Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| vision in the common bed bug cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae): eye morphology and spectral sensitivity. | bed bugs as pests of public health importance recently experienced a resurgence in populations throughout the u.s. and other countries. consequently, recent research efforts have focused on improving understanding of bed bug physiology and behaviour to improve management. while few studies have investigated the visual capabilities of bed bugs, the present study focused specifically on eye morphology and spectral sensitivity. a 3-d imaging technique was used to document bed bug eye morphology fro ... | 2016 | 27670265 |
| dermoscopy is useful for bed bug (cimex lectularius) bites. | 2016 | 25600584 | |
| diversity and prevalence of ectoparasites on backyard chicken flocks in california. | peridomestic ("backyard") chicken flocks are gaining popularity in the developed world (e.g., north america or europe), yet little is known regarding prevalence or severity of their ectoparasites. therefore, five birds on each of 20 properties throughout southern california were surveyed in summer for on-host (permanent) and off-host dwelling (temporary) ectoparasites. only four premises (20%) were entirely free of ectoparasites. in declining order of prevalence (% of premises), permanent ectopa ... | 2016 | 26753948 |
| new introductions, spread of existing matrilines, and high rates of pyrethroid resistance result in chronic infestations of bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.) in lower-income housing. | infestations of the common bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) have increased substantially in the united states in the past 10-15 years. the housing authority in harrisonburg, virginia, conducts heat-treatments after bed bugs are detected in a lower-income housing complex, by treating each infested unit at 60°c for 4-6 hours. however, a high frequency of recurrent infestations called into question the efficacy of this strategy. genetic analysis using bayesian clustering of polymorphic microsatellite ... | 2016 | 26901153 |
| chemically mediated arrestment of the bed bug, cimex lectularius, by volatiles associated with exuviae of conspecifics. | extracts of the exuviae (cast skins) of nymphal bed bugs (cimex lectularius) were analyzed for volatile compounds that might contribute to arrestment of adult bed bugs. four volatile aldehydes, (e)-2-hexenal, 4-oxo-(e)-2-hexenal, (e)-2-octenal, and 4-oxo-(e)-2-octenal were consistently detected in the headspace of freshly shed exuviae regardless of the developmental stages from which the exuviae were obtained. quantification of the aldehydes in the solvent extracts of homogenized fresh, 45- or 9 ... | 2016 | 27434044 |
| comparative efficacy of selected dust insecticides for controlling cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | bed bugs, cimex lectularius l., are one of the most difficult urban pests to control. pest management professionals rely heavily on insecticide sprays and dusts to control bed bugs. dust formulations are considered to provide longer residual control than sprays. however, there are no scientific data available on the comparative efficacy of the commonly used insecticide dusts. we evaluated the efficacy of eight insecticide dust products using three exposure methods: 1) brief exposure-bed bugs cro ... | 2016 | 27377377 |
| effects of various interventions, including mass trapping with passive pitfall traps, on low-level bed bug populations in apartments. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of various interventions on low-level bed bug, cimex lectularius l., populations in occupied apartments. the first experiment was conducted in occupied apartments under three intervention conditions: never treated (group i), recently treated with no further treatment (group ii), and recently treated with continued treatment (group iii). each apartment was monitored with pitfall-style traps (interceptors) installed at beds and upholstered fur ... | 2016 | 26637535 |
| posttreatment feeding affects mortality of bed bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae) exposed to insecticides. | insecticide sprays and dusts are used for controlling bed bugs, cimex lectularius l. in natural environments, bed bugs have daily access to hosts after they are exposed to insecticides. the established laboratory insecticide bioassay protocols do not provide feeding after insecticide treatments, which can result in inflated mortality compared with what would be encountered in the field. we evaluated the effect of posttreatment feeding on mortality of bed bugs treated with different insecticides. ... | 2016 | 26494709 |
| seasons, searches, and intentions: what the internet can tell us about the bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae) epidemic. | the common bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) is once again prevalent in the united states. we investigated temporal patterns in google search queries for bed bugs and co-occurring terms, and conducted in-person surveys to explore the intentions behind searches that included those terms. searches for "bed bugs" rose steadily through 2011 and then plateaued, suggesting that the epidemic has reached an equilibrium in the united states. however, queries including terms that survey respondents associate ... | 2016 | 26474879 |
| evaluation of a model community-wide bed bug management program in affordable housing. | low-income apartment communities in the united states are suffering from disproportionally high bed bug, cimex lectularius l., infestations owing to lack of effective monitoring and treatment. studies examining the effectiveness of integrated pest management (ipm) for the control of bed bugs in affordable housing have been limited to small subsets of bed-bug-infested apartments, rather than at the apartment community level. we developed, implemented and evaluated a complex-wide ipm program for b ... | 2016 | 25644070 |
| modeling the spread of bed bug infestation and optimal resource allocation for disinfestation. | a patch-structured multigroup-like $sis$ epidemiological model is proposed to study the spread of the common bed bug infestation. it is shown that the model exhibits global threshold dynamics with the basic reproduction number as the threshold parameter. costs associated with the disinfestation process are incorporated into setting up the optimization problems. procedures are proposed and simulated for finding optimal resource allocation strategies to achieve the infestation free state. our anal ... | 2016 | 27775392 |
| identification of bat ectoparasite leptocimex inordinatus from bat-dwelling cave, kanchanaburi province, thailand. | bat bugs are blood-feeding insects of bats or warm blooded animals and humans. since 2011, leptocimex spp (heteroptera: cimicidae) has been reported in thailand. however, microscopic examination of leptocimex spp is complicated, especially when the entire body of the specimen is not available. to confirm the phenotypic identification of l. inordinatus from a limestone bat cave in thailand, partial fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (coi) gene and 16s mitochondrial ribosoma ... | 2016 | 27086421 |
| the cost of decontaminating an ed after finding a bed bug: results from a single academic medical center. | 2016 | 26783149 | |
| grandeur alliances: symbiont metabolic integration and obligate arthropod hematophagy. | several arthropod taxa live exclusively on vertebrate blood. this food source lacks essential metabolites required for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, and as such, these arthropods have formed symbioses with nutrient-supplementing microbes that facilitate their host's 'hematophagous' feeding ecology. herein we highlight metabolic contributions of bacterial symbionts that reside within tsetse flies, bed bugs, lice, reduviid bugs, and ticks, with specific emphasis on b vitamin and cofact ... | 2016 | 27236581 |
| [if you go looking for trouble you'll find it. urticarial reactions to insects of our local areas]. | itchy skin rashes are a frequent reason to seek medical advice. the symptoms may be caused by hypersensitivity reactions to arthropod bites, waterborne parasites or setae from moth caterpillars and are sometimes mistaken for spontaneous urticaria or eczema. some of these pests are resurging in switzerland and elsewhere and increasingly responsible for emergency consultation. in this article we review itchy skin rashes caused by bed bugs, scabies, lice, cercariae, pyemotes spp, caterpillars and h ... | 2016 | 27197324 |
| systemic reactions caused by bed bug bites. | 2016 | 27118788 | |
| effects of ultralow oxygen and vacuum treatments on bed bug (heteroptera: cimicidae) survival. | control of bed bugs is problematic, balancing among efficacy, safety, and cost. in this study, ultralow oxygen (ulo) and vacuum treatments were tested on bed bugs to develop a safer, effective, and environmentally friendly solution to kill bed bugs on infested items. ulo treatments were established by flushing sealed enclosures with nitrogen. all life stages of bed bugs were found to be susceptible to ulo and vacuum treatments, and efficacy of the treatments increased with reduced oxygen levels, ... | 2016 | 27106228 |
| fmc verifi traps are not effective for quantifying the burden of bed bugs in an emergency department. | 2016 | 27061255 | |
| evidence for metabolic pyrethroid resistance in the common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | resistance to insecticides, especially the pyrethroids, in the common bed bug,cimex lectulariusl., has been well-documented. however, the presence and relative contribution of metabolic detoxifying microsomal oxidases and hydrolytic esterases to the observed resistance has yet to be fully elucidated. this is due, in part, to the absence of a simple bioassay procedure that appropriately isolates esterases from potentially competing oxidases. recently, an analogue of piperonyl butoxide (pbo) was d ... | 2016 | 27018436 |
| using single sensillum recording to detect olfactory neuron responses of bed bugs to semiochemicals. | the insect olfactory system plays an important role in detecting semiochemicals in the environment. in particular, the antennal sensilla which house single or multiple neurons inside, are considered to make the major contribution in responding to the chemical stimuli. by directly recording action potential in the olfactory sensillum after exposure to stimuli, single sensillum recording (ssr) technique provides a powerful approach for investigating the neural responses of insects to chemical stim ... | 2016 | 26862929 |
| regular wounding in a natural system: bacteria associated with reproductive organs of bedbugs and their quorum sensing abilities. | during wounding, tissues are disrupted so that bacteria can easily enter the host and trigger a host response. both the host response and bacterial communication can occur through quorum sensing (qs) and quorum sensing inhibition (qsi). here, we characterize the effect of wounding on the host-associated bacterial community of the bed bug. this is a model system where the male is wounding the female during every mating. whereas several aspects of the microbial involvement during wounding have bee ... | 2017 | 29326722 |
| knockdown of the chromatin remodeling gene brahma by rna interference reduces reproductive fitness and lifespan in common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae) is a nuisance household pest causing significant medical and economic impacts. rna interference (rnai) of genes that are involved in vital physiological processes can serve as potential rnai targets for insect control. brahma is an atpase subunit of a chromatin-remodeling complex involved in transcription of several genes for cellular processes, most importantly the homeotic genes. in this study, we used a microinjection technique t ... | 2017 | 29272428 |
| host association and selection on salivary protein genes in bed bugs and related blood-feeding ectoparasites. | reciprocal selective pressures can drive coevolutionary changes in parasites and hosts, and result in parasites that are highly specialized to their hosts. selection and host co-adaptation are better understood in endoparasites than in ectoparasites, whose life cycles may be more loosely linked to that of their hosts. blood-feeding ectoparasites use salivary proteins to prevent haemostasis in the host, and maximize energy intake. here we looked for signals of selection in salivary protein genes ... | 2017 | 28680688 |
| analysis of the life stages of cimex lectularius captured within a medical centre suggests that the true numbers of bed bug introductions are under-reported. | little is known about the epidemiology of bed bugs within the healthcare system, but nymphal stages predominate in natural infestations. this study determined the life stages of bed bugs captured within a medical centre, and found that older bed bugs were more likely to be captured than younger insects. the numbers of first instars, third-fifth instars and adult females captured were significantly different compared with the numbers of each life stage found in a natural infestation (p<0.01). a s ... | 2017 | 28760637 |
| impact of sublethal exposure to a pyrethroid-neonicotinoid insecticide on mating, fecundity and development in the bed bug cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae). | sublethal exposure to an insecticide may alter insect feeding, mating, oviposition, fecundity, development, and many other life history parameters. such effects may have population-level consequences that are not apparent in traditional dose-mortality evaluations. earlier, we found that a routinely used combination insecticide that includes a pyrethroid and a neonicotinoid (temprid® sc) had deleterious effects on multiple bed bug (cimex lectularius, l.) behaviors. here, we demonstrate that suble ... | 2017 | 28489937 |
| bed bug dermatitis: detection dog as a useful survey tool for environmental research of cimex lectularius. | 2017 | 28436016 | |
| a survey of patients with bed bugs in the emergency department. | bed bugs are one of the most important human ectoparasites in the united states, and a growing problem in the emergency department. we evaluated 40 emergency department (ed) patients found with a bed bug. the data show that ed patients with bed bugs are statistically more likely to be male, older, more likely to be admitted to the hospital, have higher triage emergency severity index (esi) scores, and arrive by ambulance than the general ed patient population (p<0.05). on average bed bugs were f ... | 2017 | 28077253 |
| locomotion inhibition of cimex lectularius l. following topical, sublethal dose application of the chitin synthesis inhibitor lufenuron. | to date, few studies have evaluated chitin synthesis inhibitors against bed bugs, although they would provide an alternative mode of action to circumvent insecticide resistance. acute and sublethal effects of lufenuron were evaluated against two strains of the common bed bug. combined acute and sublethal effects were used to calculate effective doses. the dose that was effective against 50% of harlan strain bed bugs was 0.0081% (w/v), and was much higher against bradenton strain bed bugs (1.11% ... | 2017 | 28862646 |
| behavioral responses of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius, to insecticide dusts. | bed bugs have reemerged recently as a serious and growing problem not only in north america but in many parts of the world. these insects have become the most challenging pest to control in urban environments. residual insecticides are the most common methods used for bed bug control; however, insecticide resistance limits the efficacy of treatments. desiccant dusts have emerged as a good option to provide a better residual effect for bed bug control. several studies have focused on determining ... | 2017 | 28786920 |
| a screen of pharmaceutical drugs for their ability to cause short-term morbidity and mortality in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l. | the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l., is a hematophagous ectoparasite that preferentially feeds on humans. pharmaceuticals present in a person's blood may adversely affect c. lectularius when it feeds. we fed >10,000 c. lectularius on blood samples containing more than 400 different drug doses and drug combinations using an in vitro feeding system to determine insect mortality. the majority of drug doses approximated the peak plasma concentration in humans taking those drugs. twenty-one drug ... | 2017 | 28776226 |
| molecular basis of n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) in repelling the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | as the most extensively used chemical repellent, n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) displayed repellency to a wide range of insects, including the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. while the neuronal or molecular basis involved in deet's repellency have been majorly focused on mosquitos and fruit flies, deet's repellency to the common bed bug is largely unreached. to gain new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms in deet's repellency to the common bed bug, we characterized the n ... | 2017 | 28676765 |
| effect of feeding history and time elapsed from field collection on the movement behavior and response to stimulation in cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the common bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) (hemiptera: cimicidae) is an obligate blood-sucking insect that has been resurging in many countries. researching this pest's behavior will help design more effective control methods. in this study, we evaluated the effect of feeding history and time elapsed from field collection on bed bug movement behavior and response to chemical lure or carbon dioxide stimulation in the laboratory. after co2 was released, bed bugs unfed for 3 d began to return to har ... | 2017 | 28541568 |
| aggregation behavior and reproductive compatibility in the family cimicidae. | bed bugs (cimex lectularius) provide a unique opportunity to understand speciation and host-associated divergence in parasites. recently, two sympatric but genetically distinct lineages of c. lectularius were identified: one associated with humans and one associated with bats. we investigated two mechanisms that could maintain genetic differentiation in the field: reproductive compatibility (via mating crosses) and aggregation fidelity (via two-choice sheltering assays). effects were assessed at ... | 2017 | 29030574 |
| bed bug bites limited to exposed skin. | 2017 | 28991496 | |
| effects of cyclic feeding and starvation, mating, and sperm condition on egg production and fertility in the common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.) are now endemic in most major cities, but information regarding their basic biology is still largely based on research done over four decades ago. we investigated the effects of starvation, mating, sperm storage, and female and male age on egg production and hatch. egg production cycles varied with the number of bloodmeals that females received. once-mated females fed every 5 d had constant egg production for ∼75 d followed by a monotonic decline to near zero. per ... | 2017 | 28981678 |
| bat ectoparasites (nycteribiidae, streblidae, siphonaptera, heteroptera, mesostigmata, argasidae, and ixodidae) from algeria. | twenty two species of ectoparasites (family nycteribiidae: nycteribia (listropoda) schmidlii schmidlii, nycteribia (nycteribia) latreillii, nycteribia (nycteribia) pedicularia, penicillidia (penicillidia) dufourii, and phthiridium biarticulatum; family streblidae: brachytarsina (brachytarsina) flavipennis and raymondia huberi; order siphonaptera: rhinolophopsylla unipectinata arabs, nycteridopsylla longiceps, araeopsylla gestroi, ischnopsyllus intermedius, and ischnopsyllus octactenus; order het ... | 2017 | 28504443 |
| effect of moxidectin on bed bug feeding, development, fecundity, and survivorship. | the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae), is a blood-feeding ectoparasite which experienced world-wide resurgence during recent decades. the control of bed bugs is often challenging, due to their cryptic nature and resistance to commonly used insecticides. in this study, we evaluated the effect of the antiparasitic drug moxidectin on bed bug survival, reproduction, and development. the lc50 (lethal concentration to kill half the members of a tested population) of moxidecti ... | 2017 | 28973981 |
| bed bug aggregation on dirty laundry: a mechanism for passive dispersal. | bed bugs have shown a recent and rapid global expansion that has been suggested to be caused by cheap air travel. how a small, flightless and anachoretic insect that hides within its host's sleeping area manages to travel long distances is not yet clear. bed bugs are attracted to the odour of sleeping humans and we suggest that soiled clothing may present a similarly attractive cue, allowing bed bugs to 'hitch-hike' around the world after aggregating in the laundry bags of travellers. we show th ... | 2017 | 28959030 |
| genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of cytochrome c oxidase subunit i in cimex hemipterus (hemiptera: cimicidae) populations in malaysia. | the tropical bed bug is scientifically recognized as a significant public health problem. while there is an increased awareness about their resurgence by medical and life science committees, efficient bed bug management still remains unresolved. the solution may soon arise, as information about bed bugs' infestation dynamics and systematics are becoming more distinguishable. recent developments in studies about bed bugs are based on molecular intervention by determining their genetic variation a ... | 2017 | 28399302 |
| [the common bed bug (cimex lectularius) - biology, medical relevance, possibilities for the detection and control]. | bed bugs have become a major concern worldwide in the 21st century and are therefore intensively investigated. the new findings not only extend the knowledge of their biology, medical relevance, and causes of the resurgence, but also can be used in bed bug management. a brief overview is provided of some of the most important research results and opinions, published in the last few years in prestigious international journals. | 2017 | 28691833 |
| [excretory system and excretion processes in the embryonic development of bed bugs (hemiptera, pentatomoidea)]. | 2017 | 5876936 | |
| no detectable insecticide resistance in swallow bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae) following long-term exposure to naled (dibrom 8). | the swallow bug, oeciacus vicarius horvath, is a hematophagous ectoparasite of the cliff swallow, petrochelidon pyrrhonota vieillot, and is closely related to bed bugs (cimex spp.). evolution of insecticide resistance has been documented for bed bugs but not studied in oeciacus. for periods of 17 and 32 yr, two cliff swallow colonies in western nebraska were treated during the summer breeding season using the organophosphate insecticide dibrom. despite continual treatments, o. vicarius has been ... | 2017 | 28399289 |
| functional characterization of aquaporin-like genes in the human bed bug cimex lectularius. | the bed bug cimex lectularius is a blood-feeding re-emerging annoyance pest insect that has the ability to transmit trypanosoma cruzi under experimental laboratory conditions. aquaporins (aqps) are water channel proteins that are essential in biological organisms. c. lectularius are constantly exposed to water-related stress, suggesting that aqps may offer novel control avenues. we identified and cloned four aqps from c. lectularius, assessed tissue and lifestage-specific expression, and charact ... | 2017 | 28607409 |
| toxicities of selected essential oils, silicone oils, and paraffin oil against the common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the common bed bug [cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae)] and tropical bed bug [cimex hemipterus f. (hemiptera: cimicidae)] resurged in the united states and many other countries over the past decades. the need for safe and effective bed bug control products propelled the development of numerous 'green insecticides', mostly with essential oils listed as active ingredients. various inorganic and organic oils also were used for bed bug management. however, there are no published studies on ... | 2017 | 29220500 |
| insecticide resistance and resistance mechanisms in bed bugs, cimex spp. (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the worldwide resurgence of bed bugs [both cimex lectularius l. and cimex hemipterus (f.)] over the past two decades is believed in large part to be due to the development of insecticide resistance. the transcriptomic and genomic studies since 2010, as well as morphological, biochemical and behavioral studies, have helped insecticide resistance research on bed bugs. multiple resistance mechanisms, including penetration resistance through thickening or remodelling of the cuticle, metabolic resist ... | 2017 | 28662724 |
| clinical issues-december 2017. | bed bugs key words: bed bugs, pest management, infestation, transmission. warming irrigation fluids key words: irrigation fluid, warming fluid, hypothermia, warming cabinet. fasting before surgery key words: fasting, npo, liquids, solids. advanced cardiac life support requirements for perioperative nurses key words: advanced cardiac life support, acls certification, pediatric advanced life support, pals certification, basic life support. | 2017 | 29173380 |
| all things bed bugs: a primer for nephrology nurses. | bed bug infestation is on the rise, affecting individuals across all demographics and geographics worldwide. of concern is nursing's lack of knowledge about bed bug transmission, prevention, elimination, and the management of bed bug bites. this article explores the evidence about the lifecycle of the bed bug, its typical presentation, and ways to prevent and eliminate bed bug infestation. ways that the nephrology nurse can assist in eradication and policy development are discussed, and resource ... | 2017 | 29165969 |
| endosymbiosis and its significance in dermatology. | proposed at the beginning of the twentieth century to explain the origin of eukaryotic organelles from prokaryotes, endosymbiosis is now medically defined by various interaction patterns between microorganisms and their residing hosts, best exemplified by the bacterial endosymbiont wolbachia identified in arthropods and filarial nematodes, which can influence normal development, reproduction, survival and transmission of the hosts. based on the transmission modes, vertical or horizontal, and the ... | 2017 | 29194776 |
| the let's beat the bug! campaign--a statewide active public education against bed bugs in minnesota. | bed bugs continue to affect society and place a burden on public health systems. experiences of the let’s beat the bug! campaign are presented to help information networks prepare personnel to effectively address questions about this pest. following recommendations from the minnesota state bed bug working group, an information line was established and the web site (www.bedbugs.umn.edu) was revised. data from both services were analyzed by geographic region and type of information requested. info ... | 2017 | 29144076 |
| virulence of entomopathogenic bacteria in the bed bug, cimex lectularius. | due in part to the development of insecticide resistance, the common bed bug, cimex lectularius, has overcome human intervention efforts to make a global resurgence. the failure of chemical pesticides has created a need for novel strategies to combat bed bugs. while a number of insect pests are susceptible to the use of entomopathogenic microbes or microbial-derived toxins, biological control methods have not been thoroughly explored in bed bugs. here, we tested the virulence of three entomopath ... | 2017 | 29079532 |
| the all-rounder sodalis: a new bacteriome-associated endosymbiont of the lygaeoid bug henestaris halophilus (heteroptera: henestarinae) and a critical examination of its evolution. | hemipteran insects are well-known in their ability to establish symbiotic relationships with bacteria. among them, heteropteran insects present an array of symbiotic systems, ranging from the most common gut crypt symbiosis to the more restricted bacteriome-associated endosymbiosis, which have only been detected in members of the superfamily lygaeoidea and the family cimicidae so far. genomic data of heteropteran endosymbionts are scarce and have merely been analyzed from the wolbachia endosymbi ... | 2017 | 29036401 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of brown dog tick behavioral responses to potential semiochemicals. | the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (parasitiformis: ixodidae), is an ectoparasite of dogs that can be found worldwide. this tick poses unique difficulties in management because it can complete its entire life cycle indoors and has demonstrated acaricide resistance. the ability to monitor for tick presence and abundance is necessary for developing effective control programs. as such, an evaluation of adult brown dog tick behavioral responses to 16 potential semiochemicals was ... | 2017 | 27914935 |
| climbing ability of teneral and sclerotized adult bed bugs and assessment of adhesive properties of the exoskeletal fluid using atomic force microscopy. | we observed that teneral adults (<1 h post-molt) of cimex lectularius l. appeared more adept at climbing a smooth surface compared to sclerotized adults. differences in climbing ability on a smooth surface based on sclerotization status were quantified by measuring the height to which bed bugs climbed when confined within a glass vial. the average maximum height climbed by teneral (t) bed bugs (n = 30, height climbed = 4.69 cm) differed significantly (p< 0.01) from recently sclerotized (rs) bed ... | 2017 | 29244819 |
| dynamics of bed bug infestations in three low-income housing communities with various bed bug management programs. | infestations of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l., have become common in low-income communities in the united states over the last 15 years. we evaluated community-based integrated pest management (ipm) programs for reducing bed bug infestations. two housing authorities (bayonne and hackensack) implemented bed bug ipm programs. a third housing authority (paterson) was used as the control site. building-wide surveys were conducted in all communities, three times, to evaluate the effectiven ... | 2017 | 29243884 |
| forces to pierce cuticle of tarsi and material properties determined by nanoindentation: the achilles' heel of bed bugs. | the mechanical properties of bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) tarsi and pretarsi were investigated in order to evaluate their vulnerability to piercing by plant trichomes (sharp microscopic hairs). nanoindentation was used to measure the force required to insert a sharp probe into the cuticle of these different regions, as well as to determine creep and reduced elastic moduli for the cuticle. scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the indents that had been generated by nanoindentation. ... | 2017 | 28935816 |
| phylogenetic analyses of bat-associated bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae: cimicinae and cacodminae) indicate two new species close to cimex lectularius. | bats are regarded as the primary (ancestral) hosts of bugs of the family cimicidae. the historically and economically most important species in the family is the common bedbug (cimex lectularius), because of its worldwide occurrence and association with humans. this molecular-phylogenetic study was initiated in order to expand the knowledge on the phylogeny of cimicid bugs of bats, by investigating samples from hungary, romania (representing central-eastern europe) and two further countries (sou ... | 2017 | 28934957 |
| testing a threshold-based bed bug management approach in apartment buildings. | we tested a threshold-based bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) management approach with the goal of achieving elimination with minimal or no insecticide application. thirty-two bed bug infested apartments were identified. these apartments were divided into four treatment groups based on apartment size and initial bed bug count, obtained through a combination of visual inspection and bed bug monitors: i- non-chemical only in apartments with 1-12 bed bug count, ii- chemical control only in apartments ... | 2017 | 28933720 |
| an early holocene record of cimex (hemiptera: cimicidae) from western north america. | the subfossil remains of 14 cimicids (hemiptera: cimicidae) were recovered during archaeological investigations of the paisley five mile point cave site (35lk3400), an exceptionally well-dated (n = 229 radiocarbon dates) late pleistocene-early holocene rock shelter site in south-central oregon. nine of the specimens have been assigned to three modern species of nearctic cimicidae-cimex antennatus usinger & ueshima, cimex latipennis usinger & ueshima, and cimex pilosellus (horváth)-whereas the re ... | 2017 | 28399298 |
| cases of bed bug (cimex lectularius) infestations in northwest italy. | cbed bugs (cimex lectularius) have been a common problem for humans for at least 3,500 years and in europe their presence was endemic until the end of world war ii, when infestations began to decrease. however, since the beginning of the 21st century new cases of infestations have been reported in developed countries. many theories have been put forward to explain this change of direction, but none has been scientifically proven. the aim of this study is to provide some reports of bed bug infest ... | 2017 | 24362773 |
| behavioral effects of sublethal exposure to a combination of β-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid in the bed bug, cimex lectularius l. | bed bugs (cimex lectularius) are blood-feeding insect pests with public health relevance. their rapid evolution of resistance to pyrethroids has prompted a shift to combination products that include both a pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticide. insecticides have both a direct impact on mortality and an indirect effect on behavior. thus, we assessed the sublethal effects of a widely used combination product containing β-cyfluthrin (a pyrethroid) and imidacloprid (a neonicotinoid), as unexpecte ... | 2017 | 27322625 |
| comparison of ingestion and topical application of insecticides against the common bed bug, cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the global prevalence of cimex lectularius infestations has challenged current intervention efforts, as pyrethroid resistance has become ubiquitous, availability of labeled insecticides for bed bugs is limited, and non-chemical treatment options, such as heat, are often unaffordable. we evaluated representative insecticides toward the goal of developing a novel, ingestible liquid bait for hematophagous arthropods. | 2017 | 27766740 |
| the influence of time and distance traveled by bed bugs, cimex lectularius, on permethrin uptake from treated mattress liners. | residual insecticides interrupt the dispersal of bed bugs (cimex lectularius, l.), but one of the issues encountered with residual applications is understanding the uptake of active residues by the insect. this study determined permethrin uptake by bed bugs walking on the activeguard(®) mattress liner product, via a combination of video recording in arenas and gas chromatography analyses. | 2017 | 27098708 |
| autofluorescence lifetime variation in the cuticle of the bedbug cimex lectularius. | the decay time of the fluorescence of excited molecules, called fluorescence lifetime, can provide information about the cuticle composition additionally to widely used spectral characteristics. we compared autofluorescence lifetimes of different cuticle regions in the copulatory organ of females of the bedbug, cimex lectularius. after two-photon excitation at 720 nm, regions recently characterised as being rich in resilin showed a longer bimodal distribution of the mean autofluorescence lifetim ... | 2017 | 27913288 |
| insecticidal activity of an essential oil of tagetes patula l. (asteraceae) on common bed bug cimex lectularius l. and molecular docking of major compounds at the catalytic site of clache1. | emerging resistance to insecticides has influenced pharmaceutical research and the search for alternatives to control the common bed bug cimex lectularius. in this sense, natural products can play a major role. tagetes patula, popularly known as dwarf marigold, is a plant native to north america with biocide potential. the aim of this work was to evaluate the biological activity of t. patula essential oil (eo) against adult common bed bugs via exposure to dry residues by the impregnated paper di ... | 2017 | 27838836 |
| differences in climbing ability of cimex lectularius and cimex hemipterus (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the climbing abilities of two bed bug species, cimex lectularius l. and cimex hemipterus (f.), were determined by evaluating their escape rates from smooth surface pitfall traps using four commercial bed bug monitors (verifi bed bug detector, climbup insect interceptor, blackout bed bug detector, and sensci volcano bed bug detector). all detectors were used in the absence of lures or attractants. unlike c. lectularius, adult c. hemipterus were able to escape from all traps. on the other hand, no ... | 2017 | 28334370 |
| desiccant dust and the use of co2 gas as a mobility stimulant for bed bugs: a potential control solution? | the common bed bug (cimex lectularius, hemiptera; cimicidae) infests homes and service industries, and the number of infestations has greatly increased over the past 20 years. at present, no cost-effective control methods are available, and eradication programs are expensive and laborious. we investigated the control potential of desiccant dust in combination with co2 as a bed bug activity stimulant. an initial experiment with two desiccant dusts was followed by arena studies with varying doses, ... | 2017 | 28217039 |
| analysis of bed bug (cimex lectularius) introductions into an academic medical center. | 2017 | 28179037 | |
| effects of different surfaces and insecticide carriers on residual insecticide bioassays against bed bugs, cimex spp. (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the performance of five insecticides (bendiocarb, deltamethrin, ddt, malathion, and imidacloprid) using three application methods (oil-based insecticide films on filter paper, and acetone-based insecticide deposits on two substrates: filter paper and glass) was assessed against a susceptible strain of cimex lectularius (l.) and two resistant strains of cimex hemipterus (f.). substrate type significantly affected (p < 0.05) the insecticide knockdown response of the susceptible strain in acetone-b ... | 2017 | 28115498 |
| antibody and cytokine levels in humans fed on by the common bedbug, cimex lectularius l. | little is known about cimicosis, the resultant dermal reaction from feeding activity by the common bedbug, cimex lectularius l. we fed c. lectularius on human study subjects four times over four weeks and measured serum cytokine and antibody levels, and subjects recorded any cimicosis. the average time for subjects to develop cimicosis decreased with each feeding from 8.4, to 2.1, 1.5 and 1.3 days, respectively. there were no significant changes in total igg, igg1, igg2, igg4 or ige levels betwe ... | 2017 | 28075502 |
| mortality, fecundity and development among bed bugs (cimex lectularius) exposed to prolonged, intermediate cold stress. | bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.) have returned as a nuisance pest worldwide. their ability to withstand different types of environmental stress should be explored in order potentially to increase the efficiency of control methods. | 2017 | 27991708 |
| investigation of the midgut structure and ultrastructure in cimex lectularius and cimex pipistrelli (hemiptera: cimicidae). | cimicidae are temporary ectoparasites, which means that they cannot obtain food continuously. both cimex species examined here, cimex lectularius (linnaeus 1758) and cimex pipistrelli (jenyns 1839), can feed on a non-natal host, c. lectularius from humans on bats, c. pipistrelli on humans, but never naturally. the midgut of c. lectularius and c. pipistrelli is composed of three distinct regions-the anterior midgut (amg), which has a sack-like shape, the long tube-shaped middle midgut (mmg), and ... | 2017 | 27553718 |
| two compounds in bed bug feces are sufficient to elicit off-host aggregation by bed bugs, cimex lectularius. | after feeding, bed bugs aggregate in cracks and crevices near a host. aggregation and arrestment are mediated by tactile and chemical stimuli associated with the bugs' feces and exuviae. volatiles derived from fecally stained filter papers were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction (spme) and evaluated using a multichoice behavioral assay to determine their impact on bed bug aggregation. in addition, crude fecal extracts were collected in methanol, analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with e ... | 2017 | 27060680 |
| rapid killing of bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.) on surfaces using heat: application to luggage. | the resistance of bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.) to chemical insecticides has motivated the development of non-chemical control methods such as heat treatment. however, because bed bugs tend to hide in cracks or crevices, their behavior incidentally generates a thermally insulated microenvironment for themselves. bed bugs located on the outer surface of luggage are less insulated and potentially more vulnerable to brief heat treatment. | 2017 | 27477121 |
| susceptibility of insecticide resistant bed bugs (cimex lectularius) to infection by fungal biopesticide. | bed bugs are a public health concern, and their incidence is increasing worldwide. bed bug infestations are notoriously difficult to eradicate, further exacerbated by widespread resistance to pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides. this study evaluated the efficacy of the newly developed fungal biopesticide, aprehend™, containing beauveria bassiana, against insecticide-resistant bed bugs. | 2017 | 28321982 |
| the mitogenome of the bed bug cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | we report the extraction of a bed bug mitogenome from high-throughput sequencing projects originally focused on the nuclear genome of cimex lectularius. the assembled mitogenome has a similar at nucleotide composition bias found in other insects. phylogenetic analysis of all protein-coding genes indicates that c. lectularius is clearly a member of a paraphyletic cimicomorpha clade within the order hemiptera. | 2017 | 27617305 |
| bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae) detection in low-income, high-rise apartments using four or fewer passive monitors. | bed bug, cimex lectularius l., management in low-income, high-rise housing for the elderly and disabled can be difficult. early detection is key to slowing their spread, and reducing management cost and time needed for control. to determine the minimum number of passive monitors needed to detect low-level bed bug infestations in this environment, we evaluated three monitors placed one, two, or four per apartment in a 3 by 3 experimental design. one sticky monitor, the bedbug detection system, an ... | 2017 | 28369372 |
| a method for evaluating insecticide efficacy against bed bug, cimex lectularius, eggs and first instars. | standard toxicity evaluations of insecticides against insect pests are primarily conducted on adult insects. evaluations are based on a dose-response or concentration-response curve, where mortality increases as the dose or concentration of an insecticide is increased. standard lethal concentration (lc50) and lethal dose (ld50) tests that result in 50% mortality of a test population can be challenging for evaluating toxicity of insecticides against non-adult insect life stages, such as eggs and ... | 2017 | 28362364 |
| double cuticle barrier in two global pests, the whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum and the bedbug cimex lectularius. | the integument protects the organism against penetration of xenobiotics and water that would potentially interfere with homeostasis. in insects that play key roles in a variety of agricultural and ecological habitats this inward barrier is barely investigated. in order to advance in this field, we studied integumental barrier (cuticle) permeability in the two global pests trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) and cimex lectularius (bedbug) applying a simple dye-penetration assay. in ag ... | 2017 | 28167802 |
| chemoreception to aggregation pheromones in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | the common bed bug, cimex lectularius, is an obligate blood-feeding insect that is resurgent worldwide, posing a threat to human beings through its biting nuisance and disease transmission. bed bug aggregation pheromone is considered a very promising attractant for use in the monitoring and management of bed bugs, but as yet little is known regarding the sensory physiology of bed bugs related to this pheromone. this study examined how the individual components of aggregation pheromone are percei ... | 2017 | 28167332 |
| relatively small quantities of co2, ammonium bicarbonate, and a blend of (e)-2-hexenal plus (e)-2-octenal attract bed bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae). | bed bugs, cimex lectularius l., feed on humans, have increased exponentially in the past two decades in many major cities throughout the world, have caused intense infestations, and have become a significant health concern. improved traps are needed to detect early infestations, to assess control programs, and for control of bed bugs. carbon dioxide released alone or simultaneously with other attractants into three types of traps at the relatively low rate of 1 ml/min caught significantly more b ... | 2017 | 28399295 |
| discrimination between lineage-specific shelters by bat- and human-associated bed bugs does not constitute a stable reproductive barrier. | the common bed bug cimex lectularius, has been recently shown to constitute two host races, which are likely in the course of incipient speciation. the human-associated lineage splits from the ancestral bat-associated species deep in the history of modern humans, likely even prior to the neolithic period and establishment of the first permanent human settlements. hybridization experiments between these two lineages show that post-mating reproductive barriers are incomplete due to local variation ... | 2017 | 27830371 |
| evaluation of the potential for secondary kill for ingested insecticides in the common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | baits are a preferred method of urban pest management. baits enable more targeted insecticide applications with a fraction of the active ingredient used in residual sprays. bait translocation by foragers, and consequent secondary kill of nonforagers, enhances bait effectiveness in social insects, and in other group-living species like german cockroaches (blattella germanica l.). we investigated the potential for secondary kill in bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.), another gregarious species, using ... | 2017 | 28334348 |
| human parasites in the roman world: health consequences of conquering an empire. | the archaeological evidence for parasites in the roman era is presented in order to demonstrate the species present at that time, and highlight the health consequences for people living under roman rule. despite their large multi-seat public latrines with washing facilities, sewer systems, sanitation legislation, fountains and piped drinking water from aqueducts, we see the widespread presence of whipworm (trichuris trichiura), roundworm (ascaris lumbricoides) and entamoeba histolytica that caus ... | 2017 | 26741568 |
| detection of reduced susceptibility to chlorfenapyr- and bifenthrin-containing products in field populations of the bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | insecticide resistance is a major impediment for effective control of cimex lectularius l. previous resistance detection studies with bed bugs have focused on certain pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, organochlorine, organophosphate, and carbamate insecticides. within the pyrethroid class, resistance studies have mostly been limited to deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and alpha- and beta-cyfluthrin. the goal of this study was to develop diagnostic concentration bioassays for assessing bed bug suscepti ... | 2017 | 28398497 |
| molecular basis of olfactory chemoreception in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | as one of the most notorious ectoparasites, bed bugs rely heavily on human or animal blood sources for survival, mating and reproduction. chemoreception, mediated by the odorant receptors on the membrane of olfactory sensory neurons, plays a vital role in their host seeking and risk aversion processes. we investigated the responses of odorant receptors to a large spectrum of semiochemicals, including human odorants and plant-released volatiles and found that strong responses were sparse; aldehyd ... | 2017 | 28383033 |
| survival and transstadial persistence of trypanosoma cruzi in the bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | bed bug populations are increasing around the world at an alarming rate and have become a major public health concern. the appearance of bed bug populations in areas where chagas disease is endemic raises questions about the role of these insects in the transmission of trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of the disease. in a series of laboratory evaluations, bed bug adults and nymphs were experimentally fed with t. cruzi-infected blood to assess the ability of t. cruzi to survive inside the ... | 2018 | 29381783 |
| common child and adolescent cutaneous infestations and fungal infections. | cutaneous infections and infestations are common among children and adolescents. ectoparasitic infestations affect individuals across the globe. head lice, body lice, scabies, and infestations with bed bugs are seen in individuals who reside in both resource poor areas and in developed countries. superficial cutaneous and mucosal candida infections occur throughout the life cycle. dermatophyte infections of keratin-containing skin and skin structures result in tinea capitis (scalp), tinea corpor ... | 2018 | 29198783 |
| neuropeptidomics of the bed bug cimex lectularius. | the bed bug cimex lectularius is a globally distributed human ectoparasite with fascinating biology. it has recently acquired resistance against a broad range of insecticides, causing a worldwide increase in bed bug infestations. the recent annotation of the bed bug genome revealed a full complement of neuropeptide and neuropeptide receptor genes in this species. with regard to the biology of c. lectularius, neuropeptide signaling is especially interesting because it regulates feeding, diuresis, ... | 2018 | 29148801 |
| transient complete heart block secondary to bed bug insecticide: a case of pyrethroid cardiac toxicity. | pyrethroids are the major components of various commercially used insect repellants. these are less toxic to humans due to their slow absorption and rapid metabolism. however, cases of suicidal and accidental poisoning with household insecticides are not uncommon. we report a case of a 59-year-old female who presented with syncope after an accidental exposure to bed bug repellant spray at home. she was found to be in complete heart block and was treated conservatively. there was complete resolut ... | 2018 | 27344675 |
| trypanosoma cruzi infection does not decrease survival or reproduction of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | although not presently implicated as a vector of human pathogens, the common bed bug, cimex lectularius, has been suspected of carrying human pathogens because of its close association with humans and its obligate hematophagy. recently, we characterized the vectorial competence of c. lectularius for the parasite trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease. we observed that c. lectularius can acquire t. cruzi infection when fed on t. cruzi-carrying mice, and subsequently transmit t. ... | 2018 | 29363461 |
| pest prevalence and evaluation of community-wide integrated pest management for reducing cockroach infestations and indoor insecticide residues. | pest infestations in residential buildings are common, but community-wide pest survey data are lacking. frequent insecticide applications for controlling indoor pests leave insecticide residues and pose potential health risks to residents. in this study, a community-wide pest survey was carried out in a housing complex consisting of 258 units in 40 buildings in new brunswick, new jersey. it was immediately followed by implementation of an integrated pest management (ipm) program in all the cockr ... | 2018 | 29361010 |