mutations with small effects. it is difficult to test this model, since in most cases the genetic basis of adaptation can only be studied a posteriori with traits that have evolved for a long period of time through an unknown sequence of steps. in this paper, we show how ace-1, a gene involved in resistance to organophosphorous insecticide in the mosquito culex pipiens, has evolved during 40 years of an ... | 2007 | 18020711 |
| different amino-acid substitutions confer insecticide resistance through acetylcholinesterase 1 insensitivity in culex vishnui and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) from china. | insecticide resistance owing to insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ache)1 has been reported in several mosquito species, and only two mutations in the ace-1 gene have been implicated in resistance: 119s and 331w substitutions. we analyzed the ache1 resistance status of culex vishnui (theobald) and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles sampled in various regions of china. these two species displayed distinct mutations leading to ache1 insensitivity; the 119s substitution in resistant c. vishnui mosquitoes ... | 2007 | 17547232 |
| effectiveness of zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil as an alternative repellent under laboratory and field applications. | recently, there were considerable efforts made to promote the use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable natural insecticides and repellents, particularly from botanical sources. in this study, zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil isolated by steam distillation was investigated and compared to the standard synthetic repellent, n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet), for repellency against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. the oil of z. piperitum alone and also with 5% ... | 2007 | 16896651 |
| population interactions between culex vishnui mosquitoes and their natural enemies in pondicherry, india. | population interactions among mosquitoes in the culex vishnui subgroup, which are vectors of japanese encephalitis, and their natural enemies were studied in pondicherry, india. we tested the hypothesis that the breakdown of interactions between the larvae and their natural enemies due to drought followed by rain was responsible for the sudden increase in the vector population above the threshold for disease transmission during the heavy rainy period. we randomly sampled mosquito larvae and thei ... | 2006 | 16859094 |
| natural survivorship of immature stages of culex vishnui (diptera: culicidae) complex, vectors of japanese encephalitis virus, in rice fields in southern india. | the development and survival of immatures of culex vishnui (diptera: culicidae) complex, vectors of japanese encephalitis virus, were studied in transplanted rice, oryza savita l., fields during three crop growing seasons. the total duration of development from the first instar to adult emergence varied from 6 to 8 d. survival rate estimates ranged from 0.003 to 0.524, but they generally were <0.1. unusually high survival rates (0.192-0.524) were observed in summer and long-term monsoon crop sea ... | 2006 | 16619597 |
| role of some factors on the breeding of je vector culex vishnui group. | vector of je, culex vishnui group, prefer to breed in rice field. during the present study, roles of some factors like irrigation, manuring, pesticide application, rainfall, temperature and ph of the breeding water, depth of breeding water and height of paddy plants on breeding of culex vishnui group larvae have been studied. it is evident from the study that besides striking role of the factors like manuring and pesticide application, other factors have also some role on the breeding of je vect ... | 2004 | 16506548 |
| coltiviruses and seadornaviruses in north america, europe, and asia. | coltiviruses are tickborne viruses of the genus coltivirus. the type species, colorado tick fever virus (from north america), has been isolated from patients with flulike syndromes, meningitis, encephalitis, and other severe complications. another coltivirus, eyach virus, has been isolated from ticks in france and germany and incriminated in febrile illnesses and neurologic syndromes. seadornaviruses are endemic in southeast asia, particularly indonesia and china. the prototype virus of the genu ... | 2005 | 16318717 |
| laboratory bio-assay of temephos and fenthion against some vector species of public health importance. | laboratory studies carried out using temephos and fenthion, two commonly used larvicides under urban malaria scheme (nmep) and nfcp for the control of mosquito larvae. the results revealed that the lc50 and lc90 values for temephos against aedes aegypti 0.0177 and 0.0559, anopheles stephensi 0.0148 and 0.0472, culex quinquefasciatus 0.0157 & 0.0480 and for culex vishnui group of mosquitoes 0.043 & 0.0118 ppm respectively. the results obtained revealed that there is a 62.8 & 94.12 times increase ... | 2004 | 16295670 |
| repellent properties of celery, apium graveolens l., compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. | in our search for new bioactive products against mosquito vectors, we reported the slightly larvicidal and adulticidal potency, but remarkable repellency of apium graveolens both in laboratory and field conditions. repellency of the ethanolic preparation of hexane-extracted a. graveolens was, therefore, investigated and compared with those of 15 commercial mosquito repellents including the most widely used, deet. hexane-extracted a. graveolens showed a significant degree of repellency in a dose- ... | 2005 | 16262746 |
| biological transmission of arboviruses: reexamination of and new insights into components, mechanisms, and unique traits as well as their evolutionary trends. | among animal viruses, arboviruses are unique in that they depend on arthropod vectors for transmission. field research and laboratory investigations related to the three components of this unique mode of transmission, virus, vector, and vertebrate host, have produced an enormous amount of valuable information that may be found in numerous publications. however, despite many reviews on specific viruses, diseases, or interests, a systematic approach to organizing the available information on all f ... | 0 | 16223950 |
| role of modified cdc miniature light-traps as an alternative method for sampling adult anophelines (diptera: culicidae) in the national mosquito surveillance programme in india. | the efficiency of modified cdc miniature light-traps for sampling adult mosquitoes was evaluated in comparison with indoor resting, outdoor resting, indoor man-landing and outdoor man-landing collections in the hilly district of koraput, orissa, india. overall, light-traps captured 78% of adult mosquitoes collected by all methods. of the 16 anopheline species recorded in the study area, light-traps effectively sampled 13, contributing about 72% of the total anophelines collected by all methods. ... | 2004 | 14972050 |
| an investigation into the je epidemic of 2000 in upper assam--a perspective study. | the viral encephalitis epidemic during 2000 involved all the seven districts of upper assam (with 96.4% cases). the epidemiological, serological, clinical and entomological observations of the epidemic confirmed it to be due to je. these were analysed, presented and discussed in the light of past history/records of the disease in the state. the epidemic was confined to the peak monsoon months of july and august (96% of the cases in the past). serologically, 75-90% cases were confirmed to be due ... | 2002 | 14768832 |
| pre- and postprandial mosquito resting behavior around cattle hosts. | spatial distribution of mosquitoes around a bovine host was studied in november 1997 in northern thailand (17 degrees 38'n. 99 degrees 23'e). forty bamboo stakes were arranged 1 m apart, in 4 rays of 10, around a cow tethered in an open field. all mosquitoes found resting on the stakes were collected by aspiration between 7:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m., sexed, and identified to species; and feeding status was categorized as fed or unfed. collections were repeated over 8 nights, with and without the ho ... | 2003 | 14524542 |
| natural mortality in mosquitoes of the culex vishnui group in south india. | 1963 | 14296142 | |
| notes on the culicine mosquitoes of singapore. ii. the culex vishnui group (diptera, culicidae), with descriptions of two new species. | 1957 | 13425320 | |
| seasonal prevalence of culex vishnui subgroup, the major vectors of japanese encephalitis virus in an endemic district of andhra pradesh, india. | seasonal prevalence of members of the culex vishnui subgroup, the major vectors of japanese encephalitis virus (je) in an endemic district of andhra pradesh, was investigated. approximately 15,500 mosquitoes belonging to 2 genera and 5 species were collected by indoor-resting collections. the predominant species were found to be from the cx. vishnui subgroup, which comprised 42.6% of the total collection, followed by anopheles subpictus (40.4%), an. hyrcanus (12.8%), cx. gelidus (3.5%), and an. ... | 2002 | 12542185 |
| antigen distribution pattern of west nile virus in culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex vishnui and culex pseudovishnui mosquitoes. | distribution of west nile (wn) virus antigen in different tissues of mosquitoes was studied in three species viz., culex tritaeniorhynchus, c. vishnui and c. pseudovishnui. overall per cent positivity was higher in the intra thoracically inoculated as compared to the orally infected mosquitoes, suggesting the existence of a midgut barrier. in a small number of mosquitoes salivary glands were found negative even though fluorescence was seen in the respective head squashes, suggesting salivary gla ... | 2001 | 12206036 |