Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [the complex serologic diagnosis of typhoid fever]. | a parallel serological study of the blood sera of typhoid patients has been made by the methods of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and the indirect hemagglutination test with a view to establish the presence of soluble typhoid antigens and their corresponding antibodies. as shown in this study, the occurrence of salmonella typhi o- and vi-antigens is essentially higher than the content of specific antibodies in diagnostically significant titers. | 1989 | 2479196 |
| [the antigenic characteristics of salmonella typhi l forms]. | the study of the possibility of detecting the specific antigens of s. typhi l forms has revealed that out of three destructive methods under study (osmotic lysis, freezing-thawing, sonication) only ultrasonic disintegration has proved to be effective for s. typhi l forms. three specific fractions capable of interacting only with specific antibodies to s. typhi l forms have been revealed in the course of chromatographic separation of the soluble antigenic complex of s. typhi stable l forms and th ... | 1989 | 2480039 |
| standardisation of the widal test. | 1989 | 2483249 | |
| [the detection of antigenemia in typhoid patients at different periods in the course of the infection]. | the enzyme immunoassay of serum samples, obtained from 37 typhoid patients and previously subjected to bacteriological study with negative results, permitted the detection of s. typhi specific antigens and, as a consequence, the rapid diagnosis of the disease. the prevalence of various antigenic components of s. typhi was observed at different stages of infection. the presence of surface o and vi antigens was characteristic of acute stages of s. typhi infection. at the same time l-form antigens, ... | 1989 | 2483481 |
| [stationary and migratory avifauna as reservoirs of salmonella, yersinia and campylobacter]. | domestic and wild animals have been always considered very important as reservoir of agents of human infections. particularly birds, because of their great mobility from a continent to another or within the limits of the same ecosystem may transfer pathogenic micro-organisms. the present survey was undertaken in order to evaluate the presence of campylobacter, yersinia and salmonella in migratory and permanent birds. during the period october 1986 to march 1988 intestinal loops were collected fr ... | 1989 | 2483644 |
| immunomodulatory role of thyroid hormones: effect on humoral immune response to salmonella typhi o antigen. | effect of long term administration of thyroid hormones and the removal of thyroid on humoral antibody response to s. typhi o antigen was studied in male albino rats of hm strain. humoral antibody response to s. typhi o antigen was enhanced in animals pretreated with t3 or t4 at a dose of 10 micrograms daily for 15 days. administration of thyroid hormones simultaneously along with antigen, resulted in suppression of antibody response. in thyroidectomized animals, the antibody titer to s. typhi o ... | 1989 | 2483841 |
| effect of detoxification processes on the interferon-inducing activity of bacterial endotoxins. | the interferon (ifn)-inducing activity of detoxified lipopolysaccharide (lps) was tested in rabbits treated with lps preparation derived from escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, salmonella enteritidis and shigella dysenteriae serovar 1. of the detoxification procedures used, alkaline hydrolysis, hydroxylaminolysis, formalization, treatment with sodium deoxycholate and the radiodetoxification (fast or slow) methods had no appreciable effects on the ifn-inducing potential of lps. in contrast, acet ... | 1989 | 2484274 |
| [monoclonal antibodies against the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella typhi 9,12,vi:d. analysis of passive protection in a mouse model of typhoid fever]. | the current work was undertaken in order to assess the role of the monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella typhi in the induction of passive protection against the challenge with the bacteria in a mice model. balb/c mice were immunized with the whole bacteria, mice with high anti-lps antibody titers were killed, the spleens were removed and splenocytes were fused with the mouse plasmocytoma sp2/0. two igm monoclonal antibodies against porins were developed. each on ... | 1989 | 2488771 |
| [role of enterococcus faecium sf 68 in experimental infection in mice]. | the normal intestinal flora is an important defence against various infectious agents. it also allows important metabolic stages in the host. the authors studied the ability of enterococcus faecium sf 68 to protect the mice (swiss strain) from infection by salmonella typhi and its role when used with penicillin in infection by staphylococcus aureus. our results showed that sf 68, determined a good protection against infection. moreover the association e. faecium sf 68-antibiotic lowers the morta ... | 1989 | 2488915 |
| [pericarditis caused by salmonella typhi]. | 1989 | 2490865 | |
| subclass characterization of igg anti-s.typhi lipopolysaccharide antibodies with commercial monoclonal antibodies. | we have evaluated several commercial monoclonal antibodies, specific for human igg subclasses, for their reactivity in an elisa test for the characterization of subclasses of igg anti- salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide (lps) antibodies. four monoclonals, each specific for a single igg subclass, were chosen for their good reactivity. in 19 typhoid and non-typhoid serum samples, the sum of the elisa values obtained with the four subclass-specific monoclonals was highly correlated with the elisa ... | 1989 | 2491431 |
| immune response of infants and preschool children to typhoid vaccine given intradermally or subcutaneously. | 1989 | 2493838 | |
| [recurrent thoracic abscess due to salmonella typhi]. | abscess formation by salmonella typhi is an unusual manifestation. a woman aged 62 suffered from recurrent abscess in the anterior thorax for 35 years, which was released by spontaneous pus drainage each time. pus cultures grew s. typhi, and the ct scan revealed a large abscess enclosing the sternum and left ribs. | 1989 | 2501434 |
| [a waterborne outbreak of typhoid fever associated with a small drinking water supply system in fuji city]. | fifteen cases of typhoid fever occurred in "harada" district fuji city in shizuoka prefecture during the period of 1983 to 1985. epidemiological and bacteriological investigations were carried out on the samples from a small water supply system, and drains of apartment houses in 1985. water from a small river in the neighboring water supply system, and faecal specimens from people living in close proximity were investigated. the results obtained were as follows: 1) salmonella typhi were isolated ... | 1989 | 2504837 |
| [clinical studies on patients with legal communicable diseases encountered from 1981 to 1986]. | patients with legal communicable diseases admitted to kawasaki municipal hospital between 1981 and 1986 were studied. ages of patients were over 15 year-old. during this period 115 patients were admitted. out of these patients 84 had shigellosis, and 9 had amebiasis. out of 20 salmonellosis, 18 were due to salmonella typhi and 2 were due to salmonella paratyphi-a, respectively. two were admitted because of cholera. out of the patients with shigellosis, 27 were domestic and 57 were foreign infect ... | 1989 | 2504839 |
| lytic effect of pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase on gram-positive and -negative bacteria. | elastase of pseudomonas aeruginosa p3 caused lysis of freshly grown cells of gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus and s. epidermidis) and gram-negative (proteus vulgaris and salmonella typhi) bacteria. heat killed and lyophilized gram-negative bacteria showed higher sensitivity to elastase. both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were lysed maximally by elastase at ph 8.0. at this ph, the activity of elastase was maximal in tris-hcl and glycine-naoh buffers followed by tris-maleate and cac ... | 1989 | 2505788 |
| characterization of the salmonella paratyphi c vi polysaccharide. | the vi capsular polysaccharide (vi) is both a virulence factor and a protective antigen of salmonella typhi; its pathogenic role for salmonella paratyphi c is less well understood. we found no differences between the antigenic and immunogenic properties and the structure of the vi from representative strains of s. paratyphi c, s. typhi, and citrobacter freundii. there were, however, differences in both the amount produced per cell and the degree of association with the cell among the vi from the ... | 1989 | 2506132 |
| effect of date extract on growth and spore germination of bacillus subtilis. | berhi date extract was studied for its effect on the growth of bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhi and pseudomonas aeruginosa. from 80 to 99% inhibition was observed in nutrient broth cultures containing 20% (w/v) date extract. spore germination of b. subtilis was inhibited completely using various concentrations of date extract. cell elongation and depression in the cell wall of b. subtilis were seen by scanning electron microscopy as a result of incubation in a growth me ... | 1989 | 2512469 |
| [increased efficiency in the disinfection of sewage by lactic acid bacteria]. | the antimicrobic properties have been studied in 30 strains of lactobacilli. as a result a strain, the strongest antagonist relative to choleric vibrios and other enteropathogenic microorganisms, is selected. lactobacilli are found to retain their viability and biological activity in the activated sludge during the whole period of observation (6 months). biological disinfection of sewage is shown possible to be intensified using the activated sludge inoculated by the culture of the selected lact ... | 1989 | 2514340 |
| [epidemiologic characterization of typhoid and paratyphoid fever and their prevention]. | 1989 | 2516479 | |
| [acute polyarthritis in a patient with aids. clinical report]. | a homosexual patient known to be hiv positive for 2 years developed fever, herpes labialis, salmonellosis and symmetric polyarthritis. no specific cause was documented for the arthritis which was ascribed to the aids syndrome. partial improvement in symptoms was observed after therapy with cotrimoxazole and indomethacin. musculoskeletal complications of aids are reviewed. | 1989 | 2519452 |
| reaction and response of newborn guinea pigs to experimental salmonella typhi infection. | newborn guinea pigs, orally infected with salmonella typhi were examined at various intervals of time in order to determine bacterial distribution in tissues and to establish possible correlation with the clinical aspects manifested. histopathological examination evidenced typical lesions in jejunum, ileum, caecum and especially in regional lymphatic tissues. spleen, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes presented granulomatous lesions similar to those observed in in human typhoid fever. after oral a ... | 1989 | 2520670 |
| activation of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages by ribosomal extract of salmonella typhi strain. electron microscopy studies. | normal macrophages and salmonella typhi ribosomal antigen-activated (immune) ones were studied by electron microscopy. examination of fine sections from samples incubated between 30 and 120 minutes at 37 degrees c, emphasized phagocytic ability of activated macrophages (29-69% activated macrophages phagocytized 3.7-5.6 bacteria/cell, in contrast to 23-43% with 2.6-4.4 bacteria/phagocytized by non-immune cells). the ultrastructural studies of activated macrophages, performed by electron microscop ... | 1989 | 2520671 |
| immune response to the iron-deprivation-induced proteins of salmonella typhi in typhoid fever. | iron starvation conditions limited the growth of salmonella typhi, as evidenced by an increase in the lag phase of a culture and a decrease in the number of bacteria reached in the stationary phase. the analysis of the outer membrane of bacteria grown under these conditions identified new protein components with apparent molecular weights of 83,000, 78,000, and 69,000. the extent of induction of these proteins was regulated by increased iron deprivation. immunoblot analysis showed that the serum ... | 1989 | 2522420 |
| bacteriophage p22 as a vehicle for transducing cosmid gene banks between smooth strains of salmonella typhimurium: use in identifying a role for arod in attenuating virulent salmonella strains. | a cosmid gene bank of the virulent salmonella typhimurium c5 was constructed in escherichia coli k12. the bank was repackaged into bacteriophage heads and transduced into the semi-rough s. typhimurium strain as68 which expresses the lamb lambda receptor protein. approximately 6000 ampicillin-resistant transductants were pooled and used as host for the propagation of bacteriophage p22. the p22 lysate was able to transduce cosmid recombinants to smooth strains of s. typhimurium and individual tran ... | 1989 | 2523513 |
| [splenic abscess caused by salmonella typhi in a child]. | 1989 | 2524756 | |
| [serotypes, biotypes and antibiotypes of salmonella typhi murium strains isolated in senegal]. | 1989 | 2531391 | |
| [non-tuberculous spondylodiscitis. multicenter study of 19 cases]. | 19 patients diagnosed as non-tuberculous infectious spondylodiscitis (ntis) have been studied retrospectively over the last 10 years in three general hospitals. the etiology of 13 cases was confirmed (there were nine cases of staphylococcus aureus, two of brucella, one of pseudomonas aeruginosa and another of salmonella typhi), and the diagnosis of the remaining cases was based on clinical and radiological data as well as on the evolution with antibiotic treatment. the age of the majority of the ... | 1989 | 2535664 |
| humoral and cell mediated immune responses to porins of salmonella typhi. | humoral and cell mediated immune responses were studied in control, infected and immunized-infected mice at different time intervals. the levels of antiporin antibodies were found to be higher throughout the study period in immunized-infected group in which 87.5% protection was observed by mouse potency test. a significant increase in stimulation index of lymphocyte blast transformation as well as delayed type hypersensitivity response was observed in the same group as compared to infected and c ... | 1989 | 2545961 |
| specific immunoglobulin response in mice immunized with porins and challenged with salmonella typhi. | specific antiporin antibody (igg, igm, and iga) response was studied in control, infected, immunized-infected, and immunized mice. the activity of specific igg immunoglobulins was found to be the highest in immunized and immunized-infected groups in which 87.5% protection had been observed by laboratory potency test in mice; the next-highest activities were those of igm and iga immunoglobulins. however, in the infected group the activity of specific igm and igg immunoglobulins was almost similar ... | 1989 | 2549349 |
| endotoxin increases the liver fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration in fasted rats. | following endotoxin administration to fasted rats, the liver fructose 2,6-bisphosphate level is significantly increased within 1 hr, is elevated 2.3-fold by 3 hrs, and remains elevated 2 to 3-fold for at least 24 hrs. this increase in the potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase occurs when there is no change in the liver glc 6-p, glycogen or camp concentrations, or in the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase or pyruvate kinase. the increase in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate conc ... | 1989 | 2558647 |
| susceptibility of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella typhi to oxygen metabolites. | the susceptibility of salmonella typhimurium lt2 and s. typhi 1079 to oxygen metabolites were compared. s. typhimurium lt2 and s. typhi 1079 were killed to an equal extent (about 40%) by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase (200 mu/ml) system. among the various scavengers of oxygen metabolites, catalase alone inhibited the killing of s. typhimurium lt2 and s. typhi 1079 by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, indicating that hydrogen peroxide contributed to the killing of salmonellae. the respiratory ... | 1989 | 2561073 |
| [elaboration of an immunosorbent for the purification of porins from salmonella typhi 9, 12, vi:d]. | the current work was undertaken to purify porins of salmonella typhi, which are outer membrane proteins (omps) that induce protection in mice against challenge with the bacteria in mucin. omps, isolated with a non-ionic detergent, had a 4% contamination with lps (endotoxin) and molecular sizes ranging from 17 to 70 kda. porins (mw 38-41 kda) were isolated from omps preparative sds-page. anti-porins antisera were raised in rabbits and specific igg was purified, which was coupled to sepharose-cnbr ... | 1989 | 2562234 |
| intragenic recombination in a flagellin gene: characterization of the h1-j gene of salmonella typhi. | salmonella typhi, the etiologic agent of typhoid fever, typically has only a phase-1 flagellar antigen, d, but some isolates, found only in indonesia, have antigen j instead, and may have a second flagellar antigen, z66. it appears that intragenic recombination involving a directly repeated 11 bp sequence in the h1-d flagellin gene changed the flagellar antigen to j, by deleting 261 bp in its central, antigenically determinant, part. sequencing of the hypervariable regions of genes h1-d and h1-j ... | 1989 | 2583095 |
| the influence on the secretory iga antibody levels in lactating women of oral typhoid and parenteral cholera vaccines given alone or in combination. | 41 lactating pakistani women were vaccinated orally with salmonella typhi vaccine alone or in combination with parenteral vibrio cholerae whole cell vaccine, in order to study the possible difference in the secretory response after live and inactivated vaccines. the antibody response in saliva, milk and serum was recorded using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, elisa. all had prevaccination antibody levels against the 2 vaccines. the live s. typhi vaccine gave a serum igg and iga response b ... | 1989 | 2587944 |
| [the immunomodulating action of microwaves in the induction of an immune response to vi antigen]. | in this work the possibility of using microwaves for immunomodulation in the immunization of animals with thymus-independent antigen was studied. the projection zones of the thymus and adrenal glands of the test animals were subjected to the action of decimeter, or ultrahigh frequency (uhf), waves, while the corresponding zones of the control animals were subjected to imitation uhf irradiation. vi-antigen was shown to be a thymus-independent antigen for rabbits (according to the results of the e ... | 1989 | 2588886 |
| [efficacy of ofloxacin in treating typhoid fever]. | we studied 75 patients (36 males and 39 females), suffering from typhoid fever. 64 patients were treated with ofloxacin and 11 with amikacin, dosage regimens of the two drugs were 300 mg and 300-400 mg twice daily. clinical effective rate was 100% with ofloxacin and 36.4% with amikacin. a total of 72 strains of salmonella typhi was isolated from all the patients of both groups. bacteriological elimination rate was 100% with ofloxacin after treatment. sensitive rates for s. typhi isolated was 100 ... | 1989 | 2598731 |
| antibiotic-multiresistant salmonella typhi in egypt. | 1989 | 2603188 | |
| infective thyroiditis in northern nigeria: a fifteen-year study. | infective (suppurative) thyroiditis is almost non-existent in the developed world and even in the developing world, it still remains a rare disease entity. seventeen patients with this disease were seen in 15 years in zaria, northern nigeria. fourteen of these patients had multinodular goitre, one patient had an adenoma and 2 never had a pre-existing neck swelling. two patients with multinodular goitres had associated papillary and follicular carcinoma respectively. pus was not obtained for cult ... | 1989 | 2606017 |
| salmonella typhi infection associated with a school feeding programme. | 1989 | 2607588 | |
| crescentic glomerulonephritis and cerebellar ataxia in a patient with enteric fever. | 1989 | 2613666 | |
| salmonella typhi vaccine strain in vitro; low infectivity in human cell line u937. | salmonella typhi strain ty21a has been used for live oral vaccine. the infectivity of ty21a, in comparison with s. typhi ty2, was evaluated using the human monocyte-macrophage cell line u937. assays were performed by quantitative microscopy and viable count technique. ty2 infected approximately 100% of the cells, multiplied extensively within these cells and caused cell death. the same dose of ty21a infected only about 15% of the cells, resulting in a low number of intracellular bacilli and cell ... | 1989 | 2613709 |
| [studies on the clinical and bacteriological effects of ofloxacin on the typhoid patients and carriers]. | fundamental and clinical studies of oflx were performed against the patients with typhoid fever and typhoid carriers. 1) clinical and bacteriological effects: eight patients with typhoid fever and 3 typhoid carriers were treated with oflx. daily doses of the agent were 900 mg in 5 adult patients, 600 mg in a child patient and 3 adult carriers. in one case of the remaining 2 adult patients, daily doses of the agent changed from 800 mg to 1200 mg and from 900 mg to 1200 mg in the other one. the du ... | 1989 | 2614096 |
| unique sequences in region vi of the flagellin gene of salmonella typhi. | the h1 (now renamed flic; lino et al., 1988) alleles specifying antigenically different salmonella flagellins are identical at their ends but differ greatly towards the middle, where there are two hypervariable segments (regions iv and vi). the flagellar antigen, d, of salmonella typhi, is found also as phase-1 antigen in many other salmonella species. we cloned the h1-d gene of a strain of s. typhi and determined the nucleotide sequence of its two hypervariable regions. comparison with gene h1- ... | 1989 | 2615651 |
| evaluation in papua new guinea of a urine coagglutination test and a widal slide agglutination test for rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever. | two simple rapid tests for the laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever were evaluated, a coagglutination test for detecting salmonella typhi antigens in urine and a widal slide agglutination for detecting serum antibodies. ninety-two culture-confirmed typhoid cases were compared with 64 non-typhoid fever patients, 50 close contacts of typhoid patients, 30 vaccinated staff and 72 healthy community members. a strong urine vi coagglutination was found to be 86.5% sensitive and 91.8% specific for typh ... | 1989 | 2617639 |
| standardisation of quantitative direct gas liquid chromatography for early detection of bacteria in blood cultures. | blood cultures with strains of aerobic, facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria were studied by quantitative direct gas liquid chromatography for early diagnosis of bacteraemias. small amounts of volatile and nonvolatile fatty acids were detected in uninoculated blood cultures. bacteroides fragilis produced acetic (27.6 mumol/ml), propionic (1.0 mumol/ml), isovaleric, (0.6 mumol/ml), lactic (4.5 mumol/ml) and succinic (2.7 mumol/ml) acids after 48 h. blood cultures inoculated with clostridiu ... | 1989 | 2620945 |
| an evaluation of modified widal test in the diagnosis of enteric fever. | serum samples obtained from 50 bacteriologically positive cases of salmonella typhi infection as well as 50 healthy individuals were subjected to conventional and modified widal tests simultaneously. a 4-fold difference in the titres was noticed in 50 sera of the test group and no change in the titres of the control group. the early rising 'o' antibodies which are of igm in nature and formed due to recent infection are inactivated by 2-mercaptoethanol while it has no effect on igg antibodies whi ... | 1989 | 2621357 |
| chloramphenicol resistant salmonella species isolated between 1978 and 1987. | during the ten year study i.e. 1978 to 1987, out of 53,251 cases of suspected enteric fever, s.typhi was isolated from 4005 cases (7%) and s.para typhi 'a' from 1108 cases (2.5%). a total of 52 strains of s. typhi and 4 strains of s.para typhi 'a' were found to be resistant to chloramphenicol. minimal inhibitory concentration was greater than 256 micrograms/ml of all the strains of s.typhi and s.para typhi 'a'. | 1989 | 2621666 |
| release of vi antigens from salmonella typhi: implications for virulence and diagnosis. | the release of vi antigens from three clinical isolates of salmonella typhi was measured by a vi-specific monoclonal antibody. large quantities of vi antigens were detected in the culture supernates from all three strains using either passive latex agglutination or rocket immunoelectrophoresis. vi antigens were also detected in broth cultures of s. typhi containing about 10(5) cells/ml using the sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. the significance of this finding in relationship to the v ... | 1989 | 2627498 |
| coagglutination test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever. | staphylococcal coagglutination (coa) test for the detection of salmonella typhi o (factor 9) antigen was evaluated as a diagnostic test in typhoid fever. supernatants from 106 blood cultures with gram negative bacilli were subjected to coa test. the sensitivity of the coa test for the detection of s. typhi o antigen was 88 per cent and the specificity 97 per cent. | 1989 | 2628289 |
| [a comparative analysis of the salmonella typhi strains isolated from patients and bacterial carriers]. | the comparative analysis of 133 s. typhi clinical strains isolated from patients and carriers in dnepropetrovsk province in 1978-1987 was carried out. as shown by this analysis, 10 vi phage types were represented in the set of strains under study, phage types a and f1 being the most numerous ones. phage type f1 occurred less frequently among the strains isolated from carriers. 31.1% of the strains were found to contain plasmids with different molecular weight ranging from 96 to 0.5 md. the occur ... | 1989 | 2629429 |
| prevalence of salmonella serotypes isolated in spain from human and non human sources (1983-1987). | salmonella serotypes over a five year period were studied in order to know their prevalence in spain. the salmonella reference centre received a total of 17,612 strains from 1983-1987. the majority (16,133) were of human origin and only 1,479 strains were isolated from non-human sources. the serotyping yielded 100 different serotypes, salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (8) being the commonest in both groups, 61.18% of human origin and 31.91% of non-human origin. salmonella enterica serotyp ... | 1989 | 2629788 |
| current status of widal test in diagnosis of typhoid fever in an endemic area. | 1989 | 2633356 | |
| antibacterial activity of human natural killer cells. | the in vitro effects of human nk cells on viability of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria was investigated. pbls depleted of glass-adherent cells showed a significant antibacterial activity that was increased as the concentration of nk cells became higher. leu-11-enriched cells exhibited the most efficient bactericidal activity. stimulation of nk cells with staphylococcal enterotoxin b for 16 h produced a significant increase in the antibacterial activity of all nk cells tested. the antiba ... | 1989 | 2642532 |
| endotoxin-induced cytokine gene expression in vivo. i. expression of tumor necrosis factor mrna in visceral organs under physiologic conditions and during endotoxemia. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) mrna was detected by northern blotting in whole-organ homogenates of the spleen, liver, kidney, lung, and small bowel in naive and saline-injected control rats, supporting the hypothesis that tnf mrna is present in vivo in a preformed intracellular pool. tnf mrna in endotoxin-treated rats as quantitated by densitometry of the ratio of tnf mrna to actin mrna in northern blots was present in increased quantity in the liver, kidney, and lung (1.6-2.9 times over time zero ... | 1989 | 2643883 |
| detection of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli after polymerase chain reaction amplification with a thermostable dna polymerase. | the direct identification of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli from clinical specimens was examined by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for amplifying the heat-labile toxin (lt) gene. two synthetic primers, each of which was 20 bases in length, were used with the thermostable dna polymerase from thermus aquaticus to amplify the lt gene. the amplified pcr products were detected by either gel electrophoresis or hybridization to a 24-base synthetic oligonucleotide probe conjugated to alkali ... | 1989 | 2644292 |
| live bacterial vaccines and their application as carriers for foreign antigens. | 1989 | 2648775 | |
| [infective endocarditis in children. apropos of 13 cases]. | from 1978 through 1987, thirteen pediatric patients aged 14/12 years to 16/12 years were hospitalized for infective endocarditis (ie). ten cases presented as acute septicemia with modification or development of a murmur and/or heart failure. three patients had subacute endocarditis. prior to the endocarditis, ten patients had recognized heart disease, whereas three had no known cardiac abnormality. the organism was recovered in seven cases, from blood cultures in six cases (3 staphylococcus aure ... | 1989 | 2648936 |
| community-wide epidemiological investigation of a typhoid outbreak in a rural township in taiwan, republic of china. | an outbreak of typhoid fever occurred in chu-tung township, taiwan, with dates of onset from 6 july to 8 august, 1983. fifty-four cases were hospitalized, of which 52 were laboratory confirmed. a chloramphenicol-resistant strain of salmonella typhi was isolated from patients' blood samples. a community survey of 2772 people selected from 490 households by stratified systematic cluster sampling, presented an attack rate of 9.4 per 1000 and a case reporting rate of 10%. the attack rate was higher ... | 1989 | 2656560 |
| oral shigella vaccines. | 1989 | 2659269 | |
| [the antimicrobial effect of lysozyme on nasal mucosa]. | we tested the effect of lysozyme on the nasal mucosa in a controlled double-blind in vivo study. the administration of non-pathogenic vaccine strains of living measles virus and of living vivotif bacteria (attenuated salmonella typhi) to 14 healthy subjects showed that lysozyme possesses a clear antimicrobial and antiviral effect. | 1989 | 2659560 |
| [genetics of the abdominal typhoid pathogen]. | 1989 | 2660480 | |
| [large food poisoning of salmonella typhi-murium caused by ice drinks]. | a large number of patients with fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain outbreaks in yongan, fujian in late aug. 1987. 1113 patients fell ill in 5 days. s. typhi-murium were isolated from patients feces. related ha-antibodies were detected in sera. all patients complained that they had eaten ice drink. through investigating one of ice-bar, s. typhi-murium were detected from ice-cream and frozen cream, eggs and containers. a lot of contaminated bacteria were detected in ice cream containing 2.2 10(5)- ... | 1989 | 2661008 |
| penetration of human intestinal epithelial cells by salmonella: molecular cloning and expression of salmonella typhi invasion determinants in escherichia coli. | salmonella typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, must invade the human gastrointestinal tract and multiply within the host to cause disease. we have cloned from s. typhi ty2 a chromosomal region that confers upon escherichia coli hb101 the ability to invade cultured human intestinal epithelial cells. three invasion-positive recombinant cosmids were isolated and restriction endonuclease analyses of the inserts showed a 33-kilobase region of identity. transmission electron microscopy of epi ... | 1989 | 2662196 |
| diagnostic usefulness of vi-indirect fluorescent antibody test(vi-ifat) for typhoid fever--a prospective study. | although the confirmative diagnosis of typhoid fever is by culture of the causative organism, usually from blood, a serological test is still necessary to provide a more rapid method of diagnosis. the indirect fluorescent antibody test, using a salmonella typhi vi antigen and a fitc-conjugated rabbit anti-human polyvalent immunoglobulin, was evaluated for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. serum specimens were collected from patients with febrile diseases on admission. of the 32 patients with titer ... | 1989 | 2662634 |
| progress in vaccines against typhoid fever. | the widely available heat-phenol-inactivated whole cell typhoid vaccine, which provides approximately 65% protection, has limited usefulness because of the adverse reactions it evokes. in contrast, several new typhoid vaccines promise protection without reactogenicity. attenuated oral vaccine ty21a has been evaluated in three field trials of efficacy in santiago, chile, involving 530,000 schoolchildren. three doses of ty21a in an enteric-coated formulation given within one week provided 69% effi ... | 1989 | 2669099 |
| [bacteremia caused by salmonella non-typhi in patients infected with hiv]. | all the cases of hiv infected patients diagnosed in our department during 1987 of salmonella bacteremia are included in this report. out of a total of 10 patients with both conditions, six were diagnosed of aids, three of aids related complex, and one presented an asymptomatic hiv infection. the mean age was 32.9 years (range 22 to 56). eight of them were males, seven were intravenous drug addicts, and three were homosexual. fever was observed in all cases and diarrhea in four of them. salmonell ... | 1989 | 2672161 |
| quinolones in the treatment of salmonella carriers. | infections caused by salmonella typhi are commonly followed by a chronic carrier state despite positive clinical and initial bacteriologic responses. the use of primary antibiotics like chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has several major drawbacks, including in some instances the failure to prevent the carrier state. the appearance worldwide of strains with multiple resistance to the most commonly used regimens has prompted the search for new forms of therapy. among ... | 1989 | 2672248 |
| false-positive widal test in nontyphoid salmonella infections. | 1989 | 2672364 | |
| [salmonella carriers]. | 1989 | 2682286 | |
| results of salmonella typhi culture in patients with suspected typhoid fever, treated in the department of child health medical school, padjadjaran university, hasan sadikin general hospital bandung. | from october to december 1984, examination has been carried out on salmonella-typhi cultures from blood, bone marrow, faeces and urine of 43 patients suffering from suspected typhoid fever treated in the department of child health, medical school/hasan sadikin general hospital, bandung. it was apparent that among these 43 patients, 51.2% were males and 48.8% females. the greater number of them were more than 5 years old (64.4%). the results of salmonella-typhi cultures were obtained from 65% of ... | 1989 | 2682467 |
| comparative analysis of the salmonella typhi and escherichia coli ompc genes. | the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the gene encoding the salmonella typhi ompc outer membrane protein, and its deduced amino acid (aa) sequence are presented here. the s. typhi ompc gene consists of an open reading frame of 1134 nt, corresponding to a protein of 378 aa; with a 21-aa signal peptide. this protein is 11 aa longer than escherichia coli ompc, but it has an identical leader peptide. the mature ompc sequence shows 79% similarity for both bacteria at the aa level, and 77% similarity at the ... | 1989 | 2684785 |
| [the possibilities of using variants of immunoenzyme analysis for detecting l-form salmonella typhi bacteria in biological fluids]. | the possibility of using, on principle, the enzyme immunoassay (eia) in different modifications for the detection of s. typhi l-forms in biological fluids (blood, urine) was established. the inhibiting variant of eia showed the highest sensitivity: 1 ng/ml. the direct sandwich variant permitted the quantitative determination of the antigen of s. typhi l-form in the widest range of 20-500 ng/ml. the indirect enzyme immunometric variant permitted the detection of s. typhi l-forms with a sensitivit ... | 1989 | 2686304 |
| isoenzyme analysis of typhoid-shigella and escherichia-shigella hybrid vaccines and their parental strains. | isoenzyme analysis can be used to measure phenotypic changes and to characterize bacterial strains. the use of isoenzyme analysis to characterize bacterial hybrid vaccine strains that were prepared for human vaccination is described in this report. the hybrid vaccine strains were two lots of salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei vaccine, two lots of escherichia coli-shigella flexneri vaccine, and their parental strains. the two lots of s. typhi-s. sonnei hybrid vaccine had only 5 of 11 reactive isoen ... | 1989 | 2687324 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for the diagnosis of enteric fever. | serum samples from 10 patients with culture positive salmonella typhi infection, 30 febrile non-typhoidal patients, and 22 healthy subjects were tested for both salmonella common structural antigen (csa) and antibody to pathogenic species of salmonella. serum, urine and stool specimens from these patients were used to detect salmonella antigen(s). igm anti-s. typhi lipopolysaccharide antibody gave the best discrimination between typhoid patients, febrile non-typhoidal cases, and healthy control ... | 1989 | 2688222 |
| comparative efficacy of indirect haemagglutination test, indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in serodiagnosis of typhoid fever. | in the present study three tests, viz. iha, ifa and elisa were compared for their sensitivity, specificity and predictive values in serodiagnosis of typhoid fever. one hundred and eleven sera samples comprising 41 culturally confirmed, 14 clinically suspected and 56 normal controls were tested. among the three tests, elisa was found to be the method of choice using single serum sample. | 1989 | 2691709 |
| general considerations in the management of typhoid fever and dysentery. | typhoid fever is diagnosed on the basis of isolation of salmonella typhi from blood, bone marrow, or bile. s. typhi found in stool or urine may reflect chronic asymptomatic carriage. although antimicrobial therapy may not eliminate carriage, it is effective for the treatment of clinically evident acute disease. among the drugs currently available, chloramphenicol is the most widely used. chloramphenicol is effective and inexpensive, but it is associated with a 3% rate of chronic carriage, a high ... | 1989 | 2694338 |
| furazolidone and chloramphenicol for treatment of typhoid fever. | seventy-one adults who were hospitalized between march 1985 and march 1987 were entered into a randomized, double-blind study to compare the efficacy and safety of furazolidone and chloramphenicol in therapy for typhoid fever. patients received chloramphenicol capsules (total daily dosage, 2 g) plus placebo tablets for furazolidone tablets (total daily dosage, 800 mg) plus placebo capsules for 14 days. seven patients were excluded from the analysis of efficacy because blood, bile, or bone marrow ... | 1989 | 2694339 |
| disease problems in the third world. | the mean annual rate of decline of the probability of dying 5 years of age in developing countries is 2.5%. nevertheless disease accounts for a considerable proportion of premature deaths. the leading causes of death in these countries, in order, include respiratory disease, diseases of the circulatory system, low birth weight, diarrhea, measles, injuries, malnutrition, and neoplasms. these conditions represent diseases of poverty and affluence. respiratory infections are common among 5-year ... | 1989 | 2698079 |
| strategies for the development of vaccines for typhoid fever, shigellosis, and cholera. | 1989 | 2698084 | |
| immunity to salmonella typhi: considerations relevant to measurement of cellular immunity in typhoid-endemic regions. | experiments were performed in baltimore, maryland and in santiago, chile, to determine the level of salmonella typhi antigen-driven in vitro lymphocyte replication response which signifies specific acquired immunity to this bacterium and to determine the best method of data analysis and form of data presentation. lymphocyte replication was measured as incorporation of 3h-thymidine into desoxyribonucleic acid. data (ct/min/culture) were analyzed in raw form and following log transformation, by no ... | 1989 | 2702777 |
| [comparative serology in typhoid fever in children. ii. comparison of a microhemagglutination plate technic with ruiz-castañeda surface fixation]. | two lipopolysaccharide antigens that differ by the technique of preparation from s. typhi, one named crude is easily extracted, the other one is water-phenol extracted. both were adsorbed by papain and cysteine to lamb erythrocyte surfaces, fixed then by glutaraldehyde and used in a plate microhemagglutination test (mha). the mha test was done with 30 sera from children with s. typhi blood isolates. the same number of control sera were tested for comparison. the crude lps antigen showed better s ... | 1989 | 2713064 |
| invasion and lysis of hela cell monolayers by salmonella typhi: the role of lipopolysaccharide. | adhesion to and penetration of hela cell monolayers by salmonella typhi ty2 requires the presence of a complete lipopolysaccharide as demonstrated by the inability of polysaccharide-defective mutants to invade the monolayer. lysis of hela cell monolayers by salmonella typhi ty2 is associated with intracellular bacterial multiplication and no detectable production of extracellular toxins. the ability of salmonella typhi to invade and lyse monolayers could provide a novel system for the study of i ... | 1989 | 2716513 |
| [the role of adhesin in the polymeric structure of vi-antigen]. | samples of vi-antigen subjected to hydrolysis of different duration have been studied. as revealed in this study, 12-hour hydrolysis causes the depolymerization of the preparation. the fragments thus obtained have been found to possess vi-specificity. the polymeric form of vi-antigen contains adhesin differing in specificity from vi-determinant. this component is absent in the low-molecular fraction of vi-antigen. adhesin is the binding element of the molecule of vi-antigen and ensures its polym ... | 1989 | 2728697 |
| monoclonal antibodies against flagellar antigen of salmonella typhi. | two hybrid cell clones secreting monoclonal antibodies against flagellar antigen isolated from salmonella typhi, were produced and characterized. the antibodies bound specifically to the flagellar strain of s. typhi and did not show any reactivity with a flagellar s. typhi or with flagellar strains of s. dublin, s. paratyphi a, s. paratyphi b, s. typhimurium, e. coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae. the antibodies recognized a determinant present on a group of proteins migratin ... | 1989 | 2744788 |
| use of a dna probe to detect salmonella typhi in the blood of patients with typhoid fever. | a dna probe was used to detect salmonella typhi from blood samples from 14 of 33 patients with culture-confirmed typhoid fever, using the equivalent of 2.5 ml of blood. in contrast, s. typhi was detected in 17 of the same 33 patients by culture of 8 ml of blood. the probe hybridized to blood samples of 4 of 47 patients from whom s. typhi was not isolated. | 1989 | 2745686 |
| evaluation of different plating media used in the isolation of salmonellas from environmental samples. | different serotypes of salmonellas were compared for selectivity and efficiency of recovery using 11 plating media. no optimal growth was obtained after 24 h incubation in any of the media, but after 48 h, brilliant green, brilliant green-phenol red-lactose-sucrose, bismuth sulphite, xylose-lysine-deoxycholate and hektoen enteric agars showed optimal recovery of all the salmonella serotypes. xylose-lysine-deoxycholate and brilliant green-phenol red-lactose-sucrose agars were the most selective m ... | 1989 | 2753839 |
| indirect immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and igm capture elisa for detection of antibodies to lipopolysaccharide in adult typhoid fever patients in pakistan. | sera from 339 adult febrile patients in pakistan were tested for antibodies to salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide by indirect immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and igm capture elisa. a total of 55 patients had s. typhi cultured from their blood, 20 had s. typhi cultured from their stool, 24 were blood or stool culture positive for s. paratyphi a, 41 were culture negative but clinically diagnosed as having enteric fever, 41 had gastrointestinal or urinary t ... | 1989 | 2754002 |
| humoral and cellular immune responses to salmonella typhi in patients with typhoid fever. | humoral and cellular immune responses to salmonella typhi have been studied in nine children with typhoid fever. by using dot immunobinding assay, anti-o-polysaccharide chain and antilipid a antibody titers have been evaluated during the course of the disease. anti-o-polysaccharide chain antibody titers are lower at the first week and increase up to the third week of the infection. on the other hand, antilipid a antibody levels, which are already higher at the beginning of the disease, progressi ... | 1989 | 2754534 |
| [the effect of opisthorchis invasion on the clinical course and outcome of abdominal typhoid. indicators of non-specific resistance and phagocytosis in patients with abdominal typhoid combined with chronic opisthorchiasis]. | a number of non-specific resistance indices (complement, properdin, lysozyme, bactericidal activity of blood serum, phagocytosis indices) in opisthorchis-invaded abdominal typhoid patients as well as in acute and chronic carriers of salmonella typhi was inferior to those of uninvaded patients (with the exception of bactericidal index). complete recovery from opisthorchiasis stimulated the cessation of s. typhi elimination and increase in the level of some non-specific resistance factors. | 1989 | 2755396 |
| [effect of danazol on heterozygous c protein coagulation deficiency exacerbated by salmonella typhi sepsis]. | the case of an 8-month-old male with heterozygous coagulation protein c deficiency is presented. sepsis due to salmonella typhi aggravated the protein c deficiency and resulted in arterial thrombosis of the distal third of the lower right limb. the patient was treated with both heparin and danazol, the levels of functional protein c increasing and the necrotic phenomenon resolving, thus making unnecessary amputation of the limb. the observation is discussed with the evidences of danazol being us ... | 1989 | 2757777 |
| treatment of typhoid fever with ofloxacin. | ofloxacin, 300 mg 12-hourly, was given orally to 64 patients with typhoid fever, all with positive blood cultures. almost 80% of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole, but sensitive to ofloxacin and norfloxacin. fever subsided within five days in most patients (mean 3.2 +/- 1.1), rates of clinical effectiveness and bacteriological cure both being 100%. thirty patients were followed for 1-3 months after the completion of therapy with no occurrence of relaps ... | 1989 | 2759925 |
| a study of salmonella typhi isolated in suez canal area. biotyping, phage typing and colicinogenic property. | in this work a total of 82 strains of salmonella typhi were isolated from egyptian patients diagnosed as quiry enteric fever. these cases were from ismalia, suez and port said areas. the strains fell in 16 phage types. phage types n, 40, e1, and degraded vi were the commonest phage type in ismailia, while phage types degraded vi and c1 were the commonest in port said. phage types di-n, degraded vi, a and c1 were the commonest in suez. chemotyping of salmonella typhi showed that the majority of t ... | 1989 | 2766444 |
| immunoblot detection of class-specific humoral immune response to outer membrane proteins isolated from salmonella typhi in humans with typhoid fever. | the studies reported here were undertaken to assess the ability of the outer membrane proteins (omps) of salmonella typhi to induce a humoral immune response in humans with typhoid fever. omps were isolated with the nonionic detergent triton x-100 and were found to be contaminated with approximately 4% lipopolysaccharide. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns showed protein bands with molecular size ranges from 17 to 70 kilodaltons; the major groups of proteins were ... | 1989 | 2768450 |
| multiple splenic abscesses following pseudomonas sepsis. | splenic abscess is an unusual clinical entity, which in most cases is secondary to metastatic spread of bacteria from a primary site of infection. before the antibiotic era, salmonella typhi was a common offending organism but now staphylococci and streptococci are predominant organisms. we report two rare cases of multiple splenic abscesses caused by pseudomonas infection. one case followed pseudomonas septicaemia and the other was secondary to pseudomonas pseudomallei osteomyletis of the femur ... | 1989 | 2774478 |
| typhoid fever diagnosed by isolation of s. typhi from gastric aspirate. | the diagnosis of typhoid fever (tf) is usually established by culturing s. typhi from the blood or by serology. in this report we describe three patients in whom the diagnosis of tf was made by the isolation of s. typhi from gastric contents, despite negative blood urine and stool cultures. culture of gastric contents has not previously been recognized as a diagnostic tool in this disease. | 1989 | 2782088 |
| identification and sequence of rfbs and rfbe, which determine antigenic specificity of group a and group d salmonellae. | salmonella group a, group b, and group d strains have paratose, abequose, and tyvelose, respectively, as the immunodominant sugar in their o antigens, which are otherwise identical; only the final steps differ in the biosynthetic pathways of these sugars. the gene rfbj from a group b strain, encoding abequose synthase, the final and only unique step in the biosynthesis of cdp-abequose, has been cloned and sequenced (p. wyk and p. reeves, j. bacteriol. 171:5687-5693, 1989). in this study, we loca ... | 1989 | 2793833 |
| [abdominal typhus; long-term fever and exanthema]. | 1989 | 2797303 | |
| endotoxin-induced ascites formation in the rat: partial mediation by platelet-activating factor. | systemic endotoxemia has been observed in patients with acute and chronic liver failure, and bacterial endotoxin is known to increase vascular permeability. we investigated in the normal rat the effects of intraportal endotoxin administration and the possible mediation of these effects by platelet-activating factor. injection of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (10 and 25 mg per kg) in the rat resulted in rapid ascites formation, as well as systemic hypotension, hemoconcentration and acute erosions ... | 1989 | 2807157 |
| a mouse monoclonal antibody to vi antigen & its usefulness in the serotyping of salmonella. | three igm monoclonal antibodies (moab) designated as mk2, mk3 and mk5 and specific for the vi antigen of salmonella typhi have been produced. these antibodies recognise the epitope involving the o-acetyl group of vi antigen. in slide agglutination tests, these moab's agglutinated all 11 isolates of s. typhi but not the other gram negative bacteria. this selective reactivity makes them better reagents for the identification of s. typhi than the conventional polyclonal antiserum. | 1989 | 2807427 |