| electrospray mass spectrometry for characterization of lipid a from enterobacter agglomerans. | negative ion and positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry have been employed to characterize the lipid a mixture produced by hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharides from enterobacter agglomerans, a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in field cotton. neutral monophosphoryl lipid a molecules form stable anions via deprotonation, but adduct formation via cation attachment occurs in low yield. dephosphorylated lipid a molecules, on the other hand, readily form adducts with na+, whereas deprotonatio ... | 1993 | 8431503 |
| lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins of limulus amebocyte lysate. | limulus amebocyte lysate, obtained from horseshoe crab (limulus polyphemus) blood cells, contains a coagulation system which is activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). a chromatographic fraction of limulus lysate, containing the endotoxin-sensitive factor(s) which initiates the coagulation cascade, was studied. we utilized a photoreactive, cleavable, radiolabeled derivative of salmonella minnesota lps, lps-(p-azidosalicylamido)-1,3'-dithiopropionamide (lps-asd), to identify lps-binding ... | 1993 | 8432586 |
| domain structure, functional activity, and polymerization of trout complement protein c9. | the 3' region of trout c9 has been resequenced and found to differ from the previously published sequence (stanley and herz, embo j. 6:1951; 1987). in contrast to other sequenced c9 molecules, but in common with the other terminal complement components, trout c9 was found to contain an additional carboxy terminal thrombospondin domain. this domain does not restrict polymerization, as has been previously suggested (stanley and luzio, nature 334:475; 1988), since alternative pathway activation of ... | 1993 | 8449252 |
| sequential anti-core glycolipid immunoglobulin antibody activities in patients with and without septic shock and their relation to outcome. | this study follows the sequential changes in anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies in infected patients with and without septic shock. | 1993 | 8452409 |
| comparison of the induction of endotoxin tolerance in endotoxemia and peritonitis by monophosphoryl lipid a and lipopolysaccharide. | we compared the induction of endotoxin tolerance with salmonella minnesota monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl), a nontoxic derivative of lipid a, and s. minnesota endotoxin (lps) in lethal endotoxemia and peritonitis. lethal endotoxemia was induced by injecting 750 micrograms/mouse lps intravenously. cecal ligation and perforation was used to induce peritonitis. tumor necrosis factor (tnf) was measured by immunoassay at 2 hr after lethal endotoxin infusion and 24 hr after peritonitis. a dose of 0.1 mic ... | 1993 | 8453743 |
| effects of two magainin peptides on eicosanoid release from rat peritoneal macrophages. | magainins are novel polycationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including activity against gram-negative bacteria. gram-negative bacteremia can elicit endotoxic shock that is associated with the increased formation of eicosanoids. inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis has been shown to improve the outcome of experimental endotoxic shock. the aim of the present study was to test the in vitro effects of two magainin peptides, msi-97 (m1) and msi-98 (m2), on eicosanoid synthesis ... | 1993 | 8460910 |
| abrogation of suppression of delayed hypersensitivity induced by candida albicans-derived mannan by treatment with monophosphoryl lipid a. | monophosphoryl lipid a (mla), derived either from salmonella minnesota or salmonella typhimurium, was tested for its ability to alter candida albicans mannan (man)-specific suppression. since we showed previously that naive mice injected intravenously (i.v.) with man developed suppressor t cells capable of down-regulating delayed-type hypersensitivity when transferred to immunized recipients, mla was tested for its ability to influence suppressor activity in the donors of suppressor cells. t-lym ... | 1993 | 8478102 |
| research note: differential chemotaxis of physarum polycephalum to salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum. | the chemotactic and chemotropic responses of the plasmodial stage of the slime mold physarum polycephalum were used to distinguish salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum from 10 salmonella serovars that are commonly isolated from domestic poultry. utilizing an in vitro plasmodium agar plate assay method, p. polycephalum was attracted to s. gallinarum and s. pullorum, but the organism was repelled by salmonella derby, salmonella dublin, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella heidelberg, salmon ... | 1993 | 8479960 |
| diphosphoryl lipid a from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides induces tolerance to endotoxic shock in the rat. | to examine the hemodynamic effects of diphosphoryl lipid a from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and to examine the ability of this substance to induce tolerance to endotoxic shock. | 1993 | 8482097 |
| the anti-lipid a antibody ha-1a binds to rough gram-negative bacteria, fixes complement and facilitates binding to erythrocyte cr1 (cd35). | moabs to bacterial cell wall lipopolysaccharide are currently under evaluation for the treatment of gram-negative sepsis. the mode of action of these reagents remains poorly understood. in this study we examined the ability of radiolabelled ha-1a (an igm anti-lipid a moab) to bind in vitro to salmonella minnesota (re 595), escherichia coli, and streptococcus pyogenes. ha-1a was able to bind specifically to the 'rough' mutant salm. minnesota, but not to a 'smooth' e. coli, or strep. pyogenes. bin ... | 1993 | 8485908 |
| inhibition of lipid a- and lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine secretion, b cell mitogenesis, and lethal shock by lipid a-specific murine monoclonal antibodies. | three murine hybridomas secreting igm monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to lipid a (la) of salmonella minnesota r595 were generated. these mabs serologically cross-reacted with la and lipopolysaccharide (lps) of unrelated gram-negative bacterial species. all three mabs significantly suppressed the ability of la and lps from various gram-negative bacteria to induce tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha (36%-67%) and interleukin-1 (30%-98%) in murine peritoneal macrophages and to stimulate b lymphocytes (3 ... | 1993 | 8486948 |
| comparison of lipids a of several salmonella and escherichia strains by 252cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry. | plasma desorption mass spectrometry has recently been used with success to characterize underivatized lipid a preparations: the major molecular species present give signals indicating their masses, from which probable compositions could be inferred by using the overall composition determined by chemical analyses. in the present study, plasma desorption mass spectrometry was used to compare structures in lipid a preparations isolated from several smooth and rough strains of escherichia and salmon ... | 1993 | 8491718 |
| fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization of the lamellar and nonlamellar structures of free lipid a and re lipopolysaccharides from salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli. | the structural polymorphism of free lipid a and deep rough mutant lipopolysaccharide (lps re) from salmonella minnesota strain r595 and escherichia coli strain f515 was characterized by fourier transform infrared (ir) spectroscopy. for this, the beta <--> alpha phase states and the three-dimensional supramolecular structures, the latter deduced from small-angle synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction, were investigated at different water contents, mg2+ concentrations, and temperatures. the analy ... | 1993 | 8494979 |
| treatment of candida albicans mannan-specific downregulatory cell populations with divergent concentrations of monophosphoryl lipid a and intact lipopolysaccharide in vitro abrogates their effect on delayed hypersensitivity. | we have shown previously that splenocytes from mice injected with candida albicans mannan (man) suppress man-specific delayed hypersensitivity (dh) when transferred to immunized recipients and that treatment of donor mice with monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) derived from salmonella typhimurium or salmonella minnesota shortly before transfer abrogated the downregulatory activity. we now show that treatment of splenocytes in vitro at 4 degrees c with 5 ng/ml mla or 0.05 ng/ml s. typhimurium lipopolys ... | 1996 | 8548849 |
| the animal lectin galectin-3 interacts with bacterial lipopolysaccharides via two independent sites. | galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside binding protein expressed by activated macrophages, epithelial cells, and certain other cell types. galectin-3 has a c-terminal carbohydrate binding domain, an n-terminal part consisting of a proline- and glycine-rich repetitive domain, and a small n-terminal domain. two independent lps binding sites on galectin-3 were demonstrated by binding of biotinylated lps to immobilized recombinant galectin-3. one appears to be the carbohydrate binding site in the c-termin ... | 1996 | 8568262 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies directed to hanganutziu-deicher active gangliosides, n-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing gangliosides. | we have established three kinds of monoclonal antibodies against gangliosides containing n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neugc) by immunization of balb/c mice with the purified gangliosides inserted into liposomes comprising salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharides, and fusion of spleen cells with a mouse myeloma cell line. one monoclonal antibody, shs-1, which was generated by immunizing mice with purified i-active ganglioside(neugc), reacted specifically with the i-active ganglioside(neugc) us ... | 1995 | 8586620 |
| biotinylated lipopolysaccharide binds to endotoxin receptor in endothelial and monocytic cells. | endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (lps), a major cell surface component of gram-negative bacteria, which could bind to different cell types when released into the bloodstream, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of septic shock syndromes. we have established a biotinylation procedure for labeling purified lps molecules from salmonella minnesota r595 and escherichia coli j5 bacteria. the biotin group was conjugated to the bacterial lps either by chemical oxidation of the lps carbohydrate moiet ... | 1995 | 8747478 |
| activation of murine lymphocytes by lipopolysaccharide incorporated in fusogenic, reconstituted influenza virus envelopes (virosomes). | we have studied the in vitro activation of murine lymphocytes with lps incorporated in the membranes of both phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) and vesicles composed of fusogenic, reconstituted influenza virus envelopes (virosomes). the incorporation of salmonella minnesota rough-lps in liposomes reduced the potency of lps to stimulate splenocyte proliferation and cell surface kappa-light chain expression on 70 z/3 pre-b cells by over 100-fold. salmonella minnesota rough-lps inserted into virosom ... | 1996 | 8757606 |
| planar asymmetric lipid bilayers of glycosphingolipid or lipopolysaccharide on one side and phospholipids on the other: membrane potential, porin function, and complement activation. | we have determined some physicochemical properties of the monosaccharide-type fraction (gsl-1) of glycosphingolipids, the major glycolipid components of the outer leaflet of the gram-negative species sphingomonas paucimobilis. these properties included the state of order of the hydrocarbon moiety, the effective molecular area, surface charge density, and intrinsic transmembrane potential profile of reconstituted planar asymmetric gsl-1/phospholipid bilayer membranes. we have, furthermore, invest ... | 1996 | 8770208 |
| fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of lipopolysaccharide in detergent micelles. | bacterial endotoxins or lipopolysaccharides (lps), cell wall components of gram-negative bacteria, are involved in septic shock. lps consists of a lipid a tail attached to core and o-antigen polysaccharides, but little is known about the supramolecular structure of lps in blood. we have developed an approach to locate donor and acceptor probes in sulfobetaine palmitate detergent micelles using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer. c18-fluorescein and several lps ... | 1996 | 8789116 |
| specific serological response by active immunization with gd3-bearing liposomes. | gd3 is the most prominent ganglioside on the surface of human melanoma cells, and therefore it has been considered by several investigators as a potential tool for active immunotherapy of melanoma. the main obstacle to this goal is that gd3 is poorly immunogenic in mice and in humans. several approaches have been described for increasing the gd3 immunogenicity. here, the immunogenicity of gd3 ganglioside was investigated by vaccination of balb/c x c57b1/6 f1 mice with several types of gd3-bearin ... | 1996 | 8819493 |
| immunopharmacological activities of the nontoxic monophosphoryl lipid a of porphyromonas gingivalis. | the low endotoxic lipid a derived from porphyromonas gingivalis 381, 1-phospho beta(1-6)-linked glucosamine disaccharide with 3-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecanoyl and 3-hexadecanoyloxy-15-methylhexadecanoyl groups at the 2- and 2'-positions, respectively, induced mitogenic responses in lps low responder c3h/hej as well as lps responder c3h/hen mouse splenocytes. the mitogenic activities of p. gingivalis lipid a in splenocytes of lps responder mice were comparable to that of the synthetic escherichia ... | 1996 | 8821652 |
| growth of chlamydia pneumoniae in cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induction of a cytokine response. | in vitro infection of freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hpbmc) with chlamydia pneumoniae was found to induce a production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), interleukin-6 (il-6) and interferon alpha (ifn-alpha). the secretion was dependent on the amount of infecting chlamydiae and most of it occurred during the first 12 to 24 h. lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota rechemotype, used as a positive control for hpbmc act ... | 1996 | 8878018 |
| an experimental animal model of primary biliary cirrhosis induced by lipopolysaccharide and pyruvate dehydrogenase. | previously, we found that the antibody titer belonging to the igm class produced against the bacterial antigen (lipid a) was elevated in sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc). on the other hand, the targets of the mitochondrial autoantibodies have been identified as being components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pdh). we tried to produce an experimental animal model for the investigation of the association between hepatic bile duct alteration and bacterial infection. f ... | 1996 | 8942137 |
| endotoxic properties of free lipid a from porphyromonas gingivalis. | the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity of the lipid a from porphyromonas gingivalis, which we recently isolated and whose complete chemical structure was determined [kumada et al. (1995). j bacteriol 177, 2098-2106], was studied. the lipid a exhibited endotoxic activity in all the assay systems tested: limulus gelation activity, lethal toxicity in galactosamine-sensitized mice, mitogenicity in mouse spleen cells and induction of nitric oxide (no) and tumour necrosis ... | 1997 | 9025279 |
| stimulation of splenocytes in c3h/hej mice with porphyromonas gingivalis lipid a in comparison with enterobacterial lipid a. | porphyromonas gingivalis 381 lipid a induced strong mitogenic response in splenic b cells separated from lps-non-responsive c3h/hej mice as well as lps-responsive c3h/hen mice, by using a magnetic cell sorting system. the lipid a also exhibited mitogenic activity in splenic t cells. p. gingivalis lipid a induced lower production of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) in splenic macrophage cultures and exhibited a comparable il-6 producing activity in splenic b cells of c3h/hen mice as compared to esc ... | 1996 | 9061380 |
| [comparative characterization of the physico-chemical properties of lipopolysaccharides of yersinia pestis and r-mutants of enterobacteria]. | electrokinetic potentials (ekp) of the cells of r mutants of escherichia coli and salmonella minnesota and cells of yersinia pestis strains ev (line niieg), 358/12 p-, twj, java, and 231 (708) were determined, as well as ekp of lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations isolated from these bacteria. the electric characteristics of the cell surfaces of the strains under investigation were demonstrated to correlate with the lps charge and the reduction extent of their molecules. acidic hydrolysis of lp ... | 1996 | 9102553 |
| hydrolysis of thalidomide abrogates its ability to enhance mononuclear cell synthesis of il-2 as well as its ability to suppress the synthesis of tnf-alpha. | thalidomide is effective in the treatment of inflammatory conditions like erythema nodosum leprosum in leprosy patients, and aphthous ulcers in aids patients. its mechanism of action is uncertain and reports of its effect on the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines such as il-2 and tnf-alpha are contradictory. as thalidomide is labile to spontaneous hydrolysis at ph 7.4, studies were carried out to explore the effects of deliberate hydrolysis or the ability of thalidomide to modulated cytokine pr ... | 1997 | 9129992 |
| structural characterization of lipid a obtained from pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharide. | lipopolysaccharide isolated from pantoea agglomerans showed higher priming and triggering activities for macrophages in terms of tumor necrosis factor production than other lipopolysaccharides. to identify the difference in biological activities of lipopolysaccharide of pantoea agglomerans from other lipopolysaccharides on the basis of structure, we determined the structure of the lipid a part, which is the biological center of lipopolysaccharides, by quantitative analysis, nuclear magnetic reso ... | 1997 | 9141664 |
| recognition of antigenic epitopes in lipopolysaccharide and protein from actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by serum antibodies in untreated rapidly progressive periodontitis patients. | actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been associated with early-onset periodontitis, including the localized juvenile and rapidly progressive forms. the immunodominant antigens of a. actinomycetemcomitans recognized by rapidly progressive periodontitis patients remain unidentified. sera from 22 patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis and 20 periodontally normal subjects were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for immunoglobulin g antibodies to whole-cell sonicate, pr ... | 1997 | 9151639 |
| analysis of a monophosphoryl lipid a immunostimulant preparation from salmonella minnesota r595 by high-performance liquid chromatography. | mpl immunostimulant, a 4'-monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) preparation obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella minnesota r595, is being developed for several clinical indications. mpl comprises a mixture of mla congeners that contain 4, 5, and 6 fatty acids. in this paper, we report a new high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method for analyzing the congener composition and purity of mpl. mpl is first derivatized with dinitrobenzyloxyamine (dnba), resulting in incorporation of th ... | 1997 | 9177005 |
| immunization with antibodies that mimic lps protects against gram negative bacterial sepsis. | we developed 9h1.b11, an anti-idiotypic anti-deep core/lipid a (dcla), murine monoclonal antibody (mab) that mimics the conserved dcla region of lipopolysaccharide (lps). it recognizes an epitope in the variable region of an dcla mab, binds to the murine macrophage cell surface, and inhibits lps-induced macrophage cytokine secretion. we hypothesized that (1) active immunization with mab 9h1.b11 would be associated with the development of anti-dcla antibodies and (2) immunization would protect ag ... | 1997 | 9224390 |
| lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins and their involvement in the bacterial clearance from the hemolymph of the silkworm bombyx mori. | proteins having the ability to bind to escherichia coli k12w3110 (rough (r) mutant) were isolated and purified by affinity precipitation from the larval hemolymph of the silkworm bombyx mori. these proteins were found to consist of two components with molecular masses of 43 kda and 40 kda by sds/page. they bound to all e. coli r mutants (ra, rb1, rc, rd1 and re) and salmonella minnesota r mutants. however, they did not bind to smooth types of the above bacteria. they bound to both lipopolysaccha ... | 1997 | 9310381 |
| dephosphorylation of endotoxin by alkaline phosphatase in vivo. | natural substrates for alkaline phosphatase (ap) are at present not identified despite extensive investigations. difficulties in imagining a possible physiological function involve its extremely high ph optimum for the usual exogenous substrates and its localization as an ecto-enzyme. as endotoxin is a substance that contains phosphate groups and is usually present in the extracellular space, we studied whether ap is able to dephosphorylate this bacterial product at physiological ph levels. we t ... | 1997 | 9327750 |
| alpha-kdoase activity in oyster and synthesis of alpha- and beta-4-methylumbelliferyl ketosides of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid. | although alpha- and beta-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) is found in lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of gram-negative bacteria, capsular polysaccharides of microorganisms, and plants, very little is known about its degradation. using both thin-layer chromatography and the periodate-thiobarbituric acid reaction, we found that the hepatopancreas of oyster (crassostrea virginica) contained an enzyme (alpha-kdoase) capable of releasing alpha-linked kdo from lpss. to facilitate the studies o ... | 1997 | 9334217 |
| evaluation of protection by two endotoxin-neutralizing igm monoclonal antibodies in different peritonitis models. | two anti-core glycolipid (cgl) igm monoclonal antibodies (mabs 8-2 and 26-20), previously shown to display cross-reactivity with heterologous lipopolysaccharide (lps) in vitro and to provide cross-protectivity against endotoxin challenge in vivo, were evaluated for their potential to protect mice against death from peritonitis caused by heterologous bacterial challenge. without concurrent antibiotic treatment neither antibody was protective. compared with a control mab, prophylactic treatment wi ... | 1997 | 9372427 |
| a newly identified horseshoe crab lectin with binding specificity to o-antigen of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. | we identified a novel horseshoe crab hemocyte-derived lectin, which we named tachylectin-4. it has more potent hemagglutinating activity against human a-type erythrocytes than a previously identified hemocyte lectin with an affinity to n-acetylglucosamine, tachylectin-2. the purified tachylectin-4 is an oligomeric glycoprotein of 470 kda, composed of subunits of 30 and 31.5 kda. ca2+ at 10 mm enhanced the hemagglutinating activity 4-fold, and the activity was inhibited by edta and o-phenanthroli ... | 1997 | 9388206 |
| complementary recognition of alternative pathway activators by decay-accelerating factor and factor h. | the alternative complement pathway (acp) functions as a surveillance mechanism by which microorganisms are opsonized with c3b in the absence of specific antibodies. the effectiveness of the acp relies on its ability to distinguish self from non-self. this recognition function is mediated by c3 regulatory proteins including serum factor h, membrane cofactor protein (mcp), and membrane decay-accelerating factor (daf). h activity against bound c3b can be increased by host components such as sialic ... | 1998 | 9453587 |
| binding of bacterial peptidoglycan to cd14. | the hypothesis that soluble peptidoglycan (spgn, a macrophage-activator from gram-positive bacteria) binds to cd14 (a lipopolysaccharide (lps) receptor) was tested. spgn specifically bound to cd14 in the following three assays: binding of soluble 32p-cd14 (scd14) to agarose-immobilized spgn, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and photoaffinity cross-linking. scd14 also specifically bound to agarose-immobilized muramyl dipeptide or glcnac-muramyl dipeptide but not to pgn pentapeptide. binding of ... | 1998 | 9535844 |
| tissue-specific protein kinase c isoforms differentially mediate macrophage tnfalpha and il-1beta production. | macrophage subpopulations are differentially activated during sepsis, shock, or trauma; however, it is unknown whether inherent mechanistic and phenotypic differences exist between macrophage subpopulations that may account for region-specific inflammation. we hypothesized that macrophage expression/function of protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms is tissue specific (alveolar versus peritoneal). rat alveolar and peritoneal macrophages were each probed for the expression of pkc isoforms alpha, beta1, ... | 1998 | 9565253 |
| early alterations in intracellular and alveolar surfactant of the rat lung in response to endotoxin. | the aim of this study was to characterize early ultrastructural, biochemical, and functional alterations of the pulmonary surfactant system induced by salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide (lps) in rat lungs. experimental groups were: (1) control in vitro, 150 min perfusion; (2) lps in vitro, 150 min perfusion, infusion of 50 microg/ml lps after 40 min; (3) control ex vivo, 10 min perfusion; (4) lps ex vivo, lungs perfused for 10 min from rats treated for 110 min with 20 mg/kg lps intraperiton ... | 1998 | 9603148 |
| enhanced endogenous antioxidant activity and inhibition of cerebral vasospasm in rabbits by pretreatment with a nontoxic endotoxin analog, monophosphoryl lipid a. | monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) and diphosphoryl lipid (dpl) are derivatives of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of salmonella minnesota strain r595. monophosphoryl lipid a is relatively nontoxic and can stimulate the natural defense or immune system. diphosphoryl lipid is relatively toxic; however, at higher concentrations, it can also stimulate an immune response. the purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of these endotoxin analogs on cerebral vasospasm after the onset of su ... | 1998 | 9609304 |
| [self-regulation of salmonella minnesota populations in the process of induced autolysis]. | the dynamics of the populations of s. minnesota s- and r-forms in autolysis, induced by multifactor methods with and without the use of oleic acid, the analog of autolysis-activating autoregulator, was studied. in the process of autolysis the optical density (od) of cell suspension, the total number of bacteria, the number of anabiotic refractile cells and the number of colony-forming units (cfu) were analyzed. the comparative analysis of the kinetics of the induced autolysis of salmonella s- an ... | 1998 | 9662820 |
| the influence of poly-(l-lysine) and porin on the domain structure of mixed vesicles composed of lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid: an infrared spectroscopic study. | fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy has been used to study the thermotropic phase behavior of binary lipid mixtures composed of deuterated phospholipids (pls) and lipopolysaccharides (lpss). furthermore, the influence of an extrinsic high-molecular, polycationic polypeptide (poly-(l-lysine), pll(500)) and an intrinsic membrane protein (outer membrane protein f, ompf) on these binary mixtures was investigated by ftir spectroscopy. "deep rough" mutant lps (relps), isolated from salmonel ... | 1998 | 9675185 |
| cloning and characterization of the hakata antigen, a member of the ficolin/opsonin p35 lectin family. | the hakata antigen is a novel, thermolabile beta2-macroglycoprotein that reacts with sera from patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus. in this study we present the structure and the function of the hakata antigen. we have identified cdna clones encoding the hakata antigen and analyzed its function. the cdna included a possible open reading frame of 897 nucleotides, encoding 299 amino acids. the hakata antigen consisted of a collagen-like domain in the middle section and a fibrinoge ... | 1998 | 9694814 |
| effect of gamma irradiation on chemical and biological properties of lipopolysaccharide from salmonella typhimurium. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) from s. typhimurium on exposure to gamma-radiation resulted in decrease in toxicity and was less mitogenic, silver stained profiles of irradiated lps on polyacrylamide gels revealed complete loss of its heteropolysaccharides which was confirmed further by analysing lipid a and lps from salmonella minnesota re mutants on sds-page. glucosamine and 2-keto 3-deoxy-octonate(kdo) contents were significantly decreased on treatment. lipid a obtained by removal of heteropolysacch ... | 1998 | 9731474 |
| a synthetic lipopolysaccharide-binding peptide based on amino acids 27-39 of serum amyloid p component inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced responses in human blood. | lps-binding proteins in plasma play an important role in modifying lps toxicity. significant properties have already been attributed to the lps-binding protein (lbp). it accelerates lps toxicity as well as incorporation into high-density lipoproteins, leading to neutralization of lps in serum. a search for other lps-binding components in serum, using lps-coated magnetic beads, revealed a new lps-binding protein. n-terminal microsequencing identified this protein as serum amyloid p component (sap ... | 1998 | 9759883 |
| [the corrective action of antibodies in experimental intestinal dysbacteriosis]. | as shown in this work, antisera obtained after the immunization of animals with vaccines, prepared from salmonella minnesota strain r595 (re mutant) or escherichia coli o14 having enterobacterial common antigen (eca), as well as human antisera with elevated titers of antibodies to re glycolipid or to lps o14 (eca), inhibited the development of experimental intestinal dysbacteriosis in white mice, induced by the administration of ampyox in large doses. the degree of the inhibiting action of the a ... | 1998 | 9783390 |
| [an antigenic analysis and the protective properties of the r-form lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria]. | the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the r-form lipopolysaccharides (r-lps) of pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella minnesota, escherichia coli and shigella were studied. the results of the study revealed the existence of antigenic relationship between p.aeruginosa r-lps and r-lps escherichia and shigella. in serological tests no antigenic relationship between p. aeruginosa r-lps and salmonella r-lps was revealed, but as shown in earlier experiments of the protection of mice, re-glycolipid ... | 1998 | 9783402 |
| helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide binds to cd14 and stimulates release of interleukin-8, epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 by human monocytes. | helicobacter pylori gastritis is characterized by leukocyte infiltration of the gastric mucosa. the aims of this study were to determine whether h. pylori-derived factors stimulate chemokine release from human monocytes and to ascertain whether h. pylori lipopolysaccharide (lps) may be responsible for this effect. human peripheral blood monocytes were exposed to an h. pylori water extract (hpe) or to purified h. pylori lps. levels of the chemokines interleukin-8 (il-8), epithelial neutrophil-act ... | 1998 | 9784544 |
| enhanced immunogenicity of a recombinant genital warts vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid a. | the regression of genital warts is believed to be a t-cell-mediated immune effect. we have sought to enhance the immunogenicity of a therapeutic vaccine for the treatment of genital warts with the use of the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl-immunostimulant), a detoxified form of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota r595. the comparative immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a recombinant human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv6) l2e7 fusion protein in either aqueous, oil-in-water emu ... | 1998 | 9796056 |
| the effect of the lipid a analog e5531 on phospholipid membrane properties. | in order to determine the effect of the lipid a analog, e5531, on phospholipid membranes, we used dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) and investigated the physicochemical interaction between e5531 and dppc membranes. e5531 and dppc are miscible in the bulk phase at 25 degrees c. within the e5531 mole fraction range (x(e5531)) of 0-0.5, e5531 decreased the zeta potentials of dppc membranes but did not change the size of the dppc liposomes. e5531/dppc mixtures formed liposome-like structures. e5 ... | 1998 | 9821951 |
| comparison of the effects of salmonella minnesota re595 lipopolysaccharide, lipid a and monophosphoryl lipid a on nitric oxide, tnf-alpha, and il-6 induction from raw 264.7 macrophages. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) exhibits a wide variety of bioactivities. although it was generally proposed that the lipid a component represented the active center responsible for most of the bioactivities of lps, a variety of lipid a partial structures and analogues were reported to have different properties. lipopolysaccharide of the re595 mutant of salmonella minnesota is lack of o and part of the core polysaccharide (2 keto-3-deoxyoctanate (kdo) left on lipid a). re595 lipid a (la) and re595 mono ... | 1998 | 9848688 |
| endotoxin inhibits heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with severe sepsis. | to investigate the ex vivo endotoxin-inducible heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of patients with severe sepsis in order to assess the capacity of this potentially protective response during systemic inflammation. | 1999 | 10051078 |
| lipopolysaccharides (lps) of oral black-pigmented bacteria induce tumor necrosis factor production by lps-refractory c3h/hej macrophages in a way different from that of salmonella lps. | some lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations from s- or r-form members of the family enterobacteriaceae and oral black-pigmented bacteria (porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia) are known to activate lps-refractory c3h/hej macrophages. when contaminating proteins are removed from r-form lps of enterobacteriaceae by repurification, however, this ability is lost. in the present study, we investigated the capacity of lps from p. gingivalis, p. intermedia, salmonella minnesota, and salmon ... | 1999 | 10085012 |
| antigenic components of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide recognized by sera from patients with localized juvenile periodontitis. | the dominant antigen of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans recognized by high-titer sera from patients with localized juvenile periodontitis is the serotype antigen located in the o-side chains of lipopolysaccharide. whether such sera contain antibodies reactive with other epitopes in lipopolysaccharide, as is the case for patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis, remains unknown. we prepared and characterized by gas liquid chromatography lipopolysaccharide, lipid a, core carbohydrate w ... | 1998 | 10093529 |
| lipopolysaccharide structure influences the macrophage response via cd14-independent and cd14-dependent pathways. | cd14, a protein expressed on the surface of monocytes and neutrophils, is a major receptor for lipopolysaccharide (lps). studies with normal and cd14-deficient macrophages show that responses to low concentrations of lps require expression of cd14, whereas responses to high concentrations of lps are cd14-independent. since lps isolated from different bacterial species shows structural variability, studies were performed to determine whether differences in lps structure influence cd14-dependent a ... | 1999 | 10194066 |
| lipopolysaccharide-coated erythrocytes activate human neutrophils via cd14 while subsequent binding is through cd11b/cd18. | interaction of lps with monocytes and neutrophils is known to occur via cd14 and is strongly enhanced by lps-binding protein (lbp). integrins as well as cd14 play a role in the interaction of erythrocytes (e) coated with lps or whole gram-negative bacteria with phagocytes. we reasoned that the density of lps on a particle is an important determinant in these interactions. therefore, e were coated with different concentrations of lps (elps). the binding of these elps to neutrophils was evaluated ... | 1999 | 10201950 |
| thermodynamics and structural studies of the interaction of polymyxin b with deep rough mutant lipopolysaccharides. | deep rough mutant lipopolysaccharide (relps) dissolved in aqueous solution spontaneously forms supramolecular structures which mainly consist of vesicles. addition of polymyxin b (pmb) to these relps vesicles influence the shape of these structures as demonstrated here by electronmicroscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques. the main phase transition of the relps is found at 21.3 +/- 0.1 degrees c for relps from escherichia coli and at 24.0 +/- 0.5 degrees c for relps from salmonella minne ... | 1999 | 10222097 |
| [estimation of mean molecular weight of enterobacteriaceae lipopolysaccharides using gas chromatography for determination of fatty acids]. | in the paper, we propose a method for estimation of the mean molecular weight of lipopolysaccharide, which is important for accuracy of endotoxin activity investigation. in our study, it was assumed that lipid a portion in enterobacterial lipopolysaccharide is substituted by four 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid residues. lipopolysaccharides of s, ra, rc and re chemotypes being laboratory preparations as well as purchased from sigma were investigated. fatty acids were determined by of gas chromatogra ... | 1998 | 10222736 |
| suppressive effects of serum on the lps-induced production of nitric oxide and tnf-alpha by a macrophage-like cell line, wehi-3, are dependent on the structure of polysaccharide chains in lps. | the effect of serum on lps-induced activation of a murine macrophage-like cell line, wehi-3, was examined. foetal calf serum strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (no) and tnf-alpha by lps-stimulated wehi-3 cells, while it enhanced the production of both by other macrophage-like cell lines, j774.1 and bam3, on treatment with lps. this suppressive effect of serum on wehi-3 cells was most remarkable when the cells were stimulated with rough-chemotype lps, ra lps, rc lps and rd2 lps. fo ... | 1999 | 10234550 |
| active specific immunotherapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma: phase i study of an allogeneic cell vaccine plus low-dose interleukin-1 alpha. | a vaccine consisting of four allogeneic colon carcinoma cell lines (dld-1, hct116, widr, and t84) mixed with the adjuvant detox (mycobacterium phlei cell wall and salmonella minnesota lipid a) was administered to 25 patients with low-volume metastatic colorectal carcinoma. the first eight patients received vaccine only, given intradermally on three occasions at 3-week intervals. subsequent patients also received subcutaneous interleukin-1 alpha (il-1 alpha), 0.3-0.5 microgram/m2 per day for 8 da ... | 1999 | 10335485 |
| lipid a modifications characteristic of salmonella typhimurium are induced by nh4vo3 in escherichia coli k12. detection of 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose, phosphoethanolamine and palmitate. | two-thirds of the lipid a in wild-type escherichia coli k12 is a hexa-acylated disaccharide of glucosamine in which monophosphate groups are attached at positions 1 and 4'. the remaining lipid a contains a monophosphate substituent at position 4' and a pyrophosphate moiety at position 1. the biosynthesis of the 1-pyrophosphate unit is unknown. its presence is associated with lipid a translocation to the outer membrane (zhou, z., white, k. a., polissi, a., georgopoulos, c., and raetz, c. r. h. (1 ... | 1999 | 10373459 |
| spectral studies on the interaction of iodine and anthracene sulfonate with bacterial phospholipids from different mutants of salmonella minnesota. | using spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric techniques, the interaction of iodine and 2-anthracene sulfonate (ans) with the phospholipids (pl) isolated from four genetically correlated salmonella minnesota isolates viz., a smooth form (s), a deeply rough mutant (rc) and two intermediate forms (ra and rb) were studied. appearance of an isosbestic point and a new band in absorption spectra indicated charge-transfer (c-t) interaction of iodine with the pl through the formation of 1:1 complex. ... | 1998 | 10410462 |
| direct visualization of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide self-assembly. | bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) are outer cell wall components of gram-negative bacteria that may cause septic shock in mammals. the exact morphology of lps when interacting with macromolecular complexes of the septic shock pathway in blood is still uncertain. here, the geometry and morphology of hydrated bacterial lps, dispersed in solution, at and below its the critical aggregate concentration, were directly examined by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (tmafm) and dynamic light scatter ... | 1999 | 10527890 |
| 252cf-plasma desorption mass spectrometry of unmodified lipid a: fragmentation patterns and localization of fatty acids. | the fragmentation patterns of synthetic escherichia coli-type lipid a in plasma desorption mass spectrometry (pdms) in both negative- and positive-ion modes were determined. negative-ion spectra gave signals for the main diphosphorylated (intact) molecular species in their native proportions. intact and alkaline-treated lipid a in this mode gave, for the glucosamine i moiety, easily identified signals that have not been previously reported in pdms. these spectra gave enough information to locali ... | 1999 | 10547633 |
| 3-o-desacyl monophosphoryl lipid a derivatives: synthesis and immunostimulant activities. | the synthesis of a series of novel analogues of lipid a, the active principle of lipopolysaccharide, is reported. in these compounds, the 1-o-phosphono and (r)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl moieties of native salmonella minnesota r595 lipid a have been replaced with hydrogen and the length of the normal fatty acyl residues has been systematically varied. normal fatty acid chain length in the 3-o-desacyl monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) series is shown to be a critical determinant of inos gene expression in ... | 1999 | 10579826 |
| induction of tolerance against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat brain by preconditioning with the endotoxin analog diphosphoryl lipid a. | inflammatory responses and oxygen free radicals have increasingly been implicated in the development of ischemic brain injury. in some cases, an attenuation of inflammation or free-radical injury can provide tissue protection. diphosphoryl lipid a (dpl) is a detoxified derivative of a lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of salmonella minnesota strain r595, which is capable of stimulating the immune system without eliciting direct toxic effects. in this study the authors examined the influence of prec ... | 2000 | 10701530 |
| rough and smooth forms of fluorescein-labelled bacterial endotoxin exhibit cd14/lbp dependent and independent binding that is influencedby endotoxin concentration. | lipopolysaccharide (lps, or endotoxin), is a major constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. bacteria express either smooth lps, which is composed of o-antigen (o-ag), complete core oligosaccharides, and the lipid a, or rough lps which lack o-ag but possess lipid a and progressively shorter core oligosaccharides. cd14 has been described as the receptor for complexes of lps with lps-binding protein (lbp). using flow cytometry we have compared the binding of salmonella minnesota ... | 2000 | 10759844 |
| confirmation of the structure of lipid a from enterobacter agglomerans by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry | electrospray ionization (esi) combined with tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) was utilized for the structural confirmation of lipid a derived from enterobacter agglomerans, a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in field cotton. previous esi-ms studies conducted in our laboratory found that similarities exist between the fatty acid side-chains in the lipid a of e. agglomerans and that of salmonella minnesota. it was noted that heterogeneity at the fatty acyl chain at position 3' of the diglucos ... | 2000 | 10767765 |
| rapid and specific enzyme immunoassay on hydrophobic grid membrane filter for detection and enumeration of thermophilic campylobacter spp. from milk and chicken rinses. | six commercially available anti-campylobacter antibodies were examined for their applicability in an enzyme immunoassay on hydrophobic grid membrane filters, both for the detection and enumeration of campylobacter spp. when a panel of nine campylobacter (seven campylobacter jejuni and two campylobacter coli) and eight non-campylobacter strains were used in a dot-blot format enzyme immunoassay to test the specificity of these antibodies, only one polyclonal antibody (biodesign) detected all campy ... | 2000 | 10772214 |
| role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidant stress in the rat kidney. | lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced renal oxidant injury and the role of nitric oxide (no) were evaluated using the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) inhibitor l-iminoethyl-lysine (l-nil). one group of male rats received lps (salmonella minnesota; 2 mg/kg, i.v.). a second group received lps plus l-nil (3 mg/kg, i.p.). a third group received saline i.v. at 6 hr, inos protein was induced in the kidney cortex, and plasma nitrate/nitrite levels were increased from 4 +/- 2 nmol/ml in the saline gro ... | 2000 | 10810455 |
| oxidant stress in rat liver after lipopolysaccharide administration: effect of inducible nitric-oxide synthase inhibition. | the role of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced hepatic oxidant stress was evaluated using the inos inhibitor l-iminoethyl-lysine (l-nil). male rats were divided into three groups. one group received lps (salmonella minnesota) 2 mg/kg i.v. a second group received lps plus l-nil (3 mg/kg i.p.) at the time of lps administration followed by a second dose 3 h later. a third group received saline i.v. at 6 h, blood and liver tissue were collected. serum nitrate/ ... | 2000 | 10869399 |
| the pstl polymorphism of the endotoxin-inducible heat-shock protein 70-2 gene does not affect messenger rna level in human whole-blood cultures. | to determine whether the human leukocyte antigen linked biallelic heat-shock protein 70-2 (hsp70-2) gene polymorphism is associated with variable hsp70-2 messenger rna expression. | 2000 | 11030172 |
| stimulation of adenoidal lymphocytes by alloiococcus otitidis. | otitis media with effusion (ome) is characterized by persistent effusion in the middle ear cavity and by chronic inflammation in the middle ear mucosa. alloiococcus otitidis, a gram-positive aerobic bacterium, has been isolated in middle ear effusion, and by means of sensitive polymerase chain reaction detection assays it has been detected in as many as 20% of middle ear aspirates of patients with ome. because a otitidis may freely interact with leukocytes in the middle ear effusion, it may pote ... | 2000 | 11051437 |
| the role of polar and facial amphipathic character in determining lipopolysaccharide-binding properties in synthetic cationic peptides. | two series of peptides, designated k and nk were synthesized and tested for lipid a binding and neutralizing properties. k2, which has an 11-residue amphiphilic core, and a branched n-terminus bearing two branched lysinyl residues does not bind lipid a, while nk2, also with an 11-residue amphiphilic core comprised entirely of non-ionizable residues, and a similarly branched, cationic n-terminus, binds lipid a very weakly. both peptides do not inhibit lipopolysaccharide (lps) activity in the limu ... | 2000 | 11052180 |
| toll-like receptor 4, but not toll-like receptor 2, is a signaling receptor for escherichia and salmonella lipopolysaccharides. | two members of the mammalian toll-like receptor (tlr) family, tlr2 and tlr4, have been implicated as receptors mediating cellular activation in response to bacterial lps. through the use of mabs raised against human tlr2 and tlr4, we have conducted studies in human cell lines and whole blood to ascertain the relative contribution of these receptors to lps induced cytokine release. we show that the contribution of tlr2 and tlr4 to lps-induced cellular activation correlates with the relative expre ... | 2000 | 11067937 |
| anti-endotoxin antibodies in human milk: correlation with infection of the newborn. | a longitudinal study was performed to investigate the content of human colostrum and milk of antibodies against endotoxins of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella minnesota during the first 6 mo of lactation. the influence of the gestational age of the newborn and the prevalence of a systemic infection in the child on maternal antibody production were observed. colostrum of mothers of term infants who had shown signs of systemic infection contained higher antibody concentratio ... | 2000 | 11071090 |
| differences in tnf-alpha producing activity from murine peritoneal macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides of prevotella heparinolytica and porphyromonas gingivalis. | we compared the effects of lpss from p. gingivalis and p. heparinolytica on the induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) production by murine peritoneal macrophages. the lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparation from p. gingivalis showed a typical ladder pattern in sds-page, whereas that from p. heparinolytica formed several stained bands without a ladder pattern. when the macrophages from c3h/hej mice were incubated with p. gingivalis lps, the level of tnf-alpha released in the culture s ... | 2000 | 11212586 |
| binding specificity of polymyxin b, bpi, lalf, and anti-deep core/lipid a monoclonal antibody to lipopolysaccharide partial structures. | the deep core/lipid a (dcla) region of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) is common to most gram-negative pathogens and contains anionic phosphoryl groups plus numerous acyl chains as part of the toxic lipid a moiety. several disparate agents that antagonize the effects of lps exhibit extensive physicochemical similarities (hydrophobicity, cationic charge) within their binding domains. it is presumed that binding to the dcla region by each of these antagonists-cross-reactive anti-l ... | 2001 | 11220640 |
| virulent strains of salmonella enteritidis disrupt the epithelial barrier of caco-2 and hep-2 cells. | to confirm the existence in nature of salmonella enteritidis strains of different degrees of virulence and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of such strains on the epithelial barrier function, the consequences of infection of caco-2 cells and hep-2 cells with 15 s. enteritidis strains in a chicken infection model were examined. the more virulent strains of s. enteritidis, which are biofilm producers in adherence test medium, were able to disrupt hep-2 and caco-2 monolayers, as s ... | 2001 | 11271420 |
| md-2 binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. | the exact roles and abilities of the individual components of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) receptor complex of proteins remain unclear. md-2 is a molecule found in association with toll-like receptor 4. we produced recombinant human md-2 to explore its lps binding ability and role in the lps receptor complex. md-2 binds to highly purified rough lps derived from salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli in five different assays; one assay yielded an apparent kd of 65 nm. md-2 binding to lps did n ... | 2001 | 11500507 |
| non-standard biological activities of lipopolysaccharide from helicobacter pylori. | as assessed by the lipopolysaccharide (lps)-specific chromogenic limulus amoebocyte lysate (lal) assay, helicobacter pylori lps extracted by the phenol-water procedure showed full potency to coagulate lal, as did lps from salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli. however, pretreatment of h. pylori lps with polymyxin b, which easily destroys the endotoxic activity of enterobacterial lps/lipid a, had little effect on the lal coagulation activity, although the same treatment of e. coli lps markedl ... | 2001 | 11599735 |
| a th1-inducing adjuvant, mpl, enhances antibody profiles in experimental animals suggesting it has the potential to improve the efficacy of allergy vaccines. | monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) is a detoxified derivative of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) moiety of salmonella minnesota r595, which has retained immunostimulatory activities. mpl has been administered to many subjects in clinical trials as an adjuvant component of infectious disease vaccines and is currently a component of a licensed cancer vaccine, melacine (corixa inc., schering plough). mpl has, in particular, been shown to promote th1-type antigen specific responses. l-tyrosine is a depot adj ... | 2001 | 11729351 |
| cross-reaction between the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen of chlamydia spp. and the lipopolysaccharides of porphyromonas gingivalis, escherichia coli o119 and salmonella newington: implications for diagnosis. | seven hybridoma clones, secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the genus-specific chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigen were obtained after immunization of balb/c mice with formalin killed chlamydia psittaci. the antigen-binding properties of the mabs were characterized in different immunologic reactions with purified chlamydial elementary bodies and lps antigens from s- and r-forms of gram-negative bacteria. four mabs reacted with the heterologous lps antigens of salmonella r-muta ... | 2001 | 11750161 |
| differential clearance and induction of host responses by various administered or released lipopolysaccharides. | the clearance and activity of different types of lipopolysaccharide (lps) released during infection with gram-negative bacteria were investigated. when highly purified preparations differing in their specific endotoxin activity were administered intravenously to mice, the clearance of rough (r)-form lps preparations from salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli was much faster than that of a smooth (s)-form lps preparation from salmonella abortus equi, but slower than that of lipo-oligosacchari ... | 2001 | 11753211 |
| standardisation of glutaraldehyde-modified tyrosine-adsorbed tree pollen vaccines containing the th1-inducing adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl). | a new range of allergy vaccines has been developed by the introduction of a relatively new th1-inducing adjuvant known as 3-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl). mpl adjuvant is of natural origin, derived from the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella minnesota r595. this adjuvant is incorporated in a glutaraldehyde-modified pollen extract adsorbed to l-tyrosine (pollinex quattro). a major potential benefit provided by mpl adjuvant is the promotion of a th1 response which enhances the efficacy of ... | 2001 | 11834183 |
| endotoxin-lipoprotein complex formation as a factor in atherogenesis: associations with hyperlipidemia and with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. | a potential role of endotoxin-lipoprotein (bacterial lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein, lps-lp) complex formation as a pathogenic factor for atherosclerosis has not been studied yet. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that in endotoxinemia in humans hyperlipidemia associated with atherosclerosis development can favor an excessive lps-lp complex formation, and endotoxin presented in blood can inhibit lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (lcat), one of the key enzymes of reverse cholest ... | 2002 | 12139471 |
| the oxidative effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on native and cross-linked human hemoglobin as a function of the structure of the lipopolysaccharide. | the binding of lipopolysaccharide (lps, also known as bacterial endotoxin) to human hemoglobin is known to result in oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin and hemichrome. we have investigated the effects of the lpss from smooth and rough escherichia coli and salmonella minnesota on the rate of oxidation of native oxyhemoglobin a0 and hemoglobin cross-linked between the alpha-99 lysines. for cross-linked hemoglobin, both smooth lpss produced a rate of oxidation faster than the corresponding ro ... | 2002 | 12230576 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of fused mannich ketones. | new mannich ketones of fused bicyclic ketones as 1-indanones and 1-tetralones were prepared using the classical acid-catalysed mannich reaction. known members of this family were used in comparative biological tests. antibacterial activity of these new water-soluble compounds was reported against pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, e. coli red31m4, salmonella minnesota re595, shigella sonnei re4350, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus saprophyticus, micrococcus luteus and bacillus subtil ... | 2002 | 12446038 |
| removal of phosphate from lipid a as a strategy to detoxify lipopolysaccharide. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) may cause sepsis when it enters the blood circulation. the toxic moiety of lps is the well-preserved lipid a part. lipid a contains two phosphate groups attached to diglucosamine, which are crucial for the many biological activities of lps. in previous studies we found that alkaline phosphatase (ap) was able to dephosphorylate lps. to test whether lps-dephosphorylation can be used for intervention during sepsis, we investigated the effects of salmonella minnesota re 595 ... | 2002 | 12462566 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a formalin-inactivated rotavirus vaccine combined with lipid adjuvants. | the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated rotavirus vaccine administered intramuscularly with lipid adjuvants; mpl (monophosphoryl lipid a from salmonella minnesota) or l3 (monooleate/lauric acid) was evaluated in an infant mouse model. purified and formalin-inactivated rhesus rotavirus (i-rrv) combined with one of the adjuvants were administered to female balb/c mice at 0, 4 and 8 weeks. high serum igg antibody titers developed in all vaccinated groups; i-rrv (gmt 45524+/-9819), ... | 2003 | 12531634 |
| effects of cd14 receptors on tissue reactions induced by local injection of two gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) was recognized by cd14, which may be an important mediator in the deleterious effects of lps on the periodontal destruction. to investigate the roles of cd14 molecules on lps-induced soft tissue inflammation and bone destruction, the tissues of cd14-deficient mice were examined histopathologically following a local injection of either salmonella minnesota or porphyromonas gingivalis lps. in the first group, 12 mice received a local injection of 500 microg of purified p. ... | 2003 | 12558935 |
| cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies raised against the lipopolysaccharide antigen of salmonella minnesota re chemotype: diagnostic relevance. | three cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mabs) of igm and igg2b isotype were generated in two separate fusions after immunization of balb/c mice with heat killed salmonella minnesota r595 of re chemotype and acid-treated bacteria, coated with re lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigen. the specificity of the mabs was demonstrated as the re lps antigen. the activity and cross-reactivity against purified elementary bodies of chlamydia trachomatis and various s- and r-lps antigens of other gram-negativ ... | 2003 | 12729990 |
| bartonella quintana lipopolysaccharide effects on leukocytes, cxc chemokines and apoptosis: a study on the human whole blood and a rat model. | bartonella quintana, an emerging gram-negative pathogen, may cause trench fever, endocarditis, cerebral abscess and bacillary angiomatosis usually with the absence of septic shock in humans. b. quintana lipopolysaccharide (lps), a deep rough endotoxin with strong reactivity in the limulus amebocyte lysate (lal)-assay, was studied in human whole blood and in a rat model. a significant (p<0.05) increase of interleukin-8 (il-8) concentration, comparable to the level induced by enterobacterial lps, ... | 2003 | 12781702 |
| physicochemical characterization and biological activity of a glycoglycerolipid from mycoplasma fermentans. | we report a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of a glycoglycerolipid from mycoplasma fermentans, mfgl-ii, in relation to its bioactivity and compared this with the respective behaviors of phosphatidylcholine (pc) and a bacterial glycolipid, lipopolysaccharide (lps) from deep rough mutant salmonella minnesota strain r595. the beta left arrow over right arrow alpha gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition behavior of the hydrocarbon chains with tc = 30 degrees c for mfgl-ii as well ... | 2003 | 12869203 |
| endotoxin contamination of ovalbumin suppresses murine immunologic responses and development of airway hyper-reactivity. | the reversible airway hyper-reactivity (ahr) of asthma is modeled by sensitizing and challenging mice with aerosolized ovalbumin. however, the c57bl/6 murine strain does not display the large increase in circulating igg and ige antibodies found in human atopy and asthma. we found that commercial ovalbumin was contaminated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) in amounts sufficient to fully activate endothelial cells in an in vitro assay of the first step of inflammation. desensitization of tlr4 by lps p ... | 2003 | 12909619 |
| salmonella minnesota infection in northamptonshire. | | 1954 | 13216092 |
| [meningitis caused by salmonella minnesota; case report]. | | 1956 | 13389964 |
| biochemical studies of the smooth-rough mutation in salmonella minnesota. | lüderitz, o. (max-planck-institut für immunbiologie, frieburg, germany), h. j. risse, h. schulte-holthausen, j. l. strominger, i. w. sutherland, and o. westphal. biochemical studies of the smooth-rough mutation in salmonella minnesota. j. bacteriol. 89:343-354. 1965.-a comparative study of the o antigen from the smooth strain of salmonella minnesota and of the two r antigens derived from two rough forms of s. minnesota (strains r 60 and r 345) has been carried out. the o-specific polysaccharide ... | 1965 | 14255700 |