Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| insects and spiders: infestations and bites. | despite successful eradication techniques and specific effective therapies, insect bites and infestations remain a source of great human misery. the current scabies pandemic shows no signs of abating. bed bugs, which through the ages have been second only to the malarial mosquito as an insect vector of fatal infection, have now been implicated in the transmission of hepatitis b and possibly african acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the incidence of head- and pubic lice is on the rise, ... | 1987 | 21263961 |
| trypanosoma (megatrypanum) incertum from pipistrellus pipistrellus: development and transmission by cimicid bugs. | trypanosoma (megatrypanum) incertum pittaluga 1905 was found in 33 out of 206 pipistrellus pipistrellus caught at various sites in britain. the trypanosome is described from blood smears. development took place in laboratory-reared cimex pipistrelli and cimex lectularius. epimastigote forms initially multiplied rapidly in the ventriculus and midgut of cimex. metacyclic trypanosomes were found in the rectum of both species of cimex after 8 days when bugs were maintained at 20 degrees c and as ear ... | 1988 | 3405632 |
| schizotrypanum in british bats. | two species of schizotrypanum, t. (s.) dionisii and t. (s.) vespertilionis, were identified from british bats. laboratory studies on stocks of isolated trypanosomes from 5 species of bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus, nyctalus leisleri, n. noctula, eptesicus serotinus and myotis brandti) indicated that the predominant species was t. d. dionisii. collections and dissection of the bat bug cimex pipistrelli from bat roosts revealed flagellate infection in a total of 12 out of 20 bugs; 7 of these bugs ... | 1988 | 3174237 |
| production of a hybrid between the bedbugs cimex hemipterus and cimex lectularius. | of 479 eggs laid by female cimex lectularius linnaeus and c.hemipterus (fabricius) mated by males of the other species, one was fertile and gave rise to a first stage nymph. the egg showed sculpturing typical of c.hemipterus, the female parent, and the nymph conformed to the narrow pronotum and abdomen of this species, being significantly different from c.lectularius in the width of the abdomen. because the orientation and lengths of the bristles on the sides of the abdomen were distinctly diffe ... | 1988 | 2980186 |
| a field study of mating between two species of bedbug in northern kwazulu, south africa. | the interspecific cross-mating of female cimex lectularius linnaeus with male cimex hemipterus (fabricius) results in a visible mark developing in the female ectospermalege. this mark has been used to record the frequency of mating between female c.lectularius and male c.hemipterus in sympatric wild populations in a ddt-sprayed area of northern kwazulu, south africa. a high percentage (11/16 = 69%) of c.lectularius females were marked, showing that these two species mate in nature. | 1988 | 2980185 |
| the effects on domestic infestations of cimex lectularius bedbugs of interspecific mating with c. hemipterus. | interspecific mating between male cimex hemipterus and female c. lectularius bedbugs (hemiptera: cimicidae) occurs freely in the laboratory, even when many female c. hemipterus are available. longevity and fertile egg production of female c. lectularius are reduced by mating with male c. hemipterus. in kwazulu, south africa, a correlation exists between the percentage of c. lectularius females which are interspecifically mated and the predominance of c. hemipterus in mixed domestic infestations ... | 1989 | 2519691 |
| toxicity of colocynithin and hydrated colocynithin from alcoholic extract of citrullus colocynthis pulp. | the comparative toxicity of the alcoholic extract of citrullus colocynthis pulp; colocynithin and hydrated colocynithin have been isolated and tried against seven insect species. the american cockroaches were more susceptible for both compounds than the german one, adult honey bee were more affected with colocynithin than adult housefly. while hydrated colocynithin was more toxic to housefly than honey bee, cotton leafworm was less affected with both toxicants. bed bug was less affected with col ... | 1989 | 2708854 |
| induction of skin papillomas in the rabbit, oryctologus cuniculus, by bites of a blood-sucking insect, cimex lectularius, irradiated by gamma rays. | bed bugs, cimex lectularius, irradiated with gamma rays were allowed to suck blood from shaved areas of the skin of rabbits, oryctolagus cuniculus, 2 times/week for 5 months and then once weekly for another 5 months. this significantly induced the formation of skin papillomas and sweat gland hyperplasia in five out of nine experimental animals. it is speculated that the saliva of the irradiated bugs was activated by gamma rays and was responsible for the induction of skin papillomas. because bed ... | 1989 | 2794550 |
| effect of vitamin a acid on papillomas induced by irradiated bed bugs in rabbit skin. | the preventive effect of vitamin a acid (13-cis-retinoic acid) on skin papillomas induced in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) by the bite of bed bugs (cimex lectularius) pre-irradiated with gamma rays was investigated. painting the papillomas with an oily 13-cis-retinoic acid suspension twice a week in a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight leads to significant regression of these structures. | 1990 | 2083878 |
| [the cimicids and their importance in public health (hemiptera-heteroptera; cimicidae)]. | a review of the cimicidae of importance in public health is presented. after a general morphological study, special attention is given to knowledge of the biology and ecology of bed-bugs, mainly as regards their relation to the human environment and the possibility of their role in disease transmission. the species cimex lectularius and c. hemipterus are given particular attention and data on their relevance to questions of public health are revised. taxonomy, biosystematic and geographical dist ... | 1990 | 2098897 |
| hepatitis b surface antigen in cimex lectularius. | bedbug (cimex lectularius) samples adult and nymphs either engorged or starved from central security forces sleeping wards, laboratory animal house and control samples from laboratory reared colonies were ground and subjected to elisa test of hepatitis b surface antigen together with 276 serum samples from the recruits slept in those wards. in the camp 7 out of 30 samples of engorged adult bedbugs were positive to hbsag and 5 out of 30 samples of starved bedbugs were positive. regarding nymphs 4 ... | 1990 | 2133897 |
| urologic uses of the bed bug. | a bed utility grip can be positioned on the bed frame in whatever place is the most advantageous for such purposes as supporting urinary drainage bags, including double-hanger designs, and the vitalmetric unit. | 1990 | 2305511 |
| the relation between cimex lectularius antigen and bronchial asthma in egypt. | in bronchial asthma, house dust is one of the important precipitating factor. cimex lectularius or bedbug is a well known house insect and share in the constitution of house dust. 54 asthmatic patients and 11 control individuals were skin tested using the common environmental inhalant antigens as well as cimex extracts (head and thorax, 1st antigen and abdomen, 2nd antigen). also precipitin test using both cimex extracts were used. the percentage of positive skin reactions to 1st cimex antigen w ... | 1991 | 1765685 |
| cimex lectularius l., 1758 (hemiptera, cimicidae): sensitivity to commercial insecticides in labs. | 1991 | 1842448 | |
| attempts to transmit hepatitis b virus to chimpanzees by arthropods. | bedbugs (cimex lectularius l.) were fed on an infective blood-hepatitis b virus (hbv) mixture. further bedbugs and tampan ticks (ornithodoros moubata [murray]) were fed on hbv-carrier chimpanzees. after a 10-13 day interval for oviposition, tests done on samples of individual arthropods showed that 53-85% of the bugs were hbsag-positive and none hbeag-positive, while 100% of the ticks were hbsag-positive and 88% hbeag-positive. the remaining arthropods were fed on 3 susceptible chimpanzees, whic ... | 1991 | 2017742 |
| [trials of the insecticides icon and ficam against mosquitoes in the southern ussr]. | two residual insecticides (icon 10% wp, ici and ficam w 80% wp, camco) were in 1989 tested in field trials in tajikistan, azerbaijan and uzbekistan against anopheles superpictus, an. sacharovi, an. pulcherrimus, an. martinius, culex pipiens, aedes caspius, and ae. vexans. in dosages recommended by the producing companies (0.025 g/m2 a. i. for icon and 0.4 g/m2 for ficam), the above preparations showed residual action during 2-3 months. icon and ficam did not cause irritability and repellency in ... | 1991 | 2067463 |
| [susceptibility tests of the bedbug, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera, cimicidae) to ddt in belo horizonte, mg (brazil)]. | susceptibility levels for the adult bed-bug, cimex lectularius, in belo horizonte, minas gerais-brazil, to ddt, were determined during the period 1985 to 1986. the test results showed that a 4% dosage of ddt is not enough to kill 55% of the insects. the data are sufficient to show that there exists bed-bug resistance to ddt in belo horizonte. | 1992 | 1307427 |
| [cimex lectularius l. (the common bedbug), the vector of trypanosoma cruzi]. | 1992 | 1340545 | |
| [the efficacy of a new insecticide ethofenprox (trebon) for controlling different types of insects]. | the insecticidal action of the new compound ethofenprox (trebon) in the form of 10 and 30% flow concentrate against house flies, cockroaches, bed bugs, rat fleas, mosquito imagines and larvae of aedes and culex genera was studied in the laboratory and in the field. the effective doses and the methods of spraying were established. 10% flow trebon is allowed by the ussr ministry of health to be useful in medical disinfection. | 1992 | 1435586 |
| delayed reaction to bed bug bites. | 1992 | 1739312 | |
| patterns of erythrocyte digestion by bloodsucking insects: constraints on vector competence. | two general patterns of erythrocyte digestion were observed in representative species from four insect orders. ingested erythrocytes were hemolyzed rapidly, and blood meals remained liquefied within body lice, pediculus humanus l. and the fleas ctenocephalides felis (bouché) and xenopyslla cheopis (rothschild). peritrophic membrane was absent. in contrast, there was a lag time of 6-18 h before substantial degradation of erythrocytes within the blood meals of bed bugs, cimex lectularius l.; the s ... | 1993 | 8094460 |
| assessment of the residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin. 1. a laboratory study using anopheles arabiensis and cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae) on treated daub wall substrates from natal, south africa. | laboratory assessment of the residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin (icon) 10% ai against anopheles arabiensis and cimex lectularius was carried out. the insecticide was applied to daub substrates, simulating the wall surface of houses from 3 areas within the endemic malaria area of natal, south africa. variability in residual efficacy was found between different areas and appeared to correlate to organic content of the substrate. residual efficacy against an. arabiensis ranged from as little a ... | 1993 | 8126474 |
| susceptibility of the bedbug, cimex lectularius, to selected insecticides and various treated surfaces. | adult bedbugs, cimex lectularius, were exposed for 24 h (25 degrees c) to filter paper treated with various dilutions of the technical grade of nine insecticides dissolved in acetone to determine the concentration-response relationships. the order of toxicity, from most to least based on the lc50's was: dichlorvos, pirimiphos methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin, bendiocarb, permethrin, malathion, carbaryl, tetrachlorvinphos, and fenvalerate. the residual toxicities of commercial formulations of six of th ... | 1993 | 8435492 |
| adult cat flea (siphonaptera: pulicidae) excretion of host blood proteins in relation to larval nutrition. | protein content and ion composition of host blood and feces from blood-fed adult cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis (bouché), were examined. total fecal protein differed slightly from host blood indicating that there was little digestion of host blood by adult fleas. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels of host blood and flea feces also revealed little digestion, as evidenced by the quantitatively and qualitatively similar protein banding patterns. blood and fecal ion com ... | 1994 | 7910638 |
| [insecticidal gels--a promising form for using pyrethroids]. | insecticidal gels containing the following agents as active ingredients: permethrin (0.4%), cipermethrin (0.1%), fenvalerate (0.5%), alpha-methrin (0.2%) were designed and studied under laboratory and field conditions. when applied to various surface types, the designed formulations of the gels caused 100% death of cockroaches, domestic flies, bed-bugs and fleas. the application rate is 2.5-10.0 g/m2 depending on the species of insects. the residual insecticidal action of gels on the surfaces is ... | 1995 | 7770016 |
| a salivary nitrophorin (nitric-oxide-carrying hemoprotein) in the bedbug cimex lectularius. | salivary gland homogenate of the bedbug cimex lectularius caused vasodilation of the preconstricted rabbit aortic ring in the absence of endothelium. vasodilation was augmented in the presence of superoxide dismutase and inhibited in the presence of methylene blue. utilization of the griess reaction indicated the presence of reactive nitrogen equivalents of the order of 337 +/- 57 pg equivalent no2- per pair of salivary glands (mean +/- s.e.m.; n = 3). salivary gland homogenates have a nitrosyl- ... | 1995 | 7658188 |
| a novel inhibitor of factor x activation from the salivary glands of the bed bug cimex lectularius. | cimex lectularius salivary gland homogenate delayed the recalcification time of human citrated plasma. separation of the salivary gland homogenate by molecular sieving hplc chromatography resulted in a single major peak of anticlotting activity with an apparent molecular mass of 17,000. the anticoagulant principle inhibited the activation of factor x to factor xa in the tenase complex (fviii, fixa, fx, phospholipids, and calcium). however, it did not directly inhibit already activated factor xa, ... | 1996 | 8682187 |
| phylogenetic characterization of two transovarially transmitted endosymbionts of the bedbug cimex lectularius (heteroptera:cimicidae). | two different inherited bacterial symbionts from ovary tissue of the bedbug cimex lectularius were characterized by gene amplification and sequencing analysis of their 16s rdna gene. the first bacterium belongs to the wolbachia subgroup of the alpha-proteobacteria, the second is a member of the gamma-subdivision, and is closely related to the bacterial parasite of the leafhopper euscelidius variegatus (bev) which was shown to be capable of transovarial transmission. the high similarity (> 97%) b ... | 1997 | 9272448 |
| purification, cloning, and expression of an apyrase from the bed bug cimex lectularius. a new type of nucleotide-binding enzyme. | an enzyme that hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bonds of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, but not monophosphates, thus displaying apyrase (ec 3.6.1.5) activity, was purified from salivary glands of the bed bug, cimex lectularius. the purified c. lectularius apyrase was an acidic protein with a pi of 5.1 and molecular mass of approximately 40 kda that inhibited adp-induced platelet aggregation and hydrolyzed platelet agonist adp with specific activity of 379 units/mg protein. amplification of c. le ... | 1998 | 9804829 |
| purification and cloning of the salivary nitrophorin from the hemipteran cimex lectularius. | cimex lectularius and rhodnius prolixus contain salivary nitric oxide (no) that may help them to feed on their vertebrate hosts by promoting vasodilation and inhibiting platelet aggregation. salivary no is associated with heme proteins (nitrophorins) that store and transport no from the insect salivary glands to the skin of the host. in this study, the salivary nitrophorin of cimex lectularius was purified by deae chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the purif ... | 1998 | 9716517 |
| can we get aids from mosquito bites? | human immunodeficiency virus, or hiv, is a human retrovirus that infects lymphocytes and other cells bearing the cd4 surface marker. the virus is transmitted primarily by sexual and parental routes. there are two ways blood feeding arthropods can spread disease, mechanically, by simple transfer of virus between hosts by contaminated mouth parts, or, biologically, which would require virus replication in arthropod tissues (especially salivary glands). there are some important factors which have p ... | 1999 | 10554479 |
| toward an understanding of the biochemical and pharmacological complexity of the saliva of a hematophagous sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis. | the saliva of blood-sucking arthropods contains powerful pharmacologically active substances and may be a vaccine target against some vector-borne diseases. subtractive cloning combined with biochemical approaches was used to discover activities in the salivary glands of the hematophagous fly lutzomyia longipalpis. sequences of nine full-length cdna clones were obtained, five of which are possibly associated with blood-meal acquisition, each having cdna similarity to: (i) the bed bug cimex lectu ... | 1999 | 10611354 |
| [what is your diagnosis? bedbug sting reaction caused by cimex lectularius (common bedbug)]. | 1999 | 10616300 | |
| cimex lectularius. what is this insect and how does it affect man? | cimex lectularius, the common bed bug, is a bloodsucking nocturnal parasite of man. other hosts for this bug include chickens, bats, and some domestic animals. cimex feeds by piercing the host with hollow tubes derived from the maxilla. saliva injected at the time of feeding is associated with local and sometimes widespread urticaria. this pest has become less important over the last half century with general improvements in household and personal cleanliness. | 1999 | 10673449 |
| millennium bed bug. | 1999 | 11075114 | |
| novel nitric oxide-liberating heme proteins from the saliva of bloodsucking insects. | the spectroscopic (uv-visible, ir, rr, mcd, mössbauer, epr), crystallographic, kinetic, and redox investigations that have been carried out on model hemes, hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome a3 of cytochrome oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, prostaglandin h synthase, cytochromes p450, chloroperoxidase, and so forth have shown us the unique properties of heme-no centers, as summarized above. however, in none of these cases is the fe(iii)no complex of any known physiological importance. the nitropho ... | 1999 | 10093938 |
| delayed-type hypersensitivity to phlebotomus papatasi sand fly bite: an adaptive response induced by the fly? | the saliva of bloodsucking arthropods contains a large array of pharmacologically active compounds that assist hematophagy. arthropod saliva is also responsible for causing uncomfortable allergic responses in its vertebrate hosts. in this article, we investigate whether the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi, known to produce a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) in humans, could benefit from, and possibly adaptively induce, this response in their vertebrate hosts. in this study, we show that ... | 2000 | 10841567 |
| the salivary apyrase of the blood-sucking sand fly phlebotomus papatasi belongs to the novel cimex family of apyrases. | apyrases are enzymes that hydrolyze nucleotide di- and triphosphates to orthophosphate and mononucleotides. at least two families of enzymes, belonging to the 5'-nucleotidase and to the actin/heat shock 70/sugar kinase superfamily, have evolved independently to serve the apyrase reaction. both families require either ca(2+) or mg(2+) for their action. a novel apyrase enzyme sequence, with no homology to any other known protein sequence, was found recently in the salivary glands of the hematophag ... | 2001 | 11136609 |
| stercorarial shedding and transtadial transmission of hepatitis b virus by common bed bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae). | transtadial persistence and stercorarial shedding of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in common bed bugs, cimex lectularius l., was studied by using experimental infectious blood feedings, infectious intrathoracic inoculations, and virus detection by polymerase chain reaction and southern hybridization. results showed that hbv persisted after an infectious blood meal in bed bug bodies for up to 35 d after the infectious blood meal. it was passed transtadially through one molt regardless of instar, was sh ... | 2001 | 11580042 |
| a simple method to identify triatomine (hemiptera: reduviidae) feces in sensing devices used in vector surveillance programs. | we successfully applied the phenolphthalin (kastle-meyer) test used in forensic chemistry to distinguish between feces from triatomines and other domestic arthropods in sensing devices used for vector surveillance. all black or dark brown, but not white or yellow, fecal smears from laboratory-reared or field-collected triatoma infestans klug, triatoma guasayana wydgozinsky & abalos, triatoma sordida ståhl (recently revalidated as triatoma garciabesi carcavallo, cichero, martínez, prosen & ronder ... | 2001 | 11296815 |
| traumatic insemination and sexual conflict in the bed bug cimex lectularius. | the bed bug, cimex lectularius, has a unique mode of copulation termed "traumatic" insemination [carayon, j. (1966) in monograph of the cimicidae, ed. usinger, r. (entomol. soc. am., philadelphia), pp. 81-167] during which the male pierces the female's abdominal wall with his external genitalia and inseminates into her body cavity [carayon, j. (1966) in monograph of the cimicidae, ed. usinger, r. (entomol. soc. am., philadelphia), pp. 81-167]. under controlled natural conditions, traumatic insem ... | 2001 | 11331783 |
| assessment of hepatitis b virus dna and hepatitis c virus rna in the common bedbug (cimex lectularius l.) and kissing bug (rodnius prolixus). | historical clinical studies suggest the potential for insect-borne transmission of human hepatitis viruses. studies of hepatitis b virus (hbv) persistence in insects were performed before the advent of molecular techniques, and studies to assess possible insect-borne transmission of hepatitis viruses have not yet been performed. the aim of this study was to determine, using molecular techniques, whether hbv and hepatitis c virus (hcv) persist in and are excreted in the feces of the bedbug cimex ... | 2001 | 11467652 |
| maintenance of a laboratory colony of cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae) using an artificial feeding technique. | the in vitro maintenance technique described in this article has been used successfully to rear cimex lectularius (l.) by feeding for >2 yr all nymphal stages and adults through parafilm "m" sealing film on different types of blood. using this feeding technique, the subsequent egg production of female bedbugs was remarkably high. the blood was maintained at 37 degrees c to enhance the attachment of the bugs. the effect of anticoagulation methods for the blood meal was investigated, and hepariniz ... | 2002 | 12144303 |
| widespread bullous eruption due to multiple bed bug bites. | 2002 | 11952681 | |
| cloning, expression, and functional characterization of a ca(2+)-dependent endoplasmic reticulum nucleoside diphosphatase. | we have isolated and characterized the cdna encoding a ca(2+)-dependent nucleoside diphosphatase (ec ) related to two secreted atp- and adp-hydrolyzing apyrases of the bloodsucking insects, cimex lectularius and phlebotomus papatasi. the rat brain-derived cdna has an open reading frame of 1209 bp encoding a protein of 403 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 45.7 kda. the mrna was expressed in all tissues investigated, revealing two major transcripts with varying preponderance. the imm ... | 2002 | 12167635 |
| household papular urticaria. | papular urticaria often occurs after bites of insects such as mosquitoes, sandflies, bed bugs and fleas. multiple bites and local pruritus are characteristic symptoms. treatment is usually symptomatic and includes antihistamines and corticosteroids. the reappearance of the symptoms can be prevented by successful control of the parasite. | 2002 | 12455178 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of a soluble calcium-activated nucleotidase, a human enzyme belonging to a new family of extracellular nucleotidases. | the salivary apyrases of blood-feeding arthropods are nucleotide-hydrolyzing enzymes implicated in the inhibition of host platelet aggregation through the hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine diphosphate. a human cdna homologous to the apyrase cdna of the blood-feeding bed bug was identified, revealing an open reading frame encoding a 371-amino acid protein. a cleavable signal peptide generates a secreted protein of 333 residues with a predicted core molecular mass of 37,193 da. expression in c ... | 2002 | 12234496 |
| bacterial expression and characterization of a novel, soluble, calcium-binding, and calcium-activated human nucleotidase. | a newly discovered human analogue of a bed bug apyrase, which we named hscan-1 for human soluble calcium-activated nucleotidase-1, was expressed in bacteria, refolded from inclusion bodies, purified, and characterized. this apyrase, which is distinct from the entpdases exemplified by the endothelial cd39 (ntpdase1) apyrase, is a 38 kda monomeric enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a variety of nucleoside di- and triphosphates, but not monophosphates. preferred substrates include gdp, udp, and idp, wit ... | 2003 | 12600208 |
| a matter of taste: direct detection of female mating status in the bedbug. | males of the bedbug, cimex lectularius, traumatically inseminate females by inserting a needle-like intromittent organ (penis) through the female's abdominal wall after she has fed. we demonstrate that: (i) mating duration determines ejaculate size; (ii) a female's first copulation in a bout of copulations always lasts longer than subsequent copulations; (iii) the intromittent organ bears sensillae; (iv) males use their intromittent organ to 'taste' whether their current mate has recently copula ... | 2003 | 12769466 |
| disseminated bullous eruption with systemic reaction caused by cimex lectularius. | bedbugs seem to have become more common due to international trade and travelling. we report on a 37-year-old man who developed a bullous reaction with fever and general malaise due to bites of the common bedbug, cimex lectularius. fortunately, bullous and systemic reactions are rare. | 2003 | 12834463 |
| ectoparasite associations of bats from central pennsylvania. | between april and october 1997, 689 bats representing seven species were captured at pennsylvania's canoe creek state park. each bat was sampled for ectoparasitic arthropods, and four species were collected from 13.2% of the host individuals. ectoparasites include the bat flea myodopsylla insignis (rothschild), the wing mite spinturnix americanus (banks), the bed bug cimex adjunctus barber, and the soft tick ornithodoros kelleyi cooley & kohls. prevalence, relative density, and mean intensity we ... | 2003 | 14765658 |
| an automated feeding apparatus for in vitro maintenance of the human head louse, pediculus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae). | an automated feeding apparatus was developed to maintain the human head louse (pediculus capitis degeer) in vitro. with the use of valves and timers, banked human blood and saline from refrigerated reservoirs were pumped into and flushed out of the system every 7 d. during this rotational interval, bloodmeals were provided to head lice continuously and ad libitum through a stretched nescofilm-silicone sandwich membrane. compared with our previous in vitro human head louse-rearing apparatus, grea ... | 2003 | 14765655 |
| reducing a cost of traumatic insemination: female bedbugs evolve a unique organ. | the frequent wounding of female bedbugs (cimex lectularius: cimicidae) during copulation has been shown to decrease their fitness, but how females have responded to this cost in evolutionary terms is unclear. the evolution of a unique anatomical structure found in female bedbugs, the spermalege, into which the male's intromittent organ passes during traumatic insemination, is a possible counteradaptation to harmful male traits. several functions have been proposed for this organ, and we test two ... | 2003 | 14667353 |
| costly traumatic insemination and a female counter-adaptation in bed bugs. | male bed bugs pierce females through the body wall and inseminate directly into the body cavity. it has previously been shown that such traumatic insemination carries costs for females, and sexual conflict regarding the mode of insemination should thus propel male-female coevolution. since males accumulate sexually antagonistic adaptations, females should evolve counter-adaptations that efficiently abate the costs to females of sexual interactions. yet, unambiguous experimental evidence for fema ... | 2003 | 14667354 |
| malaria control using deltamethrin impregnated bed nets in a cantonment area at allahabad (u. p.). | the study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of deltamethrin impregnated mosquito nets on malaria incidence, mosquito density, any adverse side effect among users and collateral effects on bed bugs and houseflies. a field trial was carried out over a period of three years in two adjacent military stations at allahabad (up), keeping one as a trial and other as a control station. during first year, baseline data were collected and during next two years residual spray was replaced with use of de ... | 2004 | 16509253 |
| using property based sequence motifs and 3d modeling to determine structure and functional regions of proteins. | homology modeling has become an essential tool for studying proteins that are targets for medical drug design. this paper describes the approach we developed that combines sequence decomposition techniques with distance geometry algorithms for homology modeling to determine functionally important regions of proteins. we show here the application of these techniques to targets of medical interest chosen from those included in the casp5 (critical assessment of techniques for protein structure pred ... | 2004 | 15032606 |
| phylogenetic characterization of wolbachia symbionts infecting cimex lectularius l. and oeciacus vicarius horvath (hemiptera: cimicidae). | wolbachia symbionts are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause host reproductive alterations in many arthropods and filarial nematodes. we identified wolbachia symbionts in the cliff swallow bug (oeciacus vicarious horvath) and the human bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) (hemiptera: cimicidae) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing using wolbachia-specific 16s rdna and ftsz primers. phylogenetic analyses using bayesian, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony algorith ... | 2004 | 15605657 |
| tick saliva is a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. | we report for the first time that saliva of the hard tick and lyme disease vector, ixodes scapularis, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. saliva (< or = 1:500 dilutions) or salivary gland (0.1-0.5 pairs/assay) dose-dependently inhibits microvascular endothelial cell (mvec) proliferation. inhibition was also detected with the saliva of the cattle tick boophilus microplus but not with the salivary gland of anopheles gambiae, an. stephensi, lutzomyia longipalpis, phlebotomus papatasi, aedes aegy ... | 2005 | 16113800 |
| heme-assisted s-nitrosation of a proximal thiolate in a nitric oxide transport protein. | certain bloodsucking insects deliver nitric oxide (no) while feeding, to induce vasodilation and inhibit blood coagulation. we have expressed, characterized, and determined the crystal structure of the cimex lectularius (bedbug) nitrophorin, the protein responsible for no storage and delivery, to understand how the insect successfully handles this reactive molecule. surprisingly, no binds not only to the ferric nitrophorin heme, but it can also be stored as an s-nitroso (sno) conjugate of the pr ... | 2005 | 15637157 |
| nitric oxide interaction with insect nitrophorins and thoughts on the electron configuration of the {feno}6 complex. | the nitrophorins are no-carrying heme proteins that are found in the saliva of two species of blood-sucking insects, the kissing bug (rhodnius prolixus) and the bedbug (cimex lectularius). in both insects the no is bound to the ferric form of the protein, which gives rise to kds in the micromolar to nanomolar range, and thus upon injection of the saliva into the tissues of the victim the no can dissociate to cause vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation. the structures of the protein ... | 2005 | 15598503 |
| systemic immediate allergic reactions to arthropod stings and bites. | most of the encounters with biting and stinging insects result in more or less pronounced localized reactions. typically, urticarial wheals and papular reactions are observed. less often local bullous or hemorrhagic or disseminated papular reactions, particularly in children and immunologically naive adults, may be seen. with the exception of bee and wasp venom allergies, immediate-type allergic reactions to arthropod stings and bites are rare. systemic ige-mediated hypersensitivity has also bee ... | 2005 | 15724094 |
| bed bug infestations in an urban environment. | until recently, bed bugs have been considered uncommon in the industrialized world. this study determined the extent of reemerging bed bug infestations in homeless shelters and other locations in toronto, canada. toronto public health documented complaints of bed bug infestations from 46 locations in 2003, most commonly apartments (63%), shelters (15%), and rooming houses (11%). pest control operators in toronto (n = 34) reported treating bed bug infestations at 847 locations in 2003, most commo ... | 2005 | 15829190 |
| the return of the common bedbug. | the incidence of skin disease secondary to infestation with the human bedbug, cimex lectularius, has increased dramatically in the united states and in the united kingdom. we describe a child with a recurrent pruritic eruption of urticarial, erythematous papules on the face, neck, and extremities. the etiology of her cutaneous lesions was discovered to be a bedbug infestation in the home. the epidemiology, entomology, presentation, and treatment of bedbugs and their bites are discussed. | 2005 | 15916561 |
| good night, sleep tight, don't let the bed bugs bite. | 2005 | 16282016 | |
| patients with papular urticaria have igg antibodies to bedbug (cimex lectularius) antigens. | igg and ige against salivary gland proteins of bedbug (cimex lectularius) were assessed in comparison with mosquito (culex pipiens) and flea (pulex irritans) antigens in the sera of papular urticaria patients (group i), siblings without papular urticaria (group iia), patients' parents (group iib), and healthy controls (group iii) (immunoblotting). anti-c. lectularius igg was significantly recognized at 66 and 10 kda in 40% of group i, besides others ranging from 45 to 107 kda. group iia signific ... | 2006 | 16425065 |
| bullous allergic hypersensitivity to bed bug bites mediated by ige against salivary nitrophorin. | in central europe, bites from the common bed bug (cimex lectularius) are nowadays rather uncommon. nevertheless, infestations are sometimes observed in old framehouses and by immigration due to international travel and migration. the clinical picture of bug bites substantially varies between individuals, depending upon previous exposure and the degree of an immune response. the host immune response and potential protein antigens present in the saliva of c. lectularius or specific antibodies have ... | 2006 | 16417223 |
| laboratory evaluations of insecticide product efficacy for control of cimex lectularius. | a susceptible, laboratory strain of bed bug, cimex lectularius l., was used to determine the efficacy of insecticide products labeled or possessing a site label for bed bug control. field strain bed bugs also were used to evaluate one insecticide product. the lethal time (lt),, values calculated for the laboratory strain bed bugs indicated that all of the pyrethroid products killed significantly faster than chlorfenapyr (0.5% [ail; phantom: basf; lt50 = 10 d and 9 h). lamda-cyhalothrin (0.03%; d ... | 2006 | 17195676 |
| trauma, disease and collateral damage: conflict in cimicids. | the bed bugs and bat bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae) are unusual in being a gonochorist (separate male and female genders) taxon with obligate traumatic insemination. males of all the species in this family have a lanceolate paramere (intromittent organ) which they use to pierce the female's body wall and inseminate directly into her haemocoel, despite the presence of a functional female genital tract. mating is tightly linked to the feeding cycle in cimex lectularius, the common bed bug. in this pa ... | 2006 | 16612886 |
| encasing mattresses in black plastic will not provide thermal control of bed bugs, cimex spp. (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the suggestion that bed bug (cimex spp.; hemiptera: cimicidae)-infested mattresses wrapped in black plastic and exposed to sunlight will be heated sufficiently to kill the bed bugs was tested. two types of mattresses were tested: a thin mattress of solid foam rubber and a thick multilayered inner spring mattress. temperature probes were placed on both upper and lower sides of the mattresses, which were wrapped in black plastic and placed outside on a summer day for >9 h wherein the ambient tempe ... | 2006 | 17195683 |
| wolbachia infections in the cimicidae: museum specimens as an untapped resource for endosymbiont surveys. | wolbachia spp. are obligate maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infect diverse arthropods and filarial nematodes. previous microscopic and molecular studies have identified wolbachia in several bed bug species (cimicidae), but little is known about how widespread wolbachia infections are among the cimicidae. because cimicids of non-medical importance are not commonly collected, we hypothesized that preserved museum specimens could be assayed for wolbachia infections. for the screeni ... | 2006 | 16672453 |
| geographic distribution of wolbachia infections in cimex lectularius (heteroptera: cimicidae). | endosymbiotic wolbachia bacteria have been previously shown to infect laboratory colonies of the human bed bug, cimex lectularius l. (heteroptera: cimicidae), but little information exists regarding the extent of infection in natural populations. we assayed c. lectularius populations from five north american regions (california, connecticut, florida, new york, and toronto, canada) and one african region (macha, zambia) for wolbachia infection by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). wolbachia inf ... | 2006 | 16892626 |
| wash resistance and bioefficacy of olyset net--a long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito net against malaria vectors and nontarget household pests. | during recent years, long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) have been developed to overcome the problems of low retreatment rates, washing, and erratic dose of the insecticide resulting in the dilution of efficacy of the conventional insecticide-treated mosquito nets. these nets are treated at factory level with insecticide either incorporated into or coated around fibers. olyset net, a polyethylene net with 2% permethrin incorporated within fibers, is one type of llin. therefore, these n ... | 2006 | 17017224 |
| notes on some ectoparasites received by the medical entomology unit, institute for medical research. | there were a spate of recent complaints of insect bites and the entomological specimens received from various sources were identified to be those of cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) and rat flea (xenopsylla cheopis), the tropical bed-bug (cimex hemipterus) and the dog louse (heterodoxus spiniger). only the fleas and the bed-bug are known to attack humans. | 2006 | 17041562 |
| arthropod-borne diseases in homeless. | homeless people are particularly exposed to ectoparasite. the living conditions and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. body lice have long been recognized as human parasites and although typically prevalent in rural communities in upland areas of countries close to the equator, it is now increasingly encountered in developed countries especially in homeless people or inner city economically deprived population. fleas are widespread but ... | 2006 | 17114713 |
| biology of the bed bugs (cimicidae). | the cimicids, or bed bugs, belong to a highly specialized hematophagous taxon that parasitizes primarily humans, birds, and bats. their best-known member is the bed bug, cimex lectularius. this group demonstrates some bizarre but evolutionarily important biology. all members of the family cimicidae show traumatic insemination and a suite of female adaptations to this male trait. cimicids therefore constitute an ideal model system for examining the extreme causes and consequences of sexual select ... | 2007 | 16968204 |
| resistance to dehydration between bouts of blood feeding in the bed bug, cimex lectularius, is enhanced by water conservation, aggregation, and quiescence. | to determine how the bed bug, cimex lectularius, survives in a dry environment for many months without feeding, water-balance characteristics were compared for all stages from first-instar nymphs to adults. this species is characterized by a low net transpiration rate averaging < 0.2%/h, high tolerance for dehydration (30-40% loss in body water), and an impermeable cuticle as indicated by a high critical transition temperature (ctt) in the 35-40 degrees c range, implying that this insect is adap ... | 2007 | 17488928 |
| insecticide resistance in the bed bug: a factor in the pest's sudden resurgence? | infestations of the bed bug, cimex lectularius l. (heteroptera: cimicidae), are increasing around the world at an alarming rate and have become a major public health concern. the evolution of insecticide resistance could be a primary factor in explaining this resurgence. extremely high levels of resistance to two pyrethroid insecticides, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, relative to a susceptible colony, were detected in populations collected from human dwellings in kentucky and ohio. offspri ... | 2007 | 17427684 |
| estimating the mean abundance and feeding rate of a temporal ectoparasite in the wild: afrocimex constrictus (heteroptera: cimicidae). | the feeding frequency of blood-feeding invertebrates in the wild is largely unknown but is an important predictor for the potential of disease transmission and for estimating the effects blood feeding may have on the host population. we present a method to estimate the mean feeding frequency per individual parasite from the frequency distribution of fed and unfed individuals in the wild. we used three populations of the cimicid species, afrocimex constrictus, that parasitises the fruit bat rouse ... | 2007 | 17362962 |
| bedbug infestations recorded in central italy. | in summer 2003 two separate infestations due to the common bedbug (cimex lectularius) occurred in pisa, italy. cutaneous reaction was evident and one patient developed a severe bullous eruption. in both cases there was circumstantial evidence for association with international travel. | 2007 | 17258934 |
| bed bug re-emergence--what you should know. | 2008 | 18634233 | |
| biochemical and molecular analysis of deltamethrin resistance in the common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | this study establishes deltamethrin resistance in a common bed bug, cimex lectularius l., population collected from new york city (ny-bb). the ny-bb population was 264-fold more resistant to 1% deltamethrin in contact bioassay compared with an insecticide-susceptible population collected in florida (fl-bb). general esterase, glutathione s-transferase, and 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase activities of ny-bb were not statistically different from those of fl-bb. cdna fragments that encoded the open r ... | 2008 | 19058634 |
| reemergence of the bedbug cimex lectularius in seoul, korea. | a healthy 30-yr-old woman carrying an insect that had been caught in her living room visited the international clinic at severance hospital, seoul, in december 2007. the insect she brought was identified to be a nymph of a bedbug, cimex lectularius, and her skin rashes looked typical bedbug's bites. her apartment was investigated, and a dead body of a bedbug, cast skins, and hatched eggs were found in her rooms and neighbors' rooms in the same building. she was living in that apartment in seoul ... | 2008 | 19127335 |
| temporary feeding inhibition caused by artificial abdominal distension in the bedbug, cimex lectularius. | abdominal distension of haematophagous insects caused by ingested blood has been recognised as an important contributor to triggering meal termination, feeding inhibition and further susceptibility to host signals. factors that regulate feeding behaviour of the common bedbug, cimex lectularius, are poorly understood. by injecting air directly into the body cavity of virgin female c. lectularius we artificially induced abdominal distension without providing chemical cues of the blood meal and wit ... | 2008 | 18639554 |
| ability of bed bug-detecting canines to locate live bed bugs and viable bed bug eggs. | the bed bug, cimex lectularius l., like other bed bug species, is difficult to visually locate because it is cryptic. detector dogs are useful for locating bed bugs because they use olfaction rather than vision. dogs were trained to detect the bed bug (as few as one adult male or female) and viable bed bug eggs (five, collected 5-6 d after feeding) by using a modified food and verbal reward system. their efficacy was tested with bed bugs and viable bed bug eggs placed in vented polyvinyl chlorid ... | 2008 | 18767752 |
| who knows the bed bug? knowledge of adult bed bug appearance increases with people's age in three counties of great britain. | the current reemergence of bed bugs in the western world has a multitude of causes. one of them may be low early detection rate of emerging infestations because of a current poor knowledge among the population of what bed bugs look like. in a survey conducted in three counties of the united kingdom, 10% of 358 individuals recognized the bed bug when presented with a live adult. older people were more likely to correctly identify the bed bug. if an increasing knowledge of the bed bug appearance f ... | 2008 | 18826041 |
| engineered human soluble calcium-activated nucleotidase inhibits coagulation in vitro and thrombosis in vivo. | human soluble calcium-activated nucleotidase (human scan) is a homologue of the salivary anti-coagulant apyrases injected by insects into their hosts to allow blood feeding. however, the human enzyme, unlike its insect counterparts, does not efficiently hydrolyze the platelet agonist, adp. by site-directed mutagenesis, two mutant human scans were constructed and expressed in bacteria. following refolding from inclusion bodies and purification, these enzymes were assessed for anti-coagulant and a ... | 2008 | 18222531 |
| mitochondrial and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 diversity of cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | understanding genetic variation among populations of medically significant pest insects is important in studying insecticide resistance and insect dispersal. the bed bug, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae), is widespread hematophagus insect pest around the world, including north america, and it has recently been identified as an emerging resurgent pest. to date, no studies have been conducted on genetic variation of this species. for this study, 136 adult bed bugs representing 22 sample ... | 2008 | 18402138 |
| identification of the airborne aggregation pheromone of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | adults and juveniles of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae), return to and aggregate in harborages after foraging for hosts. we tested the hypothesis that the aggregation is mediated, in part, by an airborne aggregation pheromone. volatiles from experimental c. lectularius harborages were captured on porapak q, fractionated by liquid chromatography, and bioassayed in dual-choice, still-air olfactometer experiments. of 14 compounds with >100 pg abundance in gas chromat ... | 2008 | 18470566 |
| a case of imported bedbug (cimex lectularius) infestation in israel. | 2008 | 18605368 | |
| rapid rise in bed bug populations: the need to include them in the differential diagnosis of mysterious skin rashes. | 2008 | 18622343 | |
| ban bed bugs. how to prevent and identify infestations. | 2008 | 18524361 | |
| [not available]. | 2008 | 18104260 | |
| [criteria for assessing the relative and specific activity of insecticides]. | relative activity of chemicals and their specific activity coefficients are suggested as the criteria for comparative assessment of insecticidal properties of substances. values of the afore-mentioned parameters of 34 chemicals compared to a standard are presented for 3 insect species: red cockroaches, house flies and bed-bugs. | 2009 | 2710041 |
| . . . and bed bugs on the rise. | 2009 | 19530264 | |
| bed bugs, leeches and hookworm larvae in the skin. | bed bugs, leeches, and hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans are skin infestations that are usually considered of minor importance because they produce discomfort rather than cause or transmit disease. bed bugs have been increasing tremendously in high-income countries in recent years, causing distress to affected individuals and economic loss. infestation by land leeches causes mainly unpleasant skin reactions, whereas infestation by aquatic leeches may be more dangerous, leading to anemia a ... | 2009 | 19362691 |
| jama patient page. bed bugs. | 2009 | 19336718 | |
| bed bugs: a new morning for the nighttime pests. | 2009 | 19231644 | |
| bed bugs (cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites. | bed bug (cimex lectularius) infestations are rapidly increasing worldwide. health consequences include nuisance biting and cutaneous and systemic reactions. the potential for bed bugs to serve as disease vectors and optimal methods for bed bug pest control and eradication are unclear. | 2009 | 19336711 |
| evaluation of piperonyl butoxide as a deltamethrin synergist for pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs. | an understanding of the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the bed bug, cimex lectularius l., has the potential to lead to new approaches for the control of resistant populations. we used the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (p450) inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (pbo) to assess the role of p450s in deltamethrin resistance in three field-collected bed bug strains, la-1, cin-1 and wor-1. in addition, we exposed two highly resistant strains, cin-1 and wor-1 (resistance ratio [rr] >2,500-fold), to d ... | 2009 | 20069862 |
| insecticides susceptibility status of the bedbugs (cimex lectularius) in a rural area of magugu, northern tanzania. | the recent spread of bedbugs, cimex lectularius l. (heteroptera: cimicidae), has received attention of the public health sector for designing of effective plan of action for control. several studies have focused on determining the distribution and abundance of bedbug populations in tropical areas. this study establishes baseline information on deltamethrin, permethrin, alphacypermethrin, lambdacypermethrin and k-o tab susceptibility status in a bedbug population collected from magugu area in nor ... | 2009 | 20300399 |