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outbreaks of bacterial pneumonia in dairy cows.• mannheimia haemolytica causes respiratory disease and deaths in housed adult dairy cows • congenital sarcoma in a neonatal hereford calf • unusual presentation of pregnancy toxaemia in housed ewes • gastrointestinal parasitism in goats associated with suspected treatment failure these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for february from sac consulting: veterinary services (sac c vs).201424832886
tulathromycin exerts proresolving effects in bovine neutrophils by inhibiting phospholipases and altering leukotriene b4, prostaglandin e2, and lipoxin a4 production.the accumulation of neutrophils and proinflammatory mediators, such as leukotriene b4 (ltb4), is a classic marker of inflammatory disease. the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils, inhibition of proinflammatory signaling, and production of proresolving lipids (including lipoxins, such as lipoxin a4 [lxa4]) are imperative for resolving inflammation. tulathromycin (tul), a macrolide used to treat bovine respiratory disease, confers immunomodulatory benefits via mechanisms that remain unclear. we rec ...201424820086
stimulation and analysis of the immune response in calves from vaccinated pregnant cows.the effect of vaccinating pregnant cows with an inactivated vaccine against mannheimia haemolytica, brsv and pi3v infections on selected immune responses in their offspring was examined. blood samples were collected weekly for 12 weeks from six newborn calves from each of vaccinated (experimental) and unvaccinated (control) dams. specific antibodies to m. haemolytica, brsv and pi3v and mean values of iga, igg concentrations were significantly higher in the experimental calves compared with the c ...201424815344
characterization of mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle that were healthy or treated for bovine respiratory disease.mannheimia haemolytica is the principal bacterial pathogen associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd). as an opportunistic pathogen, m. haemolytica is also frequently isolated from the respiratory tract of healthy cattle. this study examined the characteristics of m. haemolytica collected using deep nasal swabs from healthy cattle (n = 49) and cattle diagnosed with brd (n = 41). isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), serotyped, and tested for antimicrobial susce ...201424396179
sequence diversity, cytotoxicity and antigenic similarities of the leukotoxin of isolates of mannheimia species from mastitis in domestic sheep.species within the genus mannheimia are among the most important causes of ovine mastitis. isolates of these species can express leukotoxin a (lkta), a primary virulence factor of these bacteria. to examine the significance of variation in the lkta, the sequences of the lkta genes in a panel of isolates from cases of ovine mastitis were compared. the cross-neutralising capacities of rat antisera raised against lkta of one mannheimia glucosida, one haemolytic mannheimia ruminalis, and two mannhei ...201425246232
failure of respiratory defenses in the pathogenesis of bacterial pneumonia of cattle.the respiratory system is well defended against inhaled bacteria by a dynamic system of interacting layers, including mucociliary clearance, host defense factors including antimicrobial peptides in the epithelial lining fluid, proinflammatory responses of the respiratory epithelium, resident alveolar macrophages, and recruited neutrophils and monocytes. nevertheless, these manifold defenses are susceptible to failure as a result of stress, glucocorticoids, viral infections, abrupt exposure to co ...201424021557
pulmonary lesions and clinical disease response to mannheimia haemolytica challenge 10 days following administration of tildipirosin or tulathromycin.this clinical trial evaluated the impact of metaphylactic antimicrobial administration 10 d before experimental inoculation with mannheimia haemolytica (mh) to mitigate pulmonary lesions. thirty-three crossbreed heifers were procured as a single group and were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 blocks and to treatment, tildipirosin (zup; 4 mg/kg) or tulathromycin (drx; 2.5 mg/kg) or saline (sal; 1 ml/45.5 kg), within block on arrival at kansas state university. all trial procedures were staggered by 7 ...201424243906
anti-inflammatory effects of retinoids and carotenoid derivatives on caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and efferocytosis of bovine neutrophils.to evaluate immunomodulatory properties of all-trans retinoic acid and a fully oxidized β-carotene dietary product in calves with mannheimia haemolytica-induced pneumonia.201425419806
comparison of pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after subcutaneous administration of various multiple-dose regimens to water buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis).to determine pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in water buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis) after multiple sc administrations and to assess differences in regimen efficacy.201425419804
investigation of polymerase chain reaction assays to improve detection of bacterial involvement in bovine respiratory disease.bovine respiratory disease (brd) causes severe economic losses to the cattle farming industry worldwide. the major bacterial organisms contributing to the brd complex are mannheimia haemolytica, histophilus somni, mycoplasma bovis, pasteurella multocida, and trueperella pyogenes. the postmortem detection of these organisms in pneumonic lung tissue is generally conducted using standard culture-based techniques where the presence of therapeutic antibiotics in the tissue can inhibit bacterial isola ...201425012080
the effect of fasciola hepatica infection on respiratory vaccine responsiveness in calves.fasciola hepatica is a common parasite in cattle, and bovine fasciolosis causes significant production losses, as well as being a zoonotic disease of global importance. f. hepatica has been shown to have immunoregulatory effects and the aim of this research was to establish whether f. hepatica infection influences the response to vaccination against respiratory pathogens in calves. a total of 48 calves were randomly and equally allocated to two groups. the experimental group was infected with f. ...201424524895
treatment of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in juvenile calves with a single administration of a florfenicol plus flunixin meglumine formulation.the efficacy and safety of a florfenicol plus flunixin meglumine formulation in the treatment of respiratory disease was evaluated in calves less than six weeks of age, compared with a positive control group treated with a well-established florfenicol formulation. a total of 210 calves, selected from nine sites in belgium, france and spain, showing severe signs of respiratory disease, were randomly assigned to treatment with either florfenicol plus flunixin meglumine (resflor; msd animal health) ...201424603464
safety, bioavailability and mechanism of action of nitric oxide to control bovine respiratory disease complex in calves entering a feedlot.bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc), a multi-factorial disease, negatively impacts the cattle industry. nitric oxide (no), a naturally occurring molecule, may have utility controlling incidence of brdc. safety, bioavailability, toxicology and tolerance/stress of administering no to cattle is evaluated herein. thirteen, crossbred, multiple-sourced, commingled commercial weaned beef calves were treated multiple times intranasally over a 4 week period with either a nitric oxide releasing solu ...201424434056
respiratory syncytial virus infection in cattle.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a cause of respiratory disease in cattle worldwide. it has an integral role in enzootic pneumonia in young dairy calves and summer pneumonia in nursing beef calves. furthermore, bovine rsv infection can predispose calves to secondary bacterial infection by organisms such as mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and histophilus somni, resulting in bovine respiratory disease complex, the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality among feed ...201424009269
latent class comparison of test accuracy when evaluating antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion and broth microdilution to test escherichia coli and mannheimia haemolytica isolates recovered from beef feedlot cattle.the study objective was to use bayesian latent class analysis to evaluate the accuracy of susceptibility test results obtained from disk diffusion and broth microdilution using bacteria recovered from beef feedlot cattle. isolates of escherichia coli and mannheimia haemolytica were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin, ceftiofur, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. results showed that neither testing method was always or even generally superior to the ...201424477189
antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from diseased cattle and pigs across europe: the vetpath study.vetpath is an ongoing pan-european antibiotic susceptibility monitoring programme collecting pathogens from diseased antimicrobial non-treated cattle, pigs and poultry. in the current study, 1001 isolates from cattle and pig respiratory tract infections were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities. non-replicate lung samples or nasopharyngeal/nasal swabs were collected from animals with acute clinical signs in 11 countries during 2002-2006. pasteurella multocida and mannheimia haemolytic ...201424837878
pathogen variation across time and space: sequencing to characterize mannheimia haemolytica diversity.bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is a major animal health and economic issue that affects cattle industries worldwide. within the usa, the beef cattle industry loses up to an estimated 1 billion dollars a year due to brdc. there are many contributors to brdc, including environmental stressors and viral and/or bacterial infections. one species of bacteria in particular, mannheimia haemolytica, is recognized as the major cause of severe fibrinonecrotic pneumonia in cattle. m. haemolytica ...201425381881
growth of mannheimia haemolytica: inhibitory agents and putative mechanism of inhibition.leukotoxin-producing mannheimia haemolytica consistently causes fatal pneumonia in bighorn sheep (bhs) under experimental conditions. surprisingly, by culture methods, it has been isolated from pneumonic bhs lungs less frequently than other bacteria. however, in one study pcr assays detected m. haemolytica from over 70% of the pneumonic lung samples that were negative for this organism by culture, suggesting that the growth of m. haemolytica is inhibited by other bacteria. previously, we have sh ...201425246231
efficacy of a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine containing a mannheimia haemolytica toxoid in calves challenge exposed with bibersteinia trehalosi.to determine the efficacy of a multivalent modified-live virus (mlv) vaccine containing a mannheimia haemolytica toxoid to reduce pneumonia and mortality rate when administered to calves challenge exposed with virulent bibersteinia trehalosi. animals-74 holstein calves.201425061709
resistance to selected beta-lactam antibiotics.susceptibility in vitro and trends in resistance to antimicrobials were determined by a dilution micromethod in a group of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, pasteurella multocida, mannheimia haemolytica and escherichia coli isolates from clinical cases of cattle and swine diseases in the czech republic from 2007 to 2011. a high susceptibility of pig and cattle respiratory pathogens to antimicrobials was found, with the exception of the moderate prevalence of m. haemolytica resistance to ampicilli ...201424612952
pcr assay detects mannheimia haemolytica in culture-negative pneumonic lung tissues of bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) from outbreaks in the western usa, 2009-2010.mannheimia haemolytica consistently causes severe bronchopneumonia and rapid death of bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) under experimental conditions. however, bibersteinia trehalosi and pasteurella multocida have been isolated from pneumonic bighorn lung tissues more frequently than m. haemolytica by culture-based methods. we hypothesized that assays more sensitive than culture would detect m. haemolytica in pneumonic lung tissues more accurately. therefore, our first objective was to develop a p ...201424171569
pyogranulomatous pneumonia in goats caused by an undescribed porphyromonas species, "porphyromonas katsikii".a yet-undescribed bacterial species, tentatively named "porphyromonas katsikii," was isolated from individuals of a small goat herd with pyogranulomatous pneumonia during an outbreak of acute respiratory disease. the isolated bacteria grew in the form of black-pigmented colonies after 14 days of incubation under anaerobic conditions at 37°c on a tryptic soy blood agar medium. the bacteria were identified as a yet-undescribed porphyromonas species by determination of the nucleotide sequence of th ...201425540395
microbial diversity and dynamics during the production of may bryndza cheese.diversity and dynamics of microbial cultures were studied during the production of may bryndza cheese, a traditional slovak cheese produced from unpasteurized ewes' milk. quantitative culture-based data were obtained for lactobacilli, lactococci, total mesophilic aerobic counts, coliforms, e. coli, staphylococci, coagulase-positive staphylococci, yeasts, fungi and geotrichum spp. in ewes' milk, curd produced from it and ripened for 0 - 10 days, and in bryndza cheese produced from the curd, in th ...201424291178
application of enrofloxacin and orbifloxacin disks approved in japan for susceptibility testing of representative veterinary respiratory pathogens.in this study, susceptibilities of pasteurella multocida, mannheimia haemolytica and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to enrofloxacin and orbifloxacin were tested using an agar diffusion method with the commercial disks and a broth microdilution method. good correlation between the 2 methods for enrofloxacin and orbifloxacin was observed for p. multocida (r = -0.743 and -0.818, respectively), m. haemolytica (r = -0.739 and -0.800, respectively) and a. pleuropneumoniae (r = -0.785 and -0.809, resp ...201425008965
bighorn sheep × domestic sheep hybrids survive mannheimia haemolytica challenge in the absence of vaccination.bighorn sheep (bhs, ovis canadensis) are much more susceptible than domestic sheep (ds, ovis aries) to pneumonia caused by leukotoxin (lkt)-producing members of the family pasteurellaceae, particularly mannheimia haemolytica and bibersteinia trehalosi. leukotoxin is widely accepted as the critical virulence factor of these bacteria since lkt-negative mutants do not cause death of bhs. typically, ds carry lkt-positive m. haemolytica and/or b. trehalosi as commensal bacteria in their nasopharynx. ...201424629771
complete closed genome sequences of three bibersteinia trehalosi nasopharyngeal isolates from cattle with shipping fever.bibersteinia trehalosi is a respiratory pathogen affecting cattle and related ruminants worldwide. b. trehalosi is closely related to mannheimia haemolytica and is often associated with bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc), a polymicrobial multifactorial disease. we present three complete closed genome sequences of this species generated using an automated assembly pipeline.201424526647
mortality of live export cattle on long-haul voyages: pathologic changes and pathogens.the cause of death in 215 cattle on 20 long-haul live export voyages from australia to the middle east, russia, and china was investigated between 2010 and 2012 using gross, histologic, and/or molecular pathology techniques. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay was used to detect nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria known to be associated with respiratory disease in cattle: bovine coronavirus (betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral dia ...201424518275
serum concentrations of haptoglobin and haptoglobin-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (hp-mmp 9) complexes of bovine calves in a bacterial respiratory challenge model.serum haptoglobin (hp) and haptoglobin matrix metalloproteinase 9 complexes (hp-mmp 9) have been identified as biomarkers with diagnostic potential in cattle with conditions resulting in an acute inflammatory response. the purpose of this study was to evaluate potential diagnostic applications of serum hp and hp-mmp 9 concentrations in calves with brd and establish a timeline for their detection in calves experimentally challenged with bibersteinia trehalosi and mannheimia haemolytica. thirty-fi ...201425480520
epizootic pneumonia of bighorn sheep following experimental exposure to mycoplasma ovipneumoniae.bronchopneumonia is a population limiting disease of bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis). the cause of this disease has been a subject of debate. leukotoxin expressing mannheimia haemolytica and bibersteinia trehalosi produce acute pneumonia after experimental challenge but are infrequently isolated from animals in natural outbreaks. mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, epidemiologically implicated in naturally occurring outbreaks, has received little experimental evaluation as a primary agent of bighorn sheep ...201425302992
randomized clinical trial to evaluate the pathogenicity of bibersteinia trehalosi in respiratory disease among calves.bibersteinia trehalosi causes respiratory disease in ruminants particularly in wild and domestic sheep. recently, there has been an increased number of b. trehalosi isolates obtained from diagnostic samples from bovine respiratory disease cases. this study evaluated the role of b. trehalosi in bovine respiratory disease using an intra-tracheal inoculation model in calves. thirty six cross bred 2-3 month old dairy calves were inoculated intra-tracheally with either leukotoxin negative b. trehalos ...201424745347
pathogens of bovine respiratory disease in north american feedlots conferring multidrug resistance via integrative conjugative elements.in this study, we determined the prevalence of bovine respiratory disease (brd)-associated viral and bacterial pathogens in cattle and characterized the genetic profiles, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and nature of antimicrobial resistance determinants in collected bacteria. nasopharyngeal swab and lung tissue samples from 68 brd mortalities in alberta, canada (n = 42), texas (n = 6), and nebraska (n = 20) were screened using pcr for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncy ...201424478472
immunogenicity of pasteurella multocida and mannheimia haemolytica outer membrane vesicles.pasteurella multocida is able to cause disease in humans and in a wide range of animal hosts, including fowl cholera in birds, atrophic rhinitis in pigs, and snuffles in rabbits. together with mannheimia haemolytica, p. multocida also represents a major bacterial causative agent of bovine respiratory disease (brd), which is one of the most important causes for economic losses for the cattle backgrounding and feedlot industry. commercially available vaccines only partially prevent infections caus ...201323731905
proteomic analysis and immunogenicity of mannheimia haemolytica vesicles.mannheimia haemolytica, a major causative agent in bovine respiratory disease, inflicts extensive losses each year on cattle producers. commercially available vaccines are only partially efficacious. immunity to m. haemolytica requires antibodies to secreted toxins and outer membrane proteins (omps) of the bacterium. gram-negative bacteria produce membrane blebs or vesicles, the membrane components of which are primarily derived from omps. accordingly, vesicles have been used as immunogens with ...201323239798
in vitro activity and rodent efficacy of clinafloxacin for bovine and swine respiratory disease.clinafloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone that was originally developed and subsequently abandoned in the late 1990s as a human health antibiotic for respiratory diseases. the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of clinafloxacin as a possible treatment for respiratory disease in cattle and pigs. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values were determined using clinical and laboratory standards institute recommended procedures with recent strains from the zoetis cultur ...201323785362
phylogenetic and epidemiologic relationships among pasteurellaceae from colorado bighorn sheep herds.we used 16s rrna sequencing and leukotoxin gene (lkta) screening via pcr assay to clarify phylogenetic and epidemiologic relationships among pasteurellaceae isolated from bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis). only six of 21 bighorn isolates identified as "mannheimia haemolytica" in original laboratory reports appeared to be isolates of m. haemolytica sensu stricto based on 16s rrna sequence comparisons; the remainder grouped with m. glucosida (n=8) or m. ruminalis (n=7). similarly, 16s rrna sequence ...201323778616
biochemical characterization of a polysialyltransferase from mannheimia haemolytica a2 and comparison to other bacterial polysialyltransferases.polysialic acids are bioactive carbohydrates found in eukaryotes and some bacterial pathogens. the bacterial polysialyltransferases (psts), which catalyze the synthesis of polysialic acid capsules, have previously been identified in select strains of escherichia coli and neisseria meningitidis and are classified in the carbohydrate-active enzymes database as glycosyltransferase family gt-38. in this study using dna sequence analysis and functional characterization we have identified a novel poly ...201323922842
gene expression profiling of bovine bronchial epithelial cells exposed in vitro to bovine herpesvirus 1 and mannheimia haemolytica.bovine respiratory disease (brd) often occurs when active respiratory virus infections (bhv-1, etc.) impair resistance to mannheimia haemolytica infection in the lower respiratory tract. the interactions that occur when the respiratory epithelium encounters these viral and bacterial pathogens are poorly understood. we used agilent bovine gene microarray chips containing 44,000 transcripts to elucidate bovine bronchial epithelial cell (bbec) responses following in vitro exposure to bhv-1 alone, m ...201323890750
effect of subtherapeutic vs. therapeutic administration of macrolides on antimicrobial resistance in mannheimia haemolytica and enterococci isolated from beef cattle.macrolides are the first-line treatment against bovine respiratory disease (brd), and are also used to treat infections in humans. the macrolide, tylosin phosphate, is often included in the diet of cattle as a preventative for liver abscesses in many regions of the world outside of europe. this study investigated the effects of administering macrolides to beef cattle either systemically through a single subcutaneous injection (therapeutic) or continuously in-feed (subtherapeutic), on the prevale ...201323750157
methodological comparisons for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in feedlot cattle.the purpose of this study was to objectively compare methodological approaches that might be utilized in designing an antimicrobial resistance (amr) surveillance program in beef feedlot cattle. specifically, four separate comparisons were made to investigate their potential impact on estimates for prevalence of amr. these included investigating potential differences between 2 different susceptibility testing methods (broth microdilution and disc diffusion), between 2 different target bacteria (n ...201324144185
bactericidal activity of tracheal antimicrobial peptide against respiratory pathogens of cattle.tracheal antimicrobial peptide (tap) is a β-defensin produced by mucosal epithelial cells of cattle. although effective against several human pathogens, the activity of this bovine peptide against the bacterial pathogens that cause bovine respiratory disease have not been reported. this study compared the antibacterial effects of synthetic tap against mannheimia haemolytica, histophilus somni, pasteurella multocida, and mycoplasma bovis. bactericidal activity against m. bovis was not detected. i ...201323333196
diversity of bacterial species in the nasal cavity of sheep in the highlands of ethiopia and first report of histophilus somni in the country.a study was conducted to isolate bacterial species/pathogens from the nasal cavity of apparently healthy and pneumonic sheep. nasal swabs were collected aseptically, transported in tryptose soya broth and incubated for 24 h. then, each swab was streaked onto chocolate and blood agar for culture. bacterial species were identified following standard bacteriological procedures. accordingly, a total of 1,556 bacteria were isolated from 960 nasal swabs collected from three different highland areas of ...201323328945
role of bibersteinia trehalosi, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza-3 virus in bighorn sheep pneumonia.pneumonic bighorn sheep (bhs) have been found to be culture- and/or sero-positive for bibersteinia trehalosi, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3). the objective of this study was to determine whether these pathogens can cause fatal pneumonia in bhs. in the first study, two groups of four bhs each were intra-tracheally administered with leukotoxin-positive (group i) or leukotoxin-negative (group ii) b. trehalosi. all four animals in group i developed severe pneumon ...201323025980
effect of calf age and administration route of initial multivalent modified-live virus vaccine on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following subsequent administration of a booster vaccination at weaning in beef calves.to compare immune responses following modified-live virus (mlv) vaccination at weaning after intranasal or sc administration of an mlv vaccine to beef calves at 2 or 70 days of age.201323363363
antimicrobial multidrug resistance and coresistance patterns of mannheimia haemolytica isolated from bovine respiratory disease cases--a three-year (2009-2011) retrospective analysis.bovine respiratory disease continues to be the most important ailment of feed yard cattle. while the disease is multifactorial in nature, therapy continues to target the primary bacterial pathogens, mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and histophilus somni. a survey of records from a single diagnostic laboratory was conducted to evaluate the percentage of m. haemolytica isolates that were resistant to multiple antimicrobials and if coresistance patterns could be detected. all suscepti ...201323572456
brief heat treatment causes a structural change and enhances cytotoxicity of the escherichia coli α-hemolysin.α-hemolysin (hly) is an important virulence factor for uropathogenic escherichia coli. hly is a member of the rtx family of exotoxins secreted by a number of gram-negative bacteria. recently, it was reported that a related rtx toxin, the mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin, exhibits increased cytotoxicity following brief heat treatment. in this article, we show that brief heat treatment (1 min at 100°c) increases cytotoxicity of hly for human bladder cells, kidney epithelial cells (a498) and neutr ...201322994841
histophilus somni causes extracellular trap formation by bovine neutrophils and macrophages.histophilus somni (formerly haemophilus somnus) is a gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacillus that causes respiratory, reproductive, cardiac and neuronal diseases in cattle. h. somni is a member of the bovine respiratory disease complex that causes severe bronchopneumonia in cattle. previously, it has been reported that bovine neutrophils and macrophages have limited ability to phagocytose and kill h. somni. recently, it was discovered that bovine neutrophils and macrophages produce extracellular ...201323022668
the ompa family of proteins: roles in bacterial pathogenesis and immunity.the ompa family of outer membrane proteins is a group of genetically related, heat-modifiable, surface-exposed, porin proteins that are in high-copy number in the outer membrane of mainly gram-negative bacteria. ompa proteins are characterized by an n-terminal domain that forms an eight-stranded, anti-parallel β barrel, which is embedded in the outer membrane. the c-terminal domain is globular and located in the periplasmic space. escherichia coli ompa is the best characterized of the proteins. ...201322986056
metabolizable protein supply modulated the acute-phase response following vaccination of beef steers.our objective was to evaluate the effects of mp supply, through rup supplementation, on the acute-phase response of beef steers following vaccination. on d 0, brangus-crossbred steers (n = 24; 173 ± 31 kg; 175 ± 16 d of age) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 isocaloric diets formulated to provide 85, 100, and 115% of the daily mp requirements of a beef steer gaining 0.66 kg of bw daily. diets were limit-fed at 1.8% of bw (dm basis) and individually provided to steers once daily (0800 h) f ...201324085408
an electrophoretic characterization of iron-transporting proteins in mannheimia haemolytica a1.iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (iromps) in mannheimia haemolytica a1, which function as a receptor for complexes containing iron ions, are induced by iron deficiency in the growth environment of the bacteria. densitometric analysis of sds-page separation showed expression of iromps of 71, 77, and 100 kda in the case of bacteria grown in a medium with 2,2-dipyridyl. the electrophoregrams obtained in 2-de separations confirmed the presence of protein fractions with these molecular weights ...201324195288
genome sequences of mannheimia haemolytica serotype a1 strains d153 and d193 from bovine pneumonia.here we report two genome sequences, one complete and one draft, from virulent bovine strains of mannheimia haemolytica serotype a1 recovered prior to the field usage of modern antimicrobial drugs.201324136851
susceptibility to tulathromycin in mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle over a 3-year period.mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle were tested for tulathromycin resistance. cattle were sampled over a 3-year period, starting 12 months after approval of tulathromycin for prevention and treatment of bovine respiratory disease. nasopharyngeal samples from approximately 5,814 cattle were collected when cattle entered feedlots (n = 4) and again from the same cattle after ≥60 days on feed. the antimicrobial use history for each animal was recorded. mannheimia haemolytica was isol ...201324130555
investigation of mannheimia haemolytica bacteriophages relative to host diversity.this study aimed to characterize the impact of lytic and temperate bacteriophages on the genetic and phenotypic diversity of mannheimia haemolytica from feedlot cattle.201323489937
pharmacodynamics of florfenicol for calf pneumonia pathogens.the antimicrobial properties of florfenicol were investigated for the bovine respiratory tract pathogens, mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida. three in vitro indices of efficacy and potency were determined; minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) and in vitro time-kill curves for six pathogenic strains of each organism. each was monitored in two matrices, mueller hinton broth (mhb) and calf serum. mbc:mic ratios were low, 1.8 : 1 for m haemol ...201323482237
sequence diversity of the leukotoxin (lkta) gene in caprine and ovine strains of mannheimia haemolytica.mannheimia haemolytica is the aetiological agent of pneumonic pasteurellosis in small ruminants. the primary virulence factor of the bacterium is a leukotoxin (lkta), which induces apoptosis in susceptible cells via mitochondrial targeting. it has been previously shown that certain lkta alleles are associated either with cattle or sheep. the objective of the present study was to investigate lkta sequence variation among ovine and caprine m haemolytica strains isolated from pneumonic lungs, revea ...201323396525
direct and indirect anti-inflammatory effects of tulathromycin in bovine macrophages: inhibition of cxcl-8 secretion, induction of apoptosis, and promotion of efferocytosis.recent evidence indicates that immunomodulation by antibiotics may enhance their clinical efficacy. specifically, drug-induced leukocyte apoptosis and macrophage efferocytosis have been shown to promote the resolution of inflammation in a variety of disease settings. tulathromycin is a new macrolide antibiotic for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease. the direct antimicrobial effects of the drug alone do not fully justify its superior clinical efficacy, and we hypothesize that tulathromyc ...201323295921
effects of vaccination on the acute-phase protein response and measures of performance in growing beef calves.two experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of vaccination on the acute-phase protein (app) reaction (exp. 1 and 2) and measures of performance (exp. 2) in growing beef calves. in exp. 1, the app reaction was assessed in newly weaned steers administered 1 of 3 treatments (n = 8 steers/treatment), consisting of 1) mannheimia haemolytica vaccine (one shot; pfizer inc., new york, ny), 2) clostridium vaccine (ultrabac 7; pfizer, inc.), or 3) saline-injected control. blood samples for th ...201323345563
bighorn sheep pneumonia: sorting out the cause of a polymicrobial disease.pneumonia of bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) is a dramatic disease of high morbidity and mortality first described more than 80 years ago. the etiology of the disease has been debated since its initial discovery, and at various times lungworms, mannheimia haemolytica and other pasteurellaceae, and mycoplasma ovipneumoniae have been proposed as primary causal agents. a multi-factorial "respiratory disease complex" has also been proposed as confirmation of causation has eluded investigators. in th ...201323253148
protoilludane sesquiterpenoids as scaffold structures for new antimicrobials against mannheimia haemolytica. 201323093036
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic integration and modelling of marbofloxacin in calves for mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida.the pharmacokinetics (pk) and pharmacodynamics (pd) of marbofloxacin were established in calves for six strains of each of the pneumonia pathogens mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida. the distribution of marbofloxacin into inflamed (exudate) and non-inflamed (transudate) tissue cage fluids allowed comparison with the serum concentration-time profile. to establish the pd profile, minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined in mueller-hinton broth (mhb) and calf serum. moder ...201323084327
relationship between serotype and the antimicrobial susceptibility of mannheimia haemolytica isolates collected between 1991 and 2010.the antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotype distribution of 310 mannheimia haemolytica isolates obtained from cattle with bovine respiratory disease during 2002-2010 were investigated. of the 310 isolates, 198 (63.9%) were resistant to at least one of the 16 tested antimicrobial agents. the resistance rates for ampicillin, amoxicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, and danofloxacin were 20.3%, 14.5% ...201323063258
transmission dynamics of mannheimia haemolytica in newly-received beef bulls at fattening operations.the primary objective of this study was to determine, at the lung level, whether single or multiple clones of mannheimia haemolytica are present within a pen during a bovine respiratory disease (brd) episode. a secondary objective was to assess whether m. haemolytica isolates obtained from nasal swabs (ns) are identical to those isolated deeper within the respiratory tract. sixteen brd episodes that naturally occurred in 12 pens of eight to 12 bulls (n=112) newly-received at three fattening oper ...201322901531
concentrations of haptoglobin in bovine plasma determined by elisa or a colorimetric method based on peroxidase activity.the objective was to compare different procedures for determination of haptoglobin in bovine plasma. nine angus steers were vaccinated against mannheimia haemolytica to stimulate an acute-phase response. blood samples were collected immediately prior to vaccination (day 0), and on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10. plasma samples were frozen in duplicates at -80 °c. one set of the duplicates was analysed for haptoglobin concentrations using a commercial elisa kit. a day effect was detected (p < 0.01) becau ...201322487219
bivalent vaccination against pneumonic pasteurellosis in domestic sheep and goats with modified-live in-frame lkta deletion mutants of mannheimia haemolytica.a temperature-sensitive shuttle vector, pbb80c, was utilized to generate in-frame deletion mutants of the leukotoxin structural gene (lkta) of mannheimia haemolytica serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 12. culture supernatants from the mutants contained a truncated protein with an approximate molecular weight of 66 kda which was reactive to anti-leukotoxin monoclonal antibody. no protein reactive to anti-lkta monoclonal antibody was detected at the molecular weight 100-105 kda of native lkta. she ...201324021458
maternally and naturally acquired antibody to mannheimia haemolytica in japanese black calves.we investigated the dynamics and duration of antibody titer against mannheimia haemolytica in japanese black calves. twenty unvaccinated calves from two japanese black breeding farms in kagoshima prefecture, japan, were studied. the antibody titer against m. haemolytica reached the lowest level at 8 weeks of age after birth. calves began producing antibody against m. haemolytica by themselves between 8 and 12 weeks of age. the results of this study might help designing a vaccination program agai ...201323965848
complete genome sequence of mannheimia haemolytica strain 42548 from a case of bovine respiratory disease.mannheimia haemolytica is the major bacterial component in the bovine respiratory disease complex, which accounts for considerable economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. the complete genome sequence of m. haemolytica strain 42548 was determined. it has a size of 2.73 mb and contains 2,888 genes, including several antibiotic resistance genes.201323723408
complete closed genome sequences of mannheimia haemolytica serotypes a1 and a6, isolated from cattle.mannheimia haemolytica is a respiratory pathogen affecting cattle and related ruminants worldwide. m. haemolytica is commonly associated with bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc), a polymicrobial multifactorial disease. we present the first two complete closed genome sequences of this species, determined using an automated assembly pipeline requiring no manual finishing.201323682137
a study on ovine pneumonic pasteurellosis: isolation and identification of pasteurellae and their antibiogram susceptibility pattern in haramaya district, eastern hararghe, ethiopia.sheep constitute the second major component of livestock in ethiopia. however, efficient utilization of this potential resource is hampered by combination of health problems, poor management and feed shortage. haramaya district is one of the remote settings in ethiopia where information about the livestock disease is not well documented. hence this study was conducted to determine the causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial pasteurella isolates among pneumoni ...201324289236
effect of mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia on behavior and physiologic responses of calves during high ambient environmental temperatures.the objective of this study was to determine the effect of pneumonia during conditions of high (maximum ≥ 32°c) ambient temperatures on physiological and behavioral responses of calves. eighteen black beef heifers averaging 240 kg were blocked by bw and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: 1) pneumonia induced by bronchoselective endoscopic inoculation with mannheimia haemolytica (mh; n = 10) and 2) noninoculated controls (cn; n = 8). nasal passage and rectal temperatures were measured ...201323658357
mannheimia haemolytica a1-induced fibrinosuppurative meningoencephalitis in a naturally-infected holstein-friesian calf.mannheimia haemolytica is an opportunistic bacterium that is widely recognized among the bovine respiratory disease complex as the predominant pathogen causing broncho- and pleuropneumonia in cattle. among the characterized m. haemolytica serotypes, a1 is the major cause of severe pulmonary lesions in cattle. this report describes post-mortem findings in a holstein-friesian calf with fibrinosuppurative meningoencephalitis and fibrinonecrotizing, haemorrhagic broncho- and pleuropneumonia, from wh ...201323582969
draft genome sequence of a mannheimia haemolytica serotype 6 isolate collected from the nasopharynx of a beef calf with bovine respiratory disease.the draft genome of a mannheimia haemolytica serotype 6 isolate obtained from the nasopharynx of a feedlot calf with bovine respiratory disease is described.201323558528
lkta and plpe small fragments fusion protein protect against mannheimia haemolytica challenge.bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex is a major cause of economic losses for the cattle backgrounding and feedlot industries. mannheimia haemolytica is considered the most important pathogen associated with this disease. vaccines against m. haemolytica have been prepared and used for many decades, but traditional bacterins have failed to demonstrate effective protection and their use has often exacerbated disease in vaccinated animals. thus, the brd complex continues to exert a strong advers ...201222840333
first documented surgical case of human aortic valve endocarditis caused by pasteurella haemolytica. 201222474757
interaction between mammalian cells and pasteurella multocida b:2. adherence, invasion and intracellular survival.a pasteurella multocida b:2 strain from a case of bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia (hs) and a derivative, jrmt12, that was attenuated by a deletion in the aroa gene, were shown to adhere to, invade and survive within cultured embryonic bovine lung (ebl) cells. by comparison, bovine strains of mannheimia haemolytica serotype a1 and p. multocida serotype a:3, although able to adhere to ebl cells, were not found intracellularly. the b:2 strains were viable intracellularly over a 7 h period, although ...201222445819
mucosal and parenteral vaccination against pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle with a modified-live in-frame lkta deletion mutant of mannheimia haemolytica.a new temperature-conditional shuttle vector, pbb80c, was constructed and utilized to generate an in-frame deletion in the leukotoxin structural gene of mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1. culture supernatants from the mutant contained no detectable cytotoxicity to bl-3 lymphocyte targets, and contained a new protein with an approximate molecular weight of 66 kda which was reactive to anti-leukotoxin monoclonal antibody. no protein reactive to anti-lkta monoclonal antibody was detected at the mol ...201222401911
increased mics of gamithromycin and tildipirosin in the presence of the genes erm(42) and msr(e)-mph(e) for bovine pasteurella multocida and mannheimia haemolytica. 201222398653
in vivo gene expression in mannheimia haemolytica a1 during a time-course trial in the bovine host.the objective of this study is to examine the expression of mannheimia haemolytica genes over time during the early stage of infection. in addition, gene expression at different sites of infection in the bovine host was examined. a time-course experiment was designed to collect pharyngeal swabs and lung washings from the same animals over two time points. six calves were experimentally challenged with m. haemolytica a1; pharyngeal swabs were collected from all animals 5h post infection. three ca ...201222386672
pyogenic cervical spondylitis caused by pasteurella haemolytica attributed to excessive contact with dogs. 201222385592
a rapid microtiter plate serum bactericidal assay method for determining serum complement-mediated killing of mannheimia haemolytica.in this study, we describe a rapid microtiter serum bactericidal assay (rmsba) that can be used to measure the functionality of immune sera. it quantifies bactericidal activity of immune sera in the presence of complement against a homologous bacterium, m. haemolytica in this case. there is high correlation between data from rmsba and standard complement-mediated bacterial killing assay (r=0.756; p<0.0001). the rmsba activity of sera can be generated in less than 5 h instead of overnight incubat ...201222366301
cross protection of a mannheimia haemolytica a1 lkt-/pasteurella multocida δhyae bovine respiratory disease vaccine against experimental challenge with mannheimia haemolytica a6 in calves.bovine respiratory disease causes significant economic losses in both beef and dairy calf industries. although multi-factorial in nature, the disease is characterized by an acute fibrinous lobar pneumonia typically associated with the isolation of mannheimia haemolytica. m. haemolytica a1 and a6 are the two most commonly isolated serotypes from cattle, however, the majority of vaccines have not demonstrated cross-serotype protection. in the current study, the efficacy of a novel, attenuated live ...201222306859
clinicopathological observations in experimental peste des petit ruminants virus and mannheimia haemolytica a:2 co-infection in goats.the experiment describes for the first time the clinicopathological features of the co-infection of peste des petit ruminants (ppr) virus and mannheimia haemolytica,in goats. twenty clinically healthy goats, six months of age were used. 15 goats were infected by intratracheal inoculation of 1ml of pure cultured 106.5 tcid50 ppr virus grown in baby hamster kidney cell lines, and a week later,1 ml of pure culture (109 cfu) of mannheimia haemolytica (mh)a2 to study its clinico-pathological features ...201223652226
pharmacodynamics of oxytetracycline administered alone and in combination with carprofen in calves.the pharmacodynamics (pd) of oxytetracycline was investigated against a strain of mannheimia haemolytica. in vitro measurements, comprising minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), minimum bactericidal concentration and time-kill curves, were conducted in five matrices; mueller hinton broth (mhb), cation-adjusted mhb (camhb) and calf serum, exudate and transudate. mics were much higher in the biological fluids than in mhb and camhb. ratios of mic were, serum: camhb 19 : 1; exudate:camhb 16.1; tra ...201222843613
pasteurella (mannheimia) haemolytica septicemia in an infant: a case report.septicemia due to pasteurella (mannheimia) haemolytica is a rare occurrence. we report a fatal case of m. haemolytica septicemia in a seven-month-old infant who presented with prolonged fever, sepsis, and pneumonitis without discernable preceding history of animal bites or contact. rare cases of systemic mannheimia infections are reviewed and summarized.201222842946
adenosine-5'-triphosphate release by mannheimia haemolytica, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-1 stimulated bovine pulmonary epithelial cells.mannheimia haemolytica, one of the agents associated with bovine respiratory disease complex, can cause severe lung pathology including the leakage of vascular products into the airways and alveoli. previous work by this laboratory has demonstrated that bovine lung endothelial and epithelial cells undergo dramatic permeability increases when exposed to adenosine-5'-triphosphate (atp). therefore, we wanted to determine if atp levels were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples from calve ...201222771196
mhc class ii dr allelic diversity in bighorn sheep.we hypothesized that decreased diversity and/or unique polymorphisms in mhc class ii alleles of bighorn sheep (bhs, ovis canadensis) are responsible for lower titer of antibodies against mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin, in comparison to domestic sheep (ds, ovis aries). to test this hypothesis, dra and drb transcripts from 24 captive bhs (ovca-dra and ovca-drb) were sequenced. based on exon 2 (β1 domain) sequences, eight different ovca-drb cdna sequences were identified in bhs. six of them were ...201222750296
comparative minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention drug concentrations of enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, tilmicosin and tulathromycin against bovine clinical isolates of mannheimia haemolytica.mannheimia haemolytica is the most prevalent cause of bovine respiratory disease (brd) and this disease accounts for 75% of morbidity, 50-70% of feedlot deaths and is estimated to cost up to $1 billion dollars annually in the usa. antimicrobial therapy is essential for reducing morbidity, mortality and impacting on the financial burden of this disease. due to the concern of increasing antimicrobial resistance, investigation of antibacterial agents for their potential for selecting for resistance ...201222677482
molecular epidemiology of mannheimia haemolytica and mannheimia glucosida associated with ovine mastitis.while mannheimia haemolytica and mannheimia glucosida have been recognized as causes of intramammary infection in sheep, there has been no investigation of the epidemiology of the strains involved. pulsed field gel electrophoresis was used to study the molecular epidemiology of isolates of these 2 species associated with ovine mastitis. ten distinct strains were recognized among 12 m. haemolytica isolates, and 7 distinct strains among 13 m. glucosida isolates. the results demonstrate a high dive ...201222621951
a ten-year (2000-2009) study of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria that cause bovine respiratory disease complex--mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and histophilus somni--in the united states and canada.bovine isolates of mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and histophilus somni, collected from 2000 to 2009, were tested for in vitro susceptibility to ceftiofur, penicillin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tetracycline, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin. ceftiofur remained very active against all isolates. penicillin retained good activity against p. multocida and h. somni isolates with no appreciable changes in susceptibility or minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) distribution ...201222914822
evidence-based effectiveness of vaccination against mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and histophilus somni in feedlot cattle for mitigating the incidence and effect of bovine respiratory disease complex.bovine respiratory disease complex is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. a number of vaccines against bacterial respiratory pathogens are commercially available and researchers have studied their impact on morbidity, mortality, and other disease outcome measures in feedlot cattle. a systematic review will provide veterinarians with a rigorous and transparent evaluation of the published literature to estimate the extent of vaccine effect. unfortunately, the published ...201222374120
stress significantly increases mortality following a secondary bacterial respiratory infection.a variety of mechanisms contribute to the viral-bacterial synergy which results in fatal secondary bacterial respiratory infections. epidemiological investigations have implicated physical and psychological stressors as factors contributing to the incidence and severity of respiratory infections and psychological stress alters host responses to experimental viral respiratory infections. the effect of stress on secondary bacterial respiratory infections has not, however, been investigated. a natu ...201222435642
bronchopneumonia in two dairy calves associated with mannheimia species cluster v infection.the pathological, bacteriological, and molecular findings of two 3-week-old holstein calves with bronchopneumonia are presented. heavy pure growth of a mannheimia species most closely aligned with the unnamed cluster v strains on the basis of 16s ribosomal rna sequencing was detected in the lungs of both calves in association with bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. while mannheimia species closely related to cluster v strains have occasionally been reported in association with pneumon ...201222956485
mannheimia haemolytica and its leukotoxin cause macrophage extracellular trap formation by bovine macrophages.human and bovine neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (nets), which are protein-studded dna matrices capable of extracellular trapping and killing of pathogens. recently, we reported that bovine neutrophils release nets in response to the important respiratory pathogen mannheimia haemolytica and its leukotoxin (lkt). here, we demonstrate macrophage extracellular trap (met) formation by bovine monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to m. haemolytica or its lkt. both native fully activ ...201222354029
temporal variation of microbiological and chemical quality of noncarbonated bottled drinking water sold in sri lanka.use of bottled water in sri lanka has increased over the last decade, while new brands of bottled water are often introduced to the market. however, the manufacturers' adherence to bottled water regulations is questionable, raising concerns regarding the quality of bottled water. the objective of the current study was to investigate the microbiological and chemical quality of bottled water in sri lanka. thirty bottled water brands were sampled and their chemical and microbiological parameters we ...201222384963
proximity-dependent inhibition of growth of mannheimia haemolytica by pasteurella multocida.mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and bibersteinia trehalosi have been identified in the lungs of pneumonic bighorn sheep (bhs; ovis canadensis). of these pathogens, m. haemolytica has been shown to consistently cause fatal pneumonia in bhs under experimental conditions. however, m. haemolytica has been isolated by culture less frequently than the other bacteria. we hypothesized that the growth of m. haemolytica is inhibited by other bacteria in the lungs of bhs. the objective of th ...201222798357
pasteurellaceae isolated from bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) from idaho, oregon, and wyoming.to elucidate the species and biovariants of pasteurellaceae isolated from clinically normal bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) or bighorn sheep with evidence of respiratory disease.201222738054
causes of pneumonia epizootics among bighorn sheep, western united states, 2008-2010.epizootic pneumonia of bighorn sheep is a devastating disease of uncertain etiology. to help clarify the etiology, we used culture and culture-independent methods to compare the prevalence of the bacterial respiratory pathogens mannheimia haemolytica, bibersteinia trehalosi, pasteurella multocida, and mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in lung tissue from 44 bighorn sheep from herds affected by 8 outbreaks in the western united states. m. ovipneumoniae, the only agent detected at significantly higher prev ...201222377321
multiplex pcr to identify macrolide resistance determinants in mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida.the bacterial pathogens mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida are major etiological agents in respiratory tract infections of cattle. although these infections can generally be successfully treated with veterinary macrolide antibiotics, a few recent isolates have shown resistance to these drugs. macrolide resistance in members of the family pasteurellaceae is conferred by combinations of at least three genes: erm(42), which encodes a monomethyltransferase and confers a type i mls(b) ( ...201222564832
inhibition of protein synthesis on the ribosome by tildipirosin compared with other veterinary macrolides.tildipirosin is a 16-membered-ring macrolide developed to treat bacterial pathogens, including mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida, that cause respiratory tract infections in cattle and swine. here we evaluated the efficacy of tildipirosin at inhibiting protein synthesis on the ribosome (50% inhibitory concentration [ic(50)], 0.23 ± 0.01 μm) and compared it with the established veterinary macrolides tylosin, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin. mutation and methylation at key rrna nucleot ...201222926570
serum igg response in calves to the putative pneumonic virulence factor gs60 of mannheimia haemolytica a1.bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis vaccines incorporate various antigens of mannheimia haemolytica, including the acknowledged virulence factor leukotoxin (lkt), and gs60, a surface lipoprotein. to examine the role of antibodies to gs60 in protection, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for retrospective analysis of serum samples from previous trials in which vaccines containing native or recombinant gs60 were administered parenterally. the analysis revealed a positive correl ...201223543955
transcriptome profile of a bovine respiratory disease pathogen: mannheimia haemolytica phl213.computational methods for structural gene annotation have propelled gene discovery but face certain drawbacks with regards to prokaryotic genome annotation. identification of transcriptional start sites, demarcating overlapping gene boundaries, and identifying regulatory elements such as small rna are not accurate using these approaches. in this study, we re-visit the structural annotation of mannheimia haemolytica phl213, a bovine respiratory disease pathogen. m. haemolytica is one of the causa ...201223046475
ICEPmu1, an integrative conjugative element (ICE) of Pasteurella multocida: structure and transfer.Background Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) have not been detected in Pasteurella multocida. In this study the multiresistance ICEPmu1 from bovine P. multocida was analysed for its core genes and its ability to conjugatively transfer into strains of the same and different genera. Methods ICEPmu1 was identified during whole genome sequencing. Coding sequences were predicted by bioinformatic tools and manually curated using the annotation software ERGO. Conjugation into P. multocida, M ...201222001176
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