Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| comparative immunogenicities of vi polysaccharide-protein conjugates composed of cholera toxin or its b subunit as a carrier bound to high- or lower-molecular-weight vi. | the effect of molecular weight or size of the components on the immunogenicity of polysaccharide-protein conjugates prepared with the native vi capsular polysaccharide (vi) (approximately 3 x 10(3) kilodaltons) or lower-molecular-weight vi (vis; approximately 46 kilodaltons) abound to cholera toxin (ct) or to its b subunit (ctb) was studied. in mice, vi-ct, vi-ctb, and vis-ctb elicited higher vi antibody levels than the vi alone (p less than 0.0001). vi-ct and vi-ctb were more immunogenic than v ... | 1989 | 2807549 |
| construction and characterization of a vi-positive variant of the salmonella typhi live oral vaccine strain ty21a. | the viab locus coding for the vi antigen of salmonella typhi ty2 was cloned on a 40.6-kilobase fragment into the cosmid vector phc79. the live, oral, attenuated vi-negative s. typhi ty21a vaccine strain was transformed with the recombinant cosmid encoding the viab locus. homologous recombination of the viab locus into the chromosome of s. typhi ty21a was induced by uv irradiation, and vi-positive recombinants were selected in the presence of d-cycloserine. one such isolate, termed wr4103, contai ... | 1989 | 2807550 |
| in-vitro activity of meropenem against clinical isolates obtained in canada. | the in-vitro activity of meropenem, a new parenteral carbapenem, was compared with that of imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, piperacillin, gentamicin and, where appropriate, other antibiotics against recent clinical isolates and characterized beta-lactamase producers. mics were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure and two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu) were used throughout. meropenem inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, indole-posit ... | 1989 | 2808216 |
| typhoid hepatitis: two case reports. | two cases of typhoid hepatitis are being reported. both the patients presented with jaundice, high fever, toxaemia, abdominal distension, diarrhoea, coating of tongue and hepatomegaly. significant widal titres were observed and lft were grossly altered in both. blood culture yielded salmonella typhi in each case. both the cases were treated with chloramphenicol and made uneventful recovery. | 1989 | 2818408 |
| association between specific plasmids and relapse in typhoid fever. | we studied isolates from 73 patients hospitalized with typhoid fever in lima, peru. of these 73 patients, 11 (15%) suffered a clinical relapse, with fever and positive blood cultures, within 3 months of their original illness. using plasmids as epidemiologic markers, we found that three patients who subsequently relapsed were initially infected with more than one strain of salmonella typhi. there was a highly significant association between relapse and isolation of a strain containing either a 2 ... | 1987 | 2821064 |
| activation of rat alveolar macrophages by gamma interferon to inhibit toxoplasma gondii in vitro. | we have investigated the effects of murine interferons on the ability of rat alveolar macrophages (am) to inhibit the proliferation of the intracellular protozoan toxoplasma gondii. this activity was determined by measuring suppression of 3h-uracil uptake into the toxoplasma and by microscopic enumeration of the intracellular organisms. recombinant gamma interferon (rmulfn-gamma), but not alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) was able to activate am for antimicrobial activity in vitro. maximum ... | 1987 | 2824644 |
| molecular cloning and expression in e. coli of a salmonella typhi porin gene. | immunoscreening of a salmonella typhi cosmid library in e. coli allowed the detection of clones producing a 36 kda porin from s. typhi. the gene is efficiently expressed in an e. coli porin-less mutant and the protein is exported to the outer membrane envelope. two clones which markedly differ in their level of expression have been isolated. | 1988 | 2831092 |
| intact motility as a salmonella typhi invasion-related factor. | invasiveness of salmonella typhi was investigated. at first, we introduced tn5 into the chromosome of a wild-type s. typhi strain, gifu 10007, and screened the independent tn5 insertion mutants for noninvasive (inv-) strains. during the first half of this work, we obtained 4 inv- strains from 1,338 independent tn5 mutants. the four were either nonflagellate (fla-), nonmotile (mot-), or nonchemotactic (che-). we then isolated more fla-, mot-, or che- mutants and examined the invasiveness of these ... | 1988 | 2840399 |
| construction of delta aroa his delta pur strains of salmonella typhi. | salmonella typhi strains with two deletion mutations, each causing an attenuating auxotrophy, have been constructed from strains ty2 and cdc 10-80 for possible use as oral-route live vaccines. an aroa(serc)::tn10 transposon insertion was first transduced from a salmonella typhimurium donor into each wild-type s. typhi strain. transductants of the aro- serc- phenotype were treated with transducing phage grown on an s. typhimurium strain with an extensive deletion at aroa; selection for serc+ yiel ... | 1988 | 2842296 |
| [immunomodulating properties of salmozan and its effect on the functional activity of macrophages]. | the effect of salmozan on the resistance of mice to listeria monocytogenes infection, the formation of delayed hypersensitivity (dh) to sheep red blood cells in the animals, as well as changes in some functional activity characteristics of macrophages have been studied. the study has revealed that salmozan enhances anti-infectious resistance, suppresses the dermal manifestations of dh, and decreases the level of 5'-nucleotidase in peritoneal macrophages, stimulating their phagocytic activity. th ... | 1988 | 2842987 |
| protection against salmonella typhi infection in mice after immunization with outer membrane proteins isolated from salmonella typhi 9,12,d, vi. | the current studies were undertaken to assess the ability of the outer membrane proteins (omps) of salmonella typhi to induce protection against challenge with the bacteria in mucin. omps were isolated as described by schnaitman (j. bacteriol. 108:553-556, 1971) and were found to be contaminated with approximately 4% lipopolysaccharide (lps). immunization with as little as 30 micrograms of omps conferred 100% protection to mice challenged with up to 1,000 50% lethal doses (ld50) of two strains o ... | 1988 | 2844676 |
| effect of endotoxin on release of reactive oxygen intermediates by rat hepatic macrophages. | reactive oxygen intermediates released by activated hepatic macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a rat model of liver injury induced by sequential administration of corynebacterium parvum and endotoxin. in this model, c. parvum causes extensive infiltration of the liver with activated macrophages, but severe liver injury occurs only after subsequent exposure to endotoxin. we have therefore investigated the effects of endotoxin on the release of reactive oxygen intermediates by ... | 1988 | 2846404 |
| rapid chemiluminescent nucleic acid assays for detection of tem-1 beta-lactamase-mediated penicillin resistance in neisseria gonorrhoeae and other bacteria. | two new assays for the detection of tem-1 beta-lactamase-mediated bacterial penicillin resistance were developed that involve the use of specific nucleic acid hybridization. both techniques are based on a solution-phase hybridization of oligonucleotide probes to the target dna sequence, solid-phase capture of the probe-target complex, and an amplified chemiluminescent labeling method. one configuration of hybridization probes detected the presence of tem-1 in neisseria gonorrhoeae (45 strains), ... | 1988 | 2846631 |
| physiological and histopathological changes in the intestines of mice challenged with s. typhi. | transport of na+, cl-, ca2+ and 3-0-methyl-d-glucose (a non-metabolizable analogue of d-glucose) was worked out in control, infected and immunized-infected animals along with histopathological studies of the intestines in these groups. there was significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in net absorption of na+ and cl- in the infected group as compared to that in the control group. there was also a significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in 3-0-methyl-d-glucose uptake in the infected group. howeve ... | 1988 | 2849439 |
| in vitro activity of azithromycin (cp-62,993), a novel macrolide, against enteric pathogens. | azithromycin (cp-62,993 [9-deoxy-9a-methyl-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin]) is a novel macrolide antimicrobial. in this study the in vitro activity of cp-62,993 has been determined against selected enteropathogens, including clostridium difficile, and compared with that of erythromycin. mics were determined using an agar incorporation technique in mueller-hinton medium, containing saponin-lysed horse blood at a final concentration of 10% v/v, with an inoculum of 10(4) cfu. cp-62,993 was considerably ... | 1988 | 2854515 |
| treatment of salmonella typhi carrier state with ciprofloxacin. | 1985 | 2859498 | |
| [vi antigen and microbial adhesion factors. the detection of adhesins in commercial vi antigen preparations]. | enterobacterial vi-antigen inhibit the escherichia coli-induced agglutination of red blood cells of guinea pigs and other animals, which indicates that vi-antigen contains the admixture of adhesion associated with type i pili. the amount of adhesion contained in vi-antigen can be determined from the degree to which its hemagglutination-inhibiting effect is manifested. | 1985 | 2868591 |
| the adjuvant effect of pertussis endotoxin protein in modulating the immune response to cholera toxoid in mice. | endotoxin protein represents a group of immunobiologically active p polypeptides which are associated with the lipopolysaccharide endotoxin in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. to study the adjuvant effect of endotoxin protein, cf-1 mice were immunized intraperitoneally with graded doses of glutaraldehyde-inactivated cholera toxoid with and without endotoxin protein prepared from bordetella pertussis, salmonella typhi or vibrio cholerae. immune responsiveness was assessed by measurin ... | 1985 | 2872108 |
| [ultrastructural aspects of the process of salmonella typhi bacterial interaction with l929-line cells]. | the study of the use of scanning electron microscopy and the analysis of the initial stages of interaction between s. typhi and eukaryotic cells by the method of three-dimensional reconstruction has revealed that the infective agent penetrates into the cytoplasm on the principle of internalization. the internalization of s. typhi occurs with the active participation of the eukaryotic cells which, at the beginning, envelopes the bacteria with its processes, and the infective agents firmly adhere ... | 1986 | 2873698 |
| persistent gallbladder carriage of salmonella typhi. | 1987 | 2882361 | |
| large-scale field trial of ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine in enteric-coated capsule formulation. | three doses, given within one week, of ty21a attenuated salmonella typhi oral vaccine in an enteric-coated formulation provided 67% efficacy for at least 3 years in a randomised, placebo-controlled field trial involving 109,000 schoolchildren in santiago, chile. increasing the interval between doses to twenty-one days did not enhance protection. significantly less protection followed administration of vaccine in gelatin capsules with sodium bicarbonate. ty21a provides the same level of protectio ... | 1987 | 2883393 |
| community-acquired bacteraemia in african children. | to examine the frequency of community acquired bacteraemia in children in kigali, rwanda, blood cultures were obtained from 900 consecutive febrile children (t degrees greater than or equal to 39 degrees c) seen at an outpatient clinic over the course of a year. a pathogen was isolated from 112 children (12.4%): salmonella typhi from 47, s enteritidis from 23, s typhimurium from 13, streptococcus pneumoniae from 14, staphylococcus aureus from 9, and haemophilus influenzae from 3. salmonella spec ... | 1987 | 2885453 |
| pyrogens fail to produce fever in the snakes psammophis phillipsii and lamprophis fuliginosus. | 1. preferred body temperature of five diurnal, psammophis philipsii and three nocturnal, lamprophis fuliginosus, snakes was measured in a thermal gradient chamber by indwelling colonic thermocouples, before and after injection of a variety of pyrogens. 2. the snakes achieved their preferred body temperature by moving up and down in the gradient chamber; it was about 33 degrees c for p. phillipsii and 25 degrees c for l. fuliginosus. 3. the snakes did not develop fever in response to any of the p ... | 1987 | 2887389 |
| typhoid vaccines. | 1987 | 2887958 | |
| salmonella intracerebral and subdural abscess--report of two cases. | two cases of the rarely encountered salmonella typhi subdural empyema are reported. the first was in an 11 month old infant and the second in a 25 year old adult. neither of them suffered from typhoid fever. the causative organism was not suspected until the culture report was obtained. both patients responded satisfactorily to therapy. | 1987 | 2890153 |
| protective activity of vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever. | the protective efficacy against typhoid fever of a single intramuscular injection of 25 micrograms of the vi capsular polysaccharide (cps) was assessed in a randomised double-blind controlled trial. vaccination of 11,384 children was followed by 21 months' surveillance. 47 blood-culture-proven cases of typhoid occurred in children who received meningococcal a + c cps vaccine and 19 cases in those vaccinated with vi cps. protective efficacy was 60% calculated from the day of vaccination and 64% f ... | 1987 | 2890805 |
| treatment of multiresistant salmonella typhi with oral ciprofloxacin. | 1987 | 2891000 | |
| identification of an intestinal immune response using peripheral blood lymphocytes. | the intestinal immune response of volunteers given the oral vaccine salmonella typhi ty21a was assessed with a new immunoassay which measures specific antibody secretion by peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl). peak iga, igg, and igm production by pbl occurred on day 7 after the start of vaccination. peak antibody secretion by pbl occurred several days earlier than the serum antibody peak. all volunteers showed a specific pbl antibody response, but serum or intestinal immune responses, when demons ... | 1988 | 2891982 |
| [effect of aceclidine and fenazepam on the indices of humoral immunity and nonspecific resistance of the body after immunization with a chemical typhoid vaccine]. | phenazepam (2.5 mg/kg) and aceclidine (4 mg/kg), when introduced in a single injection at the inductive phase of immune response, enhance the production of antibodies after immunization with chemical typhoid vaccine. the combined use of these preparations has been to produce a potentiating effect. | 1988 | 2896416 |
| [fimbrial formation, antibiogram, plasmid content, lysotype and biotype of salmonella]. | 1988 | 2901803 | |
| typhoid-fever-like syndrome after ty21a live oral vaccine. | 1988 | 2902303 | |
| [mexican contributions to vaccines]. | 1988 | 2905313 | |
| immunogenicity of a candidate live oral typhoid/cholera hybrid vaccine in humans. | 1989 | 2909633 | |
| clonal nature of salmonella typhi and its genetic relatedness to other salmonellae as shown by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and proposal of salmonella bongori comb. nov. | crude cell extracts of 26 isolates of salmonella serotype typhi (s. typhi) and 48 other salmonella isolates representing 28 serotypes and seven dna hybridization subgroups were analyzed for electrophoretic variants of 24 metabolic enzymes by starch gel electrophoresis. all strains of s. typhi had identical isoenzyme patterns, indicating that they were a single clone. all of the enzymes detected in the remaining strains were polymorphic, and the degree of genetic variation was quite high. the ave ... | 1989 | 2915026 |
| salmonella typhi infections in the united states, 1975-1984: increasing role of foreign travel. | to explore changes in the epidemiology of typhoid fever in the united states, cases reported to the morbidity and mortality weekly report (mmwr) and typhoid case report forms submitted by state and local governments are reviewed. the incidence of typhoid fever in the united states fell from one case per 100,000 population in 1955 to 0.2 cases per 100,000 in 1966 and has since remained fairly stable. review of case report forms for 2,666 cases of acute typhoid fever that occurred between 1975 and ... | 1989 | 2916092 |
| natural antibacterial activity against salmonella typhi in human cord blood. | cord blood mononuclear cells from normal human newborns possess natural antibacterial (na) activity against salmonella typhi, as assessed by an in vitro test. na activity was significantly higher than that observed in pbmc from normal adult donors. using fractionation on nylon wool and percoll gradient or c-dependent killing with mab, it was found that cells of the monocyte-macrophage series and cd4+ t lymphocytes were capable of exerting na activity in newborns, in contrast with results obtaine ... | 1989 | 2926143 |
| open, prospective study of the clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin. | one hundred patients with infections mostly outside of the urinary tract were studied in a prospective, open manner to ascertain the effectiveness and safety of ciprofloxacin in a variety of clinical situations. there were 41 instances of bacteremia, including 38 with salmonella typhi, and 21 respiratory, 17 skin and skin structure, 11 bone or joint, 6 gastrointestinal, and 4 urinary tract infections. the patients were given 500 mg of ciprofloxacin orally every 12 h for 2 to 107 days (mean, 15.1 ... | 1985 | 2931046 |
| [production of allotype by bone marrow cells transferred to rabbits subjected to suppressor treatment by allotype]. | inbred rabbits of b/j strain were immunized against salmonella typhi and their bone marrow cells plus lps were injected into (chbb: hm x b/j) f1 hybrids at the age of 3-7 weeks, which had received at birth a treatment of the allotype suppression. antityphoid antibodies bearing the suppressed allotype were found in the serum of the recipients, which showed no signs of the graft versus host reaction. | 1985 | 2935236 |
| behaviour of temperate phage mu in salmonella typhi. | we have developed a convenient system for genetic analysis of salmonella typhi exploiting the properties of the mutator phage mu. in spite of the fact that wild-type salmonella typhi strains do not allow mu to form plaques on them, we have shown that these strains are actually sensitive to the phage. it proved possible to use mu to induce mutations and to promote intra- and interspecific genetic transfer, without having to introduce the phage into the bacteria by means other than infection. furt ... | 1986 | 2940330 |
| the comparative in vitro activity of twelve 4-quinolone antimicrobials against enteric pathogens. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of twelve 4-quinolone antimicrobials were determined for salmonella typhi (25), salmonella spp. (50), shigella spp. (50), campylobacter jejuni (100), vibrio cholerae (10), vibrio parahaemolyticus (10), yersinia enterocolitica (25), aeromonas hydrophila (25) and plesiomonas shigelloides (10). mics were determined using an agar dilution technique in mueller-hinton agar (oxoid, england) supplemented with 10% lysed horse blood. antibiotic containing plate ... | 1985 | 2941257 |
| serum bactericidal activity of two newer quinolones against salmonella typhi compared with standard therapeutic regimens. | the bactericidal activity of two newer quinolones, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, against eight strains of salmonella typhi was examined by the serum dilution test and studies of bacterial killing kinetics in human serum, and compared to standard regimens. bactericidal titers for ciprofloxacin ranged from 1:388 to 1:119 two hours and from 1:119 to 1:57 six hours after volunteers received an oral dose of 500 mg. the respective titers obtained after a 200 mg oral dose of ofloxacin were somewhat lowe ... | 1986 | 2943588 |
| [effect of gram-negative endotoxin (e-) on hepatocytes]. | 1986 | 2948228 | |
| [splenic salmonella typhi abscess in a child]. | 1986 | 2950396 | |
| [incidence of salmonella typhi phage types isolated in czechoslovakia 1982-1985]. | 1987 | 2958148 | |
| synergistic effects of adjuvants, endotoxin, and fasting on induction of diabetes with multiple low doses of streptozocin in rats. | three weekly intraperitoneal injections of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) and, 1 day later, low-dose streptozocin (stz; 25 mg/kg i.p.) have been reported to cause immune destruction of beta-cells and a gradual onset of diabetes mellitus. in this study, male lewis rats were injected intraperitoneally with cfa and 1 day later with low-dose stz; these were repeated at weekly intervals for 3 wk. the incidence of diabetes mellitus (nonfasted plasma glucose greater than 200 mg/dl) in wk 1, 2, 3, and ... | 1988 | 2961641 |
| siderophore production by salmonella typhi. | this study was initiated to determine the mechanism of iron-uptake in salmonella typhi. when stressed for iron, microorganisms produce siderophores to obtain the necessary nutrient. generally two types of siderophores exist: the phenolate-type predominantly produced by bacteria and the hydroxamate-type commonly secreted by fungi. results of this investigation showed that s. typhi produced siderophores of the phenolate-type since culture supernatant of the organism grown under iron-deprivation su ... | 1988 | 2962581 |
| trospectomycin, a novel spectinomycin analogue: antibacterial activity and preliminary human pharmacokinetics. | trospectomycin (tsp; u-63366f) is a novel spectinomycin (sp) analogue with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. the in vitro activity of the analogue was compared to that of sp against approximately 400 bacterial isolates. the in vivo activity of the compound was assessed using experimental infection models for both gram-positive and gram-negative facultative bacteria. the preliminary human pharmacokinetics of tsp were evaluated following single-dose i.v. or i.m. administration. tsp was more a ... | 1988 | 2975212 |
| [use of the antibody neutralization reaction in evaluating the sanitary and hygienic condition of environmental objects in children's preschool institutions]. | 1988 | 2976016 | |
| purification of a new restriction endonuclease, styi, from escherichia coli carrying the hsd+ miniplasmid. | a new restriction endonuclease, styi, free of contaminating nuclease activities, has been isolated from escherichia coli carrying the hsd+ miniplasmid of salmonella typhi origin. in the presence of 10 mm mg2+, it recognizes and cleaves a hexanucleotide sequence of 5'-c decreases c(at)(at)gg. the advantages of the styi endonuclease include its stability, high yield (more than 2 x 10(3) units/g of wet cells), easy handling of producer cells, and the ability to recognize new sequences, ccaagg and c ... | 1985 | 2989097 |
| [search for the systems of dna host specificity in salmonella typhi]. | seventeen pure lines of s. typhi bacteriophages have been obtained from mother races o and vi; of these, three were used to study 152 s. typhi strains with a view of detecting their dna host specificity systems. 10 s. typhi strains having the dna host specificity system have been detected by the rough determination of the lytic spectrum and the cross titration of phage vi ix. | 1985 | 2990125 |
| uv inactivation of pathogenic and indicator microorganisms. | survival was measured as a function of the dose of germicidal uv light for the bacteria escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, shigella sonnei, streptococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, and bacillus subtilis spores, the enteric viruses poliovirus type 1 and simian rotavirus sa11, the cysts of the protozoan acanthamoeba castellanii, as well as for total coliforms and standard plate count microorganisms from secondary effluent. the doses of uv light necessary for a 99.9% inactivation of the cult ... | 1985 | 2990336 |
| variability of inchi1 plasmids from salmonella typhi with special reference to peruvian plasmids encoding resistance to trimethoprim and other antibiotics. | in spite of extensive dna homology among inchi1 plasmids, apai and xbai restriction digests of plasmids from peruvian salmonella typhi varied considerably from other inchi1 plasmids isolated previously. inchi1 plasmids appear to be undergoing a process of modular evolution, probably by sequential acquisition of resistance determinants. | 1985 | 3000289 |
| characterization of incompatibility group hi1 plasmids from salmonella typhi by restriction endonuclease digestion and hybridization of dna probes for tn3, tn9, and tn10. | chloramphenicol resistance in salmonella typhi is medicated by plasmids of the incompatibility group h, subgroup 1 (inchi1). eight inchi1 plasmids from s. typhi strains originating in mexico, vietnam, thailand, and india were examined by restriction enzyme digestion. the restriction enzymes, apal, xbal, and psti were found to be most useful for comparison of plasmid dnas. four plasmids from s. typhi isolated in mexico, vietnam, and thailand between 1972 and 1974 had identical restriction pattern ... | 1985 | 3000567 |
| development of a dna probe to detect salmonella typhi. | this study was undertaken to identify a dna sequence that could be used to facilitate the diagnostic identification of salmonella typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever. all virulent s. typhi strains encode a relatively unique capsular antigen termed the virulence (vi) antigen. two distinct genetic loci, viaa and viab, are involved in the synthesis of this antigen. the structural genes, located at viab, were considered as a possible specific dna probe. the viab locus, contained in a recombi ... | 1985 | 3001134 |
| occurrence of small hsd plasmids in salmonella typhi, shigella boydii, and escherichia coli. | the natural occurrence of small hsd (host specificity for dna) plasmids was demonstrated in restriction endonuclease-producing strains of salmonella typhi, shigella boydii, and escherichia coli. the five hsd plasmids isolated were between 5.0 and 12.2 kilobases long. the copy number of all the hsd plasmids was high (more than 10 copies per cell). introduction of these small plasmids into e. coli strain 0 drastically lowered the efficiency of plating of the lambda.0 phages (the efficiency of plat ... | 1986 | 3003023 |
| antibodies to porin antigens of salmonella typhi induced during typhoid infection in humans. | immunoglobulin g (igg)- and igm-specific antibody titers against salmonella typhi ty2 porins have been measured in 30 paired typhoid sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. these studies have found that igg serum titers of acute and convalescent sera were 625 and 5,000 times higher, respectively than the control serum titers. the same typhoid sera were titrated with s. typhi ty2 flagellin and s. typhi lipopolysaccharide. the titers against these antigens were considerably lower than those aga ... | 1986 | 3007360 |
| recurrent typhoid in an htlv-iii antibody positive man. | a case of recurrent typhoid fever in a homosexual man with antibodies to human t-cell lymphotropic virus-iii (htlv-iii) and impaired cell mediated immunity is reported: we believe the first report of salmonella typhi infection in association with htlv-iii disease. | 1986 | 3009281 |
| molecular techniques in the study of salmonella typhi in epidemiologic studies in endemic areas: comparison with vi phage typing. | we examined 141 salmonella typhi strains of known phage type isolated during ongoing epidemiologic studies in santiago, chile, and lima, peru. plasmids were present in 12 (17%) of 70 s. typhi isolates from santiago and 5 (7%) of 71 isolates from lima; these plasmids were not associated with antimicrobial resistance. identical 21 kilobase (kb) plasmids (as defined by restriction endonuclease digest pattern) were present in 13 of the 17 plasmid-containing isolates. virtually identical digest patte ... | 1986 | 3014915 |
| role of the vi antigen of salmonella typhi in resistance to host defense in vitro. | the virulence of salmonella typhi is associated with the presence of the vi antigen. mechanisms of vi antigen virulence were examined in vitro. the vi antigen-containing strain quailes was significantly (p less than 0.025) more resistant to lysis by nonimmune serum than s. typhi 0901, which does not have the vi antigen, and resulted in less activation of complement by the alternative pathway (p less than 0.05). human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) ingested strain quailes significantly (p le ... | 1986 | 3021879 |
| location of plasmid-mediated citrate utilization determinant in r27 and incidence in other h incompatibility group plasmids. | citrate utilization (cit+) is encoded by a specific subgroup of incompatibility hi plasmids, viz., inchi1 plasmids. only one inchi1 plasmid, prg1271, which originated in a mexican typhoid outbreak in 1972, did not specify cit+. all other cit+ plasmids hybridized to a cit+ probe, a 2-kilobase bglii fragment derived from the cit+ transposon tn3411. the position of the cit+ determinant was mapped to a 13.5-kilobase apai fragment within the prototype inchi1 plasmid r27. no other functions have been ... | 1986 | 3024564 |
| construction of defined gale mutants of salmonella for use as vaccines. | we describe the molecular cloning of the gal operon of salmonella typhimurium lt2 and the localization of the gal promoter and the genes gale, galt, and galk. the order of the genes and the direction of transcription was the same as in escherichia coli k12. a restriction enzyme map of the operon was obtained, and the approximate termini of the gal genes were located by using transposon insertion mutagenesis and minicell analysis. we constructed a plasmid that contained a defined 0.4-kilobase del ... | 1987 | 3036954 |
| isolation of stable aroa mutants of salmonella typhi ty2: properties and preliminary characterisation in mice. | derivatives of the salmonella typhi strain ty2 carrying stable mutations in the aroa gene were isolated. the mutations were generated by transducing an aroa::tn10 marker into ty2 and selecting for derivatives which were tetracycline sensitive and dependent on aromatic compounds for growth. isolates that did not revert to aromatic compound independence at a detectable frequency were obtained. an s. typhimurium derived aroa specific dna probe was used to demonstrate the presence of dna rearrangeme ... | 1987 | 3039297 |
| molecular characterization of a conjugative r-lac plasmid in salmonella typhi isolated from a patient with typhoid fever. | in a strain of salmonella typhi isolated from a patient with post-operative typhoid fever, a 217-kb conjugative plasmid has been detected which codes for lactose fermentation and drug resistance to sulphonamides (sa), chloramphenicol (cp), ampicillin (ap), kanamycin (km) and trimethoprim (tp). the physical and genetic map was constructed. the lac region containing the laci gene, the regulatory region and the lacz and lacy genes was shown to be structurally identical to that of escherichia coli k ... | 1987 | 3040049 |
| immunization with rough mutants of salmonella minnesota: protective activity of igm and igg antibody to the r595 (re chemotype) mutant. | we evaluated the immunoglobulin class responsible for the protective activity in serum obtained from humans and rabbits after immunization with the r595 (re chemotype) mutant of salmonella minnesota. whole serum obtained before immunization and the igg and igm fractions failed to protect mice against lethal challenge with viable klebsiella pneumoniae or morganella morganii or with salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide (lps). the protective activity of postimmunization serum resided solely in igm a ... | 1988 | 3042871 |
| immunization with rough mutants of salmonella minnesota: initial studies in human subjects. | vaccines prepared from unheated and boiled, acetone-precipitated salmonella minnesota r595 (re chemotype mutant) were administered subcutaneously to 122 healthy volunteers. titers of antibody to re lipopolysaccharide, the basal core structure of endotoxin, as measured by indirect hemagglutination, rose in a dose-responsive fashion after immunization. febrile reactions, usually mild, occurred after 7% of injections with the highest doses (2.0 and 3.0 x 10(10) organisms), and mild local soreness a ... | 1988 | 3042872 |
| unusual complications of salmonella enteriditis group d infection. | a 25-year-old syrian presented complaining mainly of fever, night sweats and nausea. he had 3 days earlier mild abdominal cramps and short-lived diarrhoea. on admission, he developed signs of deep vein thrombosis and blood and stool cultures showed salmonella enteriditis infection. the patient was started on chloramphenicol and later showed acute abdominal signs. laparotomy revealed intestinal perforation on the lower ileum. the case together with the experience in this hospital and elsewhere of ... | 1988 | 3043008 |
| nervous control of the phagocytic system. | the complexity of the immune response, including numerous functional changes (thermoregulatory, circulatory, respiratory, metabolic etc.) led us (benetato, baciu & vlad, 1945) to hypothesize nervous hypothalamic control of this important homeostatic response. this work synthesizes the experimental results obtained in the last four decades by us on the nervous control of the phagocytic system. unfortunately at that time those findings were uninteresting, immunity being satisfactorily explained as ... | 1988 | 3045039 |
| [recurrent infections caused by salmonella typhimurium]. | we report the case of a 27 month-old girl with recurrent salmonella typhi murium infections. the study of the neutrophil cells showed a transitory selective deficiency of the chemiluminescent response. after 5 months of pefloxacine therapy, recovery was obtained. | 1988 | 3046549 |
| streptokinase clot culture compared with whole blood culture for isolation of salmonella typhi and s. paratyphi a from patients with enteric fever. | the sensitivities of whole blood and clot cultures were compared in 155 patients with typhoid or paratyphoid fever. salmonella typhi or s. paratyphi a were isolated from 98.7% of 5 ml 1:10 blood:broth ratio blood cultures and 94.8% of 5 ml streptokinase clot cultures (p greater than 0.05). there was no difference in the speed of isolation. whole blood culture and clot culture were of nearly equal sensitivity in this group of patients. | 1988 | 3055466 |
| construction and characterization of vaccine strains of salmonella harboring mutations in two different aro genes. | derivatives of the mouse-virulent salmonella typhimurium strain sl1344 were constructed harboring stable mutations in aroc alone or in aroc and aroa together. fifty percent lethal doses after intravenous inoculation of the mutants into balb/c mice were determined, and the mutants were as highly attenuated as were sl1344 aroa derivatives. all aro-dependent derivatives persisted in vivo at similar levels and for similar intervals in the livers and spleens of balb/c mice infected intravenously. mic ... | 1988 | 3058818 |
| the current status of typhoid vaccine development and clinical trials with typhoid vaccines. | the killed whole cell typhoid vaccines, although protective, have limited usefulness because of the adverse reactions they evoke. in contrast, new typhoid vaccines protect without reactogenicity. attenuated oral vaccine ty2la has been evaluated in field trials of efficacy in santiago, chile. three doses of ty2la in an enteric-coated formulation given within one week provided 69% efficacy for at least four years. ty2la has reached the stage of being a practical public health tool. two double auxo ... | 1988 | 3064323 |
| clinical experience with typhoid vaccine in thailand. | a brief report of the typhoid vaccine trials in thailand is reviewed, and discussed in relation to other clinical and field studies. | 1988 | 3064324 |
| [salmonella typhi murium spondylodiscitis in systemic lupus]. | 1988 | 3066252 | |
| [use of a method of membrane filters for isolating salmonella from drinking water]. | 1988 | 3066706 | |
| salmonella infections. | 1988 | 3068043 | |
| research opportunities in typhoid fever: epidemiology and molecular biology. | 1988 | 3071366 | |
| ceftriaxone in the treatment of bacterial meningitis in adults. | twenty-six adults with acute bacterial meningitis were enrolled in an open randomized comparative study. the organisms isolated from csf were streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus epidermidis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli and salmonella typhi. 13 patients (group a) were treated once daily with intravenous ceftriaxone (rocephin). the 13 patients in group b received ampicillin or ampicillin plus chloramphenicol in 4 doses/day. the mean duration of therapy in groups a and b was 9.9 a ... | 1988 | 3073045 |
| norfloxacin in the treatment of infections caused by salmonella typhi. | the bacteriological and clinical efficacy of norfloxacin 400 mg b.i.d. was studied in an open, non-comparative trial. twenty-seven patients with clinical symptoms of typhoid fever were included and assigned to treatment for 14 days. salmonella typhi was found in stools and/or blood cultures from 12 patients. subsequent cultures from ten of these patients were negative during treatment and in the follow-up period. two patients remained positive in stool cultures. body temperature normalized withi ... | 1988 | 3074465 |
| lipopolysaccharide structures in enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vibrio cholerae are immunologically related to campylobacter spp. | to determine whether lipopolysaccharide (lps) structures of campylobacter species are immunologically related to those of 11 other gram-negative organisms, we immunoblotted from polyacrylamide gels the lps of these strains with immune rabbit serum raised against six campylobacter jejuni strains and two campylobacter fetus strains. the lps studied were from salmonella minnesota wild type and ra to re mutants, salmonella typhi, escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica, vibrio cholerae, and pseudo ... | 1986 | 3079730 |
| duodenal string cultures: practicality and sensitivity for diagnosing enteric fever in children. | 1986 | 3080533 | |
| platelet-activating factor-induced ischemic bowel necrosis. an investigation of secondary mediators in its pathogenesis. | the authors have previously reported a model of ischemic bowel necrosis produced in the rat by synthetic platelet-activating factor (paf) or a combination of paf and bacterial endotoxin. because rat platelets are refractory to paf and thromboemboli were not found in the mesenteric or intestinal microvasculature, they suspected that secondary mediators were involved in the pathogenesis of bowel necrosis. they have found the following lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid, especially leukotrie ... | 1986 | 3080895 |
| cross-reactions in cell-mediated immunity to salmonella causing enteric fever. | cross-reactivity in a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dh) response was studied in mice immunised with live salmonella typhi, s. paratyphi a and s. paratyphi b. extensive cross-reactions outside the serogroup limits were observed. the ability of dh cross-reacting and non-cross-reacting sonicates to generate activated macrophages was studied in mice immunised 3 months earlier with s. paratyphi b. whereas dh cross-reacting s. poona sonicate generated activated macrophages the non-cross-reacting s. t ... | 1986 | 3084790 |
| [salmonellae in milk and milk products]. | 1986 | 3085403 | |
| [comparison of the gruber-widal and elisa technics used to study salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi infections in patients]. | in this study, antibody levels were determined against the agents of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in 168 patient's sera and 40 healthy control sera by gruber-widal and elisa techniques. we compared the results of these two techniques, and discussed. the needed antigens for both techniques were prepared from the local strains of the agents of these infections which were isolated in our laboratory. the widal's tube agglutination test was carried out by classical method, and the elisa technique wa ... | 1986 | 3088401 |
| bone marrow aspirate culture superior to streptokinase clot culture and 8 ml 1:10 blood-to-broth ratio blood culture for diagnosis of typhoid fever. | we compared the sensitivities of bone marrow aspirate culture (bmac), 3 ml 1:4 and 8 ml 1:10 blood-to-broth ratio blood cultures (bc), 8 ml streptokinase clot culture (stkcc) and rectal swab culture (rsc) for isolating salmonella typhi and s. paratyphi a from 61 patients with typhoid or paratyphoid fever in jakarta, indonesia. bmac (92%) was significantly more sensitive than 8 ml bc (62%), 8 ml stkcc (51%), 3 ml bc (44%), rsc (56%) and the 19 ml combination of all three bc methods (71%). the com ... | 1986 | 3089041 |
| trimethoprim in enteric fever. | seventy-one patients suffering from typhoid or paratyphoid fever were treated with trimethoprim. sixty-three were cured. only three patients continued to excrete salmonella typhi in stools at the time of discharge from hospital. trimethoprim alone is a suitable agent for the treatment of enteric fever. | 1986 | 3093448 |
| evaluation of blood clot cultures for isolation of salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi-a, and brucella melitensis. | two types of clot culture, one with taurocholate-streptokinase and the other with bile as a culture medium, and two conventional cultures of whole blood were evaluated in parallel in an area where typhoid fever and brucellosis are endemic. each of the four systems contained 5 ml of blood or the clot derived from 5 ml of blood and sufficient broth to yield a 1:11 dilution of the specimen. of 542 patients studied, salmonella paratyphi-a was isolated from 61, s. typhi from 46, and brucella melitens ... | 1986 | 3093527 |
| study on antimicrobial resistance and transferable resistance of salmonella strains. | 1986 | 3100155 | |
| [septic disease pictures in salmonella infections]. | 3715 strains of salmonella have been isolated from various sources from 1976 to 1985. 26 of these isolates have been s. typhi and paratyphi b, 3689 isolates were nontyphoid strains. 7 isolates of s. typhi and s. paratyphi have been isolated from blood cultures. all persons infected with these strains have acquired these organisms in tropical and subtropical areas. in contrast, salmonella gastroenteritis is mainly confined to the intestinal tract. 21 isolates of nontyphoid salmonellae, however, h ... | 1986 | 3100423 |
| in vitro activity of ofloxacin against 210 clinical isolates of typhoid salmonellae. | 210 clinical isolates of typhoid salmonellae, cultivated from blood of patients with typhoid fever (108 strains of salmonella typhi, 99 strains of salmonella paratyphi a and three strains of salmonella paratyphi b) as well as 266 random clinical isolates of escherichia coli (n = 152), klebsiella spp. (n = 51) and proteus spp. (n = 63) were tested for susceptibility to ofloxacin, using an agar dilution method. all the typhoid salmonellae were found to be highly sensitive to ofloxacin with mics ra ... | 1986 | 3102385 |
| characterization of self-transmissible plasmids determining lactose fermentation and multiple antibiotic resistance in clinical strains of klebsiella pneumoniae. | the lactose fermentation (lac+) and antibiotic resistance (r+) phenotypes were conjugally transferred from klebsiella pneumoniae strains (k166, k182, k186, k218, and k220) to salmonella typhi, s. typhimurium, shigella flexneri, and vibrio cholerae. the genes for lactose fermentation and antibiotic resistance were located on the plasmids. further analysis of plasmid dna from these isolates indicated the presence of multiple plasmids (mr ranged less than 2.7 to 70 x 10(6)). the lac+r+ plasmids p16 ... | 1987 | 3107002 |
| [clinical course of cases of typhoid and paratyphoid a and b fevers in relation to the sensitivity of the causative agent to chloramphenicol]. | 1986 | 3107100 | |
| typhoid and paratyphoid fever in 192 hospitalized children in thailand. | from 1977 to 1984, salmonella typhi was isolated from 85% and salmonella paratyphl a was isolated from 15% of 192 thai children with enteric fever at children's hospital, bangkok. children with enteric fever presented with sudden onset of fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. of fever presented with sudden onset diarrhea occurred in 62% of children with paratyphoid fever and 36% of children with typhoid fever. rose spots were seen in 15% of patients with typhoid and 7% of patients with paratyphoi ... | 1987 | 3115088 |
| [diagnostic value of the slide coagglutination reaction in typhoid-paratyphoid diseases]. | 1987 | 3118569 | |
| diffuse abdominal gallium-67 citrate uptake in salmonella infections. | two pediatric patients with salmonella infections (one with typhoid fever and the second with salmonella c2 gastroenteritis), had a diffuse abdominal uptake of ga-67 citrate. the possible explanation for this finding is discussed. salmonella infection should be included as a cause in the differential diagnosis of diffuse accumulation of ga-67 citrate. | 1987 | 3123113 |
| distribution of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b phage types in italy from 1974 through 1985. | the temporal changes in occurrence and distribution in salmonella typhi and paratyphi b phage types in italy during a twelve year period are considered. from 1974 to 1985, 2.075 isolates of salmonella typhi and 830 isolates of salmonella paratyphi b were phage typed at the national centre for enterobacteria in rome and the three regional centres for enterobacteria in milan, palermo and pisa. the most prevalent types of salmonella typhi were a, c1, d1, vi degraded strains e1, i+iv and c4. types a ... | 1988 | 3127661 |
| effect of nutritional factors on aflatoxin b1 inhibition of growth in escherichia coli and salmonella typhi. | the extent of growth inhibition by aflatoxin b1 in s. typhi and e. coli was greater in the presence of sodium citrate or sodium phosphate, palmitic and stearic acid than aflatoxin b1 alone. the addition of amino acids (glycine or glutamic acid) stimulated growth in e. coli and inhibited in s. typhi in the presence of aflatoxin b1. other nutrients, such as yeast extract, lactose, or salt addition did not alter aflatoxin b1 antibacterial activity but decreased growth was observed in the presence o ... | 1988 | 3129346 |
| detection of salmonella typhi protein antigen in serum and urine: a value for diagnosis of typhoid fever in an endemic area. | using haemoculture as the gold standard, a double antibody sandwich elisa for the detection of salmonella typhi barber protein antigen (bp) was compared with the widal test. specimens used were serum and urine obtained from normal healthy individuals and from patients with typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, pyrexia caused by other bacteria and pyrexia with negative haemoculture. the elisa for antigenuria gave a significantly higher sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive predictive value ... | 1987 | 3130067 |
| prospective randomized comparative trial of pefloxacin versus cotrimoxazole in the treatment of typhoid fever in adults. | pefloxacin, which has been shown to have a high in vitro activity against salmonella spp., was compared to cotrimoxazole in the treatment of typhoid fever in adults. in a prospective, randomized trial, 42 patients with bacteriologically documented typhoid fever received either 400 mg pefloxacin b.i.d. or 160/800 mg cotrimoxazole b.i.d. duration of treatment was 14 days in both groups. all patients were cured without experiencing a relapse or becoming a salmonella carrier. apyrexia and resolution ... | 1988 | 3137036 |
| comparative in vitro activity of the new oral cephalosporin cefixime. | cefixime was 8 to 10 times more active than cefaclor and augmentin against isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhi, mic90 values ranging from 0.06 to 0.25 micrograms/ml. however, none of these three drugs was particularly active against isolates of more resistant gram-negative bacilli such as enterobacter, serratia, citrobacter, acinetobacter, providencia and achromobacter spp. the lowest mic values for gram-negative bacilli were seen with ciprofloxacin, except f ... | 1988 | 3137053 |