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cloning, evaluation, and high-level expression of a thermo-alkaline pectate lyase from alkaliphilic bacillus clausii with potential in ramie degumming.alkaline pectate lyases (pels) have potential application in bioscouring of the textile industry. in this study, a thermo-alkaline pel (bacpela) gene from an alkaliphilic bacillus clausii strain was cloned and overexpressed in escherichia coli. the mature bacpela exhibited maximum activity at ph 10.5 and 70 °c and showed high cleavage capability on methylated pectins. bacpela showed the highest specific activity of 936.2 u mg(-1) on ≥85% methylated pectin and 675.5 u mg(-1) on standard substrate ...201728184988
preservation of replaced left hepatic artery during robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy: a case series.finding of a significant replaced left hepatic artery (rlha) during esophagectomy is relatively rare, with an incidence of approximately 5%. sparing of the artery may be required to avoid complications of liver ischemia. robotic assistance during esophagectomy may provide a technically superior method of artery preservation with minimally invasive approaches.201728251793
modeling of the morphological change of cellulose microfibrils caused with aqueous naoh solution: the longitudinal contraction and laterally swelling during decrystallization.the conformation of cellulose microfibrils treated with aqueous naoh was modeled as partially decrystallized cellulose chains before completing conversion to cellulose ii, in order to elucidate the change in morphology of ramie fiber caused by naoh treatment. equations for the relative length and width of the microfibrils were derived on the basis of partially decrystallized microfibrils modeling. each equation contains four parameters, n, β, w c , and c r , which correspond to the number of glu ...201728332081
isolation, identification, and environmental adaptability of heavy-metal-resistant bacteria from ramie rhizosphere soil around mine refinery.six bacteria strains from heavy-metal-polluted ramie rhizosphere soil were isolated through cd(2+) stress, which were numbered as jj1, jj2, jj10, jj11, jj15, and jj18. sequence alignment and phylogenic analysis showed that strain jj1 belonged to pseudomonas, strain jj2 belonged to cupriavidus, strains jj11 and jj15 belonged to bacillus, and strains jj10 and jj18 belonged to acinetobacter. the tolerance capability of all the strains was the trend of pb(2+) > zn(2+) > cu(2+) > cd(2+), the maximum ...201728391469
structure-based engineering of a pectate lyase with improved specific activity for ramie degumming.biotechnological applications of microbial pectate lyases (pels) in plant fiber processing are promising, eco-friendly substitutes for conventional chemical degumming processes. however, to potentiate the enzymes' use for industrial applications, resolving the molecular structure to elucidate catalytic mechanisms becomes necessary. in this manuscript, we report the high resolution (1.45 å) crystal structure of pectate lyase (peln) from paenibacillus sp. 0602 in apo form. through sequence alignme ...201728028551
robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy.esophagolymphadenectomy is the cornerstone of multimodality treatment for resectable esophageal cancer. the preferred surgical approach is transthoracic, with a two-field lymph node dissection and gastric conduit reconstruction. a minimally invasive approach has been shown to reduce postoperative complications and increase quality of life. robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (ramie) was developed to facilitate this complex thoracoscopic procedure. ramie has been shown to be safe with ...201727470056
[robot-assisted radical esophagectomy].robot-assisted esophagectomy for esophageal cancer began in 2003. both of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (ramie) and robot-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy (rate) have been applied to date. their reports show that the short term results focused on the safety and oncological aspects are equal to the conventional procedures, though the robot-assisted esophagectomy still does not spread. we have developed the new procedure, a non-transthoracic esophagectomy combining a video-assi ...201627440039
investigation of the adsorption-reduction mechanisms of hexavalent chromium by ramie biochars of different pyrolytic temperatures.to investigate the relationship between cr(vi) adsorption mechanisms and physio-chemical properties of biochar, ramie residues were oxygen-limited pyrolyzed under temperature varying from 300 to 600°c. batch adsorption experiments indicated that higher pyrolysis temperature limits cr(vi) sorption in terms of capacity and affinity due to a higher aromatic structure and fewer polar functional groups in biochar. both electrostatic (physical) and ionic (chemical) interactions were involved in the cr ...201627376834
transcriptome analysis of ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud.) in response to ramie moth (cocytodes coerulea guenée) infestation.the ramie moth cocytodes coerulea guenée (rm) is an economically important pest that seriously impairs the yield of ramie, an important natural fiber crop. the molecular mechanisms that underlie the ramie-pest interactions are unclear up to date. therefore, a transcriptome profiling analysis would aid in understanding the ramie defense mechanisms against rm. in this study, we first constructed two cdna libraries derived from rm-challenged (ch) and unchallenged (ck) ramie leaves. the subsequent s ...201627034936
[cd runoff load and soil profile movement after implementation of some typical contaminated agricultural soil remediation strategies].owing to the strong ability to immobilize and hyperaccumulate some toxic heavy metals in contaminated soils, the biochar, lime and such as hyperaccumulator ramie received increasing interests from crops and environment safety in recent years. outdoor pot experiment was conducted to compare the impacts of lime and biochar addition in paddy rice treatment, hyperaccumulator ramie and ramie combined with edta of plant phytoremediation methods on soil available cd dynamics in rainfall runoff and the ...201627363167
secretome analysis of pleurotus eryngii reveals enzymatic composition for ramie stalk degradation.pleurotus eryngii (p. eryngii) can secrete large amount of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes to degrade lignocellulosic biomass. in spite of several researches on the individual lignolytic enzymes, a direct deconstruction of lignocellulose by enzyme mixture is not yet possible. identifying more high-performance enzymes or enzyme complexes will lead to efficient in vitro lignocelluloses degradation. in this report, secretomic analysis was used to search for the new or interesting enzymes for ligno ...201626525014
a ramie bzip transcription factor bnbzip2 is involved in drought, salt, and heavy metal stress response.bzip transcription factors play key roles in plant growth, development, and stress signaling. a bzip gene bnbzip2 (genbank accession number: kp642148) was cloned from ramie. bnbzip2 has a 1416 base pair open reading frame, encoding a 471 amino acid protein containing a characteristic bzip domain and a leucine zipper. bnbzip2 shares high sequence similarity with bzip factors from other plants. the bnbzip2 protein is localized to both nuclei and cytoplasm. transcripts of bnbzip2 were found in vari ...201627845851
biochar pyrolyzed from mgal-layered double hydroxides pre-coated ramie biomass (boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud.): characterization and application for crystal violet removal.a novel biochar/mgal-layered double hydroxides composite (cb-ldh) was prepared for the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution by pyrolyzing mgal-ldh pre-coated ramie stem (boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud.). pyrolysis played dual role for both converting biomass into biochar and calcining mgal-ldh during the pyrolysis process. scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (eds), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps), fourier trans ...201627591848
isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq)-based comparative proteome analysis of the response of ramie under drought stress.in this study, we conducted the first isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq))-based comparative proteomic analysis of ramie plantlets after 0 (minor drought stress), 24 (moderate drought stress), and 72 h (severe drought stress) of treatment with 15% (w/v) poly (ethylene glycol)6000 (peg6000) to simulate drought stress. in our study, the association analysis of proteins and transcript expression revealed 1244 and 968 ass ...201627689998
[short-term outcomes of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer].to evaluate the feasibility, safety and short-term clinical outcomes of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (ramie).201627680066
attaining proficiency in robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy while maximizing safety during procedure development.robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (ramie) is an emerging complex operation with limited reports detailing morbidity, mortality, and requirements for attaining proficiency. our objective was to develop a standardized ramie technique, evaluate procedure safety, and assess outcomes using a dedicated operative team and 2-surgeon approach.201627662372
effects of different substrates on lignocellulosic enzyme expression, enzyme activity, substrate utilization and biological efficiency of pleurotus eryngii.pleurotus eryngii is one of the most valued and delicious mushrooms which are commercially cultivated on various agro-wastes. how different substrates affect lignocellulosic biomass degradation, lignocellulosic enzyme production and biological efficiency in pleurotus eryngii was unclear.201627607466
draft genome sequence of an industrially important bacillus sp. from mandarmani coastal waters in midnapur district, west bengal, india.reported here is the draft genome sequence of an amylase-, protease-, dnase-, oxidase-, gelatinase-, and catalase-producing, gram-positive diplobacillus (bacillus sp. sm1 strain mcc2138), which was isolated from marine coastal waters and has the ability to degum raw silk fabric as well as ramie fiber. the genome comprises 1.76 mb with a gc content of 34.5%.201627540077
[robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy. german version].esophagolymphadenectomy is the cornerstone of multimodality treatment for resectable esophageal cancer. the preferred surgical approach is transthoracic, with a two-field lymph node dissection and gastric conduit reconstruction. a minimally invasive approach has been shown to reduce postoperative complications and increase quality of life. robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (ramie) was developed to facilitate this complex thoracoscopic procedure. ramie has been shown to be safe with ...201627484825
recycling agriculture wastes of ramie stalk as bioadsorbents for cd(2+) removal: a kinetic and thermodynamic study.in this study, we exhibit the recycling of agriculture wastes of ramie stalk as bioadsorbents for cd(2+) removal. based on our experimental results, it is realized that cd(2+) adsorption to ramie stalk is highly ph sensitive, indicating the adsorption is driven by surface complexation reaction. the high adsorption capacity of ramie stalk toward cd(2+) (qm = 10.33 mg g(-1), 0.09 mol-cd g(-1)), which corresponds to around 21.95% of active adsorption sites available of ramie stalk, is believed to b ...201626819396
effects of exogenous calcium and spermidine on cadmium stress moderation and metal accumulation in boehmeria nivea (l.) gaudich.cadmium (cd) is a detrimental metal in the environment and it is easily taken up by plants, thus entering the food chain and posing a severe threat to human health. phytoremediation being low cost, highly stable, and environmentally friendly has been considered as a promising green technology for cd remediation. the addition of exogenous substances to the culture media has been recognized as an efficient strategy to improve plant phytoremediation capability. pot trials were conducted to investig ...201626801927
growth, photosynthesis, and defense mechanism of antimony (sb)-contaminated boehmeria nivea l.ramie (boehmeria nivea l.) is the oldest cash fiber crop in china and is widely grown in antimony (sb) mining areas. to evaluate the extent of sb resistance and tolerance, the growth, tolerance index (ti), sb content in plant parts and in hoagland solution, bioaccumulation factor (bf), photosynthesis, and physiological changes in sb-contaminated b. nivea (20, 40, 80, and 200 mg l(-1) sb) grown hydroponically were investigated. the sb tolerance and resistance of ramie were clearly revealed by gro ...201626711292
large-scale developing of simple sequence repeat markers and probing its correlation with ramie (boehmeria nivea l.) fiber quality.marker-assisted selection is an important component of the discipline of molecular breeding. using dna markers to assist in plant breeding, the efficiency and precision could be greatly increased. however, the scarcity number of identified dna markers has hindered the research and the breeding process of ramie (boehmeria nivea l.) in many aspects, especially fiber quality, one of the top-priority breeding objectives of ramie. in this study, 4230 ssr loci were identified in 3969 unigenes (6.80 % ...201626577947
biochemical and metabolic changes in arsenic contaminated boehmeria nivea l.arsenic (as) is identified by the epa as the third highest toxic inorganic contaminant. almost every 9th or 10th human in more than 70 countries including mainland china is affected by as. arsenic along with other toxins not only affects human life but also creates alarming situations such as the deterioration of farm lands and desertion of industrial/mining lands. researchers and administrators have agreed to opt for phytoremediation of as over costly cleanups. boehmeria nivea l. can soak up va ...201627022603
classification and identification of plant fibrous material with different species using near infrared technique-a new way to approach determining biomass properties accurately within different species.plant fibrous material is a good resource in textile and other industries. normally, several kinds of plant fibrous materials used in one process are needed to be identified and characterized in advance. it is easy to identify them when they are in raw condition. however, most of the materials are semi products which are ground, rotted or pre-hydrolyzed. to classify these samples which include different species with high accuracy is a big challenge. in this research, both qualitative and quantit ...201628105037
identification of small auxin-up rna (saur) genes in urticales plants: mulberry (morus notabilis), hemp (cannabis sativa) and ramie (boehmeria nivea).small auxin-up rna (saur) genes are important gene families in auxin signalling transduction and are commonly used as early auxin responsive markers. till date, no saur gene is identified in urticales plants despite of the published bioinformation of mulberry, hemp and ramie. in this study, we used arabidopsis sequences as query to search against mulberry, hemp genomes and ramie transcriptome database. in total, we obtained 62, 56 and 71 saur genes in mulberry, hemp and ramie, respectively. phyl ...201627019439
ramie leaf extracts suppresses adipogenic differentiation in 3t3-l1 cells and pig preadipocytes.the present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of different concentrations of extracts of hot air-dried ramie leaf (hr) and freeze-dried ramie leaf (fr) in 3t3-l1 cells and pig preadipocytes. to analyze the effect on cell proliferation, cells were treated with 25 μg/ml or 100 μg/ml hr or fr extract for 2 days. cell differentiation was evaluated by measuring glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lipoprotein lipase (lpl) activities and intracellular triglyceride content. tr ...201626954122
fiber from ramie plant (boehmeria nivea): a novel suture biomaterial.the quest for developing an ideal suture material prompted our interest to develop a novel suture with advantageous characters to market available ones. from natural origin only silk, cotton and linen fibers are presently available in market as non-absorbable suture biomaterials. in this study, we have developed a novel, cost-effective, and biocompatible suture biomaterial from ramie plant, boehmeria nivea fiber. field emission scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem), energy-dispersive x-ray spect ...201626952488
construction and co-expression of polycistronic plasmids encoding bio-degumming-related enzymes to improve the degumming process of ramie fibres.to research the inherent properties of the co-expression of three types degumming-related enzymes and breed more powerful degumming strains.201627627896
directed evolution and structural analysis of alkaline pectate lyase from the alkaliphilic bacterium bacillus sp. strain n16-5 to improve its thermostability for efficient ramie degumming.thermostable alkaline pectate lyases have potential applications in the textile industry as an alternative to chemical-based ramie degumming processes. in particular, the alkaline pectate lyase from bacillus sp. strain n16-5 (bsppela) has potential for enzymatic ramie degumming because of its high specific activity under extremely alkaline conditions without the requirement for additional ca(2+). however, bsppela displays poor thermostability and is inactive after incubation at 50°c for only 30 ...201526070675
improving the thermoactivity and thermostability of pectate lyase from bacillus pumilus for ramie degumming.thermostable alkaline pectate lyases can be potentially used for enzymatically degumming ramie in an environmentally sustainable manner and as an alternative to the currently used chemical-based ramie degumming processes. to assess its potential applications, pectate lyase from bacillus pumilus (atcc 7061) was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. evolutionary strategies were applied to generate efficient ramie degumming enzymes. obtained from site-saturation mutagenesis and random mutagenes ...201525287558
improvement of degummed ramie fiber properties upon treatment with cellulase secreting immobilized a. larrymoorei a1.degummed ramie fiber is widely used in the textile industry. cellulase enzyme can be effectively used for bio-polishing of the ramie fiber. we immobilized agrobacterium larrymoorei a1, a potent extra-cellular cellulase producing bacteria, in ca-alginate. the production of enzyme significantly increased with increasing alginate concentration and reached a maximum activity of 0.28 iu/ml at 20 g/l, which was 32% higher as compared to free cells. these immobilized cells were used on ramie fibers. sc ...201525194464
identification of ramie genes in response to pratylenchus coffeae infection challenge by digital gene expression analysis.root lesion disease, caused by pratylenchus coffeae, seriously impairs the growth and yield of ramie, an important natural fiber crop. the ramie defense mechanism against p. coffeae infection is poorly understood, which hinders efforts to improve resistance via breeding programs. in this study, the transcriptome of the resistant ramie cultivar qingdaye was characterized using illumina sequence technology. about 46.3 million clean pair end (pe) reads were generated and assembled into 40,826 unige ...201526378527
pretreatment by naoh swelling and then hcl regeneration to enhance the acid hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose.a simple pretreatment method, naoh swelling at a low temperature and then hcl regeneration, was developed for depolymerization of cellulose to glucose. cellulose was transformed into amorphous hydrogel during the treatment; and due to the easy diffusion of h(+) and cl(-) ions into the cellulose hydrogel network as well as the strong ability of cl(-) to disrupt the massive hydrogen bond, the hydrolysis rate was greatly enhanced. the method is effective for α-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, ...201526280097
efficient production of glucose by microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis of cellulose hydrogel.to improve the production of glucose from cellulose, a simple and effective route was developed. this process uses a combination of a step of cellulose dissolution in aqueous naoh/urea solution and then regeneration with water, followed by an acid hydrolysis step under microwave irradiation. the method is effective to obtain glucose from α-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, filter paper, ramie fiber and absorbent cotton. increased with the acid concentration the glucose yield from hydrogel h ...201526038330
oncologic long-term results of robot-assisted minimally invasive thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer.open transthoracic esophagectomy is the worldwide gold standard in the treatment of resectable esophageal cancer. robot-assisted minimally invasive thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy (ramie) for esophageal cancer may be associated with reduced blood loss, shorter intensive care unit (icu) stay, and less cardiopulmonary morbidity; however, long-term oncologic results have not been reported to date.201526023036
robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review.this paper describes the technique of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy. (ramie) also, a systematic literature search was performed. safety and feasibility of ramie was demonstrated in all reports. short term oncologic results show radical resection rates of 77-100% and 18-43 lymph nodes harvested. ramie offers great visualization of the mediastinum and enables meticulous dissection in the mediastinum from diaphragm to thoracic inlet.201526390285
functional application of noble metal nanoparticles in situ synthesized on ramie fibers.different functions were imparted to ramie fibers through treatment with noble metal nanoparticles including silver and gold nanoparticles. the in situ synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles was achieved by heating in the presence of ramie fibers in the corresponding solutions of precursors. the unique optical property of synthesized noble metal nanoparticles, i.e., localized surface plasmon resonance, endowed ramie fibers with bright colors. color strength (k/s) of fibers increased with hea ...201526383541
transcriptome profiling and identification of transcription factors in ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud) in response to peg treatment, using illumina paired-end sequencing technology.ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud), commonly known as china grass, is a perennial bast fiber plant of the urticaceae. in china, ramie farming, industry, and trade provide income for about five million people. drought stress severely affects ramie stem growth and causes a dramatic decrease in ramie fiber production. there is a need to enhance ramie's tolerance to drought stress. however, the drought stress regulatory mechanism in ramie remains unknown. water stress imposed by polyethylene glycol (pe ...201525658800
effects of selenium and silicon on enhancing antioxidative capacity in ramie (boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud.) under cadmium stress.hydroponic experiments were performed to investigate the ameliorating effects and mitigation mechanisms of selenium and silicon on cd toxicity in boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud. metal accumulation, chlorophyll content, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant contents in ramie were evaluated. the results revealed that cadmium was mainly accumulated in the roots of plants rather than in the aerial parts. additionally, under 5 mg l(-1) cd stress, both se (1 μmol l(-1)) and si (1 mmol l(-1)) t ...201525666476
diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with a sb accumulator plant, ramie (boehmeria nivea), in an active sb mining.arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) have great potential for assisting heavy metal hyperaccumulators in the remediation of contaminated soils. however, little information is available about the symbiosis of amf associated with an antimony (sb) accumulator plant under natural conditions. therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the colonization and molecular diversity of amf associated with the sb accumulator ramie (boehmeria nivea) growing in sb-contaminated soils. four sb mine s ...201525876600
molecular identity of ramie germplasms using simple sequence repeat markers.dna identity is highly effective and efficient for distinguishing crop varieties regardless of their phenotypic similarities. to establish dna identity in ramie, 21 simple sequence repeat primers were amplified in 108 accessions of domestic and exotic ramie germplasms. sixty polymorphic bands were obtained, with an average of 2.9 bands per locus and 2-8 band types per primer locus (average of 5.19 band types). the simpson's diversity index of the 21 simple sequence repeat loci ranged from 0.158 ...201525867376
start codon targeted (scot) polymorphism reveals genetic diversity in wild and domesticated populations of ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaudich.), a premium textile fiber producing species.twenty-four start codon targeted (scot) markers were used to assess genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous, introduced and domesticated ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaudich.). a total of 155 genotypes from five populations were investigated for scot polymorphism, which produced 136 amplicons with 87.5% polymorphism. polymorphism information content and resolving power of the scot markers were 0.69 and 3.22, respectively. the indian ramie populations exhibited high scot polymorphis ...201525750860
cloning of expansin genes in ramie (boehmeria nivea l.) based on universal fast walking.gene cloning is the first step to study the expression profiles and functions of a particular gene; considerable cloning methods have been developed. expansin, thought to involve in the cell-wall modification events, was not cloned in ramie (boehmeria nivea l.), which is one of the most important bast fiber crops with little conducted molecular research, especially on its fiber development. studying the expansin gene family will uncover its possible relationship with ramie fiber development and ...201525481635
expression profiling of cadmium response genes in ramie (boehmeria nivea l.) root.ramie (boehmeria nivea), a perennial herb belongs to urticaceae family, is a rapid growth and high biomass crop with highly tolerant and accumulative to heavy metals. however, the gene expression and regulation caused by cadmium (cd) in ramie has not been well studied. in the present study, a gene expression database of ramie root in the absence (control) or presence of 100 μm cd was established. solexa high-throughput sequencing technology showed that 3,654,395 and 3,572,333 tags have been obta ...201525724673
correction: transcriptome sequencing and profiling of expressed genes in phloem and xylem of ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud).[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110623.].201525679512
identification of a constans homologous gene with distinct diurnal expression patterns in varied photoperiods in ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud).ramie is an important natural fiber and forage crop in china. breeding of late- or non-flowering varieties, with higher vegetative yields, is an important goal in ramie improvement. however, the ramie genes involved in flowering regulation have not previously been identified. in model plants, such as rice and arabidopsis, the constans (co) and constans-like (col) genes play key roles in flowering regulation. in the present study, six ramie col genes (bncol1-bncol6) with a full-length open readin ...201525623329
genome-wide transcriptomic profiling of ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud) in response to cadmium stress.cadmium (cd) contamination in agricultural soils has become a major environmental problem in china. ramie, a fiber crop, has frequently been proposed for use as a phytoremediation crop for the restoration of cd-contaminated farmlands. however, high levels of cd can greatly inhibit stem growth in ramie, which reduces its economic value as a crop. to understand the potential mechanisms behind this phenomenon, the ramie genes involved in the cd stress response were identified using illumina pair-en ...201525550046
effect of exogenous nitric oxide on antioxidative system and s-nitrosylation in leaves of boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud under cadmium stress.cadmium (cd)-induced growth inhibition is one of the primary factors limiting phytoremediation effect of boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud in contaminated soil. sodium nitroprusside (snp), a donor of nitric oxide (no), has been evidenced to alleviate cd toxicity in many plants. however, as an important mechanism of no in orchestrating cellular functions, s-nitrosylation is still poorly understood in its relation with cd tolerance of plants. in this study, higher exogenous no levels were found to coincid ...201525242592
intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence imaging as an adjunct to robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy.during esophagectomy, identification and preservation of the right gastroepiploic vascular arcade are critical and may be challenging with minimally invasive approaches. we assessed the use of near-infrared fluorescence imaging fluorescence angiography (nifi-fa) during robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (ramie) as an aid to visualize the gastric vasculature with mobilization. after intravenous administration of 10 mg of indocyanine green, a robotic platform with near-infrared opti ...201525238427
variability of cadmium, lead, and zinc tolerance and accumulation among and between germplasms of the fiber crop boehmeria nivea with different root-types.crop germplasms substantially vary in their tolerance for and accumulation of heavy metals, and assessment of this variability plays a significant role in selecting species to use in phytoremediation projects. here, we examined germplasm-variations in cadmium (cd), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) tolerance and accumulation in ramie (boehmeria nivea), a fiber crop native to china, which has received little attention. in an 8-week greenhouse test, fourteen germplasms of ramie, among and within deep, midd ...201525948381
[determination of cotton content in cotton/ramie blended fabric by nir spectra and variable selection methods].rapid detection of textile fiber components is very important for production process of quality control, trading and market surveillance. the objective of this research was to assess cotton content in cotton/ramie blended fabric quickly by near infrared (nir) spectrum technology and variable selection methods. reflectance spectra of samples were acquired by a nirflex n-500 fourier spectroscopy in the range of 4000~10,000 cm(-1), primary election of spectral range and pretreatment analysis were c ...201425881419
fast adsorption of cd²⁺ and pb²⁺ by egta dianhydride (egtad) modified ramie fiber.in this study, the removal of cd(2+) and pb(2+) from aqueous solutions was investigated using a novel chelating material. the first part described the synthesis of ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid dianhydride (egtad), mercerization treatment of ramie fiber (mrf), and the mrf was then reacted with egtad to prepare the new material (erf). the obtained material was characterized by weight gain, sem, ftir, and elemental analysis. the results of ftir and elemental ana ...201425181330
[pretreatment of ramie and kenaf stalk for bioethanol production].ramie and kenaf were traditional fiber crops in china, but their stalk after decorticating has not been used effectively. the stalk contains a lot of cellulose, and can therefore be used for the production of bioethanol. we studied the effects of different chemical pretreatment on enzymatic digestibility of ramie stalk and kenaf stalk. ramie and kenaf stalks pretreated with alkali were chosen to produce ethanol using quasi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (q-ssf) process. the resul ...201425118401
boehmeria nivea attenuates the development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis.we examined the therapeutic effect of an ethanol extract derived from boehmeria nivea (linn.) gaudich in a mouse model of experimental colitis. treatment with 70% ethanol extract derived from b. nivea (ebn) at a dose of 100, 200, or 500 mg/(kg · d) improved colon shortening, body weight, the disease activity index (dai), and histopathological score of dss-induced colitis mice. dss significantly increased the levels of cyclooxygenase-(cox-) 2 in colon tissue relative to that of the untreated cont ...201425045208
a proteomics sample preparation method for mature, recalcitrant leaves of perennial plants.sample preparation is key to the success of proteomics studies. in the present study, two sample preparation methods were tested for their suitability on the mature, recalcitrant leaves of six representative perennial plants (grape, plum, pear, peach, orange, and ramie). an improved sample preparation method was obtained: tris and triton x-100 were added together instead of chaps to the lysis buffer, and a 20% tca-water solution and 100% precooled acetone were added after the protein extraction ...201425028960
transcriptome comparison reveals the patterns of selection in domesticated and wild ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud).ramie is an old fiber crop, cultivated for thousands of years in china. the cultivar ramie evolved from the wild species qingyezhuma (qyzm, boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima). however, the mechanism of domestication of this old fiber crop is poorly understood. in order to characterize the selective pattern in ramie domestication, orthologous genes between the transcriptomes of domesticated ramie variety zhongzhu 1 (zz1) and wild qyzm were assessed using bidirectional best-hit method and ratio of ...201424934879
comparative proteome analysis of the response of ramie under n, p and k deficiency.ramie is an important natural fiber. there has been little research on the molecular mechanisms of ramie related to the absorption, utilization and metabolism of nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p) and potassium (k). one approach to reveal the mechanisms of n, p and k (npk) utilization and metabolism in ramie is comparative proteome analysis. the differentially expressed proteins in the leaves of ramie were analyzed by proteome analysis after 6 days of n- and k-deficient treatments and 3 days of p-defi ...201424573224
agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and regeneration of transgenic plants using leaf midribs as explants in ramie [boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud].in this study, leaf midribs, the elite explants, were used for the first time to develop an efficient regeneration and transformation protocol for ramie [boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud.] via agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. sensitivity of leaf midribs regeneration to kanamycin was evaluated, which showed that 40 mg l(-1) was the optimal concentration needed to create the necessary selection pressure. factors affecting the ramie transformation efficiency were evaluated, including leaf ag ...201424488319
effects of concentrations of sodium chloride on photosynthesis, antioxidative enzymes, growth and fiber yield of hybrid ramie.ramie (boehmeria nivea l.) is one of the oldest and most important fiber crops in china due to the comfortable textile of its fine fiber. increased ramie fiber demand brings ramie cultivation to salt-affected regions. the aim of this research was to determine morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of ramie by subjecting plants to varying concentrations of nacl (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g nacl/kg dry soil) at vigorous growth stage for 10 and 20 days. results indicated that salinity stress ...201424486583
mirnas expression profile in bast of ramie elongation phase and cell wall thickening and end wall dissolving phase.micrornas (mirnas) are 20-24 nucleotide long non-coding rnas that play critical regulatory roles during plant development, organ morphogenesis, and cell fate determination and differentiation. in this study, mirna microarray chips were used to explore the expression profile of ramie mirnas between the bast of fiber elongation phase and those of cell wall thickening and end wall dissolving phase. there are 150 and 148 credible mirnas in the bast of fiber elongation phase and cell wall thickening ...201424385297
identification of 32 full-length nac transcription factors in ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud) and characterization of the expression pattern of these genes.nam, ataf, and cuc (nac) genes are plant-specific transcription factors (tfs) that play key roles in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. to date, none of the ramie nac (bnnac) genes had been identified, even though ramie is one of the most important natural fiber crops. in order to mine the bnnac tfs and identify their potential function, the search for bnnac genes against two pools of unigenes de novo assembled from the rna-seq in our two previous studies was performed, and a total ...201424691727
toward stronger transcrystalline layers in poly(l-lactic acid)/natural fiber biocomposites with the aid of an accelerator of chain mobility.formation of transcrystalline layer probably enhances the interfacial adhesion of poly(l-lactic acid) (plla)/natural fiber biocomposites as confirmed by this work. we found that a crystallization accelerator, poly(ethylene glycol) (peg), improved chain mobility of plla and thus enhanced the growth kinetics of ramie fiber-induced transcrystallinity (tc). the direct observation of polarized optical microscopy during isothermal crystallization revealed that large-sized tc with rapid growth was prod ...201424298881
transcriptome sequencing and profiling of expressed genes in phloem and xylem of ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud).ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud) is a highly versatile herbaceous plant which is widely cropped in southern china. the success of this herbaceous plant relies on wide use in modern industry. understanding the profiling of expressed genes in phloem and xylem of ramie is crucial for improving its industrial performance. herein, we uncover the transcriptome profile in phloem and xylem in present study. using illumina paired-end sequencing technology, 57 million high quality reads were generated. de ...201425354139
transcriptome profiling using pyrosequencing shows genes associated with bast fiber development in ramie (boehmeria nivea l.).ramie (boehmeria nivea l.), popularly known as "china grass", is one of the oldest crops in china and the second most important fiber crop in terms of area sown. ramie fiber, extracted from the plant bast, is important in the textile industry. however, the molecular mechanism of ramie fiber development remains unknown.201425339420
phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities in six species of ramie leaves.increased consumption of vegetables or plant food has been associated with decreased risk of developing major chronic diseases, such as cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and age-related functional decline. ramie leaves are rich in phenolics and flavonoids, which have been suggested for human health benefits. phenolic contents, flavonoid contents, phenolic compounds, and anti-cancer properties in six species of ramie leaves were analyzed by folin-reagent method, sodium borohydride/chlor ...201425243741
transcript profiling reveals auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways and transcription regulation during in vitro organogenesis of ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud).in vitro organogenesis, one of the most common pathways leading to in vitro plant regeneration, is widely used in biotechnology and the fundamental study of plant biology. although previous studies have constructed a complex regulatory network model for arabidopsis in vitro organogenesis, no related study has been reported in ramie. to generate more complete observations of transcriptome content and dynamics during ramie in vitro organogenesis, we constructed a reference transcriptome library an ...201425415356
cryphodera sinensis n. sp. (nematoda: heteroderidae), a non-cyst-forming parasitic nematode from the root of ramie boehmeria nivea in china.cryphodera sinensis n. sp. is described from ramie (boehmeria nivea) based on the morphology and molecular analyses of rrna small subunit (ssu), d2d3 expansion domains of large subunit (lsu d2d3) and internal transcribed spacer (its). this new species is characterized by oval females with a distinct subcrystalline layer and pronounced and protruding vulval lip, distinctly concave vulva-anus profile and a vulva-anus distance of 29.5-35.8 μm. males possess two annuli in the lip region, a stylet 27 ...201423782683
structural basis for unique hierarchical cylindrites induced by ultrahigh shear gradient in single natural fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) green composites.a local shear flow field was feasibly generated by pulling the ramie fiber in single fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) (pla) composites. this was featured by an ultrahigh shear gradient with a maximum shear rate up to 1500 s(-1), a level comparable to that frequently occurring during the practical polymer processing. to distinguish shear-induced self-nucleation and ramie fiber-induced heterogeneous nucleation, the shear history was classified by pulling the fiber for 5 s (pulled sample) and pul ...201424650138
robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy: the ivor lewis approach.robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (ramie) is emerging as a potential alternative approach to standard minimally invasive esophagectomy (mie). however, early reports vary widely in operative approach, method, and reporting of outcomes, including operative complications. a formal, prospective academic program to evaluate ramie was initiated at the authors' institution, with the primary goal of maximizing patient safety during the introduction of new technology into the operating ro ...201424780426
evaluation of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulation in plants from typical industrial sites: potential candidate in phytoremediation for co-contamination.the heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) contents were evaluated in surface soil and plant samples of 18 wild species collected from 3 typical industrial sites in south central china. the accumulative characteristics of the plant species for both heavy metal and pahs were discussed. the simultaneous accumulation of heavy metal and pahs in plant and soil was observed at all the investigated sites, although disparities in spatial distributions among sites occurred. both plant an ...201424946706
enhanced efficiency of cadmium removal by boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud. in the presence of exogenous citric and oxalic acids.boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud. is a potential candidate for the remediation of cd contaminated sites. the present investigation aims to explore cd tolerance threshold and to quickly identify the role of exogenous organic acids in cd uptake and abiotic metal stress damage. elevated cd levels (0-10mg/l) resulted in an obvious rise in cd accumulation, ranging from 268.0 to 374.4 in root and 25.2 to 41.2mg/kg dry weight in shoot, respectively. citric acid at 1.5 mmol/l significantly facilitated cd uptak ...201425499499
development of a core collection for ramie by heuristic search based on ssr markers.there are more than 2000 ramie germplasms in the national ramie germplasm nursery affiliated with the institute of bast fiber crops, chinese academy of agricultural science, china. as it is difficult to perform effective conservation, management, evaluation, and utilization of redundant genetic resources, it is necessary to construct a core collection by using molecular markers. in this study, a core collection of ramie consisting of 22 germplasms was constructed from 108 accessions by heuristic ...201426019563
cloning, expression and characterization of a pectate lyase from paenibacillus sp. 0602 in recombinant escherichia coli.biotechnological applications of microbial pectate lyases (pels) in plant fiber processing are considered as environmentally friendly. as such, they become promising substitutes for conventional chemical degumming process. since applications of pels in various fields are widening, it is necessary to explore new pectolytic microorganisms and enzymes for efficient and effective usage. here, we describe the cloning, expression, characterization and application of the recombinant pel protein from a ...201424612647
enhancing production of alkaline polygalacturonate lyase from bacillus subtilis by fed-batch fermentation.alkaline polygalacturonate lyase (pgl, ec 4.2.2.2) is an enzyme used in many industries. we developed a fed-batch fermentation process that combines the enzymatic pretreatment of the carbon source with controlling the ph of the fermentative broth to enhance the pgl production from bacillus subtilis 7-3-3 to decrease the production cost. maintaining the fermentation broth at ph 6.5 prior to feeding with ammonia and at ph 6.0 after feeding significantly improved pgl activity (743.5 u ml-1) compare ...201424603713
high-resolution bacterial growth inhibition profiling combined with hplc-hrms-spe-nmr for identification of antibacterial constituents in chinese plants used to treat snakebites.bacterial infection is one of the main secondary infections caused by snakebite. the 88 plant species investigated in this study have been used as folk remedies for treatment of snakebite, and it is therefore the aim of this study to investigate whether the plants contain compounds with bacterial growth inhibition.201425043779
genome-wide transcriptional changes of ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud) in response to root-lesion nematode infection.ramie fiber extracted from stem bark is one of the most important natural fibers. the root-lesion nematode (rln) pratylenchus coffeae is a major ramie pest and causes large fiber yield losses in china annually. the response mechanism of ramie to rln infection is poorly understood. in this study, we identified genes that are potentially involved in the rln-resistance in ramie using illumina pair-end sequencing in two rln-infected plants (inf1 and inf2) and two control plants (co1 and co2). approx ...201425218245
anti-hepatitis b virus activity of boehmeria nivea leaf extracts in human hepg2.2.15 cells.boehmeria nivea (linn.) gaudich of the urticaceae family is a perennial ratoon herbal plant, the root of which is used in traditional chinese medicine and possesses a variety of pharmacological properties. the 20% ethanol boehmeria nivea root extract was shown to exert an anti-hepatitis b virus (hbv) effect in vitro and in vivo; however, whether the boehmeria nivea leaf (bnl) extract possesses similar properties has not been determined. in this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-hbv effects ...201424649087
characteristics of polygalacturonate lyase c from bacillus subtilis 7-3-3 and its synergistic action with pela in enzymatic degumming.an alkaline polygalacturonate lyase (pgl) from bacillus subtilis 7-3-3, pelc, with diverse depolymerization abilities for different pectin substrates was found. the pgl activity of pelc decreased with increasing degree of methyl esterification of the substrate. pela and pelc displayed notable synergistic effects in the enzymatic degumming of ramie fibers. gum loss rates increased by 62% when pelc was used to replace up to three-eighths of the pela dose (pelc, 60 u g(-1) ramie fibers). to the bes ...201324236123
the alkaline pectate lyase pel168 of bacillus subtilis heterologously expressed in pichia pastoris is more stable and efficient for degumming ramie fiber.the conventional degumming process of ramie with alkaline treatment at high temperature causes severe environmental pollution. pectate lyases can be used to remove pectin from ramie in a degumming process with reduced environmental pollution and energy consumption. pectate lyase pel168 from bacillus subtilis has been previously characterized and the protein structure was resolved. however, bacillus is not a suitable host for pectate lyases during the degumming process since most bacillus produce ...201323510095
degumming of ramie fiber and the production of reducing sugars from waste peels using nanoparticle supplemented pectate lyase.banana, citrus and potato peels were subjected to treatment with hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (np) supplemented purified pectate lyase (np-pl), isolated from bacillus megaterium ak2 to produce reducing sugar (rs). at both 50 and 90°c production of rs by np-pl was almost twofold greater than that by untreated pectate lyase (pl) from each of the three peels. the optimal production of rs from banana and citrus peels were after 24 and 6h of incubation while it was 24 and 4h for potato peels at 50 and ...201323587821
removal of copper from acid wastewater of bioleaching by adsorption onto ramie residue and uptake by trichoderma viride.a continuous batch bioleaching was built to realize the bioleaching of sewage sludge in large scale. in the treatment, heavy metal in acid wastewater of bioleaching was removed by adsorption onto ramie residue. then, acid wastewater was reused in next bioleaching batch. in this way, most time and water of bioleaching was saved and leaching efficiency of copper, lead and chromium kept at a high level in continuous batch bioleaching. it was found that residual heavy metal in sewage sludge is highl ...201323567687
boehmeria nivea attenuates lps-induced inflammatory markers by inhibiting p38 and jnk phosphorylations in raw264.7 macrophages.boehmeria nivea (linn.) gaudich (urticaceae), a natural herb, has a long history of treating several diseases including wound healing. however, the anti-inflammatory effect of b. nivea has not been investigated.201323750815
boehmeria nivea stimulates glucose uptake by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in c2c12 cells and improves glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet.we examined the antidiabetic property of boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud. ethanolic extract of boehmeria nivea (l.) gaud. (ebn) increased the uptake of 2-[n-(nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose in c2c12 myotubes. to examine the mechanisms underlying ebn-mediated increase in glucose uptake, we examined the transcriptional activity and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppar- γ ), a pivotal target for glucose metabolism in c2c12 myotubes. we found that t ...201323690860
construction of flame retardant nanocoating on ramie fabric via layer-by-layer assembly of carbon nanotube and ammonium polyphosphate.a new flame retardant nanocoating has been constructed by the alternate adsorption of polyelectrolyte amino-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (mwnt-nh2) and ammonium polyphosphate (app) onto flexible and porous ramie fabric. scanning electron microscopy indicates that the adsorbed carbon nanotube coating is a randomly oriented and overlapped network structure, which is a promising candidate for flame retardancy applications. attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectrosc ...201323459988
de novo assembly and characterization of transcriptome using illumina paired-end sequencing and identification of cesa gene in ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud).ramie fiber, extracted from vegetative organ stem bast, is one of the most important natural fibers. understanding the molecular mechanisms of the vegetative growth of the ramie and the formation and development of bast fiber is essential for improving the yield and quality of the ramie fiber. however, only 418 expressed tag sequences (ests) of ramie deposited in public databases are far from sufficient to understand the molecular mechanisms. thus, high-throughput transcriptome sequencing is ess ...201323442184
combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy using a four-arm platform: experience, technique and cautions during early procedure development.this study reports an early, single-institution experience of combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (ramie) using a four-arm robotic platform, with special attention given to the pitfalls and complications during procedure development.201323371971
nitrogen removal of ramie stalk treated by acid wastewater combined with clostridium thermocellum and the kinetic study of pyrolysis.a pretreatment was developed to remove nitrogen from ramie residue and cotton stalk to eliminate potential nitrogen pollutants in biomass energy production. in the pretreatment, straw was treated with acid wastewater from bioleaching for 3 h followed by clostridium thermocellum incubation for 2 h. most nitrogen was removed from biomass waste and the major was that in protein. pyrolysis process revealed most hemicellulose was removed and the kinetics fitted the first-order equation well. apparent ...201323220819
an effective degumming enzyme from bacillus sp. y1 and synergistic action of hydrogen peroxide and protease on enzymatic degumming of ramie fibers.enzymatic degumming, as an alternative to chemical processing, has attracted wide attention. however, to date, little information about other enzyme components with effective degumming except pectinase has been reported, and there is no report about the effect of bleaching agent (h2o2) on enzymatic degumming and combining enzymatic degumming and h2o2 bleaching process. in this study, we found that the crude enzyme of wild-type bacillus sp. y1 had a powerful and fast degumming ability. its pgl ac ...201323586022
development and characterization of 1,827 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat markers for ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud).ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud) is one of the most important natural fiber crops, and improvement of fiber yield and quality is the main goal in efforts to breed superior cultivars. however, efforts aimed at enhancing the understanding of ramie genetics and developing more effective breeding strategies have been hampered by the shortage of simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. in our previous study, we had assembled de novo 43,990 expressed sequence tags (ests). in the present study, we searched ...201323565230
reinforcement of denture base resin with short vegetable fiber.short ramie fibers were selected to investigate the effect of fiber length and volume fraction on the flexural properties of ramie fiber reinforced denture base pmma. with the aid of measured interfacial shear strength and theoretical prediction values, experimental results were well interpreted.201324144826
preparation of activated carbon hollow fibers from ramie at low temperature for electric double-layer capacitor applications.activated carbon hollow fibers (achfs) with high surface area were prepared from inexpensive, renewable ramie fibers (rfs) by a single-step activation method under lower temperature than that of other reports. the effects of activation conditions on the pore structure and turbostratic structure of achfs were investigated systematically. the results show that achfs surface area decreased but micropore volume and conductivity increased as the increase of activation temperature and activation time. ...201324084201
identification of drought stress-responsive transcription factors in ramie (boehmeria nivea l. gaud).ramie fiber extracted from stem bark is one of the most important natural fibers. drought is a main environment stress which severely inhibits the stem growth of ramie and leads to a decrease of the fiber yield. the drought stress-regulatory mechanism of ramie is poorly understood.201324020723
polymorphism of cellulose i family: reinvestigation of cellulose ivi.polymorphs of cellulose i, iii(i), and iv(i) have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, ft-ir, and solid-state (13)c nmr spectroscopy. highly crystalline cellulose iii(i) samples were prepared by treating cellulose samples in supercritical ammonia at 140 degrees c for 1 h, and conventional cellulose iii(i) samples were prepared by liquid ammonia treatment. the cellulose iv(i) sample of highest crystallinity was that prepared from cladophora cellulose iii(i) in supercritical ammonia, followed b ...201315244455
periodic disorder along ramie cellulose microfibrils.small angle neutron scattering studies have been carried out on cellulose fibers from ramie and populus maximowicii (cotton wood). labile hydrogen atoms were replaced by deuterium atoms, in water-accessible disordered regions of the fibers, to increase the neutron scattering contrast between the disordered and crystalline regions. a meridional bragg reflection, corresponding to a longitudinal periodicity of 150 nm, was observed when scattering collected from hydrogenated and deuterated dry ramie ...201312857086
a method for determining reactive hydroxyl groups in natural fibers: application to ramie fiber and its modification.the hydrophilic features of natural fibers (nfs) hinder the widespread application of natural fiber/polymer composites due to the hydroxyl groups (-oh) presented in the cellulose molecule. detecting reactive hydroxyl groups in nfs is very important for optimizing the modification process of natural fibers. this paper proposes a simple and practical methodology to measure reactive hydroxyl groups in nfs using a isocyanate group, a method we term the isocyanate group back titration (ibt) method. a ...201222099251
robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy is equivalent to thoracoscopic minimally invasive esophagectomy.the use of the surgical robot has been increasing in thoracic surgery. its three-dimensional view and instruments with surgical wrists may provide advantages over traditional thoracoscopic techniques. our initial experience with thoracoscopic robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (ramie) for esophageal cancer was compared with our traditional thoracoscopic minimally invasive esophagectomy (mie) approach for esophageal cancer. a retrospective review of a prospective database was perform ...201221899652
easy alignment and effective nucleation activity of ramie fibers in injection-molded poly(lactic acid) biocomposites.the poly(lactic acid) (pla)/ramie fiber biocomposites were fabricated, which exhibited considerable reinforcement effect comparable to the glass fiber at the same loading. the attempts were made to understand the flow-induced morphology of ramie fibers and pla crystals in the injection-molded pla/ramie fiber biocomposites, thus revealing its relationship to biocomposite mechanical properties. the polarized optical microscopy (pom) and two-dimensional wide-angle x-ray diffraction (2d-waxd) were f ...201222806502
polyester-grafted cellulose nanowhiskers: a new approach for tuning the microstructure of immiscible polyester blends.cellulose nanowhiskers (cnw), extracted from ramie fibers by sulfuric acid hydrolysis, were used as substrates to compatibilize binary polyester blends containing 50/50 (w/w) polycaprolactone (pcl) and polylactide (pla). to tailor their interfacial energy and fine-tune their adhesion with the components of the blend, cnw were subjected to different surface polyester grafting by the means of ring-opening polymerization. pcl and pla homopolyesters as well as p(cl-b-la) diblock copolymers were succ ...201222738142
pickering emulsions stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals grafted with thermo-responsive polymer brushes.cellulose nanocrystals (cncs) from ramie fibers are studied as stabilizers of oil-in-water emulsions. the phase behavior of heptane and water systems is studied, and emulsions stabilized by cncs are analyzed by using drop sizing (light scattering) and optical, scanning, and freeze-fracture electron microscopies. water-continuous pickering emulsions are produced with cellulose nanocrystals (0.05-0.5 wt%) grafted with thermo-responsive poly(nipam) brushes (poly(nipam)-g-cncs). they are observed to ...201222204973
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