Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| reduction of female copulatory damage by resilin represents evidence for tolerance in sexual conflict. | intergenomic evolutionary conflicts increase biological diversity. in sexual conflict, female defence against males is generally assumed to be resistance, which, however, often leads to trait exaggeration but not diversification. here, we address whether tolerance, a female defence mechanism known from interspecific conflicts, exists in sexual conflict. we examined the traumatic insemination of female bed bugs via cuticle penetration by males, a textbook example of sexual conflict. confocal lase ... | 2015 | 25673297 |
| outbreeding effects in an inbreeding insect, cimex lectularius. | in some species, populations with few founding individuals can be resilient to extreme inbreeding. inbreeding seems to be the norm in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius, a flightless insect that, nevertheless, can reach large deme sizes and persist successfully. however, bed bugs can also be dispersed passively by humans, exposing inbred populations to gene flow from genetically distant populations. the introduction of genetic variation through this outbreeding could lead to increased fitness ... | 2015 | 25691967 |
| role of vision and mechanoreception in bed bug, cimex lectularius l. behavior. | the role of olfactory cues such as carbon dioxide, pheromones, and kairomones in bed bug, cimex lectularius l. behavior has been demonstrated. however, the role of vision and mechanoreception in bed bug behavior is poorly understood. we investigated bed bug vision by determining their responses to different colors, vertical objects, and their ability to detect colors and vertical objects under low and complete dark conditions. results show black and red paper harborages are preferred compared to ... | 2015 | 25748041 |
| correction: the odorant receptor co-receptor from the bed bug, cimex lectularius l. | 2015 | 25807294 | |
| evaluating the inverse reasoning account of object discovery. | people routinely make inferences about unobserved objects. a hotel guest with welts on his arms, for example, will often worry about bed bugs. the discovery of unobserved objects almost always involves a backward inference from some observed effects (e.g., welts) to unobserved causes (e.g., bed bugs). the inverse reasoning account, which is typically formalized as bayesian inference, posits that the strength of a backward inference is closely connected to the strength of the corresponding forwar ... | 2015 | 25824861 |
| bed bug dermatitis, description of two cases in rio de janeiro, brazil. | bed bugs are hematophagous insects which due to their morphological and biological characteristics are able to easily adapt themselves to human households. the authors describe two cases of dermatitis caused by bed bug bites in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. patients presented linear lesions in the usual "breakfast, lunch and dinner" arrangement, suggesting this diagnosis. a visit to their dwellings showed infestation of insects identified as cimex hemipterus. the knowledge of these insects ... | 2015 | 25830996 |
| reproduction barrier between two lineages of bed bug (cimex lectularius) (heteroptera: cimicidae). | populations of bed bugs, cimex lectularius, have increased in recent years spreading into numerous urban areas across the western world and making them an increasingly important pest of the twenty-first century. research into hybridization within and between different lineages of bed bugs can help us to understand processes of micro- and macro-evolution in these ectoparasites and may inform the control of this pest species. hybridization experiments between two host lineages of bed bug (c. lectu ... | 2015 | 25952703 |
| mortality, temporary sterilization, and maternal effects of sublethal heat in bed bugs. | adult bed bugs were exposed to the sublethal temperatures 34.0°c, 35.5°c, 37.0°c, 38.5°c, or 40.0°c for 3, 6, or 9 days. the two uppermost temperatures induced 100% mortality within 9 and 2 days, respectively, whereas 34.0°c had no observable effect. the intermediate temperatures interacted with time to induce a limited level of mortality but had distinct effects on fecundity, reflected by decreases in the number of eggs produced and hatching success. adult fecundity remained low for up to 40 da ... | 2015 | 25996999 |
| competence of cimex lectularius bed bugs for the transmission of bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever. | bartonella quintana, the etiologic agent of trench fever and other human diseases, is transmitted by the feces of body lice. recently, this bacterium has been detected in other arthropod families such as bed bugs, which begs the question of their involvement in b. quintana transmission. although several infectious pathogens have been reported and are suggested to be transmitted by bed bugs, the evidence regarding their competence as vectors is unclear. | 2015 | 26000974 |
| [what's new in pediatric dermatology]. | progress in paediatric dermatology is achieved in both research and therapeutic fields. in infectiology, scabies and bed bugs are a scourge for dermatologists, with an important recent outbreak. this article describes the fundamental clinical signs to look for, when suspecting such diagnosis. hair dermatoscopy seems to be also very precious as a new tool for the diagnosis of ringworm. regarding eczemas, atopic dermatitis is supported by s. aureus's skin colonization, the target of eradication of ... | 2015 | 26021137 |
| insecticide resistance in the bed bug comes with a cost. | adaptation to new environmental stress is often associated with an alteration of one or more life history parameters. insecticide resistant populations of insects often have reduced fitness relative to susceptible populations in insecticide free environments. our previous work showed that three populations of bed bugs, cimex lectularius l., evolved significantly increased levels of resistance to one product containing both β-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid insecticides with only one generation of se ... | 2015 | 26039510 |
| correction: competence of cimex lectularius bed bugs for the transmission of bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever. | 2015 | 26075401 | |
| a review of data on laboratory colonies of bed bugs (cimicidae), an insect of emerging medical relevance. | cimicidae are hematophagous heteroptera, feeding on human blood, that have been the subject of significant medical investigation. in particular, they have been colonized under laboratory conditions to study their medical relevance. laboratory colonization of these bugs is a multifactorial phenomenon. our goal was to conduct a comparative literature review to classify the published data, demonstrating preferred bed bug colony conditions. we show that physical factors including temperature, relati ... | 2015 | 26091944 |
| oral steroids for dermatitis. | contact/allergic dermatitis is frequently treated inappropriately with lower-than-recommended doses or inadequate duration of treatment with oral and intramuscular glucocorticoids. this article highlights a case of dermatitis in a ranger assessment and selection program student who was improperly treated over 2 weeks with oral steroids after being bit by cimex lectularius, commonly known as bed bugs. the article also highlights the pitfalls of improper oral steroid dosing and provides reasoning ... | 2015 | 26125159 |
| spatial genetic structure and restricted gene flow in bed bugs (cimex lectularius) populations in france. | bed bugs (cimex lectularius) are resurgent blood-sucking ectoparasites that are currently increasing at a rapid rate, particularly in industrialized countries, such as france. despite the rapid spread of bed bugs, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the population structure and gene flow among c. lectularius populations in france. to fill this gap, a genetic study was conducted using 183 c. lectularius from 14 populations of bed bugs collected in a hotel and in individual apartments in the f ... | 2015 | 26140960 |
| larvicidal, insecticidal, brine shrimp cytotoxicity and anti-oxidant activities of diospyros kaki (l.) reported from pakistan. | diospyros kaki is cultivated in different agro-ecological zones of pakistan, especially in malakand division. the current study was designed to investigate the hide potential of the vulnerable species of the plant. aqueous extracts of diospyros kaki leaves were screened for larvicidal, insecticidal cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. the extract exhibited moderate to outstanding larvicidal activity (100 to 28%) at 100, 80, 70, 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10% concentrations respectively after 24 hours, ... | 2015 | 26142513 |
| questing activity in bed bug populations: male and female responses to host signals. | a large-arena bioassay is used to examine sex differences in spatiotemporal patterns of bed bug cimex lectularius l. behavioural responses to either a human host or co2 gas. after release in the centre of the arena, 90% of newly-fed bed bugs move to hiding places in the corners within 24 h. they require 3 days to settle down completely in the arena, with generally low activity levels and the absence of responses to human stimuli for 5 days. after 8-9 days, persistent responses can be recorded. s ... | 2014 | 26166936 |
| introducing law students to public health law through a bed bug scenario. | as the scientific evidence emerges, individuals and institutions faced with bed bug infestations find themselves without the legal protections that are available against legally recognized nuisances and threats to the public's health, such as rats or mosquitos. as a result, they are a good example of how individuals, institutions and municipalities struggle to use the patchwork of public and private legal remedies that are often inadequate to face an emerging threat. this unit is designed to hel ... | 2015 | 26243066 |
| using research and education to implement practical bed bug control programs in multifamily housing. | multifamily housing facilities serving low-income populations have been at the forefront of bed bug outbreaks. research conducted in the past 8 years has consistently proven that integrated pest management (ipm) is the best approach for successful suppression of bed bug infestations. bed bug ipm in multifamily settings is especially dependent upon a collaborative community or building-wide effort involving residents, building staff and pest control technicians. other components of a bed bug ipm ... | 2016 | 26251256 |
| the mental health impact of bed bug infestations: a scoping review. | we conducted a scoping review to identify and summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the mental health effects associated with bed bugs. | 2015 | 26298442 |
| a 29-year-old man with nonproductive cough, exertional dyspnea, and chest discomfort. | a 29-year-old man presented with a 5-month history of worsening dry cough, exertional dyspnea, chest tightness, and palpitations. he had been treated by his primary care physician with trials of guaifenesin/codeine, azithromycin, albuterol, and omeprazole without improvement. he denied wheezing, fever, sweats, anorexia, joint pain, swelling, or rash. he had no past medical history. he denied a history of tobacco smoking or iv drug use. he kept no pets, worked as a manager in an office environmen ... | 2015 | 26324141 |
| sperm metabolism is altered during storage by female insects: evidence from two-photon autofluorescence lifetime measurements in bedbugs. | we explore the possibility of characterizing sperm cells without the need to stain them using spectral and fluorescence lifetime analyses after multi-photon excitation in an insect model. the autofluorescence emission spectrum of sperm of the common bedbug, cimex lectularius, was consistent with the presence of flavins and nad(p)h. the mean fluorescence lifetimes showed smaller variation in sperm extracted from the male (tau m, τm = 1.54-1.84 ns) than in that extracted from the female sperm stor ... | 2015 | 26333813 |
| climbing ability of the common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | little is known about what factors influence the climbing ability of bed bugs, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae), in relation to the various surfaces they encounter. we examined how sex, time since last fed, and what surfaces the bed bugs were in contact with affected their climbing performance. the effects of sex and time since fed were tested by counting the number of bed bugs able to climb a 45° slope. the pulling force was recorded using an analytical balance technique that capture ... | 2015 | 26334801 |
| sublethal effects of activeguard exposure on feeding behavior and fecundity of the bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | sublethal exposure to pesticides can alter insect behavior with potential for population-level consequences. we investigated sublethal effects of activeguard, a permethrin-impregnated fabric, on feeding behavior and fecundity of bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.) from five populations that ranged from susceptible to highly pyrethroid resistant. after exposure to activeguard fabric or untreated fabric for 1 or 10 min, adult virgin female bed bugs were individually observed when offered a blood meal ... | 2015 | 26334815 |
| a high-performance vacuum cleaner for bed bug sampling: a useful tool for medical entomology. | arthropods can be captured by two modes: a passive mode using traps or an active mode mainly based on the use of mouth or powered aspirators. these apparatuses are useful tools for collecting large numbers of crawling, flying, resting, or jumping arthropod specimens, particularly small specimens, such as mosquitoes or sandflies, for laboratory experiments or breeding. different aspirator models are used to collect various arthropod specimens. however, to our knowledge, no specific system is curr ... | 2015 | 26334829 |
| genetic variability and geographic diversity of the common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae) populations from the midwest using microsatellite markers. | with the recent global resurgence of the bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.), there is a need to better understand its biology, ecology, and ability to establish populations. bed bugs are domestic pests that feed mainly on mammalian blood. although bed bugs have not been implicated as vectors of pathogens, their biting activity inflicts severe insomnia and allergic reactions. moreover, they have recently developed resistance to various insecticides, which requires further molecular research to deter ... | 2015 | 26335463 |
| extensive mitochondrial heteroplasmy in natural populations of a resurging human pest, the bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | homoplasmy, the occurrence of a single mitochondrial dna haplotype within an individual, has been the accepted condition across most organisms in the animal kingdom. in recent years, a number of exceptions to this rule have been reported, largely due to the ease with which single nucleotide polymorphisms can be detected. evidence of heteroplasmy-two or more mitochondrial variants within a single individual-has now been documented in a number of invertebrates; however, when present, heteroplasmy ... | 2015 | 26335484 |
| quantitative sequencing for the determination of kdr-type resistance allele (v419l, l925i, i936f) frequencies in common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae) populations collected from israel. | human bed bug infestations have dramatically increased worldwide since the mid-1990s. a similar phenomenon was also observed in israel since 2005, when infestations were reported from all over the country. two single nucleotide polymorphisms (v419l and l925i) in the bed bug voltage-sensitive sodium channel confer kdr-type resistance to pyrethroids. using quantitative sequencing (qs), the resistance allele frequencies of israeli bed bug populations from across the country were determined. genomic ... | 2015 | 26336243 |
| status of urban bed bug infestations in southern china: an analysis of pest control service records in shenzhen in 2012 and dongguan in 2013. | the recent resurgence of bed bugs (cimex spp.) in many developed countries has drawn increasing attention worldwide. the status of urban bed bug infestations were investigated in shenzhen and dongguan, two major cities in southern guangdong province of southern china, based on pest control service records from two different companies (one during 2012 and another during 2013). the results showed that shenzhen and dongguan have a severe problem with bed bug infestations: the control of bed bugs is ... | 2015 | 26336282 |
| evaluation of four bed bug traps for surveillance of the brown dog tick (acari: ixodidae). | the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latrielle), can be a serious residential pest due to its unique ability, among ticks, to complete its lifecycle indoors. a single engorged and fertilized female tick can oviposit around 4,000 eggs, allowing indoor establishment to be rapid and easy to miss in early-stage infestations. acaricide treatment is currently the primary method of control, but can be costly and can lead to the development of acaricide resistance in tick populations. traps of ... | 2015 | 26336310 |
| mark-release-recapture reveals extensive movement of bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.) within and between apartments. | understanding movement and dispersal of the common bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) under field conditions is important in the control of infestations and for managing the spread of bed bugs to new locations. we investigated bed bug movement within and between apartments using mark-release-recapture (m-r-r) technique combined with apartment-wide monitoring using pitfall-style interceptors. bed bugs were collected, marked, and released in six apartments. the distribution of marked and unmarked bed ... | 2015 | 26352145 |
| prevalence, knowledge, and concern about bed bugs. | recent research suggests that the resurgence of bed bugs in the u.s. has occurred at an alarming rate. assumptions have been made that socioeconomic status is not associated with the prevalence of bed bug infestations. little information is available at the local level, however, about the prevalence of bed bugs in private homes. the authors' pilot study aimed to identify prevalence, knowledge, and concern about bed bugs in one higher income village in ohio utilizing survey methodology. responses ... | 2015 | 26427264 |
| effectiveness of a reduced-risk insecticide based bed bug management program in low-income housing. | bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) infestations are becoming increasingly common in low-income communities. once they are introduced, elimination is very difficult. as part of the efforts to develop effective and safe bed bug management programs, we conducted a laboratory study evaluating the efficacy of a reduced-risk insecticide-alpine aerosol (0.5% dinotefuran). we then conducted a field evaluation of a reduced-risk insecticide based integrated pest management (ipm) program in low-income family a ... | 2013 | 26462533 |
| efficacy of an essential oil-based pesticide for controlling bed bug (cimex lectularius) infestations in apartment buildings. | bed bugs (cimex lectularius l. and cimex hemipterus f.) are among the most difficult urban pests to manage. many essential oil-based bed bug control products that are considered reduced risk to mammals compared to synthetic insect neurotoxins have become commercially available, but their effectiveness as a stand-alone control method is unknown. this study assessed the field efficacy of an essential oil-based bed bug control product (ecoraider; a.i. 1% geraniol + 1% cedar oil + 2% sodium lauryl s ... | 2014 | 26462944 |
| long-term efficacy of various natural or "green" insecticides against bed bugs: a double-blind study. | bed bugs are resurging throughout the world, and, thus, effective pest control strategies are constantly needed. a few studies have evaluated 25(b) and other natural, or so-called "green" products, as well as over-the-counter insecticides for bed bugs, but additional studies are needed to determine efficacy of bed bug control products. this double-blinded research project was initiated to examine long-term effectiveness of six commercially available natural or "green" insecticides against bed bu ... | 2014 | 26462950 |
| effects of starvation on deltamethrin tolerance in bed bugs, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae). | bed bugs, cimex lectularius l., are a major pest in the urban environment. their presence often results in physical, psychological, and financial distress of homeowners and apartment dwellers. although many insecticide bioassays have been performed on this pest, little attention has been paid to bed bug feeding status, which is closely linked to metabolism, molting, and mass. therefore, we evaluated the toxicity of topically applied deltamethrin on insecticide susceptible adult male bed bugs fed ... | 2015 | 26463068 |
| insecticide resistance in eggs and first instars of the bed bug, cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | two strains of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l., eggs and first instars collected from pyrethroid-resistant adults were evaluated for insecticide resistance and compared to a susceptible strain. dose-response bioassays were conducted using two insecticide formulations (temprid: imidacloprid/β-cyfluthrin, and transport: acetamiprid/ bifenthrin). the lethal concentration (lc50) for the two resistant egg strains exposed to imidacloprid/β-cyfluthrin ranged from 3 to 5-fold higher than suscep ... | 2015 | 26463070 |
| field study of the comparative efficacy of three pyrethroid/neonicotinoid mixture products for the control of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | three insecticide mixtures that contain two classes of insecticides (pyrethroid and neonicotinoid) were recently developed to control bed bugs. we evaluated three integrated bed bug management strategies in apartments, each using the same non-chemical control methods and one of the three insecticide mixture products: tandem (lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam), temprid sc (beta-cyfluthrin + imidacloprid), and transport mikron (bifenthrin + acetamiprid). no insecticides were applied in the control ... | 2015 | 26463075 |
| the influence of roughness and pyrethroid formulations on bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) resting preferences. | two-choice tests were conducted to examine the effect of surface roughness on the resting preference of bed bugs, cimex lectularius l., on copper, basswood, and acrylic materials. the influence of pyrethroid formulation applications on resting preferences was also evaluated. bed bugs were given the choice of resting between two sanded halves of each material tested. one half was sanded with a p60 grit sandpaper and the other with a less rough p600 grit sandpaper. a significantly higher proportio ... | 2015 | 26463196 |
| behavioral responses of the bed bug to permethrin-impregnated activeguard™ fabric. | activeguard™ mattress liners have been used to control house dust mites, and they also are commercially available as an integrated pest management tool for use against bed bugs (cimex lectularius). the aim of our study was to evaluate responses of numerous populations of the bed bug to the permethrin-impregnated fabric, with particular regard to contact toxicity, repellency, and feeding inhibition. continuous exposure to activeguard fabric resulted in rapid intoxication for three of four populat ... | 2013 | 26464388 |
| evaluation of blood regimen on the survival of cimex lectularius l. using life table parameters. | knowledge of bed bug development under varying conditions can lead to more sophisticated management techniques. development rate, age and stage-specific life tables were compared for a laboratory strain (hs) and field strain (ecl-05) of bed bug cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: heteroptera) reared on two blood regimens: human or rabbit blood. harlan and ecl-05 bed bugs reared on human blood had a life expectancy of 207 and 208 days respectively from the egg stage. egg to adult development of hs b ... | 2013 | 26464390 |
| comparison of three bed bug management strategies in a low-income apartment building. | bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) infestations are currently controlled by a variety of non-chemical and chemical methods. there have been few studies on the comparative effectiveness of these control techniques. we evaluated three bed bug management strategies in an apartment building: (1) non-chemical methods only (n = 9); (2) insecticides only (n = 6); and (3) integrated pest management including both non-chemical methods and insecticides (n = 9). the apartments were one-bedroom units occupied b ... | 2012 | 26466533 |
| bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) population composition as determined by baited traps. | two established field populations of bed bugs were sampled using host-mimicking traps baited with a combination of co2, heat and a synthetic kairomone. the proportion of first instar nymphs (between 52% and 78% of all captured insects) was significantly higher than reported in previous studies, which had employed different sampling methods. the proportion of adults was correspondingly much lower than previously reported, between 5% and 7% of total capture. as many as 120 bed bugs were captured i ... | 2012 | 26466537 |
| diffusion rates and dispersal patterns of unfed versus recently fed bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.). | bed bug problems have been increasing since the 1980s, and accordingly, there have been intensive efforts to better understand their biology and behavior for control purposes. understanding bed bug diffusion rates and dispersal patterns from one site to another (or lack thereof) is a key component in prevention and control campaigns. this study analyzed diffusion rates and dispersal patterns in a population of bed bugs, recently fed and unfed, in both one-dimensional and two-dimensional settings ... | 2015 | 26466900 |
| host-seeking behavior in the bed bug, cimex lectularius. | the reemergence of the bed bug, cimex lectularius linnaeus, has recently spawned a frenzy of public, media, and academic attention. in response to the growing rate of infestation, considerable work has been focused on identifying the various host cues utilized by the bed bug in search of a meal. most of these behavioral studies examine movement within a confined environment, such as a petri dish. this has prevented a more complete understanding of the insect's host-seeking process. this work des ... | 2011 | 26467497 |
| metabolic resistance in bed bugs. | blood-feeding insects have evolved resistance to various insecticides (organochlorines, pyrethroids, carbamates, etc.) through gene mutations and increased metabolism. bed bugs (cimex lectularius) are hematophagous ectoparasites that are poised to become one of the major pests in households throughout the united states. currently, c. lectularius has attained a high global impact status due to its sudden and rampant resurgence. resistance to pesticides is one factor implicated in this phenomenon. ... | 2011 | 26467498 |
| bed bug infestations and control practices in china: implications for fighting the global bed bug resurgence. | the bed bug resurgence in north america, europe, and australia has elicited interest in investigating the causes of the widespread and increasing infestations and in developing more effective control strategies. in order to extend global perspectives on bed bug management, we reviewed bed bug literature in china by searching five chinese language electronic databases. we conducted telephone interviews of staff from 77 health and epidemic prevention stations in six chinese cities in november 2010 ... | 2011 | 26467615 |
| bed bugs: the australian response. | australia has experienced a sudden and unexpected resurgence in bed bug infestations from both cimex lectularius l. and cimex hemipterus f. a survey in 2006 revealed that infestations had increased across the nation by an average of 4,500% since the start of the decade. in response, a multi-disciplinary approach to combat the rise of this public health pest was implemented and involved the coordinated efforts of several organizations. the key components of the strategy included the introduction ... | 2011 | 26467616 |
| stress tolerance of bed bugs: a review of factors that cause trauma to cimex lectularius and c. hemipterus. | recent emergence of bed bugs (cimex spp.) has prompted a significant expansion of research devoted to this pest. the ability to survive and recover from stress has significant implications on the distribution and survival of insects, and bed bugs are no exception. research on bed bug stress tolerance has shown considerable progress and necessitates a review on this topic. bed bugs have an extraordinary ability to resist dehydration between bloodmeals, and this represents a critical factor allowi ... | 2011 | 26467619 |
| population growth potential of the bed bug, cimex lectularius l.: a life table analysis. | experimental life tables were constructed and analyzed for three strains of the common bed bug: a pyrethroid-susceptible laboratory strain (hs), a highly resistant field strain (rr), and a field strain with a declining level of resistance (kr). egg to adult survival in the rr strain was 94% compared with 79% and 69% in the hs and kr strains, respectively. the rr strain also developed significantly faster from egg to adult (~35 days) than the other two strains (~40 days). analysis of a survivorsh ... | 2011 | 26467620 |
| host searching and aggregation activity of recently fed and unfed bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.). | groups of starved, virgin adult male or female bed bugs were stimulated to search for a host by the presence of a heated artificial feeder. some of the bed bug groups were allowed to obtain a blood meal and some were not. after the removal of the feeder, bed bugs were observed throughout the scotophase to record their searching and aggregation behavior. groups of male and female bed bugs that were unable to obtain a blood meal continued to search in the arena for the majority of the scotophase. ... | 2011 | 26467621 |
| moving from the old to the new: insecticide research on bed bugs since the resurgence. | the scarcity of bed bugs in many countries over the last 50 years has resulted in a lack of modern research into the toxicology of this pest. although bed bugs resurged in the late 1990s, published research related to insecticides has lagged behind and only began to appear in 2006. the difficulty in controlling bed bugs triggered the interest of both private and academic sectors to determine the value of currently available insecticides. what follows, is updated information on effectiveness of p ... | 2011 | 26467623 |
| survivorship during starvation for cimex lectularius l. | four bed bug strains (cimex lectularius) with different levels of pyrethroid resistance were evaluated to determine their ability to survive extended periods of starvation. first instar bed bugs of all strains were the most vulnerable to starvation (13.8-36.3 days mean survival time). fifth instars and adults survived the longest during starvation (41.5-142.6 days). significant differences in survivorship during starvation were observed between resistant and susceptible strains of bed bugs. over ... | 2011 | 26467625 |
| reproductive potential of field-collected populations of cimex lectularius l. and the cost of traumatic insemination. | egg production was compared among three field-collected bed bug strains over the course of 13 feeding/oviposition cycles, each of which lasted ~10 days. no significant differences were found among bed bug strains in the mean number of eggs/female/day (~1.0 egg). however, significant differences were found among strains in their patterns of egg production throughout the study period. specifically, differences were observed in the timing of peak egg production and the rapidity of egg production de ... | 2011 | 26467730 |
| analysis of 44 cases before the landlord and tenant board involving bed bug infestations in ontario, canada: focus on adjudicator decisions based on entomological/pest management evidence and accountability under the residential tenancy act and other applicable legislation. | the resurgence of bed bugs in major urban centres in north america has resulted in conflict between landlords and tenants. this is commonly focused on attribution of blame for source of infestation, on responsibility, on costs for preparation, treatment and losses, and for compensation as rent abatement and/or alternative temporary housing. in ontario, canada, these issues are often decided by adjudicators at the landlord and tenant board hearing claims, counter-claims and defense by legal repre ... | 2011 | 26467732 |
| temperature and time requirements for controlling bed bugs (cimex lectularius) under commercial heat treatment conditions. | developing effective alternative approaches for disinfesting bed bugs from residential spaces requires a balance between obtaining complete insect mortality, while minimizing costs and energy consumption. one method of disinfestation is the application of lethal high temperatures directly to rooms and contents within a structure (termed whole-room heat treatments). however, temperature and time parameters for efficacy in whole-room heat treatments are unknown given the slower rate of temperature ... | 2011 | 26467736 |
| potential of essential oil-based pesticides and detergents for bed bug control. | the bed bug, (cimex lectularius l.), is a difficult pest to control. prevalence of insecticide resistance among bed bug populations and concerns over human-insecticide exposure has stimulated the development of alternative bed bug control materials. many essential oil-based pesticides and detergent insecticides targeting bed bugs have been developed in recent years. we evaluated the efficacy of nine essential oil-based products and two detergents using direct spray and residual contact bioassays ... | 2014 | 26470082 |
| accuracy of trained canines for detecting bed bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae). | detection of low-level bed bug, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae), infestations is essential for early intervention, confirming eradication of infestations, and reducing the spread of bed bugs. despite the importance of detection, few effective tools and methods exist for detecting low numbers of bed bugs. scent dogs were developed as a tool for detecting bed bugs in recent years. however, there are no data demonstrating the reliability of trained canines under natural field conditions ... | 2014 | 26470083 |
| exposure of bed bugs to metarhizium anisopliae at different humidities. | bed bugs cimex lectularius l. were exposed to conidia (spores) of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae by feeding, aerosol spray, or contact with a treated surface. feeding experiments demonstrated that bed bugs were innately susceptible to this fungus. however, only at 98% humidity were mortality rates high, regardless of whether bed bugs were sprayed with a fungal solution or contacted a treated surface. mortality in treated bed bugs at ambient humidity did not increase when thes ... | 2014 | 26470085 |
| effectiveness of a sugar-yeast monitor and a chemical lure for detecting bed bugs. | effective bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) monitors have been actively sought in the past few years to help detect bed bugs and measure the effectiveness of treatments. most of the available active monitors are either expensive or ineffective. we designed a simple and affordable active bed bug monitor that uses sugar-yeast fermentation and an experimental chemical lure to detect bed bugs. the sugar-yeast mixture released carbon dioxide at a similar rate (average 405.1 ml/min) as dry ice (average 3 ... | 2015 | 26470258 |
| seasons, searches, and intentions: what the internet can tell us about the bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae) epidemic. | the common bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) is once again prevalent in the united states. we investigated temporal patterns in google search queries for bed bugs and co-occurring terms, and conducted in-person surveys to explore the intentions behind searches that included those terms. searches for "bed bugs" rose steadily through 2011 and then plateaued, suggesting that the epidemic has reached an equilibrium in the united states. however, queries including terms that survey respondents associate ... | 2016 | 26474879 |
| bed bugs: they still are among us!! | 2015 | 26489137 | |
| posttreatment feeding affects mortality of bed bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae) exposed to insecticides. | insecticide sprays and dusts are used for controlling bed bugs, cimex lectularius l. in natural environments, bed bugs have daily access to hosts after they are exposed to insecticides. the established laboratory insecticide bioassay protocols do not provide feeding after insecticide treatments, which can result in inflated mortality compared with what would be encountered in the field. we evaluated the effect of posttreatment feeding on mortality of bed bugs treated with different insecticides. ... | 2016 | 26494709 |
| human odorant reception in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | the common bed bug cimex lectularius is a temporary ectoparasite on humans and currently resurgent in many developed countries. the ability of bed bugs to detect human odorants in the environment is critical for their host-seeking behavior. this study deciphered the chemical basis of host detection by investigating the neuronal response of olfactory sensilla to 104 human odorants using single sensillum recording and characterized the electro-physiological responses of bed bug odorant receptors t ... | 2015 | 26522967 |
| arthropod surveillance programs: basic components, strategies, and analysis. | effective entomological surveillance planning stresses a careful consideration of methodology, trapping technologies, and analysis techniques. herein, the basic principles and technological components of arthropod surveillance plans are described, as promoted in the symposium "advancements in arthropod monitoring technology, techniques, and analysis" presented at the 58th annual meeting of the entomological society of america in san diego, ca. interdisciplinary examples of arthropod monitoring f ... | 0 | 26543242 |
| riboflavin provisioning underlies wolbachia's fitness contribution to its insect host. | endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus wolbachia represent the most successful symbiotic bacteria in the terrestrial ecosystem. the success of wolbachia has been ascribed to its remarkable phenotypic effects on host reproduction, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, whereby maternally inherited bacteria can spread in their host populations at the expense of their host's fitness. meanwhile, recent theoretical as well as empirical studies have unveiled that weak and/or conditional positive fitness ef ... | 2015 | 26556278 |
| effects of various interventions, including mass trapping with passive pitfall traps, on low-level bed bug populations in apartments. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of various interventions on low-level bed bug, cimex lectularius l., populations in occupied apartments. the first experiment was conducted in occupied apartments under three intervention conditions: never treated (group i), recently treated with no further treatment (group ii), and recently treated with continued treatment (group iii). each apartment was monitored with pitfall-style traps (interceptors) installed at beds and upholstered fur ... | 2016 | 26637535 |
| corrigendum. | jakubowski, t.l., perron, t.j., and teixeira, e. (2015). rashes in school: can they stay, or should they go? nasn school nurse, 30(5): 274-282. (original doi: 10.1177/1942602x15596815)in the september 2015 issue of nasn school nurse, the images for lyme disease and spider bites were reversed. the correct order appears below.spnas;31/1/61/table11942602x15621761t1table1-1942602x15621761table 5.bites/stings in childrendiagnosis(bites, stings, cutaneous infestations)rash descriptionsigns and symptom ... | 2016 | 26739936 |
| human parasites in the roman world: health consequences of conquering an empire. | the archaeological evidence for parasites in the roman era is presented in order to demonstrate the species present at that time, and highlight the health consequences for people living under roman rule. despite their large multi-seat public latrines with washing facilities, sewer systems, sanitation legislation, fountains and piped drinking water from aqueducts, we see the widespread presence of whipworm (trichuris trichiura), roundworm (ascaris lumbricoides) and entamoeba histolytica that caus ... | 2017 | 26741568 |
| insecticide resistance and management strategies in urban ecosystems. | the increased urbanization of a growing global population makes imperative the development of sustainable integrated pest management (ipm) strategies for urban pest control. this emphasizes pests that are closely associated with the health and wellbeing of humans and domesticated animals. concurrently there are regulatory requirements enforced to minimize inadvertent exposures to insecticides in the urban environment. development of insecticide resistance management (irm) strategies in urban eco ... | 2016 | 26751480 |
| diversity and prevalence of ectoparasites on backyard chicken flocks in california. | peridomestic ("backyard") chicken flocks are gaining popularity in the developed world (e.g., north america or europe), yet little is known regarding prevalence or severity of their ectoparasites. therefore, five birds on each of 20 properties throughout southern california were surveyed in summer for on-host (permanent) and off-host dwelling (temporary) ectoparasites. only four premises (20%) were entirely free of ectoparasites. in declining order of prevalence (% of premises), permanent ectopa ... | 2016 | 26753948 |
| the cost of decontaminating an ed after finding a bed bug: results from a single academic medical center. | 2016 | 26783149 | |
| western blotting of human sera-can it help diagnose bed bug bites? | 2015 | 26790502 | |
| characterization of cimex lectularius (bedbug) defensin peptide and its antimicrobial activity against human skin microflora. | antimicrobial peptides are components of both vertebrate and invertebrate innate immune systems that are expressed in response to exposure to bacterial antigens. naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides from evolutionarily ancient species have been extensively studied and are being developed as potential therapeutics against antibiotic resistant microorganisms. in this study, a putative cimex lectularius (bedbug, cl) defensin is characterized for its effectiveness against human skin flora incl ... | 2016 | 26802465 |
| knockdown of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase results in reduced resistance to buprofezin in the small brown planthopper, laodelphax striatellus (fallén). | nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) plays an important role in cytochrome p450 function, and cpr knockdown in several insects leads to increased susceptibility to insecticides. however, a putative cpr gene has not yet been fully characterized in the small brown planthopper laodelphax striatellus, a notorious agricultural pest in rice that causes serious damage by transmitting rice stripe and rice black-streaked dwarf viruses. the objective of this study was to clone the cdna and to knock down ... | 2016 | 26821654 |
| high levels of resistance in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae), to neonicotinoid insecticides. | the rapid increase of bed bug populations resistant to pyrethroids demands the development of novel control tactics. products combining pyrethroids and neonicotinoids have become very popular for bed bug control in the united states, but there are concerns about evolution of resistance to these compounds. laboratory assays were used to measure the toxicity of topical applications of four neonicotinoids to a susceptible population and three pyrethroid-resistant populations. activity of esterases, ... | 2016 | 26823499 |
| genome assembly and geospatial phylogenomics of the bed bug cimex lectularius. | the common bed bug (cimex lectularius) has been a persistent pest of humans for thousands of years, yet the genetic basis of the bed bug's basic biology and adaptation to dense human environments is largely unknown. here we report the assembly, annotation and phylogenetic mapping of the 697.9-mb cimex lectularius genome, with an n50 of 971 kb, using both long and short read technologies. a rna-seq time course across all five developmental stages and male and female adults generated 36,985 coding ... | 2016 | 26836631 |
| unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome. | the bed bug, cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. this global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. analyses of the c. lectularius sequenced genome (650 mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory ... | 2016 | 26836814 |
| efficacy of selected insecticide sprays and aerosols against the common bed bug, cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | we evaluated the residual efficacy of four liquid sprays and four ready-to-use aerosols that are commonly used in the u.s. against a field-collected bed bug, cimex lectularius l., strain with moderate resistance level to pyrethroids. the four liquid sprays were: tandem (0.1% thiamethoxam, 0.03% lambda-cyhalothrin), temprid sc (0.05% imidacloprid, 0.025% cyfluthrin), transport ghp (0.05% acetamiprid, 0.06% bifenthrin), and demand cs (0.03% lambda-cyhalothrin). the four aerosols were: alpine (0.5% ... | 2016 | 26840334 |
| using single sensillum recording to detect olfactory neuron responses of bed bugs to semiochemicals. | the insect olfactory system plays an important role in detecting semiochemicals in the environment. in particular, the antennal sensilla which house single or multiple neurons inside, are considered to make the major contribution in responding to the chemical stimuli. by directly recording action potential in the olfactory sensillum after exposure to stimuli, single sensillum recording (ssr) technique provides a powerful approach for investigating the neural responses of insects to chemical stim ... | 2016 | 26862929 |
| new introductions, spread of existing matrilines, and high rates of pyrethroid resistance result in chronic infestations of bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.) in lower-income housing. | infestations of the common bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) have increased substantially in the united states in the past 10-15 years. the housing authority in harrisonburg, virginia, conducts heat-treatments after bed bugs are detected in a lower-income housing complex, by treating each infested unit at 60°c for 4-6 hours. however, a high frequency of recurrent infestations called into question the efficacy of this strategy. genetic analysis using bayesian clustering of polymorphic microsatellite ... | 2016 | 26901153 |
| estimating the critical thermal maximum (ctmax) of bed bugs, cimex lectularius: comparing thermolimit respirometry with traditional visual methods. | evaluating the critical thermal maximum (ctmax) in insects has provided a number of challenges. visual observations of endpoints (onset of spasms, loss of righting response, etc.) can be difficult to measure consistently, especially with smaller insects. to resolve this problem, lighton and turner (2004) developed a new technique: thermolimit respirometry (tlr). tlr combines real time measurements of both metabolism (v·co2) and activity to provide two independent, objective measures of ctmax. ho ... | 2016 | 26970580 |
| evidence for metabolic pyrethroid resistance in the common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | resistance to insecticides, especially the pyrethroids, in the common bed bug,cimex lectulariusl., has been well-documented. however, the presence and relative contribution of metabolic detoxifying microsomal oxidases and hydrolytic esterases to the observed resistance has yet to be fully elucidated. this is due, in part, to the absence of a simple bioassay procedure that appropriately isolates esterases from potentially competing oxidases. recently, an analogue of piperonyl butoxide (pbo) was d ... | 2016 | 27018436 |
| reactions and complications to bites. bedbug, cimex lectularius. | 2016 | 27021001 | |
| bed bugs: prevalence in low-income communities, resident's reactions, and implementation of a low-cost inspection protocol. | we examined bed bug prevalence in 2,372 low-income apartments within 43 buildings in four new jersey cities using a combination of resident interviews, brief visual inspections, and monitoring with climbup insect interceptors. infestation rates ranged from 3.8 to 29.5% among the buildings, with an overall infestation rate of 12.3%. within each apartment, the bed area trapped significantly more bed bugs per trap than the sofa (or upholstered chair) area. african american residents had a proportio ... | 2016 | 27049026 |
| two compounds in bed bug feces are sufficient to elicit off-host aggregation by bed bugs, cimex lectularius. | after feeding, bed bugs aggregate in cracks and crevices near a host. aggregation and arrestment are mediated by tactile and chemical stimuli associated with the bugs' feces and exuviae. volatiles derived from fecally stained filter papers were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction (spme) and evaluated using a multichoice behavioral assay to determine their impact on bed bug aggregation. in addition, crude fecal extracts were collected in methanol, analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with e ... | 2017 | 27060680 |
| fmc verifi traps are not effective for quantifying the burden of bed bugs in an emergency department. | 2016 | 27061255 | |
| condition-dependent ejaculate production affects male mating behavior in the common bedbug cimex lectularius. | food availability in the environment is often low and variable, constraining organisms in their resource allocation to different life-history traits. for example, variation in food availability is likely to induce condition-dependent investment in reproduction. further, diet has been shown to affect ejaculate size, composition and quality. how these effects translate into male reproductive success or change male mating behavior is still largely unknown. here, we concentrated on the effect of mea ... | 2016 | 27066237 |
| cuticle thickening in a pyrethroid-resistant strain of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae). | thickening of the integument as a mechanism of resistance to insecticides is a well recognised phenomenon in the insect world and, in recent times, has been found in insects exhibiting pyrethroid-resistance. resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l., is widespread and has been frequently inferred as a reason for the pest's resurgence. overexpression of cuticle depositing proteins has been demonstrated in pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs although, to date, no ... | 2016 | 27073871 |
| identification of bat ectoparasite leptocimex inordinatus from bat-dwelling cave, kanchanaburi province, thailand. | bat bugs are blood-feeding insects of bats or warm blooded animals and humans. since 2011, leptocimex spp (heteroptera: cimicidae) has been reported in thailand. however, microscopic examination of leptocimex spp is complicated, especially when the entire body of the specimen is not available. to confirm the phenotypic identification of l. inordinatus from a limestone bat cave in thailand, partial fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (coi) gene and 16s mitochondrial ribosoma ... | 2016 | 27086421 |
| toxicity and potential utility of ivermectin and moxidectin as xenointoxicants against the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l. | the recent resurgence of the common bed bug cimex lectularius l. throughout western industrialized nations has been facilitated in part by the insect becoming pesticide-resistant. novel control strategies, including xenointoxication, should be considered to combat c. lectularius. ivermectin, a u.s. food and drug administration (fda)-approved treatment for several human parasites, and the antiparasitic drug moxidectin, currently being explored in human clinical trials, were evaluated for efficacy ... | 2016 | 27090120 |
| suppression of bedbug's reproduction by rna interference of vitellogenin. | recent resurgence of the bedbug cimex lectularius is a global problem on the public health. on account of the worldwide rise of insecticide-resistant bedbug populations, exploration of new approaches to the bedbug control and management is anticipated. in this context, gene silencing by rna interference (rnai) has been considered for its potential application to pest control and management, because rnai enables specific suppression of target genes and thus flexible selection of target traits to ... | 2016 | 27096422 |
| the influence of time and distance traveled by bed bugs, cimex lectularius, on permethrin uptake from treated mattress liners. | residual insecticides interrupt the dispersal of bed bugs (cimex lectularius, l.), but one of the issues encountered with residual applications is understanding the uptake of active residues by the insect. this study determined permethrin uptake by bed bugs walking on the activeguard(®) mattress liner product, via a combination of video recording in arenas and gas chromatography analyses. | 2017 | 27098708 |
| effects of ultralow oxygen and vacuum treatments on bed bug (heteroptera: cimicidae) survival. | control of bed bugs is problematic, balancing among efficacy, safety, and cost. in this study, ultralow oxygen (ulo) and vacuum treatments were tested on bed bugs to develop a safer, effective, and environmentally friendly solution to kill bed bugs on infested items. ulo treatments were established by flushing sealed enclosures with nitrogen. all life stages of bed bugs were found to be susceptible to ulo and vacuum treatments, and efficacy of the treatments increased with reduced oxygen levels, ... | 2016 | 27106228 |
| behavioral responses of nymph and adult cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae) to colored harborages. | behavioral bioassays were conducted to determine whether bed bug adults and nymphs prefer specific colored harborages. two-choice and seven-choice behavioral color assays indicate that red (28.5%) and black (23.4%) harborages are optimal harborage choices for bed bugs. yellow and green harborages appear to repel bed bugs. harborage color preferences change according to gender, nutritional status, aggregation, and life stage. female bed bugs prefer harborages with shorter wavelengths (lilac-14.5% ... | 2016 | 27113099 |
| systemic reactions caused by bed bug bites. | 2016 | 27118788 | |
| effect of mating status and age on the male mate choice and mating competency in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | we investigated male mate choice and mating competency in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l., using video tracking for 10 min per experiment. in the male mate choice experiment, when a male was placed with two females of different mating status, males preferred to initiate copulation with the virgin female more quickly than with the mated female, and the mean total copulation duration with virgin females (38.0 ± 3.0 s) was significantly longer than with mated females (14.6 ± 3.0 s). when a ... | 2016 | 27126612 |
| krüppel homolog 1 and e93 mediate juvenile hormone regulation of metamorphosis in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | the common bed bug is an obligate hematophagous parasite of humans. we studied the regulation of molting and metamorphosis in bed bugs with a goal to identify key players involved. qrt-pcr studies on the expression of genes known to be involved in molting and metamorphosis showed high levels of krüppel homolog 1 [kr-h1, a transcription factor that plays key roles in juvenile hormone (jh) action] mrna in the penultimate nymphal stage (n4). however, low levels of kr-h1 mrna were detected in the fi ... | 2016 | 27185064 |
| [if you go looking for trouble you'll find it. urticarial reactions to insects of our local areas]. | itchy skin rashes are a frequent reason to seek medical advice. the symptoms may be caused by hypersensitivity reactions to arthropod bites, waterborne parasites or setae from moth caterpillars and are sometimes mistaken for spontaneous urticaria or eczema. some of these pests are resurging in switzerland and elsewhere and increasingly responsible for emergency consultation. in this article we review itchy skin rashes caused by bed bugs, scabies, lice, cercariae, pyemotes spp, caterpillars and h ... | 2016 | 27197324 |
| grandeur alliances: symbiont metabolic integration and obligate arthropod hematophagy. | several arthropod taxa live exclusively on vertebrate blood. this food source lacks essential metabolites required for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, and as such, these arthropods have formed symbioses with nutrient-supplementing microbes that facilitate their host's 'hematophagous' feeding ecology. herein we highlight metabolic contributions of bacterial symbionts that reside within tsetse flies, bed bugs, lice, reduviid bugs, and ticks, with specific emphasis on b vitamin and cofact ... | 2016 | 27236581 |