Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| aquatic macrophytes and the associated mosquitoes in and around madurai city (tamil nadu). | a survey of mosquitoes was carried out in 7 weeded astatic ponds in and around madurai from october 1990 to january 1991 to qualitatively determine the macrophyte-mosquito larvae association. members of culex vishnui subgroup were associated with most of the macrophytes. eichhornia crassipes, marsilea quadrifolia and spirodella polyrhiza showed a high potential for mosquito breeding and azolla sp., a very low potential for both anophelines and culicines. | 1991 | 1688022 |
| resistance levels of nine mosquito species to 4% ddt in phnom penh, kampuchea. | according to the standard who method criteria, the mosquitoes anopheles campestris and culex vishnui were found to be susceptible to ddt in the territory of phnom penh. an. vagus and an. sinensis were approximately at the limit of susceptibility and the remaining five species (aedes vexans, cx. tritaeniorhynchus, cx. fuscocephala, cx. gelidus, cx. bitaeniorhynchus) were found to be more or less resistant. except for an. vagus, the males of all species were more susceptible than the females. | 1991 | 1808034 |
| occurrence of culex vishnui group of mosquitoes in the rural areas of a desert district (bikaner). | two important mosquito vectors viz., c. pseudovishnui and c. tritaeneorhynchus have been studied with respect to their occurrence, breeding and peculiar resting habitats in the desert district of bikaner, rajasthan. resting habitats such as depressions made on the walls of rain water ponds by water current and breeding habitats like agricultural wells are reported. the abiotic ecological conditions peculiar to desert like saline water, ph and high temperature were correlated with species densiti ... | 1991 | 1959957 |
| colonization of rice fields by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and larvivorous predators in asynchronous rice cultivation areas in the philippines. | colonization of rice fields by mosquitoes and larvivorous predators was studied in asynchronous rice cultivation areas in the philippines. dipper samples were taken from rice fields at six phases of maturity (fallow, ploughed, nursery, newly transplanted, after tillering, mature). all phases were present concurrently at each of two study sites. abundance levels of the vishnui subgroup of culex and of the genus anopheles were high in ploughed fields, nurseries, and newly transplanted fields; this ... | 1990 | 2388229 |
| susceptibility status of culex vishnui to ddt and dieldrin in deoria, uttar pradesh. | 1989 | 2553797 | |
| seroepidemiological study of japanese encephalitis in dimapur, nagaland. | a seroepidemiological study of japanese encephalitis (je) in dimapur, nagaland was carried out following an outbreak of the disease between july, 1985 and february, 1986. altogether 50 persons were affected with 30 (60 per cent) deaths. the attack and death rates per 1000 were more in nagas viz. 0.55 and 0.34 than non-nagas viz. 0.33 and 0.20 respectively. all ages and both sexes were affected. of the nine mosquito species encountered culex vishnui showed the highest density (44.5/mh). culture o ... | 1989 | 2553798 |
| susceptibility status of vectors of japanese encephalitis to insecticides in south arcot and tirunelveli districts of tamil nadu. | villages in south arcot and tirunelveli districts with high incidence of japanese encephalitis were selected for the study of insecticidal resistance to vectors. culex vishnui and anopheles hyrcanus group were found to be resistant to ddt (4 per cent for 60 min. exposure) and dieldrin (0.4 per cent for 60 min. exposure) but susceptible to malathion (5 per cent for 60 min. exposure). so far, this is perhaps the first report of anopheles hyrcanus group resistant to ddt and dieldrin to be reported ... | 1989 | 2559119 |
| density of culex vishnui and appearance of je antibody in sentinel chicks and wild birds in relation to japanese encephalitis cases. | in the district of burdwan, a rural area of west bengal state, india, japanese encephalitis (je) virus is endemic. in one village a longitudinal survey was conducted in order to find out whether associations could be established between the density of the vector mosquito culex vishnui in two types of resting places, the incidence of infections in sentinel chicks exposed at monthly intervals, the prevalence of antibodies in wild birds and the occurrence of clinical infections in the human populat ... | 1986 | 3008391 |
| transovarial transmission of japanese encephalitis virus in culex vishnui mosquitoes. | 1986 | 3817929 | |
| an analysis of mosquito collections with special reference to the incidence and prevalence of 'culex vishnui complex' in the japanese encephalitis infected localities of north arcot district, madras state, india, from december 1955 through december 1957. | 1969 | 4321467 | |
| studies on the mosquitoes of north arcot district, madras state, india. 5. breeding places of the culex vishnui group of species. | 1971 | 4400663 | |
| studies on the mosquitoes of north arcot district, madras state, india. 6. seasonal prevalence of the culex vishnui group of species. | 1971 | 4400664 | |
| [taxonomic studies on culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and culex vishnui theobald. 9. re-examination of the upright forked scales covering the vertex of the adult insect]. | 1968 | 5692204 | |
| experimental transmission of japanese encephalitis virus by culex vishnui theobald. | 1984 | 6086511 | |
| isolation of japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected in sabak bernam, selangor, malaysia in 1992. | detection and isolation of japanese encephalitis (je) virus were attempted from female mosquitoes collected in kampong pasir panjang, sabak bernam, selangor, from may to november 1992. a total of 7,400 mosquitoes consisting of 12 species in 148 pools were processed and inoculated into aedes albopictus clone c6/36 cell cultures. of these, 26 pools showed the presence of viral antigens in the infected c6/36 cells by specific immunoperoxidase staining using an anti-je virus polyclonal antibody. pre ... | 1995 | 7616198 |
| mosquito (diptera: culicidae) and predator abundance in irrigated and rain-fed rice fields in north sulawesi, indonesia. | immature mosquito species composition and abundance were studied in irrigated and rain-fed rice fields of north sulawesi, indonesia. irrigated rice fields were characterized by the prevalence of aquatic macrophytes and cyprinodont larvivorous fish, aplocheilus panchax (hamilton), but abundance per dip of most aquatic insect predators was lower than that in rain-fed rice fields. anopheles peditaeniatus (leicester), culex vishnui theobald, and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, were dominant in both i ... | 1995 | 7616528 |
| experimental studies on the susceptibility of domestic pigs to west nile virus followed by japanese encephalitis virus infection and vice versa. | a study on the susceptibility of domestic pigs to west nile virus (wnv) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection was carried out. one batch of pigs was inoculated with wnv followed by jev and another batch was inoculated vice versa. the first batch developed low level of viraemia and haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies to both viruses. there was a booster effect on the already existing wnv antibodies after challenging with jev. in the second batch the animals developed high level ... | 1994 | 7817897 |
| host feeding patterns of culex vishnui sub group of mosquitoes in dibrugarh district of assam. | the host feeding patterns of three species of mosquitoes belonging to vishnui sub group, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex vishnui and culex pseudovishnui, the most prevalent species in dibrugarh district were determined by analysing their blood meals. all 3 species were found be essentially zoophilic. high percentage of pig feeding was observed in culex tritaeniorhynchus (40 per cent) and culex vishnui (35.3 per cent) in comparison to other prevalent species in this area. in contrast culex pseudov ... | 1994 | 7868835 |
| studies on japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes in selangor, malaysia. | mosquito collections were carried out from may to june 1992 and from september to december 1992 in an area where a case of japanese encephalitis was confirmed. a total of 40,072 mosquitoes belonging to 35 species and 8 genera were collected. the dominant species in that locality were culex vishnui, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex pseudovishnui, culex gelidus, aedes butleri, and mansonia uniformis. | 1993 | 8126485 |
| ecology of mosquitos (diptera: culicidae) at a site endemic with japanese encephalitis on luzon, republic of the philippines. | a 2-year study of the ecology of mosquitos was conducted in a rice-growing area in the philippines. forty-four species in 8 genera were collected using 6 techniques, with culex vishnui being most abundant. of all the anopheles collected, most species were exophagic, while most of the culex species collected were endophagic. anthropophilic or zoophilic feeding patterns were estimated using man-to-animal biting ratios. peak periods of mosquito abundance occurred several months after the onset of b ... | 1993 | 8395738 |
| mosquito breeding in relation to aquatic vegetation and some physico-chemical parameters in rice fields of central gujarat. | mosquito breeding in relation to aquatic vegetation and certain physico-chemical parameters was studied in rice fields of kheda district in central gujarat. a total of 14 anopheline and 15 culicine species were encountered in close association with different types of aquatic vegetation in different proportions. among anophelines, anopheles annularis, an. nigerrimus, an. subpictus and an. tessellatus were of general distribution and were found associated with each aquatic vegetation. an. culicifa ... | 1996 | 8690130 |
| effectiveness of repellent formulations containing deet against mosquitoes in northeastern thailand. | formulations of the repellent diethyl methyl benzamide (deet) were evaluated against mosquitoes in field tests conducted in sisaket province, northeastern thailand. thirty-three percent deet in an applicator stick provided > or = 87.1% protection against primarily culex vishnui, cx. gelidus, and cx. tritaeniorhynchus for up to 5 h, and 50% deet in ethanol provided > or = 93.3% protection against anopheles sp. and culicines for up to 8 h. the u.s. army extended duration repellent formulation ([ed ... | 1996 | 8827616 |
| a survey of larval and adult mosquitoes on the flood plains of bangladesh, in relation to flood-control activities. | a mosquito survey was carried out between october 1991 and november 1992 on the flood plains of bangladesh, as part of a baseline study designed to help predict the effects on vector-borne diseases of embanking rivers under the bangladesh government's flood action plan. overall, 15 species of larval and 15 species of adult anophelines were collected, along with 13 larval and 21 adult culicines. anophelines made up only 6% of the mosquitoes caught at human bait. the most abundant anopheline bitin ... | 1996 | 9039274 |
| role of some environmental factors in modulating seasonal abundance of potential japanese encephalitis vectors in assam, india. | temporal changes in the abundance of host-seeking, potential japanese encephalitis (je) vector mosquitos and the role of some ecological factors that are modulating the abundance of vector mosquitos were studied. vector surveillance was conducted for one year in 4 je prone villages of dibrugarh, assam. among potential je vectors, the most abundant mosquito was culex vishnui s.s. comprising about 22.32%. maximum density of the mosquito was found during the month of april and another peak was obse ... | 1996 | 9280008 |
| japanese encephalitis in south arcot district, tamil nadu, india: a three-year longitudinal study of vector abundance and infection frequency. | in the south arcot district, an area endemic for japanese encephalitis in tamil nadu, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, culex vishnui theobald, culex gelidus theobald and culex fuscocephala theobald constituted 93.6% of 422,621 adult females representing 27 culicine species collected between august 1991 and july 1994. vector abundance was lowest in the hot and dry season (april-june) and highest in the cool and wet season (october-december). overall, 285,531 adult female mosquitoes (5,710 pools) we ... | 1997 | 9439119 |
| a note on tolerance to insecticides in culex vishnui, a japanese encephalitis vector. | 1997 | 9465539 | |
| comparisons of rice field mosquito (diptera: culicidae) abundance among areas with different agricultural practices in northern thailand. | adult mosquitoes were collected from 3 areas in northern thailand with different availabilities of rice fields for larval habitats by using blacklight, truck, and pig-baited traps. culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and culex gelidus theobald were dominant in all samples. significant study-area differences were found in light and truck trap collections for cx. tritaeniorhynchus and cx. gelidus, but not for culex vishnui theobald + culex pseudovishnui colless. in pig-baited sample area differences wer ... | 1998 | 9775619 |
| species diversity and interspecific associations among mosquitoes in rice agro-ecosystem of kheda district, gujarat. | rice agro-ecosystem of kheda district in central gujarat was inhabited by 14 species of anophelines and 15 species of culicines. anopheles subpictus and culex vishnui gr dominated the respective groups. species diversity in rice fields as well as in associated habitats remained high during non-monsoon (rabi) period. there existed several positive and negative interspecific associations. malaria vector an. culicifacies showed positive association with an. subpictus, an. annularis, an. pallidus an ... | 1998 | 10319558 |
| dynamics of japanese encephalitis--a study in mathematical epidemiology. | an s-->i-->r-->s (susceptible-infective-recovered-susceptible) epidemiological model coupling the dynamics of the spread of japanese encephalitis (je) in two populations, human and reservoir animals (pigs, cattle, equines, birds, etc.) through a vector population (a particular species of mosquitos, culex vishnui, culex tritaeniorhynchus, etc.) is discussed. we assume that there is a constant recruitment rate of the susceptibles into both the populations, whereas the death rates are proportional ... | 1999 | 10335598 |
| mosquito and aquatic predator communities in ground pools on lands deforested for rice field development in central sulawesi, indonesia. | aquatic habitats, mosquitoes, and larvivorous predators were studied on deforested lands in central sulawesi, indonesia. open ground pools, mainly in depressions made by the treads of bulldozers and other heavy equipment, were numerous but because of their small size, comprised ca. 1% or less of the total area of the deforested lands studied. the dominant mosquitoes in these pools were anopheles vagus, culex vishnui, culex tritaeniorhynchus, and culex gelidus. the 1st 2 species were dominant in ... | 1999 | 10412104 |
| blood meal identification by using microdot elisa in vector mosquitoes. | the blood meals of five mosquito species which are vectors for malaria, j.e. and filaria were determined by using microdot elisa technique, which is a rapid and sensitive method. a total of 4354 freshly fed mosquitoes comprising of anopheles culicifacies, an stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus, cx. vishnui gp. and cx. tritaeniorhynchus were tested. results of the study reveal that highest proportion of an. culicifacies between 76-100% fed on bovine host followed by 0.3 to 24.2% on human. cx. vishn ... | 1998 | 10810570 |
| identification of culex vishnui subgroup (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes from the ryukyu archipelago, japan: development of a species-diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay based on sequence variation in ribosomal dna spacers. | the culex vishnui subgroup includes three important vectors of japanese encephalitis virus, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, cx. pseudovishnui colless, and cx. vishnui theobald, all of which occur in the ryukyu archipelago, japan. although these three species have been shown to be vectors of je virus in many areas of southeast asia, it is not yet known what role each plays in the transmission of the virus in this region. reliable identification of adult, field-collected specimens is a critical com ... | 2000 | 10916296 |
| heterogeneity in the host preference of japanese encephalitis vectors in chiang mai, northern thailand. | experiments, using the capture-mark-release-recapture technique inside large nets, were carried out in chiang mai, northern thailand, to examine heterogeneity in the host preference of japanese encephalitis (je) vectors. a significantly higher proportion of the vector species that were initially attracted to a cow fed when released into a net with a cow than when released into a net containing a pig. however, culex vishnui individuals that had been attracted to a pig had a higher feeding rate in ... | 2000 | 10974986 |
| effects of organic and inorganic fertilisers on mosquito populations in rice fields of southern india. | the effects of nitrogenous (inorganic) fertilisers, organic manures and blue-green algae (bga) biofertiliser on mosquito populations (diptera: culicidae) were studied in rice fields of madurai, tamil nadu, south india, with particular attention to culex vishnui theobald, cx. pseudovishnui colless and cx. tritaeniorhynchus giles, the vectors of japanese encephalitis (je). the application of urea, a nitrogenous fertiliser, in rice fields significantly increased the grain yield and the population d ... | 2000 | 11129699 |
| japanese encephalitis epidemic in anantapur district, andhra pradesh (october-november, 1999). | epidemic of japanese encephalitis has occurred in andhra pradesh during october-november, 1999 affecting 15 out of 23 districts. in total, 873 cases with 178 deaths have been recorded up to the day 29.11.99. the epidemiological investigation has been done in anantapur district in western andhra pradesh, where the outbreak has started in the third week of october. in the district 47 phc have been affected. on an average 4.5 per cent of 3175 villages have been affected. average number of cases per ... | 2000 | 11668943 |
| factors influencing the abundance of japanese encephalitis vectors in ricefields in india--i. abiotic. | mosquitoes of the culex vishnui subgroup (diptera: culicidae) are the most important vectors of japanese encephalitis (je) and ricefields are their most productive breeding sites in south india, where predominant species of this subgroup are culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, cx. pseudovishnui colless and cx. vishnui theobald sensu stricto. the relationship of 13 abiotic variables with the abundance of cx. vishnui subgroup immatures was investigated in transplanted rice fields for 3 years (1991-94) ... | 2001 | 11776457 |
| eco-epidemiological characteristics of an unstable peri-urban focus of falciparum malaria. | two fever surveys were carried out in shahbad dairy, delhi in the post-monsoon months of october and november, 1996. shahbad dairy is a peri-urban locality in the northern periphery of delhi. the prevalence of fever was found to be 11.6% in october and 2% in november. in the two surveys a total of 21 (28%) fever cases were found infected with malaria (17 with p. falciparum and 4 with p. vivax). the prevalence of malaria in the surveyed population was lower (25%) in october than in november (36.8 ... | 2001 | 11898456 |
| transovarial transmission of west nile virus in culex vishnui mosquito. | the phenomenon of transovarial transmission (tot) of west nile (wn) virus in culex vishnui was studied. the virus was detected in the progeny of both first and second gonotropic cycles (g1 and g2). about 5.56 per cent pools of f1 progeny from the parent females infected by the oral route were found positive for wn virus. this is the first report of tot of wn virus in this species of mosquito. the occurrence of this phenomenon is of considerable importance in view of complex natural cycle of the ... | 2001 | 12040765 |
| antigen distribution pattern of west nile virus in culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex vishnui and culex pseudovishnui mosquitoes. | distribution of west nile (wn) virus antigen in different tissues of mosquitoes was studied in three species viz., culex tritaeniorhynchus, c. vishnui and c. pseudovishnui. overall per cent positivity was higher in the intra thoracically inoculated as compared to the orally infected mosquitoes, suggesting the existence of a midgut barrier. in a small number of mosquitoes salivary glands were found negative even though fluorescence was seen in the respective head squashes, suggesting salivary gla ... | 2001 | 12206036 |
| seasonal prevalence of culex vishnui subgroup, the major vectors of japanese encephalitis virus in an endemic district of andhra pradesh, india. | seasonal prevalence of members of the culex vishnui subgroup, the major vectors of japanese encephalitis virus (je) in an endemic district of andhra pradesh, was investigated. approximately 15,500 mosquitoes belonging to 2 genera and 5 species were collected by indoor-resting collections. the predominant species were found to be from the cx. vishnui subgroup, which comprised 42.6% of the total collection, followed by anopheles subpictus (40.4%), an. hyrcanus (12.8%), cx. gelidus (3.5%), and an. ... | 2002 | 12542185 |
| notes on the culicine mosquitoes of singapore. ii. the culex vishnui group (diptera, culicidae), with descriptions of two new species. | 1957 | 13425320 | |
| natural mortality in mosquitoes of the culex vishnui group in south india. | 1963 | 14296142 | |
| pre- and postprandial mosquito resting behavior around cattle hosts. | spatial distribution of mosquitoes around a bovine host was studied in november 1997 in northern thailand (17 degrees 38'n. 99 degrees 23'e). forty bamboo stakes were arranged 1 m apart, in 4 rays of 10, around a cow tethered in an open field. all mosquitoes found resting on the stakes were collected by aspiration between 7:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m., sexed, and identified to species; and feeding status was categorized as fed or unfed. collections were repeated over 8 nights, with and without the ho ... | 2003 | 14524542 |
| an investigation into the je epidemic of 2000 in upper assam--a perspective study. | the viral encephalitis epidemic during 2000 involved all the seven districts of upper assam (with 96.4% cases). the epidemiological, serological, clinical and entomological observations of the epidemic confirmed it to be due to je. these were analysed, presented and discussed in the light of past history/records of the disease in the state. the epidemic was confined to the peak monsoon months of july and august (96% of the cases in the past). serologically, 75-90% cases were confirmed to be due ... | 2002 | 14768832 |
| role of modified cdc miniature light-traps as an alternative method for sampling adult anophelines (diptera: culicidae) in the national mosquito surveillance programme in india. | the efficiency of modified cdc miniature light-traps for sampling adult mosquitoes was evaluated in comparison with indoor resting, outdoor resting, indoor man-landing and outdoor man-landing collections in the hilly district of koraput, orissa, india. overall, light-traps captured 78% of adult mosquitoes collected by all methods. of the 16 anopheline species recorded in the study area, light-traps effectively sampled 13, contributing about 72% of the total anophelines collected by all methods. ... | 2004 | 14972050 |
| biological transmission of arboviruses: reexamination of and new insights into components, mechanisms, and unique traits as well as their evolutionary trends. | among animal viruses, arboviruses are unique in that they depend on arthropod vectors for transmission. field research and laboratory investigations related to the three components of this unique mode of transmission, virus, vector, and vertebrate host, have produced an enormous amount of valuable information that may be found in numerous publications. however, despite many reviews on specific viruses, diseases, or interests, a systematic approach to organizing the available information on all f ... | 0 | 16223950 |
| repellent properties of celery, apium graveolens l., compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. | in our search for new bioactive products against mosquito vectors, we reported the slightly larvicidal and adulticidal potency, but remarkable repellency of apium graveolens both in laboratory and field conditions. repellency of the ethanolic preparation of hexane-extracted a. graveolens was, therefore, investigated and compared with those of 15 commercial mosquito repellents including the most widely used, deet. hexane-extracted a. graveolens showed a significant degree of repellency in a dose- ... | 2005 | 16262746 |
| laboratory bio-assay of temephos and fenthion against some vector species of public health importance. | laboratory studies carried out using temephos and fenthion, two commonly used larvicides under urban malaria scheme (nmep) and nfcp for the control of mosquito larvae. the results revealed that the lc50 and lc90 values for temephos against aedes aegypti 0.0177 and 0.0559, anopheles stephensi 0.0148 and 0.0472, culex quinquefasciatus 0.0157 & 0.0480 and for culex vishnui group of mosquitoes 0.043 & 0.0118 ppm respectively. the results obtained revealed that there is a 62.8 & 94.12 times increase ... | 2004 | 16295670 |
| coltiviruses and seadornaviruses in north america, europe, and asia. | coltiviruses are tickborne viruses of the genus coltivirus. the type species, colorado tick fever virus (from north america), has been isolated from patients with flulike syndromes, meningitis, encephalitis, and other severe complications. another coltivirus, eyach virus, has been isolated from ticks in france and germany and incriminated in febrile illnesses and neurologic syndromes. seadornaviruses are endemic in southeast asia, particularly indonesia and china. the prototype virus of the genu ... | 2005 | 16318717 |
| role of some factors on the breeding of je vector culex vishnui group. | vector of je, culex vishnui group, prefer to breed in rice field. during the present study, roles of some factors like irrigation, manuring, pesticide application, rainfall, temperature and ph of the breeding water, depth of breeding water and height of paddy plants on breeding of culex vishnui group larvae have been studied. it is evident from the study that besides striking role of the factors like manuring and pesticide application, other factors have also some role on the breeding of je vect ... | 2004 | 16506548 |
| natural survivorship of immature stages of culex vishnui (diptera: culicidae) complex, vectors of japanese encephalitis virus, in rice fields in southern india. | the development and survival of immatures of culex vishnui (diptera: culicidae) complex, vectors of japanese encephalitis virus, were studied in transplanted rice, oryza savita l., fields during three crop growing seasons. the total duration of development from the first instar to adult emergence varied from 6 to 8 d. survival rate estimates ranged from 0.003 to 0.524, but they generally were <0.1. unusually high survival rates (0.192-0.524) were observed in summer and long-term monsoon crop sea ... | 2006 | 16619597 |
| population interactions between culex vishnui mosquitoes and their natural enemies in pondicherry, india. | population interactions among mosquitoes in the culex vishnui subgroup, which are vectors of japanese encephalitis, and their natural enemies were studied in pondicherry, india. we tested the hypothesis that the breakdown of interactions between the larvae and their natural enemies due to drought followed by rain was responsible for the sudden increase in the vector population above the threshold for disease transmission during the heavy rainy period. we randomly sampled mosquito larvae and thei ... | 2006 | 16859094 |
| effectiveness of zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil as an alternative repellent under laboratory and field applications. | recently, there were considerable efforts made to promote the use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable natural insecticides and repellents, particularly from botanical sources. in this study, zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil isolated by steam distillation was investigated and compared to the standard synthetic repellent, n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet), for repellency against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. the oil of z. piperitum alone and also with 5% ... | 2007 | 16896651 |
| different amino-acid substitutions confer insecticide resistance through acetylcholinesterase 1 insensitivity in culex vishnui and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) from china. | insecticide resistance owing to insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ache)1 has been reported in several mosquito species, and only two mutations in the ace-1 gene have been implicated in resistance: 119s and 331w substitutions. we analyzed the ache1 resistance status of culex vishnui (theobald) and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles sampled in various regions of china. these two species displayed distinct mutations leading to ache1 insensitivity; the 119s substitution in resistant c. vishnui mosquitoes ... | 2007 | 17547232 |
| forty years of erratic insecticide resistance evolution in the mosquito culex pipiens. | one view of adaptation is that it proceeds by the slow and steady accumulation of beneficial mutations with small effects. it is difficult to test this model, since in most cases the genetic basis of adaptation can only be studied a posteriori with traits that have evolved for a long period of time through an unknown sequence of steps. in this paper, we show how ace-1, a gene involved in resistance to organophosphorous insecticide in the mosquito culex pipiens, has evolved during 40 years of an ... | 2007 | 18020711 |
| influence of the distribution of host species on adult abundance of japanese encephalitis vectors culex vishnui subgroup and culex gelidus in a rice-cultivating village in northern vietnam. | a field study was conducted in a village in northern vietnam to investigate how host distribution influences japanese encephalitis (je) vector abundance. indoor and outdoor collections were conducted from 50 compounds. we collected three je vector species--culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex vishnui that comprised the culex vishnui group, and culex gelidus. spatial autocorrelation was not observed in the mosquito assemblies at any scale larger than the house compounds. multivariate analyses reveal ... | 2008 | 18187800 |
| desiccated vector mosquitoes used for the surveillance of japanese encephalitis virus activity in endemic southern india. | to monitor japanese encephalitis virus (jev) activity in endemic areas of tamil nadu, southern india, desiccated vector mosquitoes were screened for jev antigen using elisa, from 1996. a total of 133 233 specimens from eight index villages comprising 2816 pools (mainly culex vishnui subgroup) were tested. of these, 59 pools (2.1%) were positive for jev antigen. control measures were undertaken in positive villages accordingly. the average annual minimum infection rate was 0.8 at the beginning of ... | 2008 | 18304277 |
| evidence of introgression of the ace-1(r) mutation and of the ace-1 duplication in west african anopheles gambiae s. s. | the role of inter-specific hybridisation is of particular importance in mosquito disease vectors for predicting the evolution of insecticide resistance. two molecular forms of anopheles gambiae s.s., currently recognized as s and m taxa, are considered to be incipient sibling species. hybrid scarcity in the field was suggested that differentiation of m and s taxa is maintained by limited or absent gene flow. however, recent studies have revealed shared polymorphisms within the m and s forms, and ... | 2008 | 18478097 |
| sampling of adult mosquito vectors with mosquito magnet pro in panaji, goa, india. | for mosquito vector population monitoring, a new commercial trap, mosquito magnet pro (mm-pro), was tested for its usefulness in goa, india. anopheles stephensi was tested for the presence of plasmodium sporozoite infection in the salivary glands. using the mm-pro 24 h a day for 34 days, 2,329 mosquitoes belonging to 16 species were collected. these included 6 species each of the genera anopheles and culex, 2 species of aedes, and 1 each of mansonia and armigeres. most (91%) of the mosquitoes ca ... | 2008 | 19181075 |
| spatial epidemiology in zoonotic parasitic diseases: insights gained at the 1st international symposium on geospatial health in lijiang, china, 2007. | the 1st international symposium on geospatial health was convened in lijiang, yunnan province, people's republic of china from 8 to 9 september, 2007. the objective was to review progress made with the application of spatial techniques on zoonotic parasitic diseases, particularly in southeast asia. the symposium featured 71 presentations covering soil-transmitted and water-borne helminth infections, as well as arthropod-borne diseases such as leishmaniasis, malaria and lymphatic filariasis. the ... | 2009 | 19193214 |
| species composition of mosquito fauna in ranau, sabah, malaysia. | the adult population and species composition of mosquitoes collected in ranau, sabah are described. a total of 5956 mosquitoes representing 8 genera and 41 species were collected using human landing catch, indoor and outdoor. anopheles maculatus was the most common species (15.6%) followed by culex quinquefasciatus (12.8%), culex pseudovishnui (12.1%), anopheles balabacensis (11.1%), culex vishnui (9.7%), aedes vexans (9.6%), culex tritaeniorhyncus (6.6%), anopheles donaldi (5.6%) and others in ... | 2008 | 19287362 |
| changing patterns of west nile virus transmission: altered vector competence and host susceptibility. | west nile virus (wnv) is a flavivirus (flaviviridae) transmitted between culex spp. mosquitoes and avian hosts. the virus has dramatically expanded its geographic range in the past ten years. increases in global commerce, climate change, ecological factors and the emergence of novel viral genotypes likely play significant roles in the emergence of this virus; however, the exact mechanism and relative importance of each is uncertain. previously wnv was primarily associated with febrile illness of ... | 2009 | 19406093 |
| emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: part 1. | in this 2-part review, i will focus on emerging virus infections of the central nervous system (cns). part 1 will introduce the basic features of emerging infections, including their definition, epidemiology, and the frequency of cns involvement. important mechanisms of emergence will be reviewed, including viruses spreading into new host ranges as exemplified by west nile virus (wnv), japanese encephalitis (je) virus, toscana virus, and enterovirus 71 (ev71). emerging infections also result fro ... | 2009 | 19667214 |
| present and future arboviral threats. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are important causes of human disease nearly worldwide. all arboviruses circulate among wild animals, and many cause disease after spillover transmission to humans and agriculturally important domestic animals that are incidental or dead-end hosts. viruses such as dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) that have lost the requirement for enzootic amplification now produce extensive epidemics in tropical urban centers. many arboviruses recently have increased i ... | 2010 | 19857523 |
| hospital-based surveillance for japanese encephalitis at four sites in bangladesh, 2003-2005. | we investigated the epidemiology and etiology of encephalitis at four tertiary hospitals in bangladesh during 2003-2005. patients who met a clinical case definition for acute encephalitis and had cerebrospinal fluid (csf) pleocytosis were eligible for enrollment; a standardized sampling pattern was used to enroll eligible patients. recent japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection was defined by presence of igm antibodies against jev in csf or serum. twenty (4%) of 492 cases had laboratory evid ... | 2010 | 20134015 |
| mosquito species associated within some western himalayas phytogeographic zones in the garhwal region of india. | thirty four species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were collected across three phytogeographic zones; tropical (300 to 1000 m), sub tropical (1000 to 2000 m) and temperate (2000 to 3000 m) in the garhwal region of india. they included 5 genera: aedes, anopheles, armigeres, culex and uranotaenia. of these, the immature forms of 23 species were recovered from different breeding habitats. the larval habitats were seepage pools, river beds, rice fields, tanks, forest pools, ditches, streams, roc ... | 2007 | 20233101 |
| emergence of zoonotic arboviruses by animal trade and migration. | abstract: arboviruses are transmitted in nature exclusively or to a major extend by arthropods. they belong to the most important viruses invading new areas in the world and their occurrence is strongly influenced by climatic changes due to the life cycle of the transmitting vectors. several arboviruses have emerged in new regions of the world during the last years, like west nile virus (wnv) in the americas, usutu virus (usuv) in central europe, or rift valley fever virus (rvfv) in the arabian ... | 2010 | 20377873 |
| interspecies predation between anopheles gambiae s.s. and culex quinquefasciatus larvae. | interaction of aquatic stages of coexisting mosquito species may have significant influence on resulting adult mosquito populations. we used two coexisting species, anopheles gambiae s.s. and culex quinquefasciatus to investigate whether third instars of one species consumed first instars of the other. first instars of one species were readily consumed by a third instar of the other species irrespective food quantity. dna of cx. quinquefasciatus was detected in the eight an. gambiae s.s. third i ... | 2010 | 20380312 |
| molecular identification of mosquito vectors using genomic dna isolated from eggshells, larval and pupal exuvium. | correct and precise identification of mosquito vectors is important in many respects including development of vector control strategies. conventional identification methods have limitations for sibling and closely related species of mosquitoes, stage and quality of the specimen used and this could be overcome by dna-based identification methods using molecular markers such as nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) which do not demand intact or undamaged specimen. genomic dna is usua ... | 2010 | 20562813 |
| serological investigations of flavivirus prevalence in khammouane province, lao people's democratic republic, 2007-2008. | a large-scale cross-sectional seroprevalence study of dengue (den) and japanese encephalitis (je) was conducted in khammouane province, lao pdr, as part of the initial baseline health impact assessment of the nam theun 2 hydroelectric dam construction project. health surveys were performed between may 2007 and february 2008 with serum samples collected from healthy individuals involved in the resettlement program of 16 villages (total surveyed population 4,369). hemagglutination inhibition assay ... | 2010 | 21036856 |
| the effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (itmns) on japanese encephalitis virus seroconversion in pigs and humans. | the effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (itmns) on japanese encephalitis (je) virus seroconversion in pigs and humans was studied in assam, northeast india. a sharp reduction of seroconversion rate in human and pig was found in treated localities after intervention. a marked reduction was achieved in humans (risk ratio [rr] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [ci] = 0.16-0.49) and pigs (rr = 0.21, ci = 0.11-0.40) in the kollolua locality where itmns were used on both humans and pigs compared ... | 2011 | 21363988 |
| west nile virus infection, assam, india. | to the editor: west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. sporadic infections with this virus have been found in africa, europe, asia, and the united states. in humans, most infections with wnv cause subclinical or a mild influenza-like illness; encephalitis occurs in some (1). in india, antibodies against wnv were first detected in humans in bombay in 1952 (2). virus activity has been reported in southern, central, and western india. wnv has been isolated in india from culex vishnui ... | 2011 | 21529426 |
| population dynamics of adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in malaria endemic villages of kuala lipis, pahang, malaysia. | mosquitoes in malaria endemic areas needs to be monitored constantly in order to detect demographic changes that could affect control measures. a 12-month mosquito population survey was conducted in several malaria endemic areas in pos lenjang, kuala lipis, pahang, malaysia. collection of mosquitoes using a human landing catch technique was carried out indoors and outdoors for 12 hours from 7:00 pm to 7:00 am for 42 nights. anopheles maculatus theobald (31.0%), armigeres flavus leicester (11.3%) ... | 2011 | 21710845 |
| evaluation of larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against three mosquito vectors. | to evaluate the mosquito larvicidal activity of plant extracts. | 2011 | 21771411 |
| discovery of the first insect nidovirus, a missing evolutionary link in the emergence of the largest rna virus genomes. | nidoviruses with large genomes (26.3-31.7 kb; 'large nidoviruses'), including coronaviridae and roniviridae, are the most complex positive-sense single-stranded rna (ssrna+) viruses. based on genome size, they are far separated from all other ssrna+ viruses (below 19.6 kb), including the distantly related arteriviridae (12.7-15.7 kb; 'small nidoviruses'). exceptionally for ssrna+ viruses, large nidoviruses encode a 3'-5'exoribonuclease (exon) that was implicated in controlling rna replication fi ... | 2011 | 21931546 |
| japanese encephalitis vaccine: need of the hour in endemic states of india. | japanese encephalitis (je), a mosquito-borne arboviral infection, is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in asia. most worldwide cases of je are reported annually from the people's republic of china (prc), korea, japan, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and parts of oceania. je virus is transmitted by culex mosquitoes particularly of the culex vishnui group (c. tritaeniorhynchus). humans get infected following a bite by an infected mosquito. however, since humans cannot transmit infec ... | 2012 | 22370517 |
| a review of the invasive mosquitoes in europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options. | there has been growing interest in europe in recent years in the establishment and spread of invasive mosquitoes, notably the incursion of aedes albopictus through the international trade in used tires and lucky bamboo, with onward spread within europe through ground transport. more recently, five other non-european aedine mosquito species have been found in europe, and in some cases populations have established locally and are spreading. concerns have been raised about the involvement of these ... | 2012 | 22448724 |
| mesoniviridae: a proposed new family in the order nidovirales formed by a single species of mosquito-borne viruses. | recently, two independent surveillance studies in côte d'ivoire and vietnam, respectively, led to the discovery of two mosquito-borne viruses, cavally virus and nam dinh virus, with genome and proteome properties typical for viruses of the order nidovirales. using a state-of-the-art approach, we show that the two insect nidoviruses are (i) sufficiently different from other nidoviruses to represent a new virus family, and (ii) related to each other closely enough to be placed in the same virus sp ... | 2012 | 22527862 |
| ecological niche modeling to estimate the distribution of japanese encephalitis virus in asia. | culex tritaeniorhynchus is the primary vector of japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a leading cause of encephalitis in asia. jev is transmitted in an enzootic cycle involving large wading birds as the reservoirs and swine as amplifying hosts. the development of a jev vaccine reduced the number of je cases in regions with comprehensive childhood vaccination programs, such as in japan and the republic of korea. however, the lack of vaccine programs or insufficient coverage of populations in other ... | 2012 | 22724030 |
| the roles and perspectives of toll-like receptors and cd4(+) helper t cell subsets in acute viral encephalitis. | acute viral encephalitis caused by neurotrophic viruses, such as mosquito-borne flaviviruses, is an emerging and re-emerging disease that represents an immense global health problem. considerable progression has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of acute viral encephalitis, but the immune-pathological processes occurring during the progression of encephalitis and the roles played by various molecules and cellular components of the innate and adaptive systems still remain undefined. rec ... | 2012 | 22740790 |
| occurrence of japanese encephalitis virus mosquito vectors in relation to urban pig holdings. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is transmitted to humans from pigs or birds by mosquitoes. in this study, the association between urban pig keeping and mosquito vectors was analyzed. a total of 7, 419 mosquitoes were collected overnight in urban households with and without pigs in can tho city, vietnam. the most prevalent vectors were culex tritaeniorhynchus (36%), cx. gelidus (24%), and cx. quinquefasciatus (15%), which were present in all parts of the city. pigs were associated with increase ... | 2012 | 23033401 |
| negevirus: a proposed new taxon of insect-specific viruses with wide geographic distribution. | six novel insect-specific viruses, isolated from mosquitoes and phlebotomine sand flies collected in brazil, peru, the united states, ivory coast, israel, and indonesia, are described. their genomes consist of single-stranded, positive-sense rnas with poly(a) tails. by electron microscopy, the virions appear as spherical particles with diameters of ∼45 to 55 nm. based on their genome organization and phylogenetic relationship, the six viruses, designated negev, ngewotan, piura, loreto, dezidougo ... | 2012 | 23255793 |
| surveillance of japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes in vietnam from 2006 to 2008. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection in mosquitoes was monitored in vietnam from 2006 to 2008. a total of 15,225 mosquitoes, identified as 26 species in five genera were collected and 12,621 were grouped into 447 pools for examination of jev infection by assays for cytopathic effects in c6/36 cells and by rt-pcr to detect flavivirus rna. three jev strains were isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus giles collected in northern and southern vietnam and two jev strains were isolated from cule ... | 2013 | 23358634 |
| a novel mosquito-borne orbivirus species found in south-east asia. | the genus orbivirus of the family reoviridae includes a genetically diverse group of dsrna arthropod-borne viruses that infect a wide variety of animal species. here, we report the complete genome and phylogenetic analysis of a novel orbivirus (ian-66411 or sathuvachari virus, sviv) isolated in 1963 from starlings (brahminy myna) collected in vellore, tamil nadu, india. comparative genetic analysis of the sviv polymerase (vp1 protein), core protein (vp3) and outer core protein (vp7) confirmed th ... | 2013 | 23364187 |
| barrier screens: a method to sample blood-fed and host-seeking exophilic mosquitoes. | determining the proportion of blood meals on humans by outdoor-feeding and resting mosquitoes is challenging. this is largely due to the difficulty of finding an adequate and unbiased sample of resting, engorged mosquitoes to enable the identification of host blood meal sources. this is particularly difficult in the south-west pacific countries of indonesia, the solomon islands and papua new guinea where thick vegetation constitutes the primary resting sites for the exophilic mosquitoes that are ... | 2013 | 23379959 |
| concurrent infection of japanese encephalitis and mixed plasmodium infection. | 2012 | 23560024 | |
| lead levels of culex mosquito larvae inhabiting lead utilizing factory. | to determine lead level primarily in culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), and culex gelidus (cx. gelidus) larvae inhabiting lead consuming factories, and to putatively estimate eco-toxicological impact of effluents from the firms. | 0 | 23569727 |
| genetic diversity of japanese encephalitis virus isolates obtained from the indonesian archipelago between 1974 and 1987. | five genotypes (gi-v) of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) have been identified, all of which have distinct geographical distributions and epidemiologies. it is thought that jev originated in the indonesia-malaysia region from an ancestral virus. from that ancestral virus gv diverged, followed by giv, giii, gii, and gi. genotype iv appears to be confined to the indonesia-malaysia region, as giv has been isolated in indonesia from mosquitoes only, while gv has been isolated on three occasions onl ... | 2013 | 23590316 |
| seasonal abundance and potential of japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds, thailand. | to investigate the abundance and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes, and to detect japanese encephalitis virus (jev) in these mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds. | 0 | 23620839 |
| first indigenous transmission of japanese encephalitis in urban areas of national capital territory of delhi, india. | until 2010, no japanese encephalitis (je) had been reported from delhi. upon report of four confirmed cases of je in september 2011, detailed investigations were carried out to determine whether the cases were imported or indigenous. | 2013 | 23682856 |
| entomo-virological study of a suspected japanese encephalitis outbreak in muzaffarpur district, bihar, india. | 0 | 23760390 | |
| ecology of west nile virus in north america. | the introduction, dispersal and establishment of west nile virus in north america were reviewed, focusing on factors that may have enhanced receptivity and enabled the invasion process. the overwintering persistence of this tropical virus within temperate latitudes was unexpected, but was key in the transition from invasion to endemic establishment. the cascade of temporal events allowing sporadic amplification to outbreak levels was discussed within a future perspective. | 2013 | 24008376 |
| field detection of tembusu virus in western thailand by rt-pcr and vector competence determination of select culex mosquitoes for transmission of the virus. | tembusu virus (tmuv; ntaya serocomplex) was detected in two pools of mosquitoes captured near sangkhlaburi, thailand, as well as from sera from sentinel ducks from the same area. although tmuv has been isolated from several mosquito species in asia, no studies have ever shown competent vectors for this virus. therefore, we allowed mosquitoes captured near sangkhlaburi to feed on young chickens that had been infected with tmuv. these mosquitoes were tested approximately 2 weeks later to determine ... | 2013 | 24043687 |
| first report on adulticide susceptibility status of aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex vishnui from a pig farm in tanjung sepat, selangor, malaysia. | the present study aims to investigate the susceptibility status of aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and cx. vishnui collected from a pig farm in tanjung sepat, selangor, toward 11 insecticides representing the classes of organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates, and pyrethroids. the results of a world health organization adult mosquito bioassay revealed that ae. albopictus, cx. quinquefasciatus, and cx. vishnui exhibited different susceptibility toward various insecticides. overall ... | 2013 | 24199499 |
| review of insecticide resistance and behavioral avoidance of vectors of human diseases in thailand. | physiological resistance and behavioral responses of mosquito vectors to insecticides are critical aspects of the chemical-based disease control equation. the complex interaction between lethal, sub-lethal and excitation/repellent ('excito-repellent') properties of chemicals is typically overlooked in vector management and control programs. the development of "physiological" resistance, metabolic and/or target site modifications, to insecticides has been well documented in many insect groups and ... | 2013 | 24294938 |
| a new species of mesonivirus from the northern territory, australia. | here we describe casuarina virus (casv), a new virus in the family mesoniviridae. this is the first report of a mesonivirus in australia, which extends the geographical range of this virus family to 3 continents. the virus was isolated in 2010 from coquillettidia xanthogaster mosquitoes during surveillance in the suburbs of darwin, the capital of the northern territory. cryo-electron microscopy of the casv virions revealed spherical particles of 65 nm in size with large club-shaped projections o ... | 2014 | 24670468 |
| monitoring of malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis vectors. | vector monitoring in military stations would help in protecting the armed forces from vector borne diseases such as malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis. | 2013 | 24843200 |
| mesoniviruses are mosquito-specific viruses with extensive geographic distribution and host range. | the family mesoniviridae (order nidovirales) comprises of a group of positive-sense, single-stranded rna ([+]ssrna) viruses isolated from mosquitoes. | 2014 | 24884700 |
| regulation of cell survival and death during flavivirus infections. | flaviviruses, ss(+) rna viruses, include many of mankind's most important pathogens. their pathogenicity derives from their ability to infect many types of cells including neurons, to replicate, and eventually to kill the cells. flaviviruses can activate tumor necrosis factor α and both intrinsic (bax-mediated) and extrinsic pathways to apoptosis. thus they can use many approaches for activating these pathways. infection can lead to necrosis if viral load is extremely high or to other types of c ... | 0 | 24921001 |
| holoptelea integrifolia (roxb.) planch: a review of its ethnobotany, pharmacology, and phytochemistry. | holoptelea integrifolia (ulmaceae) is a versatile medicinal plant used in various indigenous systems of medicine for curing routine healthcare maladies. it is traditionally used in the treatment and prevention of several ailments like leprosy, inflammation, rickets, leucoderma, scabies, rheumatism, ringworm, eczema, malaria, intestinal cancer, and chronic wounds. in vitro and in vivo pharmacological investigations on crude extracts and isolated compounds showed antibacterial, antifungal, analges ... | 2014 | 24949441 |