Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a new primer pair for detection of chlamydia pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction. | in order to improve the detection and identification of chlamydia pneumoniae, new primers for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were designed based on the dna base sequence within the 53-kda protein gene, which is specific for c. pneumoniae. the primers permitted the identification of 24 c. pneumoniae strains collected from different geographical locations, but no reaction was observed with c. trachomatis, c. psittaci nor c. pecorum. the primers were unable to amplify the dna of bacteria commonly ... | 1996 | 8871525 |
| prospective study of epidemiology and prognostic factors in community-acquired pneumonia. | of 342 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, 100 were diagnosed etiologically. in these patients, disease epidemiology, prognostic factors, and influence of antibiotic treatment were analyzed prospectively. fifty-two patients were treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic (ceftriaxone), and 48 received a medium-spectrum antibiotic (cefuroxime); some patients in each group also received erythromycin. streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated microorganism (43%), followed by c ... | 1996 | 8874072 |
| presence of chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar in bronchial secretions collected from hiv-positive and negative patients: preliminary data. | 1996 | 8874642 | |
| growth of chlamydia pneumoniae in cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induction of a cytokine response. | in vitro infection of freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hpbmc) with chlamydia pneumoniae was found to induce a production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), interleukin-6 (il-6) and interferon alpha (ifn-alpha). the secretion was dependent on the amount of infecting chlamydiae and most of it occurred during the first 12 to 24 h. lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota rechemotype, used as a positive control for hpbmc act ... | 1996 | 8878018 |
| effect of hydrocortisone succinate on growth of chlamydia pneumoniae in vitro. | we examined the effect of hydrocortisone succinate on the growth of three isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae in vitro. there was a significant increase in the number of inclusions seen in two of the c. pneumoniae strains in the presence of hydrocortisone. there was no significant increase in the number of inclusions with various concentrations of hydrocortisone over time. the addition of hydrocortisone did not affect the in vitro activities of azithromycin, erythromycin, and doxycycline against c. ... | 1996 | 8880483 |
| azithromycin. a review of its pharmacological properties and use as 3-day therapy in respiratory tract infections. | the azalide antibacterial agent azithromycin is a semisynthetic acid-stable erythromycin derivative with an expanded spectrum of activity and improved tissue pharmacokinetic characteristics relative to erythromycin. the drug is noted for its activity against some gram-negative organisms associated with respiratory tract infections, particularly haemophilus influenzae. azithromycin has similar activity to other macrolides against streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis, and is active a ... | 1996 | 8882383 |
| continuous isolation and characterization of chlamydia pneumoniae from a patient with diffuse panbronchiolitis. | we succeeded in isolating chlamydia pneumoniae organisms continuously from a 70-year-old man who had received chemotherapeutic treatment with low dosages of erythromycin for five years to improve diffuse panbronchiolitis (dpb). he had two episodes of acute exacerbation of dpb and a total of six strains of c. pneumoniae were isolated at different stages during the past 13 months. the morphological properties and protein profiles of the elementary bodies of all the c. pneumoniae isolates were simi ... | 1996 | 8887348 |
| viral and atypical pneumonias. | acute respiratory infections are the most common illnesses in the pediatric age group. although pneumonia accounts for only 10% to 15% of all respiratory infections, it causes significant morbidity and mortality among children. even in the age of multigenerational antibiotics and ever-emerging antiviral agents the recognition, differentiation, and treatment of pneumonia in the pediatric age group continues to be a challenge. the focus of this article is limited to viral and atypical pneumonias. ... | 1996 | 8890147 |
| growth of chlamydia pneumoniae induces cytokine production and expression of cd14 in a human monocytic cell line. | chlamydia pneumoniae was able to survive and to multiply in the human monocytic cell line mono mac 6. growth of c. pneumoniae induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, and interleukin 6, as well as up-regulation of the cd14 molecule in a time-dependent manner. infection of monocytic cells and a proinflammatory cytokine response may be important in c. pneumoniae pathogenesis. | 1996 | 8890256 |
| [assay of specific anti-chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies by elisa method. 1. evaluation of elisa kit using outer membrane complex]. | studies were conducted with the goal of developing a kit for assaying anti-chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in human serum which would enable judging positive cases with high specificity by means of an objective numerical index. thus, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method employing a c. pneumoniae outer membrane complex protein was established. elementary bodies (eb) were purified from the yk-41 strain of c. pneumoniae, and subsequent treatment with sarkosyl, dnase and rnase yielded ... | 1996 | 8890550 |
| [assay of specific anti-chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies by elisa method. 2. studies on clinical usefulness and serological diagnostic standards]. | we measured anti-chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) specific antibody titers by means of a newly-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method using an anti-c. pneumoniae specific antibody detection reagent. the clinical usefulness of this method was hereby evaluated. the igg, iga and igm titers in 418 serum specimens obtained from patients with respiratory tract infections were measured by this new elisa method, and the results were compared with the titers determined for the sam ... | 1996 | 8890551 |
| detection of chlamydia pneumoniae but not helicobacter pylori in atherosclerotic plaques of aortic aneurysms. | recent reports suggest an association between chlamydia pneumoniae and helicobacter pylori bacteria and atherosclerosis. we studied 51 patients (mean age, 68.3 years) who underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. for each patient we performed a microimmunofluorescence test for immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm antibodies to c. pneumoniae specific antigen (tw-183). anti-h. pylori antibodies were determined by means of an eia-g test. each aortic aneurysm surgical specimen was sampled into mu ... | 1996 | 8897180 |
| emerging pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia: a two-year prospective study. | 1995 | 8904127 | |
| chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia: role of new macrolides. | 1995 | 8904128 | |
| treatment of acute bronchitis in adults without underlying lung disease. | to determine whether antibiotic and bronchodilator treatment of acute bronchitis in patients without lung disease is efficacious. | 1996 | 8905509 |
| community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: a multivariate analysis of risk and prognostic factors. | to assess the risk and prognostic factors of community-acquired pneumonia occurring in the elderly (over age 65 yr) requiring hospitalization, two studies, case-control and cohort, were performed over an 8-mo period in a 1,000-bed university teaching hospital. we studied 101 patients with pneumonia (cases), age 78.5 +/- 7.9 yr (mean +/- sd). each case was matched for sex, age (+/- 5 yr), and date of admission (+/- 2 d) with a control subject, without pneumonia during the preceding 3 yr, arriving ... | 1996 | 8912763 |
| community-acquired pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a spanish multicenter study. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is an infectious illness that frequently motivates hospital admission when comorbid conditions are present. however, the epidemiology of cap in relation to the underlying disease of the patients is not well known. we performed a prospective multicenter study with the aim of assessing the clinical characteristics, etiology, and outcome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients with cap. between october 1992 and december 1994 we studied 124 copd pa ... | 1996 | 8912764 |
| in vitro activities of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and other antibiotics against chlamydia pneumoniae. | the in vitro susceptibilities of chlamydia pneumoniae isolates to macrolide, tetracycline, and quinolone antibiotics were determined. tetracycline, clarithromycin, and erythromycin had the lowest mics in the first cell culture passage. azithromycin required the lowest concentration for complete inhibition of inclusion formation on the second pass into antibiotic-free medium, likely reflecting its high intracellular concentrations. | 1996 | 8913488 |
| limits of the microimmunofluorescence test and advantages of immunoblotting in the diagnosis of chlamydiosis. | the western blot (immunoblot) patterns of 56 serum specimens, all examined previously by the microimmunofluorescence (mif) test for species-specific chlamydia antibodies, were analyzed. predominant specific-antibody activity was directed to the 170-, 155-, 145-, 120-, 115-, 100-, 57-, and 38-kda proteins of chlamydia trachomatis and to the 175-, 130-, 110-, 98-, and 30-kda proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae. all of these antigens appeared to be species specific. the reactivity with 90-, 80-, 75-, ... | 1996 | 8914762 |
| [direct immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of twar infection]. | 1995 | 8924555 | |
| chlamydia pneumoniae seroprevalence among hiv-1-infected and uninfected people with known hiv risk factor. | to evaluate the prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in an italian population of hiv-infected and uninfected individuals in relation to the presence of hiv risk factors. | 1996 | 8931790 |
| expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells stimulated by chlamydia pneumoniae. | previous studies have shown that c. pneumoniae is able to infect human endothelial cells in vitro. in this report, the ability of c. pneumoniae to induce the expression of e-selectin or endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (elam-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (vcam-1) on human umbilical vein endothelial (huve) cell surface was investigated. c. pneumoniae was found to cause a moderate upregulation of the adhesion molecules. maximal expres ... | 1996 | 8938646 |
| infectious agents and atherosclerotic vascular disease. | the pathological changes underlying occlusive vascular disease show considerable overlap with those caused by a range of infections. particular viral and bacterial pathogens have long been suspected of playing a part, directly or indirectly, in the process leading to atherosclerosis. we review recent evidence of links between infections and ischaemic heart disease, particularly in the case of chlamydia pneumoniae infection. possible mechanisms for these associations are discussed. | 1996 | 8944228 |
| the npcr detection of chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia trachomatis in children hospitalized for bronchiolitis. | nasopharyngeal aspirates from children admitted with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis, were screened for chlamydia pneumoniae, and c. trachomatis. the nested pcr was found to be more sensitive that amplified the dna extracts of up to two elementary bodies of the test strains. using this technique, c. pneumoniae was detected in two (1.3%), and c. trachomatis in 26 17.1%) of the 152 samples tested. this study indicated c. pneumoniae infections to be unusual in children with bronchiolitis. | 1996 | 8945706 |
| serological response to chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with sarcoidosis. | the antigen-specific serological response to chlamydia pneumoniae was studied in 24 patients with sarcoidosis and compared to that seen in acute c. pneumoniae respiratory infection. by the micro-immunofluorescence test, five sarcoidosis patients had acute antibody, 15 had chronic antibody and four had no antibody against c. pneumoniae. by enzyme immunoassay, 20 sarcoidosis patients had antibody against relps but that cross-reacts with chlamydial lps. immunoblot analysis of sera using purified c. ... | 1996 | 8945710 |
| ambulatory patients with community-acquired pneumonia: the frequency of atypical agents and clinical course. | to determine the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in patients treated in an ambulatory setting, using serological methods, and to compare presenting symptoms, radiographic manifestations, and clinical outcomes of patients with pneumonia of "atypical" and undetermined etiology. | 1996 | 8948274 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae--reactive arthritis and persistent infection. | 1996 | 8948316 | |
| serological study of responses to selected pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in the institutionalized elderly. | in a prospective 2-year study, serological responses to selected pathogens were analyzed in 224 episodes of fever attributable to respiratory tract infection (51.8%) or of unknown source (48.2%) in 131 residents of two long-term-care facilities. a serological response was identified in 45 episodes (20.1%): chlamydia pneumoniae (14 episodes), haemophilus influenzae type b (1), influenza virus type a (14), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv;2), parainfluenza virus type 3 (7), c. pneumoniae and h. in ... | 1996 | 8953065 |
| immunohistochemical detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in abdominal aortic aneurysms. | 1996 | 8958999 | |
| [new pneumonia pathogens, especially chlamydia pneumoniae and hantaviruses]. | 1996 | 8964681 | |
| severe community-acquired pneumonia: a possible role for chlamydia pneumoniae. | between july 1992 and june 1993, 61 patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia were admitted to our semi-intensive care unit. for all patients chest x-ray, blood gas analysis while breathing room air, gram stain and culture of bronchoaspirate, determination of acute and convalescent anti-body titers for legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae, blood culture when body temperature was greater than 38 degrees c, and pharyngeal swab for c. pneumoniae detection b ... | 1996 | 8966367 |
| isolation of chlamydia pneumoniae from the coronary artery of a patient with coronary atherosclerosis. the chlamydia pneumoniae/atherosclerosis study group. | atherosclerosis is pathologically similar to a chronic inflammatory response. recent reports have suggested that chlamydia pneumoniae may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. | 1996 | 8967709 |
| rabbit model for chlamydia pneumoniae infection. | a rabbit model was established for chlamydia pneumoniae infection that may be helpful to understand the pathogenesis of disease in humans. twelve, pathogen-free, 1-month-old new zealand white rabbits were inoculated with 1.0 x 10(7) to 5.0 x 10(7) cfu of purified c. pneumoniae (atcc strain vr 1310) via the nasopharynx (1 rabbit died immediately postinoculation, and 11 were available for study). five controls were inoculated with the carrier buffer. ten of the 11 study rabbits demonstrated serolo ... | 1997 | 8968879 |
| chlamydiae as pathogens: new species and new issues. | the recognition of genital chlamydial infection as an important public health problem was made first by the recognition of its role in acute clinical syndromes, as well as in serious reproductive and ocular complications, and secondly by our awareness of its prevalence when diagnostic tests became widely accessible. the recent availability of effective single dose oral antimicrobial therapy and sensitive molecular amplification tests that allow the use of noninvasive specimens for diagnosis and ... | 1996 | 8969247 |
| association of chlamydial infection with cerebrovascular disease. | recent studies suggest an association of coronary heart disease and carotid atherosclerosis with chlamydia pneumoniae infection. we investigated the frequency of chlamydial seropositivity and specific circulating immune complexes in patients with recent cerebrovascular disease. | 1996 | 8969782 |
| association of chlamydia pneumoniae iga antibodies with recently symptomatic asthma. | to determine whether recently diagnosed adult-onset asthma is associated with serologic evidence of chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection, we performed a case-control study in a primary care clinic of cases with asthma (25 adults reporting first symptoms of asthma within 2 years of enrollment) and 45 concurrently enrolled sex and age (+/- 10 years) matched non-asthmatic controls with normal pulmonary function. c. pneumoniae-specific iga, igg and igg4 antibodies, and circulating immune complexes ... | 1996 | 8972677 |
| [epidemiology of acute bronchopulmonary infections in children]. | in infants and young children acute lower respiratory infection is the most common cause of morbidity and death especially in developing countries. factors that contribute to the increased susceptibility to respiratory pathogens include young age, season, sex, indoor pollution, large family size, malnutrition, low immunocompetence, socioeconomic disadvantage. the epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in childhood seems similar worldwide. in all countries, respiratory syncytial virus, para ... | 1996 | 8978159 |
| [pulmonary chlamydia infections in children]. | in the last decades chlamydial infection of the respiratory tract have been described in children. chlamydia trachomatis, the most common identifiable cause of neonatal infections conjunctivitis is also a recognised cause of pneumonia in newborns and is responsible for about one third of sexually transmitted disease. chlamydia psittaci is mainly pathogenic for birds and occasionally for human. more recently chlamydia pneumoniae has been found associated with pulmonary abnormalities, nasopharynx ... | 1996 | 8978164 |
| in vitro activity of bay 12-8039, a new fluoroquinolone. | the in vitro activity of bay 12-8039, a new fluoroquinolone, was studied in comparison with those of ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin (cp 99,219), cefpodoxime, and amoxicillin-clavulanate against gram-negative, gram-positive, and anaerobic bacteria. its activity against mycobacteria and chlamydia was also investigated. bay 12-8039 was active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mic at which 90% of strains tested were inhibited [mic90s] < or = 1 microgram/ml, except for serratia spp. mic ... | 1997 | 8980763 |
| seroepidemiology of feline chlamydiosis by microimmunofluorescence assay with multiple strains as antigens. | the prevalence of anti-chlamydia antibodies was examined in 232 cat sera collected in 1985 and from 1993 to 1995 from laboratories and veterinary hospitals located in 11 prefectures of japan. the antibodies were determined by an indirect microimmunofluorescence test using six strains of feline chlamydia: one strain each of avian- and guinea pig-derived c. psittaci and one strain each of c.pecorum, c.pneumoniae and c.trachomatis. positive rates of igg antibodies to chlamydiae were 34.4% in 1985 a ... | 1996 | 8981349 |
| community-acquired chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia. | 1996 | 8984717 | |
| [double infection of chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae in children]. | there have been fewer reports on chlamydia pneumoniae infection during childhood than those in adults, although many of the c. pneumoniae infections occurred during childhood based on prevalence of the antibody. and there have been no reports concerning the double infection of c. pneumoniae and m. pneumoniae. we reported three cases of children with the double infection. we diagnosed this from significant alteration of these antibodies from the acute to convalescent phases. we omitted the cases ... | 1996 | 8986072 |
| a microcarrier culture method for the production of large quantities of viable chlamydia pneumoniae. | we studied the propagation of chlamydia pneumoniae strain tw-183 in hep2 cells grown on microcarrier beads. infection of the cells in microcarrier culture was optimized by addition of 7.5% polyethylene glycol 4000 (peg4000) during adsorption. the yield in microcarrier culture was similar to that of microtitre-plate culture using centrifugation-assisted infection (120 x 10(6) and 225 x 10(6) bacteria/10(6) hep2 cells respectively), as was the burst size (505 and 449 bacteria produced/infecting ba ... | 1996 | 8987643 |
| diagnosis of legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumoniae, or chlamydia pneumoniae lower respiratory infection using the polymerase chain reaction on a single throat swab specimen. | diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae lower respiratory infections using dna amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on throat swab specimens has been reported. in this study we determined the sensitivity of the detection of legionella pneumophila in simulated throat swab specimens by pcr. next, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of a single throat swab pcr with the current tests for diagnosis of legionella spp., m. pneumoniae, and c. pneumoniae in patient ... | 1996 | 8988757 |
| oral empiric treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study comparing sparfloxacin with roxithromycin. the scandinavian sparfloxacin study group. | comparison of efficacy and safety of sparfloxacin (spfx) vs roxithromycin (roxi) for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | 1996 | 8989068 |
| [uveitis and joint pain without pulmonary involvement disclosing chlamydia pneumoniae infection]. | 1996 | 8991031 | |
| acute bronchitis in adults: commonly diagnosed but poorly defined. | this article reviews the existing literature about acute bronchitis, a condition commonly diagnosed but poorly defined. the little epidemiologic research that has been done has failed to identify a microbiologic etiology approximately 60% to 85% of the time. the majority of cases appear to be caused by viruses, but 25% of adults with nonspecific lower respiratory symptoms may actually have pertussis. mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae probably play minor roles. although clinicians fr ... | 1997 | 9004313 |
| [clinical manifestations of chlamydia pneumoniae infections]. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a newly described and ubiquitous bacterium. most infections are asymptomatic as shown by a high worldwide seroprevalence (> 50% of cases). it is a common cause of acute respiratory infections, mainly pneumonia (> 50% of cases) and other acute respiratory tract infections (25% of acute bronchitis, < 5% of sinusitis, otitis and pharyngitis). about 10% of the community acquired pneumonia cases have been associated with chlamydia pneumoniae infection. this incidence depends o ... | 1996 | 9008746 |
| in vitro infection of smooth muscle cells by chlamydia pneumoniae. | recent observations have shown that both chlamydia pneumoniae antigens and dna may be found within atherosclerotic lesions. in this study, we evaluated the ability of c. pneumoniae to infect cells that make up atherosclerotic lesions, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and cholesterol-loaded smooth muscle cells. the organism readily infected rabbit, bovine, and human aortic smooth muscle cells. cholesterol-loaded smooth muscle cells were even more susceptible to c. pneumoniae infe ... | 1997 | 9009304 |
| [importance of chlamydia pneumoniae as a new respiratory pathogen]. | the incidence of chlamydia pneumoniae as a cause of respiratory tract infection was evaluated in a one-year prospective study in 142 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. an indirect immunofluorescence method which detects antibodies in acute and convalescent serum samples was used. serological evidence of current infection was a four-fold rise in igg antibody titer or a positive igm fraction. c. pneumoniae was the causative pathogen in nine patients. this result is similar to those obtain ... | 1996 | 9019134 |
| elispot assay for chlamydia-specific, antibody-producing cells correlated with conventional complement fixation and microimmunofluorescence. | chlamydia antigens cross-reactive with pneumoniae (twar), psittaci, and trachomatis strains were used to evaluate the elispot assay for detecting antigen-specific, antibody-secreting cells (asc). human blood specimens from healthy and hospitalized persons were randomly collected and tested by coating the nitrocellulose membrane at the base of microtiter wells. ficoll-separated mononuclear cells from blood specimens collected in edta were incubated in the wells with iscove's growth medium in co2 ... | 1997 | 9021524 |
| serological evidence of an association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and lung cancer. | epidemiological evidence suggests that airway obstruction is an independent risk factor for lung cancer and that this cannot be explained by active or passive smoking alone. chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been associated with chronic bronchitis and its exacerbates. our aim was to evaluate the association between chronic c. pneumoniae infection and risk of lung cancer among male smokers. smoking males with lung cancer (n = 230) and their age- and locality-matched controls were selected among ... | 1997 | 9036866 |
| the relation between chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. | 1997 | 9038684 | |
| antigenic and molecular analyses of different chlamydia pneumoniae strains. | chlamydia pneumoniae is an important human respiratory pathogen. classification of c. pneumoniae isolates into distinguishable serovars or genotypes has not yet been reported. to determine whether antigenic or molecular variants among c. pneumoniae isolates exist, six strains were studied via immunoblot analysis and dna sequence determination of the entire major outer membrane protein (momp) gene omp1. the strains included four prototype strains and two clinical isolates from our laboratory. imm ... | 1997 | 9041400 |
| sero-prevalence of chlamydia infections in under five children. | 1996 | 9057382 | |
| a seroepidemiologic study of chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia psittaci in different populations on the mainland of china. | to evaluate and compare the prevalence of antibodies to 3 chlamydial species in various populations on the mainland of china, the mif test was used to detect both serum igg and igm antibodies to these species in the normal population (n = 711), in poultry workers (n = 51), in female prostitutes (n = 106), in patients attending the sexually transmitted diseases clinic (n = 98), and in adult patients with pneumonia and bronchitis (n = 108). in the normal population, igg antibodies against c. pneum ... | 1996 | 9060055 |
| prevalence of positive serology for acute chlamydia pneumoniae infection in emergency department patients with persistent cough. | to determine the prevalence of acute chlamydia pneumoniae infection in ed patients presenting with a persistent cough. | 1997 | 9063543 |
| evaluation of chlamydia immunoglobulin m (igm), igg, and iga relisas medac for diagnosis of chlamydia pneumoniae infection. | chlamydia pneumoniae is an important pathogen responsible for a variety of respiratory diseases in humans. cell culture remains the most specific method for c. pneumoniae diagnosis, but it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. thus, serology, particularly microimmunofluorescence (mif) testing, is frequently utilized. however, the mif test has a significant subjective component. we evaluated a new serological test: chlamydia immunoglobulin m (igg, iga, and igm relisas medac, based on a recombina ... | 1997 | 9067658 |
| antibiotics: neither cost effective nor 'cough' effective. | clinicians often prescribe antibiotics to treat acute bronchitis despite scant evidence that this approach is effective at speeding symptom resolution. because patients infected with bacteria but not treated with antibiotics may need to return in the future for therapy, however, this approach may be cost effective. | 1997 | 9071245 |
| association of positive chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin g titers with increasing age | due to previously reported associations of ovarian cancer with pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal infertility, and positive chlamydia trachomatis titers, women undergoing follow-up for ovarian cancer were screened with a c. trachomatis igg titer. positive titers were seen in 15 (79%) of 19 women with ovarian cancer, 9 (90%) of 10 age-matched controls, and 14 (67%) of 21 patients with infertility and pain. when analyzed by age, 4 (40%) of 10 women under 30 years of age and 34 (85%) of 40, 30 year ... | 1996 | 9074148 |
| new directions in diagnostics. | infectious diseases are still a significant clinical problem in children, and accurate identification of the causal pathogen plays an important role in clinical management. the availability of an etiologic diagnosis enables the clinician to make appropriate therapeutic decisions and to avoid the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. the availability of a microbiologic diagnosis and the susceptibility profile of the pathogen allows the prompt initiation of suitable antibiotic treatment. however, the ... | 1997 | 9076835 |
| demonstration of chlamydia pneumoniae in the walls of abdominal aortic aneurysms. | seroepidemiologic studies have indicated an association between chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection and coronary heart disease. the organism, which is a common respiratory pathogen, has been demonstrated in atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta and coronary arteries. abdominal aortic aneurysms are frequently associated with atherosclerosis, and inflammation may actually be an important factor in aneurysmal dilatation. hence it could be assumed that c. pneumoniae may play a role in maintaining ... | 1997 | 9081131 |
| [chlamydia pneumoniae infection: an uncommon cause of rhabdomyolysis]. | 1996 | 9082389 | |
| murine models of chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis. | chlamydia pneumoniae have been demonstrated in atherosclerotic lesions but not in normal arteries. an animal model of both c. pneumoniae and atherosclerosis is needed to investigate the role of the organism in atherosclerosis. apolipoprotein (apo) e-deficient transgenic mice, which spontaneously develop atherosclerosis, and c57bl/6j mice, which only develop atherosclerosis on an atherogenic diet, were evaluated. following single and multiple intranasal inoculations of apoe-deficient transgenic m ... | 1997 | 9086145 |
| possible nosocomial transmission of psittacosis. | to investigate a cluster of seven pneumonia cases among persons exposed to a pet-shop worker hospitalized with psittacosis. | 1997 | 9090543 |
| [community acquired pneumonia. reliability of the criteria for deciding ambulatory treatment]. | to determine whether criteria for not admitting community-acquired pneumonia (cap) patients diagnosed in the emergency room are appropriate, and to characterize the symptoms, etiology and course of cap. this one-year prospective, protocol study of immunocompetent cap patients diagnosed in the emergency room of our hospital enrolled patients not considered to require hospital admission according to the recommendations of the spanish society of respiratory disease (separ). medical histories, chest ... | 1997 | 9091117 |
| infection of acanthamoeba castellanii by chlamydia pneumoniae. | chlamydia pneumoniae is an intracellular respiratory pathogen, which, similar to legionella, might have developed mechanisms to escape the intracellular bactericidal activity of both human host cells and amoeba. we therefore investigated the intracellular growth and survival of c. pneumoniae in acanthamoeba castellanii by using cell culture, immunofluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy. a castellanii was incubated with purified elementary bodies of c. pneumoniae tw 183 at a concentrati ... | 1997 | 9097437 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae as a new source of infectious outbreaks in nursing homes. | to determine the extent and severity of illness and mode of transmission of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in 3 nursing home outbreaks. | 1997 | 9103345 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the genus chlamydia based on 16s rrna gene sequences. | the phylogenetic relationships among chlamydia spp. were investigated by comparing 16s rrna gene sequences. in this analysis we used 14 strains of chlamydia psittaci, including seven feline isolates, two avian isolates, two human isolates, one bovine isolates, one ovine isolate, and one koala isolate; and nine strains of chlamydia trachomatis, including six human isolates, two swine isolates, and one mouse isolate. a phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequences of these organisms and sev ... | 1997 | 9103632 |
| the ribosomal intergenic spacer and domain i of the 23s rrna gene are phylogenetic markers for chlamydia spp. | current methods used to classify chlamydia strains, including biological, morphological, and dna hybridization techniques and major outer membrane protein (omp1) gene analysis, can be imprecise or difficult to perform. to facilitate classification, 2.8-kb partial ribosomal dna (rdna) segments from a chlamydia trachomatis strain and a chlamydia psittaci strain were amplified by pcr and sequenced. subsequently, a 1,320-bp region in this segment, including both the 16s/23s intergenic spacer (232 +/ ... | 1997 | 9103637 |
| characterization of chlamydia pneumoniae antigens using human t cell clones. | chlamydia pneumoniae infection is followed by the development of antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity (cmi), which is detectable as a positive lymphocyte proliferation (lp) response to c. pneumoniae elementary body (eb) antigen, but the proteins inducing the t cell activation are not known. in the present work the authors used human t lymphocyte clones (tlc) raised against c. pneumoniae eb antigen to characterize c. pneumoniae proteins as t cell-stimulating antigens. a total of 55% of the tlc ... | 1997 | 9105425 |
| relevance of nucleic acid amplification techniques for diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in the clinical laboratory. | clinical laboratories are increasingly receiving requests to perform nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of a wide variety of infectious agents. in this paper, the efficiency of nucleic acid amplification techniques for the diagnosis of respiratory tract infections is reviewed. in general, these techniques should be applied only for the detection of microorganisms for which available diagnostic techniques are markedly insensitive or nonexistent or when turnaround times for existin ... | 1997 | 9105753 |
| history of macrolide use in pediatrics. | erythromycin, the prototypical macrolide, has been widely used since the 1950s in the management of pediatric infections. erythromycin is the drug of choice for infants and children with legionnaire's disease, pertussis, diphtheria, lower respiratory tract infections caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia trachomatis and enteritis caused by campylobacter jejuni. it is also indicated for treatment of syphilis; for streptococcal, staphylococcal and pneumococcal infecti ... | 1997 | 9109154 |
| causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are the most frequently isolated pathogens in patients with acute otitis media (aom). other potential causative pathogens include streptococcus pyogenes in older children and chlamydia pneumoniae in younger children. the recent emergence of penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae and the increasing frequency of beta-lactamase-producing strains of m. catarrhalis and h. influenzae are creating concerns regarding the use of amoxi ... | 1997 | 9109158 |
| future indications for macrolides. | the antimicrobial spectrum of azithromycin and clarithromycin suggests a number of further uses for these newer macrolides. favorable clinical and bacteriologic responses have been reported with both antibiotics in children with community-acquired pneumonia. response rates were high for overall patient populations and for subgroups with infection caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae. treatment with azithromycin or clarithromycin has resulted in a reduction in mycobacteremia a ... | 1997 | 9109159 |
| [macrolides: indications in 1997]. | a growing class of antibiotics: since the discovery of erythromycin, teh prototype macrolide, this class of antibiotics has grown considerably. roxithromycin, a semi-synthetic erythromycin derivative, has an improved absorbability, tolerability and stability profile. wide indications: current indications for these new compounds for respiratory tract infections are presented and discussed in terms of the most recent consensus conferences. new trends: all current indications (expecting the respira ... | 1997 | 9113049 |
| [asthma and chlamydia pneumoniae. a future prospect for macrolides in general and roxithromycin in particular?]. | a logical hypothesis: recent publications raise the question of an association between chlamydia pneumoniae and asthma. there has been no formal proof justifying routine search for c.pneumoniae in patients with uncontrolled asthma nor for systematic treatment with an antibiotic. open questions: can chlamydia pneumoniae infection initiate or aggravate asthma? are acute manifestations of asthma associated with an overly high frequency of recent c.pneumoniae infection? is a past history of c.pneumo ... | 1997 | 9113050 |
| species identification of chlamydia isolates by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16s-23s rrna spacer region. | the genetic diversity of the 16s-23s rrna spacer region of 12 chlamydia pneumoniae isolates, 7 chlamydia trachomatis isolates (human biovars: the trachoma serovars b and c, the urogenital serovars d, e, and f, and the lymphogranuloma venereum serovar l2; and a mouse biovar), 6 chlamydia psittaci isolates (5 avian isolates and 1 feline isolate), and one chlamydia pecorum isolate was studied. the 16s-23s rrna spacer region was amplified by pcr and digested with the restriction enzymes msei, psti, ... | 1997 | 9114403 |
| detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in human nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves. | we sought to study the possible presence of chlamydia pneumoniae in aortic valve stenosis (avs). | 1997 | 9120159 |
| the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized adults. | to identify and characterize the aetiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) among hospitalized patients, as an aid in therapeutic decision-making. | 1997 | 9120323 |
| serology of chlamydia in relation to asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. | antibodies to the 3 strains of chlamydia were measured in the sera of 197 subjects; 122 with asthma-related symptoms and 75 from the general population. the subjects underwent a structured interview, spirometry, a methacholine provocation test and skin-prick tests. for chlamydia antibodies, igg titer values of > or = 1:512 and/or igm > or = 1:16 were regarded as evidence of a current or recent infection while igg levels < 1:512 and > 1:32 were regarded as indicative of a previous infection. for ... | 1996 | 9122636 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | the prevalence of chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection was assessed in 54 patients with established chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), 41 of these with severe copd (group i), 13 with mild to moderate copd (group ii), and in 23 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (controls, group iii). specific igg and iga antibody levels and circulating immune complexes (ics) were measured in paired sera, and specific secretory iga (siga) levels in sputum specimens. a polymerase chain reactio ... | 1997 | 9129592 |
| [infection with virus or atypical pathogen is less often a cause of chronic bronchitis than expected]. | 1997 | 9132612 | |
| specificity of detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in cardiovascular atheroma: evaluation of the innocent bystander hypothesis. | chlamydia pneumoniae has been detected in atherosclerotic plaque, raising the question of whether this detection is specific to atheromatous tissue. to evaluate this question, we tested cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular tissue samples from 38 autopsy cases by polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. we also tested 33 granuloma biopsy specimens, as the organism has been detected in macrophages. c. pneumoniae was detected in coronary artery tissue from 13 (34%), lung from 5 (13%), li ... | 1997 | 9137101 |
| analytic performance and contamination control methods of a ligase chain reaction dna amplification assay for detection of chlamydia trachomatis in urogenital specimens. | a ligase chain reaction (lcr) dna amplification assay that targeted the cryptic plasmid of chlamydia trachomatis was developed to detect c. trachomatis urogenital tract infection. the objectives of this study were to determine the cutoff and analytic performance of the lcr assay and to characterize the effectiveness of its postdetection contamination control method. the assay's cutoff was determined after receiver-operator characteristic (roc) analysis of 4660 clinical data points. the assay det ... | 1996 | 9147911 |
| widely used, commercially available chlamydia pneumoniae antigen contaminated with mycoplasma. | mycoplasma contamination was detected in a widely used commercially available chlamydia pneumoniae antigen preparation. contamination was studied with a mycoplasma group-specific 16s rrna polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequence analysis. several lots of the purified c. pneumoniae antigen from the washington research foundation appeared to be contaminated with the same mycoplasma species, which appeared to be closely related to m. arginini. antigen slides prepared for the detection of chlamy ... | 1997 | 9152039 |
| chlamydia species infect human vascular endothelial cells and induce procoagulant activity. | chlamydia pneumoniae infections have been linked with myocardial infarction, stroke, and the development of atherosclerosis by epidemiologic studies, immunohistochemical studies, and electron microscopic studies. the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. | 1997 | 9154297 |
| pneumonia: the impact of antibiotic resistance on its management. | pneumonia in the community affects between 1 and 5 per 1000 per year. the microbial aetiology is diverse and influenced by preexisting disease, seasonality, as well as animate and inanimate environmental sources; pneumococci, legionella spp., mycoplasma pneumoniae, and more recently chlamydia pneumoniae are the predominant bacterial pathogens. gram-negative enteric bacteria although less common are particularly virulent. antibiotic resistance is well established for haemophilus influenzae and gr ... | 1995 | 9158749 |
| a novel method for isolation of chlamydia pneumoniae by treatment with trypsin or edta. | to establish a novel method for the efficient isolation of chlamydia pneumoniae, experiments were performed to determine the effects of edta or trypsin treatment of c. pneumoniae on its adsorption and inclusion body formation. treatment of c. pneumoniae with 0.1% trypsin or 1 mm edta significantly increased inclusion body-forming activity from 8,000- to 10,000-fold higher than that of the control. c. pneumoniae was successfully isolated in cultured cells which were inoculated with clinical speci ... | 1997 | 9163501 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and serum lipids in finnish men: cross sectional study. | 1997 | 9167563 | |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of am-1155, a new fluoroquinolone, against chlamydia spp. | the in vitro and in vivo activities of am-1155, a new quinolone, against chlamydia spp. were investigated. the mic of am-1155 for 10 standard strains of different chlamydia spp. and 25 wild-type strains of chlamydia pneumoniae isolated in japan, which were morphologically different from clinical isolates from the united states, ranged from 0.063 to 0.125 microg/ml. its activity was almost the same as those of sparfloxacin and tosufloxacin and was 4 and 16 times superior to those of levofloxacin ... | 1997 | 9174194 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia with acute hemorrhagic pericarditis in patient with acute leukemia. | 1997 | 9175336 | |
| community-acquired pneumonia in old age: a prospective study of 91 patients admitted from home. | to characterize the background, aetiology, clinical course and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in elderly compared with younger patients. | 1997 | 9177661 |
| antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses and respiratory syncytial virus in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. | to investigate the association between the onset of polymyalgia rheumatica (pmr) and prior or persistent infection with chlamydia pneumoniae or cytomegalovirus (cmv) (both known to infect the vessel wall) enteroviruses (ev) or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 1997 | 9177926 |
| clarithromycin. a review of its efficacy in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in immunocompetent patients. | clarithromycin is a broad spectrum macrolide antibacterial agent active in vitro and effective in vivo against the major pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections in immunocompetent patients. it is highly active in vitro against pathogens causing atypical pneumonia (chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae and legionella spp.) and has similar activity to other macrolides against staphylococcus aureus. streptococcus pyogenes, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae. hae ... | 1997 | 9179528 |
| rapid diagnosis of respiratory chlamydia pneumoniae infection by nested touchdown polymerase chain reaction compared with culture and antigen detection by eia. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory tract infection and community-acquired pneumonia. during an extensive outbreak of c. pneumoniae in northern sweden, 319 respiratory samples from 129 persons were collected. sputum, throat, and nasopharyngeal samples were obtained and analyzed by nested touchdown polymerase chain reaction (pcr), eia, and culture in hep-2 and mccoy cells. serology was performed by complement fixation and microimmunofluorescence tests. by pcr, 30 patients were d ... | 1997 | 9180199 |
| severe community-acquired pneumonia, shock and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome caused by chlamydia pneumoniae. | chlamydia pneumoniae has been increasingly recognized as an important aetiological agent in community-acquired pneumonia. a case of severe community-acquired pneumonia and multifunction dysfunction syndrome resulting from chlamydia pneunoniae infection in a previously healthy adult is presented. | 1997 | 9183314 |
| in-vitro activity of dirithromycin against chlamydia pneumoniae. | the in-vitro susceptibilities of 12 strains of chlamydia pneumoniae were determined for dirithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, erythromycyclamine, its active metabolite, and erythromycin. both dirithromycin and erythromycyclamine had an mic90 of 2 mg/l, as compared with 0.062 mg/l for erythromycin. the combination of dirithromycin and erythromycyclamine appeared to be additive. determination of the role of dirithromycin for the treatment of c. pneumoniae infection will depend on the results ... | 1997 | 9184366 |
| incidence, etiologic pathogens, and diagnostic testing of community-acquired pneumonia. | determination of the etiologic pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia has been problematic because of the lack of reliable rapid laboratory diagnostic tools as well as the controversy concerning diagnostic criteria. in the studies reviewed here, a specific pathogen was identified in 39% to 88% of patients. streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. depending on the demographics of the study, between 2% to 43% of cases have been attributed to legion ... | 1997 | 9193852 |
| atypical pathogen pneumonia. | the term atypical pathogens has been applied in recent years to chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and the various species of legionella. the incidence of pneumonia caused by these pathogens has increased with the development of specific diagnostic techniques. atypical pathogen community-acquired pneumonia demonstrates a broad spectrum of severity from a mild disease not requiring hospitalization to adult respiratory distress syndrome necessitating mechanical ventilation. the clinical, ... | 1997 | 9193855 |