| suspected carbaryl toxicity in a captive colony of straw-colored fruit bats ( eidolon helvum). | carbaryl was the first carbamate insecticide produced and remains the most widely used due to its perceived low level of toxicity in nontarget species. this report describes the management and evaluation of a group of straw-colored fruit bats, eidolon helvum, that were exposed to carbaryl. cholinesterase activity of blood, retina, and brain was evaluated to further investigate whether carbaryl was the causative agent. decreased whole blood and retinal cholinesterase activity coupled with the res ... | 2017 | 29297804 |
| sero-surveillance of lyssavirus specific antibodies in nigerian fruit bats (eidolon helvum). | the aetiological agent of rabies is a member of the lyssavirus genus (rhabdoviridae family, order mononegavirales). the disease (rabies) is endemic in many parts of asia and africa and still remains an important public and veterinary health threat. in nigeria, there is a dearth of information on the natural infection and/or exposure of bat species to lyssaviruses. therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of rabies virus (rabv) neutralizing antibodies in sera obtained from ba ... | 2017 | 30270884 |
| experimental lagos bat virus infection in straw-colored fruit bats: a suitable model for bat rabies in a natural reservoir species. | rabies is a fatal neurologic disease caused by lyssavirus infection. bats are important natural reservoir hosts of various lyssaviruses that can be transmitted to people. the epidemiology and pathogenesis of rabies in bats are poorly understood, making it difficult to prevent zoonotic transmission. to further our understanding of lyssavirus pathogenesis in a natural bat host, an experimental model using straw-colored fruit bats (eidolon helvum) and lagos bat virus, an endemic lyssavirus in this ... | 2020 | 33320860 |
| subgenomic flavivirus rna (sfrna) associated with asian lineage zika virus identified in three species of ugandan bats (family pteropodidae). | serological cross-reactivity among flaviviruses makes determining the prior arbovirus exposure of animals challenging in areas where multiple flavivirus strains are circulating. we hypothesized that prior infection with zikv could be confirmed through the presence of subgenomic flavivirus rna (sfrna) of the 3' untranslated region (utr), which persists in tissues due to xrn-1 stalling during rna decay. we amplified zikv sfrna but not ns5 from three experimentally-infected jamaican fruit bats, sup ... | 2021 | 33863991 |
| histology, ultrastructure, and seasonal variations in the bulbourethral gland of the african straw-colored fruit bat eidolon helvum. | we studied the morphological characteristics and seasonal changes of the bulbourethral gland of eidolon helvum in a typical african tropical environment. forty-eight bulbourethral glands were examined using gross anatomical, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural techniques during the early rainy, late rainy, and peak dry seasons. the pear-shaped bilateral bulbourethral glands were located extra-abdominally in the inguinal region. trabeculae from the capsule divided the parenchyma into ... | 2020 | 32896971 |
| role of wildlife in emergence of ebola virus in kaigbono (likati), democratic republic of the congo, 2017. | after the 2017 ebola virus (ebov) outbreak in likati, a district in northern democratic republic of the congo, we sampled small mammals from the location where the primary case-patient presumably acquired the infection. none tested positive for ebov rna or antibodies against ebov, highlighting the ongoing challenge in detecting animal reservoirs for ebov. | 2020 | 32818404 |
| foraging movements are density-independent among straw-coloured fruit bats. | intraspecific competition in large aggregations of animals should generate density-dependent effects on foraging patterns. to test how large differences in colony size affect foraging movements, we tracked seasonal movements of the african straw-coloured fruit bat (eidolon helvum) from four colonies that range from 4000 up to 10 million animals. contrary to initial predictions, we found that mean distance flown per night (9-99 km), number of nightly foraging sites (2-3) and foraging and commutin ... | 2020 | 32537224 |
| what is stirring in the reservoir? modelling mechanisms of henipavirus circulation in fruit bat hosts. | pathogen circulation among reservoir hosts is a precondition for zoonotic spillover. unlike the acute, high morbidity infections typical in spillover hosts, infected reservoir hosts often exhibit low morbidity and mortality. although it has been proposed that reservoir host infections may be persistent with recurrent episodes of shedding, direct evidence is often lacking. we construct a generalized seir (susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered) framework encompassing 46 sub-models representi ... | 2019 | 31401962 |
| demodicosis in a captive african straw-coloured fruit bat (eidolon helvum). | demodicosis is most frequently observed in the domestic dog (canis familiaris), but it has rarely been reported in bats (chiroptera). the overpopulation of demodex spp. that causes dermatological changes is generally associated with a compromised immune system. we describe the gross and histological features of generalized demodicosis in an adult female african straw-coloured fruit bat (eidolon helvum) drawn from a captive research colony. the histology of the lesions revealed comedones and foll ... | 2019 | 31289968 |
| gross description and osteometrics of the axial skeleton (ribs and vertebrae) of eidolon helvum (african fruit bat). | the eidolon helvum is a straw coloured fruit bat, also known as the african fruit bat. this study details theanatomical peculiarities, gross description and morphometrics of the ribs. fifteen adult bats were used for this study. thevertebral formula was c7t13-14l3-4s7cd3-4. spinous process was rudimentary on thoracic vertebrae 1 to 7. the numbers ofthe ribs ranged from 13 to 14, with the longest being rib 7, and the shortest being rib 14. twenty percent of the males and50% of the females had 14 ... | 2018 | 30837774 |
| fruit bats in flight: a look into the movements of the ecologically important eidolon helvum in tanzania. | many ecologically important plants are pollinated or have their seeds dispersed by fruit bats, including the widely distributed african straw-colored fruit bats (eidolon helvum). their ability to fly long distances makes them essential for connecting plant populations across fragmented landscapes. while bats have been implicated as a reservoir of infectious diseases, their role in disease transmission to humans is not well understood. in this pilot study, we tracked e. helvum to shed light on th ... | 2020 | 32835170 |
| molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus complex from fomites in nigeria. | fomites serve as a potential route for the transmission of pathogens including community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus to humans. phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses have established the staphylococcus aureus complex (s. aureus, s. argenteus and s. schweitzeri), however, phenotypic characteristics are insufficient in the delineation of these species. in this study, we describe the s. aureus complex from inanimate surfaces in nigeria. fomite samples in obafemi awolowo unive ... | 2020 | 32805430 |
| staphylococcus aureus complex in the straw-colored fruit bat (eidolon helvum) in nigeria. | bats are economically important animals and serve as food sources in some african regions. they can be colonized with the staphylococcus aureus complex, which includes staphylococcus schweitzeri and staphylococcus argenteus. fecal carriage of s. aureus complex in the straw-colored fruit bat (eidolon helvum) has been described. however, data on their transmission and adaptation in animals and humans are limited. the aim of this study was to investigate the population structure of the s. aureus co ... | 2018 | 29487577 |