| height-related decreases in mesophyll conductance, leaf photosynthesis and compensating adjustments associated with leaf nitrogen concentrations in pinus densiflora. | hydraulic limitations associated with increasing tree height result in reduced foliar stomatal conductance (g(s)) and light-saturated photosynthesis (a(max)). however, it is unclear whether the decline in a(max) is attributable to height-related modifications in foliar nitrogen concentration (n), to mesophyll conductance (g(m)) or to biochemical capacity for photosynthesis (maximum rate of carboxylation, v(cmax)). simultaneous measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were made t ... | 2011 | 21467050 |
| transfer of (14)c-photosynthate to the sporocarp of an ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria amethystina. | sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal fungi are strong carbon sinks for the source in host trees, but the details of carbon transfer from the host to the sporocarp are unknown. in this study, single seedlings of japanese red pine (pinus densiflora) colonised by laccaria amethystina were grown on floral foam plates fitted in rhizoboxes, resulting in fruiting on the substrate. the seedlings were photosynthetically labelled with (14)co(2); (14)c-labelled photosynthate transfer from leaves to sporocarps was ... | 2011 | 21698547 |
| Mixotrophy of Platanthera minor, an orchid associated with ectomycorrhiza-forming Ceratobasidiaceae fungi. | • We investigated the fungal symbionts and carbon nutrition of a Japanese forest photosynthetic orchid, Platanthera minor, whose ecology suggests a mixotrophic syndrome, that is, a mycorrhizal association with ectomycorrhiza (ECM)-forming fungi and partial exploitation of fungal carbon. • We performed molecular identification of symbionts by PCR amplifications of the fungal ribosomal DNA on hyphal coils extracted from P. minor roots. We tested for a (13) C and (15) N enrichment characteristic of ... | 2012 | 21995447 |
| effects of pollen supply and quality on seed formation and maturation in pinus densiflora. | to understand the detailed mechanisms underlying variations in seed productivity per cone, it is important to examine simultaneously the effects of two pollination mode components (pollen supply and quality) on two seed production processes (seed formation and maturation). we conducted artificial pollination experiments with four pollination treatments (selfing, polycross, no-pollination and open-pollination treatments) in each of two vertical crown layers (upper and lower) for 19 pinus ... | 2011 | 22080253 |
| pinus densiflora leaf essential oil induces apoptosis via ros generation and activation of caspases in yd-8 human oral cancer cells. | the leaf of pinus (p.) densiflora, a pine tree widely distributed in asian countries, has been used as a traditional medicine. in the present study, we investigated the anticancer activity of essential oil, extracted by steam distillation, from the leaf of p. densiflora in yd-8 human oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) cells. treatment of yd-8 cells with p. densiflora leaf essential oil (pleo) at 60 µg/ml for 8 h strongly inhibited prol ... | 2011 | 22086183 |
| effects of elevated co(2) and pb on the microbial community in the rhizosphere of pinus densiflora. | rising levels of atmospheric co(2) may stimulate forest productivity in the future, resulting in increased carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems. however, heavy metal contamination may interfere with this, though the response is not yet known. in this study, we investigated the effect of elevated co(2) and pb contamination on microorganisms and decomposition in pine tree forest soil. three-year old pine trees (pinus densiflora) were planted in pb contaminated soils (500 mg/kg-soil) and uncont ... | 2012 | 23274974 |
| morphometric variation in pine wood nematodes, bursaphelenchus xylophilus and b. mucronatus, isolated from multiple locations in south korea. | intraspecific variation in morphometry of pine wood nematodes bursaphelenchus xylophilus and b. mucronatus in relation to geographical locations in south korea was investigated using morphometric characters (body length, a, b and c ratio, stylet length, and spicule length for a male nematode and v (%) value for a female nematode). b. xylophilus was isolated from pinus thunbergii in jinju (1998), ulsan (2000), yangsan (2000), mokpo (2001) and jeju (2004), and from p. densiflora in gumi (2001). b. ... | 2013 | 25288962 |
| host deception: predaceous fungus, esteya vermicola, entices pine wood nematode by mimicking the scent of pine tree for nutrient. | a nematophagous fungus, esteya vermicola, is recorded as the first endoparasitic fungus of pine wood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in last century. e. vermicola exhibited high infectivity toward pwn in the laboratory conditions and conidia spraying of this fungus on japanese red pine, pinus densiflora, seedlings in the field protected the pine trees from pine wilt disease to some extent, indicating that it is a potential bio-control agent against pwn. previous research had demonstr ... | 2013 | 23990972 |
| pathogenicity of aseptic bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | pine wilt is a disease of pine (pinus spp.) caused by the pine wood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus. however, the pathogenic mechanism of pine wilt disease (pwd) remains unclear. although the pwn was thought to be the only pathogenic agent associated with this disease, a potential role for bacterial symbionts in the disease process was recently proposed. studies have indicated that aseptic pwns do not cause pwd in aseptic pine trees, while pwns associated with bacteria cause wilting s ... | 2012 | 22662271 |
| characterization and ph-dependent substrate specificity of alkalophilic xylanase from bacillus alcalophilus. | the gene of endo-beta-1-4 xylanase, xynt, was cloned from bacillus alcalophilus ax2000 and expressed in escherichia coli. this xynt, which belongs to glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 10, was found to have a molecular weight of approximately 37 kda and exhibit optimal activity at ph 7-9 and 50 °c. it exhibits a high activity towards birchwood xylan and has the ability to bind avicel. under optimal conditions, xynt hydrolyzes all xylooligomers into xylobiose as an end product with a preference for ... | 2012 | 22763748 |
| trichoderma songyi sp. nov., a new species associated with the pine mushroom (tricholoma matsutake). | a new species, trichoderma songyi, was found to be associated with the pine mushroom (tricholoma matsutake) in korea. this species was isolated from three different substrates: tricholoma matsutake basidiomata, as well as roots of pinus densiflora and soil in the fairy ring. based on its molecular and phenotypic characteristics, we demonstrate that trichoderma songyi is unique and distinguishable from closely related species. we performed phylogenetic analyses based on two molecular markers, the ... | 2014 | 25052534 |
| changes in radiocesium contamination from fukushima in foliar parts of 10 common tree species in japan between 2011 and 2013. | yearly changes in radiocesium ((137)cs) contamination, primarily due to the fukushima accident of march 2011, were observed in the foliar parts of 10 common woody species in japan (chamaecyparis obtusa, cedrus deodara, pinus densiflora, cryptomeria japonica, phyllostachys pubescens, cinnamomum camphora, metasequoia glyptostroboides, prunus × yedoensis, acer buergerianum, and aesculus hippocastanum). the samples were obtained from abiko (approximately 200 km ssw of the fukushima dai-ichi nuclear ... | 2014 | 25261868 |
| characteristics of initial deposition and behavior of radiocesium in forest ecosystems of different locations and species affected by the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant accident. | after the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant (fdnpp) accident, information about stand-level spatial patterns of radiocesium initially deposited in the surrounding forests was essential for predicting the future dynamics of radiocesium and suggesting a management plan for contaminated forests. in the first summer (approximately 6 months after the accident), we separately estimated the amounts of radiocesium ((134)cs and (137)cs; bq m(-2)) in the major components (trees, organic layers, and so ... | 2016 | 26432062 |
| early-stage changes in natural (13)c and (15)n abundance and nutrient dynamics during different litter decomposition. | decomposition, nutrient, and isotopic (δ(13)c and δ(15)n) dynamics during 1 year were studied for leaf and twig litters of pinus densiflora, castanea crenata, erigeron annuus, and miscanthus sinensis growing on a highly weathered soil with constrained nutrient supply using litterbags in a cool temperate region of south korea. decay constant (k/year) ranged from 0.58 to 1.29/year, and mass loss ranged from 22.36 to 58.43 % among litter types. the results demonstrate that mass loss and nutrient dy ... | 2016 | 26915037 |
| diplogasteroides asiaticus n. sp. is associated with monochamus alternatus in japan. | diplogasteroides asiaticus n. sp. is described and illustrated, and its molecular profile and phylogenetic status within the family diplogastridae are inferred. morphologically, the new species is characterized by its stomatal structure, a tube-like stoma with three small, rod-like dorsal teeth and two subventral ridges; a spicule clearly ventrally bent at 1/3 from the anterior end; a gubernaculum with a rounded anterior end and sharply pointed distal end in lateral view; nine pairs of genital p ... | 2015 | 26170472 |
| depositional characteristics of atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers on tree barks. | this study was conducted to determine the depositional characteristics of several tree barks, including ginkgo (ginkgo biloba), pine (pinus densiflora), platanus (platanus), and metasequoia (metasequoia glyptostroboides). these were used as passive air sampler (pas) of atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes). | 2014 | 25116365 |
| differential response of two pinus spp. to avian nitrogen input as revealed by nitrogen isotope analysis for tree rings. | temporal variations in n concentration and d(15)n value of annual tree rings (1 year of time resolution) of two japanese black pine (pinus thunbergii) and three japanese red pine (pinus densiflora) trees under current breeding activity of the great cormorant (pharacrocorax carbo) and the black-tailed gull (larus crassirostris), respectively, in central and northeastern japan were studied. both species from control sites where no avian input occurs show negative values (d(15)n = around -4 ‰ to -2 ... | 2011 | 21271423 |
| automobile exhaust gas as a source of aqueous phase oh radical in the atmosphere and its effects on physiological status of pine trees. | free radical generation potential of automobile exhaust gas was examined by measuring hydroxyl (oh) radical photo-formation rates in exhaust gas-scrubbing water. effects of automobile exhausts on physiological status of japanese red pine trees (pinus densiflora sieb. et zucc.) were also investigated to elucidate the mechanism how the free radicals derived from exhaust gas damage higher plants. gasoline and diesel exhaust gases were scrubbed into pure water. potential photo-formation rates of oh ... | 2011 | 21767866 |