Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| activation of the sirt1 pathway and modulation of the cell cycle were involved in silymarin's protection against uv-induced a375-s2 cell apoptosis. | silymarin, derived from the milk thistle plant, silybum marianum, has been traditionally used in the treatment of liver disease. our previous study demonstrated that silymarin has an anti-apoptotic effect against uv irradiation. in this study, sirt1, a human deacetylase that was reported to promote cell survival, was activated by silymarin (5 x 10(- 4) mol/l) in uv-irradiated human malignant melanoma, a375-s2 cells, followed by down-regulated expression of bax and decreased release of cytochrome ... | 2007 | 17566917 |
| flavonolignans from silybum marianum moderate uva-induced oxidative damage to hacat keratinocytes. | uv radiation from sunlight is a very potent environmental risk factor in the pathogenesis of skin cancer. exposure to uv light, especially the uva part, provokes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), which induce oxidative stress in exposed cells. topical application of antioxidants is a successful strategy for protecting the skin against uv-caused oxidative damage. | 2007 | 17689055 |
| effect of silymarin and vitamin e on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in dogs. | drug-induced nephrotoxicity is an important cause of renal failure in dogs. aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin, can produce nephrotoxicity in dogs, due to in part to an imbalance of pro- and antioxidants (oxidative stress). silymarin (the mixture of flavonolignans extracted from silybum marianum) has potentially beneficial antioxidant properties. a control group (saline, group 1, n = 5) was compared with dogs that were administrated gentamicin by intramuscular injection, at dosage of ... | 2007 | 17803742 |
| silibinin sensitizes human glioma cells to trail-mediated apoptosis via dr5 up-regulation and down-regulation of c-flip and survivin. | silibinin, a flavonoid isolated from silybum marianum, has been reported to have cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. here, we show that treatment with subtoxic doses of silibinin in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) induces rapid apoptosis in trail-resistant glioma cells, but not in human astrocytes, suggesting that this combined treatment may offer an attractive strategy for safely treating gliomas. although the proteolytic processing o ... | 2007 | 17804742 |
| silyamandin, a new flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle tinctures. | our investigations into the stability of tincture preparations of milk thistle fruit [ silybum marianum l. gaertn. (asteraceae)] have led to the characterization of a new flavonolignan 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2 r,3 r)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxochroman-2-yl]-1-oxo-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid called silyamandin (1). incubation of the tincture at 40 degrees c for 3 months resulted in an increase in the level of this compound, as observed in the lc/dad silymarin prof ... | 2007 | 17823870 |
| silymarin enhanced cytotoxic effect of anti-fas agonistic antibody ch11 on a375-s2 cells. | silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid from milk thistle (silybum marianum), which has anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective as well as antioxidant effects. our previous study demonstrated that silymarin has anti-apoptotic effect against uv irradiation. in this study, we assessed the effect of silymarin on anti-fas agonistic antibody ch11-treated human malignant melanoma, a375-s2 cells. pretreatment with silymarin (3 x 10(- 4) mol/l) significantly induced cell apoptosis in ch11-treated a375-s2 cells. ... | 2007 | 17943553 |
| milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis b or c virus liver diseases. | alcohol and hepatotoxic viruses cause the majority of liver diseases. randomised clinical trials have assessed whether extracts of milk thistle, silybum marianum (l) gaertneri, have any effect in patients with alcoholic and/or hepatitis b or c virus liver diseases. | 2007 | 17943794 |
| flavonoid, silibinin, inhibits proliferation and promotes cell-cycle arrest of human colon cancer. | anti-oxidative extracts from the milk thistle plant (silybum marianum) have been shown to have antiproliferative effects in several tumor types. silibinin is the primary active component isolated from the crude seed extract, silymarin. it has been used as a dietary supplement for hepatoprotection for over 2000 years. silibinin has been shown to be safe in multiple animal models and has had no significant adverse events in human studies. we investigated the potential for this nontoxic flavolignan ... | 2007 | 17950073 |
| complementary and alternative medicine use by patients chronically infected with hepatitis c virus. | complementary and alternative medicine (cam) is becoming increasingly popular in north america. the use of cam is also popular in patients with chronic liver disease but is not well documented. the extent of use of cam in chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infected patients was determined, and the demographic and clinical data between users and nonusers of cam was compared. seventy-six patients (30% female) with chronic hcv were interviewed. the mean age was 43+/-8 years. current use of cam for hcv ... | 2007 | 17853954 |
| advances in the use of milk thistle (silybum marianum). | milk thistle (silybum marianum) is an herbal supplement used to treat liver and biliary disorders. silymarin, a mixture of flavanoid complexes, is the active component that protects liver and kidney cells from toxic effects of drugs, including chemotherapy. although milk thistle has not significantly altered the course of chronic liver disease, it has reduced liver enzyme levels and demonstrated anti-inflammatory and t cell-modulating effects. there is strong preclinical evidence for silymarin's ... | 2007 | 17548789 |
| chemopreventive efficacy of silymarin in skin and prostate cancer. | prevention and therapeutic intervention by phytochemicals are newer dimensions in the arena of cancer management. in this regard, the cancer chemopreventive role of silymarin (silybum marianum) has been extensively studied and has shown anticancer efficacy against various cancer sites, especially skin and prostate. in skin cancer, silymarin treatment inhibits ultraviolet b radiation or chemically initiated or promoted carcinogenesis. these effects of silymarin against skin carcinogenesis have be ... | 2007 | 17548792 |
| contribution to the knowledge of the folk plant medicine in calabria region (southern italy). | a series of research on plants used in calabria (southern italy) in the folk plant medicine was carried out in the last twenty years. the use of 104 taxa distributed into 42 families are described. among the major findings: ceterach officinarum as hypotensive; heliotropium europaeum in the case of urinary inflammations; silybum marianum for haemorrhoids; arundo donax for pertussis and cystitis; allium cepa for sties and flu; laurus nobilis as galactagogue; passiflora incarnata for burns, haemorr ... | 2007 | 17084993 |
| silibinin suppresses pma-induced mmp-9 expression by blocking the ap-1 activation via mapk signaling pathways in mcf-7 human breast carcinoma cells. | matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. in this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of silibinin, a flavonoid antioxidant from milk thistle (silybum marianum l.) on pma-induced mmp-9 expression in mcf-7 human breast carcinoma cells. silibinin significantly and selectively suppressed pma-induced mmp-9 expression in mcf-7. silibinin has been found to inhibit pma-induced mmp-9 gene transcriptional activity by blocking the activ ... | 2007 | 17214970 |
| effect of the silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex (idb 1016) on the development of mammary tumors in her-2/neu transgenic mice. | silybin, a main component of the milk thistle of silybum marianum, has been reported to possess anticancer activity. we investigated the effects of idb 1016, a complex of silybin with phosphatidylcholine, on the development of mammary tumors appearing spontaneously in her-2/neu transgenic mice. the mechanisms involved in the antitumor effect of idb 1016 were evaluated by studying the apoptosis, senescent-like growth arrest, intratumoral leukocyte infiltrate, and the expression of her-2/neu and p ... | 2007 | 17332330 |
| protective effect of silymarin on oxidative stress in rat brain. | brain is susceptible to oxidative stress and it is associated with age-related brain dysfunction. previously, we have pointed out a dramatic decrease of glutathione levels in the rat brain after acetaminophen (apap) oral administration overdose. silymarin (sm) is a mixture of bioactive flavonolignans isolated from silybum marianum (l.) gaertn., employed usually in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease and as anti-hepatotoxic agent in humans. in this study, we have evaluated the effect of sm o ... | 2007 | 16638633 |
| silybin is metabolized by cytochrome p450 2c8 in vitro. | silybin (a flavonolignan, the main component of silymarin, an extract from the seeds of silybum marianum) has been used to date mostly as a hepatoprotectant. however, it also has other interesting activities, e.g., anticancer and hypocholesterolemic effects. it is also known that silybin can inhibit the activities of the cytochrome p450 (p450) enzymes. in this study, a weak interaction of silybin with human microsomal cyp2e1, 2a6, 2b6, 2c19, and 2d6 (ic(50) > or = 250 microm) was found; a modera ... | 2007 | 17670841 |
| review of clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy of milk thistle (silybum marianum [l.] gaertn.). | milk thistle extracts have been used as traditional herbal remedies for almost 2000 years. the extracts are still widely used to protect the liver against toxins and to control chronic liver diseases. recent experimental and clinical studies suggest that milk thistle extracts also have anticancer, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective effects. this article reviews clinical trials of milk thistle conducted in the past 5 years including pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies, herb-drug interactions, an ... | 2007 | 17548793 |
| [flavonoids: risks or therapeutic opportunities?]. | flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that occur ubiquitously in fruits and vegetables. over 4,000 different flavonoids have been described, and they are categorized into flavonols, flavones, catechins, flavanones, anthocyanidins and isoflavonoids. flavonoids have many different biological effects in numerous mammalian cell systems, showed both in vitro and in vivo. recently, much attention has been paid to their antioxidant properties and to their inhibitory role in various stages of tumour dev ... | 2007 | 15303543 |
| multitargeted therapy of cancer by silymarin. | silymarin, a flavonolignan from milk thistle (silybum marianum) plant, is used for the protection against various liver conditions in both clinical settings and experimental models. in this review, we summarize the recent investigations and mechanistic studies regarding possible molecular targets of silymarin for cancer prevention. number of studies has established the cancer chemopreventive role of silymarin in both in vivo and in vitro models. silymarin modulates imbalance between cell surviva ... | 2008 | 18472213 |
| screening for soil streptomycetes from north jordan that can produce herbicidal compounds. | a total of 231 different soil streptomyces isolates were recovered from 16 different locations in north jordan. they were assessed for their phytotoxic activity on seeds of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) placed adjacent to a 2 cm wide streptomyces culture strips grown at 28c degrees for 3 weeks on starch casein nitrate (scn) agar. phytotoxicity was ascertained on the basis of suppressed seed germination, discoloration of the root tip, reduced root and the shoot gr ... | 2008 | 19275043 |
| pharmacokinetics and metabolic profile of free, conjugated, and total silymarin flavonolignans in human plasma after oral administration of milk thistle extract. | silymarin, a mixture of polyphenolic flavonoids extracted from milk thistle (silybum marianum), is composed mainly of silychristin, silydianin, silybin a, silybin b (sb(b)), isosilybin a (isb(a)), and isosilybin b. in this study, the plasma concentrations of free (unconjugated), conjugated (sulfated and glucuronidated), and total (free and conjugated) silymarin flavonolignans were measured using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, after a single oral dose of 600 mg o ... | 2008 | 17913795 |
| silymarin, the antioxidant component of silybum marianum, prevents sepsis-induced acute lung and brain injury. | sepsis is associated with enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to multiple organ dysfunctions. based on the potent antioxidant effects of silymarin, we investigated the putative protective role of silymarin against sepsis-induced oxidative damage in lung and brain tissues. | 2008 | 17950327 |
| antioxidant and mitochondrial protective effects of silibinin in cold preservation-warm reperfusion liver injury. | silybum marianum (milk thistle) is a mediterranean plant that has been used since greco-roman times to treat liver ailments. silibinin, the most active hepatoprotective constituent of the plant's seed, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. we thus assessed its protective potential in liver transplantation injury. | 2008 | 18061382 |
| hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion of silymarin flavonolignans in isolated perfused rat livers: role of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (abcc2). | silymarin, an extract from seeds of silybum marianum, is used by 8 to 33% of patients to self-treat chronic viral hepatitis c in the united states. studies in humans and rodents suggest that biliary excretion of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates is the major route for silymarin's elimination. to determine the role of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (mrp2) (abcc2) in the biliary excretion of silymarin, the hepatobiliary disposition of the six major silymarin flavonolignans was studied ... | 2008 | 18687803 |
| clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of bio-c (micronized silymarin) as a galactagogue. | the authors have previously reported the use of silymarin (a silybum marianum standardized extract) as a promoter of milk production in cows. due to the important psychological impact of hypogalactia in women after delivery, we evaluated the role of silymarin as a safe and effective galactogogue for human species. | 2008 | 19260380 |
| clinical assessment of cyp2d6-mediated herb-drug interactions in humans: effects of milk thistle, black cohosh, goldenseal, kava kava, st. john's wort, and echinacea. | cytochrome p450 2d6 (cyp2d6), an important cyp isoform with regard to drug-drug interactions, accounts for the metabolism of approximately 30% of all medications. to date, few studies have assessed the effects of botanical supplementation on human cyp2d6 activity in vivo. six botanical extracts were evaluated in three separate studies (two extracts per study), each incorporating 16 healthy volunteers (eight females). subjects were randomized to receive a standardized botanical extract for 14 day ... | 2008 | 18214849 |
| [influence of silymarin and doxorubicin on the myocardial function in rats]. | silymarin, an extract of silybum marianum seeds, presents a complex of flavonolignans with a broad spectrum of action: antifibrotic, antiinflammatory, lipid peroxidation inhibiting and free radical scavenging effects. a therapy of acute leukemias and lymphomas is in many cases limited with cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. the aim of the investigation was to examine influence of interaction of silymarin 60 mg/kg, orally applied and doxorubicin 1.25 mg/kg, applied i.p. on heart function during conti ... | 2008 | 18798483 |
| silymarin, a flavonoid from milk thistle (silybum marianum l.), inhibits uv-induced oxidative stress through targeting infiltrating cd11b+ cells in mouse skin. | phytochemicals have shown promise in inhibiting uv-induced oxidative stress, and therefore are considered as potent inhibitors of uv-induced oxidative stress-mediated skin diseases. we have shown previously that topical treatment of silymarin, a flavonoid from milk thistle (silybum marianum), inhibits uv-induced oxidative stress in mouse skin. however, the cellular targets responsible for the inhibition of uv-induced oxidative stress by silymarin are not clearly defined. to address this issue, c ... | 2008 | 18221354 |
| effects of silymarin on the resolution of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. | silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle (silybum marianum), has a long tradition as a herbal remedy, and was introduced as a hepatoprotective agent a few years ago. however, the therapeutic effects of silymarin remain undefined. carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) is a xenobiotic used extensively to induce oxidative stress and is one of the most widely used hepatic toxins for experimental induction of liver fibrosis in the laboratory. in this study, we investigated the restoration of the c ... | 2008 | 18397225 |
| in vitro evaluation and pharmacokinetics in dogs of solid dispersion pellets containing silybum marianum extract prepared by fluid-bed coating. | the solid dispersion of a poorly water-soluble silybum marianum extract (sme) was prepared by a one-step fluid-bed coating technique depositing onto non-pareil pellets. in vitro evaluation indicated that this technique was highly efficient and reproducible producing pellets with acceptable appearance, flowability, friability, uniformity of drug content and enhanced dissolution. physical characterization by dsc, powder x-ray diffractometry and ft-ir suggested the formation of a solid dispersion a ... | 2008 | 18240100 |
| new insight into the biosynthesis of flavanolignans in the white-flowered variant of silybum marianum. | it has been demonstrated that besides the known flavanolignan constituents of the white-flowered variant of silybum marianum, (-)-silandrin a (3a) and (-)-isosilandrin a (4a); their trans-benzodioxane diastereomers, (-)-silandrin b (3b) and (-)-isosilandrin b (4b), are also produced by the plant. moreover, the isolation of their cis-benzodioxane diastereomers, (-)-isocisilandrin (5) and cisilandrin (6), confirm that the previously proposed biosynthetic pathway involving a nonselective o-beta cou ... | 2008 | 18366865 |
| antioxidant and protective effects of silymarin on ischemia and reperfusion injury in the kidney tissues of rats. | renal ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injury is a major cause of acute renal failure. silymarin is extracted from silybum marianum and cynara cardunculus seeds and fruits. the aim of this study is to investigate whether silymarin administration prevents the damage induced by i/r in rat kidneys. | 2008 | 18368506 |
| some common signal transduction events are not necessary for the elicitor-induced accumulation of silymarin in cell cultures of silybum marianum. | a variety of pharmacological effectors of signal transduction pathways were used to investigate the elicitor-activated sequence of cellular responses by which yeast extract (ye) or methyljasmonate (meja) enhanced production of silymarin in cell cultures of silybum marianum. as we recently showed that inhibition of external and internal calcium fluxes significantly increased flavonolignan production in s. marianum cultures, we examined whether calcium mediates signaling events leading to enhancem ... | 2008 | 18313169 |
| solid state mechanochemical simultaneous activation of the constituents of the silybum marianum phytocomplex with crosslinked polymers. | simultaneous improvement of solubilization kinetics of main flavolignans of silybum marianum extract was obtained cogrinding with two crosslinked polymers: micronized crospovidone, pvp-cl(r) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, ac-di-sol(r) in the 1:3 active-to-polymer weight ratio. by this process it was assessed that the main extract components lost its crystalline structure, and the powder surface area was increased by 2.1- and 1.7-fold in the coground products with ac-di-sol(r) and pvp-cl(r), ... | 2009 | 18428992 |
| study on genes with altered expression in alpha-amanitin poisoned mice and evaluation on antagonistic effects of traditional chinese medicines against toxicity of alpha-amanitin. | the forward and reverse cdna subtractive libraries before and after the toxic effect of alpha-amanitin were constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization and randomly selected clones from each subtractive library were screened by pcr and dot blot hybridization. a total of 85 genes with altered expression were finally identified, with 41 genes from the forward library and 44 from the reverse library. subsequently, the antagonistic effects of candidate traditional chinese medicines were eva ... | 2009 | 19700387 |
| a randomized controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of silymarin on symptoms, signs and biomarkers of acute hepatitis. | milk thistle or its purified extract, silymarin (silybum marianum), is widely used in treating acute or chronic hepatitis. although silymarin is hepatoprotective in animal experiments and some human hepatotoxic exposures, its efficacy in ameliorating the symptoms of acute clinical hepatitis remains inconclusive. in this study, our purpose was to determine whether silymarin improves symptoms, signs and laboratory test results in patients with acute clinical hepatitis, regardless of etiology. | 2009 | 19303273 |
| silymarin attenuated mast cell recruitment thereby decreased the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9 in rat liver carcinogenesis. | liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide but because of very poor prognosis, it is the third most common cause of death from cancer. there are currently limited therapeutic regimens available for effective treatment of this cancer. silymarin is a naturally derived polyphenolic antioxidant, is the active constituent in a widely consumed dietary supplement milk thistle (silybum marianum) extract. mast cells play an important role in the inflammatory component of a developing neoplasm ... | 2009 | 18665326 |
| protective effect of a mixture of aloe vera and silybum marianum against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity and liver fibrosis. | the hepatoprotective effects of activaloe n-931 complex, a mixture of aloe vera and silybum marianum, against acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced liver injuries were investigated. acute hepatotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of ccl(4) (50 microl/kg), and activaloe n-931 complex at 85, 170, and 340 mg/kg was administered orally 48, 24, and 2 h before and 6 h after injection of ccl(4). hepatotoxicity was assessed 24 h after ccl(4) treatment. liver fibrosis was ... | 2009 | 19151545 |
| silibinin prevents tpa-induced mmp-9 expression and vegf secretion by inactivation of the raf/mek/erk pathway in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells. | matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) expression are pivotal steps in cancer metastasis. herein, we investigated the effect of silibinin, a major constituent (flavanolignan) of the fruits of silybum marianum, on 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced mmp-9 and vegf expression in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells. the expression of mmp-9 and vegf in response to tpa was increased, whereas tpa-induced mmp-9 and vegf expression was decreased by s ... | 2009 | 19181503 |
| a systematic review of the potential herbal sources of future drugs effective in oxidant-related diseases. | this review focuses on the medicinal plants growing and having history of folk medicine in iran and found effective as anti free radical damage in animal or human. | 2009 | 19275687 |
| anti- and pro-mutagenic effects of silymarin in the ames bacterial reverse mutation assay. | silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from milk thistle (silybum marianum), is being used clinically in europe and asia for the treatment of liver diseases. silymarin has a strong antioxidative action capable of scavenging both free radicals and reactive oxygen species responsible for cancer. silymarin, a powerful hepatoprotective and antioxidant, was chosen in the present study and was tested for its antimutagenic activity using an in vitro test, the ames bacterial reverse mutation assay ... | 2009 | 19277970 |
| solid state mechanochemical activation of silybum marianum dry extract with betacyclodextrins: characterization and bioavailability of the coground systems. | silybum marianum dry extract, whose therapeutic use is partially restricted by the insolubility in water of its main flavonolignans, was subjected to a mechanochemical activation process in planetary mill using betacyclodextrins as carriers. after optimization of the operating conditions according to an established theoretical model, the best active-to-carrier proportion was selected from the preliminary trials. when using the optimized conditions, the mechanochemical process permits an improvem ... | 2009 | 19226635 |
| effects of embelin on lipid peroxidation and free radical scavenging activity against liver damage in rats. | the study aimed to evaluate the hepatic antioxidant capacity of embelin (from embelia ribes) using different antioxidant tests, free radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation in albino rats. carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4)) treatment to rats has been more susceptible to peroxidative damage through production of reactive metabolites, namely trichloromethyl-free radicals ( and/or ) as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive species. after the induction of liver damage by ccl(4) intoxication ... | 2009 | 19496777 |
| effects of dietary milk thistle on blood parameters, liver pathology, and hepatobiliary scintigraphy in white carneaux pigeons (columba livia) challenged with b1 aflatoxin. | milk thistle (silybum marianum) has been used in humans for the treatment of liver disease because of its antioxidant properties and its ability to stabilize cell membranes and regulate cell permeability. to investigate possible hepatoprotective effects in birds, standardized extracts (80%) of silymarin from milk thistle were tested in white carneaux pigeons (columba livia). pigeons were separated into 3 groups and fed diets formulated to provide milk thistle at a level of 0, 10, or 100 mg/kg bo ... | 2009 | 19673458 |
| silibinin inhibits expression of hif-1alpha through suppression of protein translation in prostate cancer cells. | silibinin is a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from the milk thistle (silybum marianum) and is reported to exhibit anticancer properties. recently, it has been reported that silibinin inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (hif-1alpha) expression in cancer cells. however, the precise mechanism by which silibinin decreases hif-1 expression is not fully understood. in this study, silibinin inhibited basal and hypoxia induced expression levels of hif-1alpha protein in lncap and pc-3 prostate canc ... | 2009 | 19778521 |
| silibinin prevents amyloid beta peptide-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in mice. | accumulated evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in amyloid beta (abeta)-induced cognitive dysfunction. silibinin (silybin), a flavonoid derived from the herb milk thistle (silybum marianum), has been shown to have antioxidative properties; however, it remains unclear whether silibinin improves abeta-induced neurotoxicity. in the present study, we examined the effect of silibinin on the memory impairment and accumulation of oxidative stress induced by abeta(25-35) in mice. | 2009 | 19552690 |
| the effect of silybin on passive avoidance learning and pathological changes in hippocampal ca1 and dg regions in male wistar rats offspring. | silybin, an extract from seeds of milk thistle (silybum marianum), is known to have hepato-protective, anticarcinogenic, and estrogenic effects. given that estrogen effects on memory have been reported, silybin may cause structural changes in the hippocampal ca1 and dentate gyrus (dg) neurons and as a result it may enhance learning and memory. wistar rats were provided with silybin (from day 7 of gestational age up to 4 weeks after birth) with 2 dosages of 18 mg/kg in the experimental group 1 (e ... | 2009 | 20183284 |
| silymarin bio-c, an extract from silybum marianum fruits, induces hyperprolactinemia in intact female rats. | breastfeeding is widely acknowledged to have important health benefits for infants and mothers. milk thistle (silybum marianum fruits) has been recently proposed to be used by nursing mothers for stimulating milk production; however, the mode of action of this herbal drug is still unknown. in this paper, we have evaluated the effect of a micronized standardized extract of s. marianum (silymarin bio-c=piùlatte) on the serum levels of prolactin in female rats. a 14-day treatment with silymarin bio ... | 2009 | 19303749 |
| new antihepatotoxic naphtho-pyrone glycosides from the seeds of cassia tora. | two new naphtho-pyrone glycosides, 9-[(beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1----6)-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-10- hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-1h-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-1 -one (5) and 6-[(alpha-apiofuranosyl-(1----6)-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]- rubrofusarin (6), together with cassiaside (3) and rubrofusarin-6-beta-gentiobioside (4) were isolated from the seeds of cassia tora l. their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral data. the naphtho-gamma-pyrone glycosides (3, 4, and 6) were f ... | 2009 | 2740460 |
| silymarin treatment reduces granuloma and hepatic fibrosis in experimental schistosomiasis. | the schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection with relevant social impact and an important health problem in many countries around world. the pathology of this infection is characterized by a granulomatous reaction around parasite eggs and by hepatic fibrosis. silymarin, a complex compound isolated from silybum marianum (l.) gaertner, have been described as hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antifibrotic, immunomodulator, and anti-neoplastic agent. some of these capacities could potentially protect a ... | 2010 | 20694562 |
| multiple effects of silymarin on the hepatitis c virus lifecycle. | silymarin, an extract from milk thistle (silybum marianum), and its purified flavonolignans have been recently shown to inhibit hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, both in vitro and in vivo. in the current study, we further characterized silymarin's antiviral actions. silymarin had antiviral effects against hepatitis c virus cell culture (hcvcc) infection that included inhibition of virus entry, rna and protein expression, and infectious virus production. silymarin did not block hcvcc binding to ... | 2010 | 20512985 |
| preventive effect of silymarin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury in rats possibly through impairing nf-κb and stat-1 activation. | silymarin and silibinin are bioactive components isolated from silybum marianum. they have been reported to exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. many studies revealed that drugs with potent anti-inflammatory potential can protect animals against inflammation-associated neurodegenerative disease, e.g., stroke. in this current work we established an animal model of acute ischemic stroke injury by inducing cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (ci/r) in rats to elucidate whether silymarin ... | 2010 | 20833521 |
| the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review. | this review focuses on the efficacy and safety of effective herbal medicines in the management of hyperlipidemia in human. | 2010 | 20858178 |
| investigations into the antibacterial activities of phytotherapeutics against helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni. | the prevalence of gastric diseases is increasing with h. pylori, the causative agent of acute and chronic gastritis, being a major predisposing factor for peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. c. jejuni is the most common cause of enteric infections, particularly among children, resulting in severe diarrhoea. increasing drug resistance of these bacteria against standard antibiotics, and the more widespread use of herbal medicines, favours investigations into additional anti-helicobacter an ... | 2010 | 19653313 |
| two flavonolignans from milk thistle (silybum marianum) inhibit cyp2c9-mediated warfarin metabolism at clinically achievable concentrations. | milk thistle (silybum marianum) is a popular herbal product used for hepatoprotection and chemoprevention. two commercially available formulations are the crude extract, silymarin, and the semipurified product, silibinin. silymarin consists of at least seven flavonolignans, of which the most prevalent are the diastereoisomers silybin a and silybin b; silibinin consists only of silybin a and silybin b. based on a recent clinical study showing an interaction between a silymarin product and the cyp ... | 2010 | 19934397 |
| silibinin induces protective superoxide generation in human breast cancer mcf-7 cells. | the pharmacological activity of polyphenolic silibinin from milk thistle (silybum marianum) is primarily due to its antioxidant property. however, this study found that silibinin promoted sustained superoxide (o(2)(.-)) production that was specifically scavenged by exogenous superoxide dismutase (sod) in mcf-7 cells, while the activity of endogenous sod was not changed by silibinin. previous work proved that silibinin induced mcf-7 cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway and this study furt ... | 2010 | 19968587 |
| silymarin, the antioxidant component and silybum marianum extracts prevent liver damage. | liver disorders are one of the common recent problems affects on the human health. these disorders due to many environmental polluted sources. many herbal, medicinal and pharmaceutical plants and their extracts are widely studied by many researchers. silybum marianum got a bright reputation in relieve the liver diseases, and that might be for the potent silymarin mixture. mechanism of action for silymarin conducted mainly to the antiradical and anticarcinogenic roles. ethyl acetate (100mg/kg bw) ... | 2010 | 20034535 |
| silymarin suppress cd4+ t cell activation and proliferation: effects on nf-kappab activity and il-2 production. | silymarin, a mixture of bioactive flavonolignans isolated from silybum marianum, exhibits anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. in this study, the in vitro immunomodulatory activity of silymarin was investigated using cd4+ splenocytes from c57/bl6 mice. proliferation assay revealed that silymarin, at 50 microm concentration, significantly inhibited cd4+ cells proliferation. elisa analyses indicated that silymarin significantly inhibited il-2 and ifn-gamma production. i ... | 2010 | 20056147 |
| silymarin inhibits in vitro t-cell proliferation and cytokine production in hepatitis c virus infection. | silymarin, an extract from the seeds of the milk thistle plant silybum marianum, has been used for centuries for the treatment of chronic liver diseases. despite common use by patients with hepatitis c in the united states, its clinical efficacy remains uncertain. the goal of this study was to determine whether silymarin has in vitro effects on immune function that might have implications for its potential effect on hepatitis c virus (hcv)-induced liver disease. | 2010 | 19782083 |
| silymarin ascending multiple oral dosing phase i study in noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis c. | silymarin, derived from the milk thistle plant silybum marianum, is widely used for self-treatment of liver diseases, including hepatitis c virus (hcv), and its antiviral activity has been demonstrated in vitro and in hcv patients administered an intravenous formulation of the major silymarin flavonolignans, silybin a and silybin b. the safety and dose-exposure relationships of higher than customary oral doses of silymarin and its acute effects on serum hcv rna were evaluated in noncirrhotic hcv ... | 2010 | 19841158 |
| inhibitory effect of silibinin on tumour necrosis factor-alpha and hydrogen peroxide production by human monocytes. | silibinin is a chemically defined flavonoid and the main active component of silymarin, a polyphenolic complex from silybum marianum, which has anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and anticarcinogenic properties. monocytes obtained from healthy individuals were incubated with silibinin to evaluate cell viability, hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) release and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) production by these cells. the duration of treatment and different silibinin concentrations had no signific ... | 2010 | 20981616 |
| molecular mechanisms of inhibition of photocarcinogenesis by silymarin, a phytochemical from milk thistle (silybum marianum l. gaertn.) (review). | changes in life style over the past several decades including much of the time spent outdoors and the use of tanning devices for cosmetic purposes by individuals have led to an increase in the incidence of solar ultraviolet (uv) radiation-induced skin diseases including the risk of skin cancers. solar uv radiations are considered as the most prevalent environmental carcinogens, and chronic exposure of the skin to uv leads to squamous and basal cell carcinoma and melanoma in human population. a w ... | 2010 | 20372777 |
| anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of silybum marianum in treatment of experimental steatohepatitis. | in this study, we were aimed to evaluate the probable effect of the crud extract of silybum marianum, with high polyphenolic content, on experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (nash). to induce nash, a methionine and choline deficient (mcd) diet was given to n-mary rats for 8 weeks. after nash development, mcd-fed rats were divided into two groups: mcd groups received mcd diet and mcd+s group was fed mcd diet plus crude extract of s. marianum orally for 3 weeks. control group was fed a normal ... | 2010 | 20471811 |
| in vitro effects of plant and mushroom extracts on immunological function of chicken lymphocytes and macrophages. | 1. the present study was conducted to examine the effects of organic extracts from milk thistle (silybum marianum), turmeric (curcuma longa), reishi mushroom (ganoderma lucidum), and shiitake mushroom (lentinus edodes) on innate immunity and tumor cell viability. 2. innate immunity was measured by lymphocyte proliferation and nitric oxide production by macrophages, and the inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth was assessed using a non-radioactive assay. for measuring the cytokine levels in the ... | 2010 | 20461582 |
| silibinin ameliorates oxidative stress induced aberrant crypt foci and lipid peroxidation in 1, 2 dimethylhydrazine induced rat colon cancer. | pharmacological intervention to reduce crc mortality entails the use of oral agents that can avert carcinogenesis. silibinin, a major component of silymarin isolated from silybum marianum (l.) was found to possess attractive remedial features. an in vivo study was designed to elucidate the effect of silibinin on the formation of 1, 2 dimethylhydrazine (dmh) induced aberrant crypt foci (acf), tissue lipid peroxidation (lpo) and enzymic antioxidants status during different phases of experimental c ... | 2010 | 19274440 |
| dietary supplementation of silymarin protects against chemically induced nephrotoxicity, inflammation and renal tumor promotion response. | ferric nitrilotriacetate (fe-nta) is a potent nephrotoxicant and a renal carcinogen that induces its effect by causing oxidative stress. the present study was undertaken to explore protective effect of silymarin, a flavonolignan from milk thistle (silybum marianum), against fe-nta mediated renal oxidative stress, inflammation and tumor promotion response along with elucidation of the implicated mechanism(s). administration of fe-nta (10 mg/kg bd wt, i.p.) to swiss albino mice induced marked oxid ... | 2010 | 19590824 |
| evaluation of the genotoxic and anti-genotoxic activities of silybin in human hepatoma cells (hepg2). | silybin (sb), a constituent of the medicinal plant silybum marianum, is reported to be a potent hepatoprotective agent, but little is currently known regarding its genotoxicity, mutagenicity and potential chemopreventive properties. in this study, we evaluated the ability of sb to induce dna migration and micronuclei (mn) formation in human hepatoma cells (hepg2). also, possible preventive effects of sb on mn formation induced by three different mutagens, bleomycin (bleo), benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p) ... | 2010 | 20032005 |
| identification of novel pregnane x receptor activators from traditional chinese medicines. | to investigate the ability of traditional chinese medicines (tcms) and their bioactive compounds to activate pregnane x receptor (pxr) signalling pathway. | 2011 | 21524698 |
| anatomy of subterranean organs of medicinally used cardueae and related species and its value for discrimination. | numerous species of the asteraceae, the composites, are famous for their use in both traditional and conventional medicine. reliable anatomical descriptions of these plants and of possible adulterations provide a basis for fast identification and cheap purity controls of respective medicinal drugs by means of light microscopy. nevertheless, detailed comparative studies on root and rhizome anatomy of valuable as well as related inconsiderable composite plants are largely missing yet. the presente ... | 2011 | 21617780 |
| silymarin targets +¦-catenin signaling in blocking migration/invasion of human melanoma cells. | metastatic melanoma is a leading cause of death from skin diseases, and is often associated with activation of wnt/+¦-catenin signaling pathway. we have examined the inhibitory effect of silymarin, a plant flavanoid from silybum marianum, on cell migration of metastasis-specific human melanoma cell lines (a375 and hs294t) and assessed whether wnt/+¦-catenin signaling is the target of silymarin. using an in vitro invasion assay, we found that treatment of human melanoma cell lines with silymarin ... | 2011 | 21829575 |
| silybin and dehydrosilybin decrease glucose uptake by inhibiting glut proteins. | silybin, the major flavonoid of silybum marianum, is widely used to treat liver diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis-associated insulin resistance. research so far has focused on its anti-oxidant properties. here, we demonstrate that silybin and its derivative dehydrosilybin inhibit glucose uptake in several model systems. both flavonoids dose-dependently reduce basal and insulin-dependent glucose uptake of 3t3-l1 adipocytes, with dehydrosilybin showing significantly stronger ... | 2011 | 21328458 |
| inhibition of hcv 3a core gene through silymarin and its fractions. | hepatitis c is a major health problem affecting 270 million individuals in world including pakistan. current treatment regimen, interferon alpha and ribavirin only cure half of patients due to side effects and high cost. results: in the present study silybum marianum (milk thistle) seeds were collected, extracted and analyzed against hcv 3a core gene by transiently transfecting the liver cells with hcv core plasmid. our results demonstrated that silymarin (sm) dose dependently inhibit the expres ... | 2011 | 21453551 |
| evidence for differences in regioselective and stereoselective glucuronidation of silybin diastereomers from milk thistle (silybum marianum) by human udp-glucuronosyltransferases. | the flavonolignan silybin, the main component of silymarin, extract from the seeds of silybum marianum, is used mostly as a hepatoprotectant. silybin is almost 1:1 mixture of two diastereomers a and b. the individual udp-glucuronosyltransferases (ugts) contributing to the metabolism of silybin diastereomers have not been identified yet. in this study, the contribution of ugts to silybin metabolism was examined. the potential silybin metabolites were formed in vitro by incubating silybin (i) with ... | 2011 | 21524189 |
| silymarin prevents the toxicity induced by benzo(a)pyrene in human erythrocytes by preserving its membrane integrity: an in vitro study. | silymarin, the purified extract from milk thistle silybum marianum (l.) gaertn, consists mainly of four isomeric flavonolignans: silibinin, isosilibinin, silidianin, and silichristin. the present study was carried out to evaluate the protective potential of silymarin in human erythrocytes against in vitro exposure to the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (b(a)p). erythrocytes isolated from human blood were divided into four groups and treated with vehicle [group i], b(a)p (300 μm) [group ii], silymarin ... | 2011 | 22052664 |
| silibinin is a potent sensitizer of uva radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human keratinocyte hacat cells(†). | uva radiation (315-400 nm), which constitutes ca 95% of the uv irradiation in natural sunlight reaching earth surface, is a major environmental risk factor associated with human skin cancer pathogenesis. uva is an oxidizing agent that causes significant damage to cellular components through the release of reactive oxygen species (ros) and leads to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. here we investigate the effect of silibinin, the flavonolignan from silybum marianum, on uva-induced ros and cell ... | 2011 | 22118157 |
| silymarin potentiates the antinociceptive effect of morphine in mice. | silymarin is a natural flavonoid found in the seeds of the milk thistle (silybum marianum). accumulating evidence indicates that silymarin exerts preventive/protective effects in animals and humans against many diseases. this study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of silymarin in the tail flick and writhing reaction assays. to understand the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect, the interaction of silymarin and morphine on acetic acid-induced reaction was examined. moreover, the e ... | 2011 | 20641059 |
| assessment of a dry extract from milk thistle (silybum marianum) for interference with human liver cytochrome-p450 activities. | the effect of a standardised dry extract from silybum marianum (hepar-pasc®) on the enzyme kinetics of cytochrome-p450 isoenzymes (cyp) was investigated with primary human hepatocytes and human liver microsomes in order to assess the potential for drug-drug interactions. a cytotoxic effect on hepatocytes was observed at concentrations at and above 50 μg/ml. the ec(50) value was calculated to be 72.0 μg/ml. therefore, the chosen test concentrations for cyp induction on human hepatocytes were 50, ... | 2011 | 20828605 |
| oil based nanocarrier for improved oral delivery of silymarin: in vitro and in vivo studies. | silymarin, obtained from silybum marianum is used for hepatoprotection and having poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. therefore, it was thought to incorporate the drug into oil-in-water (o/w) based nanocarrier to increase its oral bioavailability. in the present study, o/w nanocarrier was prepared by titration method and was characterized for droplet size, viscosity, etc. in vitro drug release was carried out by dialysis membrane method. a pharmacokinetic study was performed to dete ... | 2011 | 21549187 |
| silymarin selectively protects human renal cells from cisplatin-induced cell death. | context: cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity has been accepted as an important obstacle for efficient cisplatin-based chemotherapy. silymarin from seeds of milk thistle [silybum marianum l. (asteraceae)] has been shown to possess various potential pharmacological properties; however, whether or not this agent selectively protects renal cells from cisplatin-induced cell death with no interfering effect on cancer cells is not clear. objective: potential of silymarin in protection of cisplatin-induced ... | 2011 | 21591838 |
| effects of silymarin nanoemulsion against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage. | silymarin is a complex mixture of four flavonolignan isomers (silybin, isosilybin, silydianin and silychristin) obtained from 'milk thistle' (silybum marianum). this plant compound is used almost exclusively for hepatoprotection. because of its low and poor oral bioavailability, silymarin was formulated as a nanoemulsion to increase its solubility (and so its oral bioavailability) as well as therapeutic activity. the present study assessed the hepatoprotective activity on wistar rats by determin ... | 2011 | 21656362 |
| a new approach to enhance oral bioavailability of silybum marianum dry extract: association of mechanochemical activation and spray congealing. | the aim of the work was to produce a delivery system for silybum marianum dry extract with enhanced oral bioavailability by combining two technologies (mechanochemical activation and spray congealing). initially, the active was coground with sodium croscarmellose in a planetary mill in order to reach an activated state more prone to dissolution. dsc, xrd, ft-ir and ld analyses showed the formation of nanosized particles of dry extract, with reduced degree of crystallinity of the main crystalline ... | 2011 | 21802925 |
| silibinin triggers apoptotic signaling pathways and autophagic survival response in human colon adenocarcinoma cells and their derived metastatic cells. | silibinin, a flavonolignan isolated from the milk thistle plant (silybum marianum), possesses anti-neoplastic properties. in vitro and in vivo studies have recently shown that silibinin inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer (crc). the present study investigates the mechanisms of silibinin-induced cell death using an in vitro model of human colon cancer progression, consisting of primary tumor cells (sw480) and their derived metastatic cells (sw620) isolated from a metastasis of the same patie ... | 2011 | 21779837 |
| silymarin protects neurons from oxidative stress associated damages in focal cerebral ischemia: a behavioral, biochemical and immunohistological study in wistar rats. | cerebral stroke is the third largest cause of death and the severe leading cause of disability, thus have astronomical financial and social burden worldwide. accumulated evidence suggests that ros can be scavenged through utilizing natural antioxidant compounds present in foods and medicinal plants. in this study, we examined whether silymarin, an antioxidant, present in the milk of thistle can prevent or slowdown neuronal injury in focal cerebral ischemia. male wistar rats were pre-treated with ... | 2011 | 21840019 |
| silymarin protects epidermal keratinocytes from ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis and dna damage by nucleotide excision repair mechanism. | solar ultraviolet (uv) radiation is a well recognized epidemiologic risk factor for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. this observation has been linked to the accumulation of uvb radiation-induced dna lesions in cells, and that finally lead to the development of skin cancers. earlier, we have shown that topical treatment of skin with silymarin, a plant flavanoid from milk thistle (silybum marianum), inhibits photocarcinogenesis in mice; however it is less understood whether chemopreventive ... | 2011 | 21731736 |
| molecular mechanism of silymarin-induced apoptosis in a highly metastatic lung cancer cell line anip973. | silymarin, the main flavonoid constituent element extracted from silybum marianum possessing antioxidant activity, is already known to be able to block the nf-+¦b activation process and result in cell apoptosis, implicating silymarin's potential to control cancer cell growth. | 2011 | 21711112 |
| [the use of silymarin in patients with toxic and viral liver diseases]. | effective use of silybum marianum medicines is still urgent in hepatology practice. data about effectiveness and safety of silymarin in patients with acute and chronic toxic injuries including drug-induced ones and patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis is reviewed in the article. an attempt of trials limitations and disadvantages systematization is made and methods of their solvation are discussed. a possibility of silymarin use as antiviral agent in patients with chronic hepatitis c i ... | 2011 | 21916240 |
| Metabolic effects of silibinin in the rat liver. | The flavonolignan silibinin, which is a mixture of two diastereoisomers, silybin A and silybin B, is a component of the extract obtained from the fruit and seeds of the variegated milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae)), known as silymarin. Among the therapeutic properties credited to silibinin, its antihyperglycaemic action has been extensively explored. Silibinin is structurally related to the flavonoids quercetin and fisetin, which have been previously demonstrated to be ver ... | 2011 | 22137898 |
| silibinin suppresses egfr ligand-induced cd44 expression through inhibition of egfr activity in breast cancer cells. | cd44, the transmembrane receptor for hyaluronan, is implicated in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. the expression of cd44 and its variants is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. here, we investigated the effect of silibinin (a polyphenolic flavonolignan of the herbal plant of silybum marianum, milk thistle) on the epidermal growth factor (egf) ligand-induced cd44 expression in human breast cancer cells. the levels of cd44 mrna and protein expression were greatly increased by egf ... | 2011 | 22110198 |
| effects of silybum marianum on patients with chronic hepatitis c. | silymarin derived from silybum marianum (milk thistle), a flowering member of the daisy family, may benefit liver function in people infected with the hepatitis c virus. the aims of this pilot study were to assess the efficacy and safety of silymarin on serum hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna, serum aminotransferases (alt, ast) levels, liver fibrosis and well-being in patients with chronic hepatitis c (chc). | 2011 | 22091246 |
| differences in the disposition of silymarin between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis c. | silymarin, derived from the milk thistle plant silybum marianum and widely used for self-treatment of liver diseases, is composed of six major flavonolignans including silybin a and silybin b, which are the predominant flavonolignans quantified in human plasma. the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of silymarin flavonolignans were examined in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) or hepatitis c virus (hcv) to determine whether the disposition of silymarin and therefore ... | 2011 | 21865319 |
| the effects of milk thistle on hepatic fibrosis due to methotrexate in rat. | extracts of milk thistle (mt), silybum marianum, have been used as medical remedies since the time of ancient greece. methotrexate is a potentially hepatotxic drug. | 2011 | 22087179 |
| the chemopreventive effect of ginkgo biloba and silybum marianum extracts on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. | abstract: | 2011 | 22040519 |
| Inhibition of silibinin on migration and adhesion capacity of human highly metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, by evaluation of ß1-integrin and downstream molecules, Cdc42, Raf-1 and D4GDI. | Metastasis is a property of malignant cancer cells that requires integrins which with their downstream molecules participate in a number of signaling events in cells with pivotal roles in malignancy, migration and invasion of tumor cells. Silibinin, a flavonoid antioxidant from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), has attracted attention in the last decades for chemoprevention and chemotherapy of tumor cells. In the present study, the effect of silibinin on migration and adhesion capacity of MDA- ... | 2011 | 22101790 |
| [identification of traditional medicine "fructus arctii" by nuclear ribosomal dna its sequences]. | to identify the traditional medicine fructus arctii from its adulterants by its. | 2011 | 21585039 |
| biological analysis of herbal medicines used for the treatment of liver diseases. | herbal medicines have been used to treat liver disorders for thousands of years in the east and have now become a promising therapy internationally for pathological liver conditions. biological analysis of hepatoprotective herbs is an important issue from the pharmacokinetic perspective in developing new therapeutic managements for liver disease. the biological analysis focuses on the pretreatment methods, separation and quantification of herbal medicines in biological samples. we have compiled ... | 2011 | 21204110 |
| bioconversion of silybin to phase i and ii microbial metabolites with retained antioxidant activity. | microbial transformation of silybin (1), the major flavonolignan of milk thistle (silybum marianum, asteraceae), resulted in the isolation of four metabolites. the structures of the isolated metabolites were determined by spectroscopic methods. one phase i metabolite was produced by beauveria bassiana and was characterized as 8-hydroxysilybin (2). three phase ii metabolites were produced by two cunninghamella species and were identified as 2,3-dehydrosilybin-3-o-β-d-glucoside (3), obtained from ... | 2012 | 22503365 |
| silibinin inhibits hiv-1 infection by reducing cellular activation and proliferation. | purified silymarin-derived natural products from the milk thistle plant (silybum marianum) block hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and inhibit t cell proliferation in vitro. an intravenous formulation of silibinin (sil), a major component of silymarin, displays anti-hcv effects in humans and also inhibits t-cell proliferation in vitro. we show that sil inhibited replication of hiv-1 in tzm-bl cells, pbmcs, and cem cells in vitro. sil suppression of hiv-1 coincided with dose-dependent reductions ... | 2012 | 22848626 |
| silibinin potentially protects arsenic-induced oxidative hepatic dysfunction in rats. | arsenic (as) compounds are reported as environmental toxicants and human carcinogens. exposure to arsenic imposes a big health issue worldwide. silibinin (sb) is a major flavonolignan compound of silimarin and is found in milk thistle of silybum marianum. it has been reported that silibinin has antioxidant efficacy as metal chelators due to the orientation of its functional groups. however, it has not yet been explored in experimental animals. in view of this fact, the purpose of this study was ... | 2012 | 22229868 |
| the protective effect of silybin against lasalocid cytotoxic exposure on chicken and rat cell lines. | lasalocid, an ionophore coccidiostat, extensive use implies a risk of toxicological impacts. protective effects of silybin, a herbal compound of silybum marianum, are reported elsewhere. the aim of this study was to compare effects of the combined use of lasalocid and silybin in chicken hepatoma cells (lmh) and rat myoblasts (l6) cell lines cultures. the cytoprotective effect resulting from an interaction of both pharmaceuticals was measured with the help of mtt reduction and, coomassie brillian ... | 2012 | 23509777 |
| phenotyping studies to assess the effects of phytopharmaceuticals on in vivo activity of main human cytochrome p450 enzymes. | the extensive use of herbal drugs and their multiple components and modes of action suggests that they may also cause drug interactions by changing the activity of human cytochrome p450 enzymes. the purpose of the present review is to present the available data for the top 14 herbal drug sales in the u. s. studies describing the effects of herbal drugs on phenotyping substrates for individual cyps were identified by a comprehensive medline search. drugs included allium sativum (liliaceae), echin ... | 2012 | 22588833 |