| what is stirring in the reservoir? modelling mechanisms of henipavirus circulation in fruit bat hosts. | pathogen circulation among reservoir hosts is a precondition for zoonotic spillover. unlike the acute, high morbidity infections typical in spillover hosts, infected reservoir hosts often exhibit low morbidity and mortality. although it has been proposed that reservoir host infections may be persistent with recurrent episodes of shedding, direct evidence is often lacking. we construct a generalized seir (susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered) framework encompassing 46 sub-models representi ... | 2019 | 31401962 |
| host-adapted cryptosporidium and enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in straw-colored fruit bats in nigeria. | few data are available on the distribution and human infective potential of cryptosporidium and enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in bats. in this preliminary study, we collected 109 fecal specimens during april-july 2011 from a colony of straw-colored fruit bats (eidolon helvum) in an urban park (agodi gardens) of ibadan, nigeria, and analyzed for cryptosporidium spp., giardia duodenalis and e. bieneusi using pcr targeting the small subunit rrna gene, triosephosphate isomerase gene, and ribosom ... | 2019 | 30560054 |
| suspected carbaryl toxicity in a captive colony of straw-colored fruit bats ( eidolon helvum). | carbaryl was the first carbamate insecticide produced and remains the most widely used due to its perceived low level of toxicity in nontarget species. this report describes the management and evaluation of a group of straw-colored fruit bats, eidolon helvum, that were exposed to carbaryl. cholinesterase activity of blood, retina, and brain was evaluated to further investigate whether carbaryl was the causative agent. decreased whole blood and retinal cholinesterase activity coupled with the res ... | 2017 | 29297804 |
| sero-surveillance of lyssavirus specific antibodies in nigerian fruit bats (eidolon helvum). | the aetiological agent of rabies is a member of the lyssavirus genus (rhabdoviridae family, order mononegavirales). the disease (rabies) is endemic in many parts of asia and africa and still remains an important public and veterinary health threat. in nigeria, there is a dearth of information on the natural infection and/or exposure of bat species to lyssaviruses. therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of rabies virus (rabv) neutralizing antibodies in sera obtained from ba ... | 2017 | 30270884 |
| lagos bat virus infection dynamics in free-ranging straw-colored fruit bats (eidolon helvum). | bats are key species for ecological function, but they are also reservoirs of zoonotic agents, such as lyssaviruses that cause rabies. little is known about the maintenance and transmission of lyssaviruses in bats, although the observation of clinically sick bats, both in experimental studies and wild bats, has at least demonstrated that lyssaviruses are capable of causing clinical disease in bat species. despite this, extensive surveillance for diseased bats has not yielded lyssaviruses, whilst ... | 2017 | 30270883 |
| histology, ultrastructure, and seasonal variations in the bulbourethral gland of the african straw-colored fruit bat eidolon helvum. | we studied the morphological characteristics and seasonal changes of the bulbourethral gland of eidolon helvum in a typical african tropical environment. forty-eight bulbourethral glands were examined using gross anatomical, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural techniques during the early rainy, late rainy, and peak dry seasons. the pear-shaped bilateral bulbourethral glands were located extra-abdominally in the inguinal region. trabeculae from the capsule divided the parenchyma into ... | 2020 | 32896971 |
| demodicosis in a captive african straw-coloured fruit bat (eidolon helvum). | demodicosis is most frequently observed in the domestic dog (canis familiaris), but it has rarely been reported in bats (chiroptera). the overpopulation of demodex spp. that causes dermatological changes is generally associated with a compromised immune system. we describe the gross and histological features of generalized demodicosis in an adult female african straw-coloured fruit bat (eidolon helvum) drawn from a captive research colony. the histology of the lesions revealed comedones and foll ... | 2019 | 31289968 |
| bat lung epithelial cells show greater host species-specific innate resistance than mdck cells to human and avian influenza viruses. | with the recent discovery of novel h17n10 and h18n11 influenza viral rna in bats and report on high frequency of avian h9 seroconversion in a species of free ranging bats, an important issue to address is the extent bats are susceptible to conventional avian and human influenza a viruses. | 2018 | 29636078 |
| subgenomic flavivirus rna (sfrna) associated with asian lineage zika virus identified in three species of ugandan bats (family pteropodidae). | serological cross-reactivity among flaviviruses makes determining the prior arbovirus exposure of animals challenging in areas where multiple flavivirus strains are circulating. we hypothesized that prior infection with zikv could be confirmed through the presence of subgenomic flavivirus rna (sfrna) of the 3' untranslated region (utr), which persists in tissues due to xrn-1 stalling during rna decay. we amplified zikv sfrna but not ns5 from three experimentally-infected jamaican fruit bats, sup ... | 2021 | 33863991 |
| staphylococcus aureus complex in the straw-colored fruit bat (eidolon helvum) in nigeria. | bats are economically important animals and serve as food sources in some african regions. they can be colonized with the staphylococcus aureus complex, which includes staphylococcus schweitzeri and staphylococcus argenteus. fecal carriage of s. aureus complex in the straw-colored fruit bat (eidolon helvum) has been described. however, data on their transmission and adaptation in animals and humans are limited. the aim of this study was to investigate the population structure of the s. aureus co ... | 2018 | 29487577 |
| experimental lagos bat virus infection in straw-colored fruit bats: a suitable model for bat rabies in a natural reservoir species. | rabies is a fatal neurologic disease caused by lyssavirus infection. bats are important natural reservoir hosts of various lyssaviruses that can be transmitted to people. the epidemiology and pathogenesis of rabies in bats are poorly understood, making it difficult to prevent zoonotic transmission. to further our understanding of lyssavirus pathogenesis in a natural bat host, an experimental model using straw-colored fruit bats (eidolon helvum) and lagos bat virus, an endemic lyssavirus in this ... | 2020 | 33320860 |
| molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus complex from fomites in nigeria. | fomites serve as a potential route for the transmission of pathogens including community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus to humans. phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses have established the staphylococcus aureus complex (s. aureus, s. argenteus and s. schweitzeri), however, phenotypic characteristics are insufficient in the delineation of these species. in this study, we describe the s. aureus complex from inanimate surfaces in nigeria. fomite samples in obafemi awolowo unive ... | 2020 | 32805430 |
| characterization of a novel bat adenovirus isolated from straw-colored fruit bat (eidolon helvum). | bats are important reservoirs for emerging zoonotic viruses. for extensive surveys of potential pathogens in straw-colored fruit bats (eidolon helvum) in zambia, a total of 107 spleen samples ofe. helvumin 2006 were inoculated onto vero e6 cells. the cell culture inoculated with one of the samples (zfb06-106) exhibited remarkable cytopathic changes. based on the ultrastructural property in negative staining and cross-reactivity in immunofluorescence assays, the virus was suspected to be an adeno ... | 2017 | 29207524 |