| studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. i. terminal complement components are deposited and released from salmonella minnesota s218 without causing bacterial death. | the mechanism of resistance of gram-negative bacteria to killing by complement was investigated. complement consumption and uptake of purified, radiolabeled complement components on bacteria was studied using a serum- sensitive and a serum-resistant strain of salmonella minnesota. twice as many molecules of (125)i c3 were bound per colony-forming unit (cfu) of the smooth, serum-resistant s. minnesota s218 as were bound per cfu of the rough, serum-sensitive s. minnesota re595 in 10 percent pooled ... | 1982 | 6801179 |
| studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. ii. c8 and c9 release c5b67 from the surface of salmonella minnesota s218 because the terminal complex does not insert into the bacterial outer membrane. | the mechanism for consumption of terminal complement components and release of bound components from the surface of serum-resistant salmonella minnesota s218 was studied. consumption of c8 and c9 by s218 occurred through interaction with c5b67 on the bacterial surface because c8 and c9 were consumed when added to s218 organisms previously incubated in c8-deficient serum and washed to remove all c5b67 on the bacterial surface because c8 and c9 were consumed when added to s218 organisms previously ... | 1982 | 6801180 |
| the effect of some varying lipid a structures on the inhibition of fibrillogenesis in basement membrane collagen. | acid soluble basement membrane collagen (abmc) was prepared by extraction of the anterior lens capsules from bovine calf eyes in 0.5 m acetic acid in the presence of the protease inhibitors leupeptin and pepstatin. thermal aggregates formed from soluble basement membrane collagen were facilitated by heating (28 degree c) the collagen solutions in 0.15 m phosphate buffer. the effects of endotoxins derived from salmonella minnesota r595, chromobacterium violaceum an rhodopseudomonas viridis on the ... | 1982 | 6801242 |
| [pseudomonas aeruginosa survival in the abdominal cavity of mice immunized with vaccines made from the re mutant of salmonella minnesota]. | active and passive immunization with heated and ribosomal vaccines prepared from the mutant of s. minnesota was found to enhance the inactivation of p. aeruginosa in the abdominal cavity of mice, but had no influence on the inactivation of staphylococci. the inactivating potency of antisera was due to the presence of igm and igg. vaccines prepared from the s-forms of enterobacteria did not enhance the inactivation of p. aeruginosa. | 1982 | 6812330 |
| lipid a in anaerobic bacteria. | the ability of lipid a preparations from strains of bacteroides, fusobacterium, and veillonella to inhibit the lipid a-anti-lipid a reaction in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was tested. anti-lipid a serum was prepared with lipid a from salmonella minnesota r595, and lipid a from escherichia coli eh100 was used as control antigen. preparations from three of four different species of bacteroides were unable to inhibit the anti-lipid a activity, whereas lipid a preparations from fusobacteriu ... | 1983 | 6822431 |
| fatty acid in lipopolysaccharides of salmonella species grown at low temperature. identification and position. | salmonella minnesota r 595 (re) and other salmonella strains incorporate cis-delta 9-16:1 (palmitoleic acid) at the expense of mainly dodecanoic acid into the lipid-a portion of lipopolysaccharides, when the cells are grown at low temperature (12 degrees c). it has recently been shown, that in s. minnesota r 595 grown at 37 degrees c dodecanoic acid is linked to the 3-hydroxyl group of an amide-bound 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid. the present data suggest, that cis-delta 9-16:1 occupies the same p ... | 1983 | 6825685 |
| lipopolysaccharide-mediated bovine endothelial cell injury in vitro. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) produced time- and dose-dependent bovine endothelial cell injury in vitro that was manifested initially by cell detachment from culture substrate with subsequent cell lysis. bovine endothelial cell injury was observed with lps derived from salmonella minnesota r595, a lps comprised only of lipid a and a trisaccharide core, as well as intact lps preparations derived escherichia coli and s. typhosa. lps-mediated bovine endothelial cell detachment was prevented by incubatio ... | 1983 | 6827807 |
| the role of lipopolysaccharide structure in the recipient cell during plasmid-mediated bacterial conjugation. | the role of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) structure in the recipient cell during bacterial conjugation was studied using a series of well-defined lps mutations in salmonella minnesota. the plasmids flac (incfi) and r1drd19 (incfii) transferred at a high frequency to the smooth s218 parent strain and the rough lps mutants. however, r64drd1 1 (inci alpha) transferred poorly to the lps mutants compared with transfer to the smooth lps parent strain. the decrease in r64drd1 1 transfer frequency correl ... | 1983 | 6856692 |
| effect of endotoxin and its degradation products on hepatic mixed-function oxidase and heme enzyme systems in mice. | effect of salmonella minnesota r595 endotoxin (r595 gl) and its chemical degradation products on hepatic cytochrome p-450, delta-aminolevulinic acid (ala) synthetase and heme oxygenase activity in mice was examined. the levels of cytochrome p-450 and ala synthetase activity were significantly decreased following the administration of r595 gl, whereas heme oxygenase activity was markedly increased. the effects of endotoxin were dose-dependent for the range of about 1 to 2 micrograms per mouse. th ... | 1982 | 6896774 |
| antibody-independent binding of the first component of complement (c1) and its subcomponent c1q to the s and r forms of salmonella minnesota. | strong bactericidal effects of normal guinea pig and human sera against the salmonella minnesota s form and an r form (re) depend on ca2+, complement component c4, and subcomponent c1q of complement component c1. therefore, the interaction of c1 and c1q with these forms was investigated. the bacteria directly bound subcomponent c1q, as demonstrated by fixation and transfer tests and by fluorescent methods. binding of macromolecular c1 was shown by fixation and transfer tests and by c4 consumptio ... | 1981 | 6971812 |
| interaction between salmonella bacteria and mammalian nonprofessional phagocytes. | a series of lipopolysaccharide mutants of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella minnesota were studied regarding their interaction with hela cells. the bacteria differed in physicochemical surface properties, with respect to charge and propensity to hydrophobic interaction. mutants with propensity to hydrophobic interaction and/or negative charge attached to and were internalized into hela cells to a greater extent than bacteria lacking such surface properties. heat-killed and ultraviolet-killed ... | 1980 | 7001885 |
| heightened lung bactericidal activity in mice after aerosol immunization with re 595 salmonella minnesota: importance of cellular rather than humoral factors. | intrapulmonary bactericidal activity was enhanced against aerosolized serratia marcescens, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and staphylococcus aureus two weeks after aerosol immunization with re 595 salmonella minnesota. to define better this nonspecific stimulation of antibacterial lung defenses, mice were simultaneously challenged with s. aureus and s. marcescens up to 30 days after aerosol immunization with re. enhanced bactericidal activity against both organisms was noted, although ... | 1980 | 7003033 |
| protective effect of immunization with salmonella minnesota re 595 against ascending escherichia coli o6k13h1 pyelonephritis in rats. | active as well as passive immunization with formalin-killed s. minnesota re 595 bacteria protected against experimental, ascending pyelonephritis caused by e. coli o6k13h1 in rats. absorption of the hyperimmune sera with re antigen before passively given did not eliminate the protective effect. the specificity of protective antibodies is discussed. | 1980 | 7010560 |
| interactions of cations with membrane fractions of smooth and rough strains of salmonella typhimurium and other gram-negative bacteria. | addition of cations (20 to 50 mm for mg(2+) or ca(2+) or 100 to 500 mm for na(+)) to n-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-n'-2-ethanesulfonic acid buffer during preparation of membranes from smooth and rough strains of salmonella typhimurium lt2, salmonella minnesota, and escherichia coli o8 had two effects on the composition of the membranes isolated. first, in rough strains of chemotypes ra to re the "total membranes" (pellets from high-speed centrifugation) were deficient in the proteins of the outer m ... | 1981 | 7012132 |
| lipid a dependence of the ocular response to circulating endotoxin in rabbits. | the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on ocular vascular permeability were measured after their intravenous injection in rabbits. alterations in ocular vascular permeability were quantitated by the accumulation of 125i-labeled albumin in the enucleated eye compared with that in heart blood (ocular albumin space). two lipopolysaccharides extracted from escherichia coli o111:b4, one with high lipid a content and one with high polysaccharide content, were tested initially, and the one with g ... | 1980 | 7014449 |
| phosphate localization in carbohydrates - a study on enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides. | the localization of the phosphate substituents in the core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharides of enterobacteriaceae has been reported for salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli b only. in these cases the localizations were done by a beta-elimination reaction in mild alkaline solution after periodate oxidation. we report now on a method generally applicable on carbohydrates. the localization of phosphate groups and the extent of substitution with phosphate residues in carbohydrates can ... | 1981 | 7023134 |
| in vivo activation of mouse spleen lymphocytes by lipid a in carrier-free form. | the immunogenic potential of lipid a, isolated from salmonella minnesota r595 and made soluble by mild alkaline hydrolysis, was investigated using icr mice and a modification of the jerne plaque assay. in the absence of carrier protein of freund's adjuvant, a single intravenous injection of 100 microgram lipid a induced the development of anti-lipid a antibody-producing cells in the spleen. at the doses used, no heterophile-antibody plaques specific for sheep red blood cell antigen were detectab ... | 1982 | 7037619 |
| opsonization of serum-sensitive and serum-resistant escherichia coli by rough mutant (re) antisera. | the antibody binding and susceptibility to opsonization of 11 sr and five ss escherichia coli strains by pooled high-titered rabbit antisera against the core-defective re chemotype mutant of salmonella minnesota r595 were studied. binding of antibody was assessed by an ifa method, and the phagocytic rate was quantitated by measurement of the oxygen consumption of pmns during phagocytosis. a significant correlation was demonstrated between the property of serum sensitivity and both antibody bindi ... | 1982 | 7038008 |
| lipopolysaccharide-binding lectin from the horseshoe crab, limulus polyphemus, with specificity for 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (kdo). | a lipopolysaccharide (lps)-binding lectin was recovered from the serum of limulus polyphemus by ion-exchange chromatography. electrophoretic analysis of this lectin preparation revealed three poorly migrating bands. when whole serum was incubated with glycolipid obtained from the rc mutant of salmonella minnesota prior to electrophoresis, bands corresponding to those seen in the partially purified lectin were missing, suggesting that the recovered material was composed of isolectins. qualitative ... | 1982 | 7047248 |
| interactions of lipopolysaccharides, glycolipid, lipid a with acid soluble basement membrane collagen during thermal aggregation. | lipopolysaccharides derived from a number of escherichia coli and salmonella species were incorporated into thermal aggregates acid soluble basement membrane collagens. although most of these endotoxins were noted to inhibit basement membrane collagen aggregation, some lipopolysaccharides possessed little or no inhibitory properties. however, the lipid a derived from all of the latter lipopolysaccharides and the glycolipid from salmonella minnesota r595 were noted to be significant inhibitors of ... | 1981 | 7049550 |
| interactions of bacterial lipopolysaccharide with acute-phase rabbit serum and isolation of two forms of rabbit serum amyloid a. | mixing lipopolysaccharide (lps, salmonella minnesota r595) with acute-phase rabbit serum (aprs) results in the formation of two types of complexes. the two complexes are separable from each other and from lps by cscl density gradient ultracentrifugation. lps alone had density 1.38 g/cm3, complex 1.3 had density 1.3 +/- 0.02 g/cm3, and complex 1.2 had density less than 1.20 g/cm3. at 1 to 10 micrograms lps/ml aprs, up to 23 micrograms of lps could be found in complex 1.3, with the remainder of th ... | 1982 | 7057038 |
| salmonella minnesota re 595 lipid a induced nephritis. | injection of heat killed bacteria into kidney parenchyma results in pathologic lesions similar to chronic pyelonephritis while immunosuppression reverses this phenomenon. these observations and the propensity of lipid a to bind to cell membranes suggest that the lipid component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide antigens may be important in the pathogenesis of kidney tubule cell death. the right kidneys of syngeneic fischer 344 rats were repeatedly injected with glycolipid prepared from salmonella ... | 1982 | 7062406 |
| changes in phase transition temperature of phospholipids induced by endotoxin. | the effects of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide from salmonella minnesota re 595) on the phase transition temperature (tm) of various phospholipids were studied. endotoxin had no effect on the tm and the width of the phase transition of dipalmitoyl-sn-3-phosphatidylcholine. endotoxin at 100 micrograms/ml increased the tm of dipalmitoyl-sn-3-phosphatidylethanolamine by 1.1 degrees c (p less than 0.01) and narrowed the range of transition from 4.5 to 2.6 degrees c; the endotoxin-induced changes in th ... | 1982 | 7066362 |
| the chemical structure of lipid a. demonstration of amide-linked 3-acyloxyacyl residues in salmonella minnesota re lipopolysaccharide. | in salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide the lipid a backbone, a substituted diphosphorylated beta 1,6-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide molecule, carries approximately seven residues of fatty acids: one each of dodecanoic, hexadecanoic, d-3-hydroxytetradecanoic and d-3-o-(tetradecanoyl)-tetradecanoic acid in ester linkage and two of d-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid in amide linkage. in the present study it is shown that treatment of the lipopolysaccharide with alkali at elevated temperature lead ... | 1982 | 7084225 |
| isolation and characterization of a cross-reacting antigen in strains of bacteroidaceae. | a bacteroidaceae cross-reacting antigen (bca) was isolated from several strains belonging to species in the genera fusobacterium and bacteroides. we showed that each of the 28 strains examined synthesized either bca or the o-specific lipopolysaccharide (lps). the structural difference between the two antigens was demonstrated by passive hemagglutination. bca coated erythrocytes spontaneously and reacted with equal intensity to all bacterial antisera of bca+ strains, whereas lps was species speci ... | 1982 | 7095855 |
| quantitation of rabbit immunoglobulin g antibodies to salmonella minnesota re by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed which allowed the measurement of rabbit immunoglobulin g antibodies directed to salmonella minnesota re glycolipid. efficient adsorption of the antigen to polystyrene could only be effected provided it had been previously dialyzed against 0.2 m edta (ph 7.0) and subsequently treated with 0.2% sodium deoxycholate (15 min at 56 degrees c) in 0.05 m diethanolamine buffer (ph 9.6). the method is by far more sensitive than quantitative precipitation ... | 1982 | 7119099 |
| configurations of glycosidic phosphates of lipopolysaccharide from salmonella minnesota r595. | the anomeric configurations of the reducing terminal glucosamine and 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose phosphates in lipopolysaccharide from salmonella minnesota r595 have been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. chemical shifts for the anomeric protons were obtained by selective decoupling of the phosphorus spectrum and proton-proton coupling constants by polarization transfer from protons to phosphorus. in both cases, the phosphate is attached to the sugar in an axial orientation. | 1982 | 7150577 |
| effect of ionizing radiation on chemical and biological properties of salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide. | lipopolysaccharide of the salmonella minnesota re mutant r595 was irradiated with 60co gamma doses of 50, 100, 150 and 200 kgy. the irradiated preparations were less toxic, less active in the shwartzman reaction and as activators of the complement system, but they had retained the protection activity against the lethal action of endotoxin. the irradiation resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the amounts of constituents (glucosamine, kdo, fatty acids) of the original lipopolysaccharide. with ... | 1982 | 7185268 |
| the response of isolated rabbit hepatic macrophages (h-m macrophage) to lipopolysaccharide (lps). | in order to evaluate the possible role of the hepatic macrophage (h-m macrophage) in lipopolysaccharide-induced shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic), a technique has been developed for the isolation and maintenance in culture of rabbit h-m macrophage. characterization of the resultant cell population by morphology, nonspecific esterase staining, phagocytosis of latex beads, by presence of fc and c3b membrane receptors confirms a pure population of m macrophage without outgrowth ... | 1981 | 7194747 |
| new function for high density lipoproteins. isolation and characterization of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide-high density lipoprotein complex formed in rabbit plasma. | the addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) from salmonella minnesota r595 to rabbit plasma results in a marked reduction of the hydrated buoyant density of the parent r595 lps, from 1.38 to less than 1.2 g/cm3. using immunopurified anti-r595 lps antibody covalently linked to sepharose 4b, we were able to separate the altered r595 lps (d less than 1.2 g/cm3) from the remainder of the plasma proteins by elution of the bound material with 2.5 m kscn. the kscn eluate was shown to have a d le ... | 1981 | 7204557 |
| lipid a induction of cytotoxic antibody to cultured syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells. | syngeneic fischer rat kidneys repeatedly injected with lipid a induced a cytotoxic antibody to cultured syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells. to test for antibodies in the serum of immunized animals, we disaggregated syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells with collagenase and trypsin and established them in short-term culture. cultured kidney tubule cells were then radiolabeled 24 hours later with chromium 51 and cultured for an additional 24 hours. rabbit antirat kidney tubule cell antibody served as ... | 1981 | 7230615 |
| subclass-restricted igg polyclonal antibody production in mice injected with lipid a-rich lipopolysaccharides. | the effects of five distinct bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) on the induction of polyclonal igm and igg antibodies, including polyclonal autoantibody formation, were investigated in several strains of mice. injections of most lps preparations that contained polysaccharide transiently induced only igm polyclonal antibodies. however, lps from salmonella minnesota r595 (r595 lps), which had a particularly high content of lipid a but lacked o-antigen polysaccharide, induced a markedly prolonged ... | 1981 | 7241048 |
| sensitive measurement of endotoxin by radio-rocket immunoelectrophoresis using [125i] staphylococcus aureus protein a. | antibody directed against the core glycolipid antigen (cgl) of the mutant salmonella minnesota re 595 has been shown to cross-react with endotoxin from bacteria within the group enterobacteriaceae. using this cross-reactive cgl antibody we have developed a sensitive (250 pg) radio-rocket immunoelectrophoretic technique to measure endotoxin. we used the principles of rocket immunoelectrophoresis and increased the sensitivity by using 125 i-labelled staphylococcal protein a which serves as a sensi ... | 1981 | 7264324 |
| the distribution of lipopolysaccharide in normocomplementemic and c3-depleted rabbits and rhesus monkeys. | to examine the role of complement (c3) in determining the fate of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in vivo, the distribution of lps was studied in normocomplementemic (nc) and c3-depleted animals (pretreated with cobra venom factor [cof]) after intravenous injection of highly purified, radioiodinated salmonella minnesota r595 lps. after injection of a lethal (250 micrograms) or nonlethal (5 micrograms) dose of lps in nc and cof rabbits and a lethal (5 mg/kg) dose of lps in rhesus monkeys, the lps disapp ... | 1980 | 7435537 |
| serum-independent binding of lipopolysaccharide to human monocytes is trypsin sensitive and does not involve cd14. | the nature of the binding sites for lipopolysaccharide (lps) on human monocytes was investigated using fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labelled lps from salmonella minnesota r595 (relps). in the absence of serum, relps bound to monocytes and this interaction was trypsin sensitive. a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml resulted in a 90% loss of lps binding, while low concentrations increased this binding. trypsin-treated monocytes recovered fitc-relps binding after 20 hr culture, which was abrogated in ... | 1993 | 7503949 |
| cd14 and cd11b mediate serum-independent binding to human monocytes of an acylpolygalactoside isolated from klebsiella pneumoniae. | a water-soluble acylpolygalactosyl (apg) of 34 kda was obtained from the klebsiella pneumoniae membrane by alkaline hydrolysis and delipidation. apg comprises a poly(1,3)galactose chain, a core, and a lipid moiety made of a glucosamine disaccharide with two n-linked beta oh-myristates. the monocyte binding sites for apg were investigated by flow cytometry. biotin-labelled apg (biot-apg) bound to monocytes at 4 degrees c in the absence of serum, calcium, and magnesium. the binding was dose depend ... | 1994 | 7513300 |
| preparation and structural analysis of oligosaccharide monophosphates obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of recombinant strains of salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli expressing the genus-specific epitope of chlamydia lipopolysaccharide. | the lipopolysaccharide of the recombinant strain salmonella minnesota r595-207 expressing the genus-specific epitope of chlamydia lipopolysaccharide [holst, o., brade, l., kosma, p. and brade, h. (1991) j. bacteriol, 173, 1862-1866] was sequentially de-o- and de-n-acylated by mild hydrazinolysis and treatment with 4 m koh, respectively. the resulting mixture of compounds was separated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography, yielding four oligosacchari ... | 1994 | 7515346 |
| endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat is attenuated by inhibition of nitric oxide production. | these experiments were undertaken to assess the role of increased nitric oxide production in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction associated with endotoxin-induced uveitis. | 1994 | 7519183 |
| endotoxin-induced early gene expression in c3h/hej (lpsd) macrophages. | c3h/hej (lpsd) macrophages have been shown to respond to certain lpss, especially from rough mutant bacteria. c3h/ouj (lpsn) macrophages are induced by wild-type lps, rough lps, or lipid a to express many genes, including tnf-alpha, tnfr-2, il-1 beta, ip-10, d3, and d8. c3h/hej macrophages failed to induce any of these genes when cultured with wild-type lps or synthetic lipid a, even when pretreated with ifn-gamma. however, rough mutant salmonella minnesota ra, rc, and rd lps, and escherichia co ... | 1994 | 7521367 |
| modulation of lipopolysaccharide binding to human granulocytes. | using flow cytometry and fluorescein-labelled lipopolysaccharide (lps) from salmonella minnesota r595 (fitc-relps), we studied the role of membrane proteins in the recognition of lps by human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (pmn) in the absence of serum. treatment of pmn with trypsin, pronase e or proteinase k reduced both the binding of fitc-relps to pmn at 4 degrees and the response of pmn to lps at 37 degrees, as measured by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. neuraminidase treatment enhanced ... | 1994 | 7533136 |
| the inflammatory cytokine response to chlamydia trachomatis infection is endotoxin mediated. | chlamydia trachomatis is a major etiologic agent of sexually transmitted diseases. although c. trachomatis is a gram-negative pathogen, chlamydial infections are not generally thought of as endotoxin-mediated diseases. a molecular characterization of the acute immune response to chlamydia, especially with regard to the role of its lipopolysaccharide (lps), remains to be undertaken. we extracted 15 mg of lps from 5 x 10(12) c. trachomatis elementary bodies (eb) for analysis of structure and biolo ... | 1995 | 7542638 |
| influence of cd14, lbp and bpi in the monocyte response to lps of different polysaccharide chain length. | in this study we examined the involvement of human serum, recombinant lipopolysaccharide binding protein (rlbp), recombinant (r)cd14, cd14 antibodies and recombinant bactericidal permeability-increasing factor (rbpi) in the induction of tnf by salmonella minnesota lps of different polysaccharide chain lengths. soluble rcd14 and rlbp markedly enhanced lps 6261 tnf production and to a lesser degree also enhanced tnf production from re 595 lps and lipid a dp. addition of anti-cd14 antibodies result ... | 1995 | 7543211 |
| semi-synthesis of polymyxin-b conjugated ovalbumin: evaluation of lipopolysaccharide binding avidity and neutralization of induced tnf-alpha synthesis. | a method is described in these investigations for the semi-synthetic production of polymyxin-b conjugated ovalbumin in the form of polymyxin-b.sulfo-smcc.ovalbumin (pso). the heterobifunctional "cross-linking" agent, sulfo-smcc was first reacted with polymyxin-b to produce a relatively pure reactive intermediate in the form of polymyxin-b.sulfo-smcc. highly purified ovalbumin was then combined with the polymyxin-b.sulfo-smcc reactive intermediate and contaminants removed from the final pso end p ... | 1994 | 7547083 |
| nitric oxide donor prevents hepatic and systemic perfusion decrease induced by endotoxin in anesthetized rabbits. | controversial studies have been published concerning the role of nitric oxide (no) release (beneficial or deleterious) during sepsis. severe hypotension has been treated by no inhibitors in humans, but animal studies described an increased mortality rate with this treatment. we hypothesized that an no donor might be beneficial in maintaining liver flow during endotoxemia. to answer that question, mean arterial pressure (map), aortic, hepatic artery, and portal vein blood flow velocities (aov, ha ... | 1995 | 7590674 |
| in vivo production of various cytokines in splenocytes of sheep erythrocyte-immunized mice after intravenous administration of bacterial lipid a. | the effects of an intravenous administration of lipid a from salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide on the in vivo production of interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4, il-5 and il-6 in the spleens of mice intravenously immunized with sheep red blood cell (srbc) antigen were investigated. the increased number of antigen-specific igm antibody-producing cells and the titer of the igm serum antibody were measured using the plaque-forming cell (pfc) assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). ... | 1995 | 7603361 |
| [comparison by ses-page of molecular weights of lipopolysaccharides from campylobacter jejuni lior serotype reference strains and clinical isolates]. | to compare the molecular weights (mws) of lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from 30 lior serotype reference strains and 17 clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni, we analyzed their migration rates by sds-page and the silver staining of the gel. lpss from the serotype strains showed one band in the low-molecular-weight region of the gel as did those from r mutants of enterobacteria. based on those from salmonella minnesota r mutants, mws of lpss from c. jejuni strains were calculated to fall within a ... | 1995 | 7623421 |
| mouse protection induced by pseudomonas aeruginosa pac1r and its defective mutants, salmonella minnesota re-mutant and escherichia coli o14. | pseudomonas aeruginosa pac1r and its defective mutants (acetone-killed bacteria), salmonella minnesota re mutant (acetone-killed bacteria and re-lps) and escherichia coli o14 (acetone-killed bacteria and enterobacterial common antigen, eca) were studied in a mouse active protection test. immunized mice were challenged with wild-type p. aeruginosa strains. it was established that p. aeruginosa lps-defective mutants induced cross-immunity against different fisher immunotypes of p. aeruginosa. s. m ... | 1995 | 7640675 |
| detection of bacterial pyrogens on the basis of their effects on gamma interferon-mediated formation of neopterin or nitrite in cultured monocyte cell lines. | in a number of mammalian cell types, pteridine biosynthesis from guanosine 5'-triphosphate and formation of nitric oxide from l-arginine are induced by gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). we assessed the possibility of using such metabolic alterations for the in vitro detection of pyrogens. products from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and related synthetic compounds were tested for their potential to induce either of these pathways. stimulation of pteri ... | 1995 | 7664177 |
| anti-endotoxin monoclonal antibodies protect by enhancing bacterial and endotoxin clearance. | in this study, we sought to determine the mechanism(s) by which a type-specific anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody (an igg directed against the o-antigen polysaccharide region of salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide) and its f(ab')2 fragments protect during gram-negative bacterial peritonitis and endotoxemia in mice. during peritoneal infection, (1) igg significantly decreased mortality, bacteremia, and endotoxemia at all time points compared with saline solution pretreatment and (2) ... | 1993 | 7679267 |
| human monoclonal antibody ha-1a binds to endotoxin via an epitope in the lipid a domain of lipopolysaccharide. | ha-1a, a human igm mab, has been shown to significantly reduce mortality in septic patients with gram-negative bacteremia, especially those with septic shock, in a controlled clinical trial. to confirm the reported specificity of this antibody for the lipid a domain of endotoxin, several assay systems were developed. these assay systems included an elisa, which measured the binding of ha-1a to lipid a adsorbed to a solid phase; a rate nephelometry assay, which measured the ability of ha-1a to bi ... | 1993 | 7683319 |
| lipopolysaccharide binding protein and cd14 interaction induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha generation and neutrophil sequestration in lungs after intratracheal endotoxin. | it has been proposed that lipopolysaccharide (lps) bound to the 60-kd lps binding protein (lbp) forms an lps/lbp complex that, in turn, binds to the cd14 receptor on monocytes/macrophages and stimulates the release of cytokines. we examined the role of lbp and cd14 in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) production and neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte [pmn]) sequestration in lungs induced by intratracheal instillation of lps using rabbit lungs perfused at constant flow with lactated ri ... | 1993 | 7685250 |
| traces of bacterial lipopolysaccharide suppress ifn-gamma-induced nitric oxide synthase gene expression in primary mouse macrophages. | a nitric oxide synthase (inos) inducible by cytokines and microbial products contributes to the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of mouse macrophages. bacterial lps interacts synergistically with ifn-gamma to induce inos when both stimuli are added together. in contrast, we show here that pre-exposure of peritoneal macrophages to low concentrations of lps suppresses the induction of inos when ifn-gamma is added subsequently. suppression required pretreatment with lps for at least 8 h and was ... | 1993 | 7686937 |
| lipopolysaccharide (lps) binding to 73-kda and 38-kda surface proteins on lymphoreticular cells: preferential inhibition of lps binding to the former by rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides lipid a. | using a photoactivable, radioiodinated lipopolysaccharide probe, [125i]asd-lps (derivatized from purified e. coli 0111:b4 s-lps), we earlier reported the presence of a 73-kda (p73) predominant lps-binding protein on mouse lymphocytes and macrophages with specificity for the lipid a region of lps. both re-lps from salmonella minnesota and purified lipid a will inhibit the binding of lps to the p73 lps receptor. in the studies reported here, we have found that non-toxic diphosphoryl lipid a purifi ... | 1993 | 7690343 |
| effect of modifying nitric oxide pathway on liver circulation in a rabbit endotoxin shock model. | the role of nitric oxide (no) inhibition on liver circulation during sepsis is unknown. to answer this question, we studied the effects of l-arginine (the substrate for the no synthase), linsidomine (a direct no donor), and n omega-nitro-l-arginine (an no inhibitor) on the liver circulation in anesthetized rabbits previously injected with endotoxin (escherichia coli, salmonella enteridis, and salmonella minnesota, 400 micrograms each). after endotoxin administration, and without fluid resuscitat ... | 1994 | 7743350 |
| strong adjuvant action of klebsiella o3 lipopolysaccharide and its inhibition of systemic anaphylaxis. | immunization with lipopolysaccharide from klebsiella o3 as an immunological adjuvant did not cause the death of mice in systemic anaphylaxis to bovine serum albumin. on the other hand, most mice immunized with lipopolysaccharide from escherichia coli o111, klebsiella o4 and salmonella minnesota did die. klebsiella o3 lipopolysaccharide enhanced igm and igg antibody response to bsa more markedly than escherichia coli o111 lipopolysaccharide, while it affected the production of ige antibody only s ... | 1995 | 7773234 |
| [the interrelationship of the capacity for the expression of different serovariants of the yersinia pestis capsular antigen with the degree of reduction of the lipopolysaccharide of the bacterial cells]. | the immunochemical study of the expression of different serovariants of y. pestis capsular antigen in escherichia coli hb 101, salmonella minnesota r595 and y. pestis ev recipient strains with different degrees of lps reduction was made. plasmids pfs1, pfbk7 and pfbk10 coding initial and serologically atypical variants of the capsular antigen were introduced into microbiol cells. altered lps structures were shown to have no influence on the serological specificity of the capsular antigen. immuno ... | 1995 | 7778370 |
| [anti-escherichia antibodies in the blood sera from nonimmunized donors and in preparations of human immunoglobulin]. | the anti-escherichia activity of 188 serum samples obtained from nonimmunized blood donors and 157 batches of the preparation of commercial normal human immunoglobulin were evaluated in the passive hemagglutination test with diagnostica containing e. coli antigens (serovars o2, o14, o26) and kunin antigen, as well as re-glycolipid salmonella minnesota strain r595, used as sensitins. the study demonstrated that from sera of nonimmunized blood donors and from normal human immunoglobulin preparatio ... | 1995 | 7778380 |
| the anti-lipid a monoclonal antibody e5 binds to rough gram-negative bacteria, fixes c3, and facilitates binding of bacterial immune complexes to both erythrocytes and monocytes. | treatment of patients with septic shock using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to endotoxin is still controversial. clinical trials of e5, one of the mabs directed against the lipid a moiety of lipopolysaccharide (lps), are currently in progress. the mechanisms of action of this, and other antibodies under clinical evaluation, are, however, poorly understood. in this study we examined in vitro the ways in which e5 interacted with gram-negative bacteria, complement, erythrocytes and monocytes. by flu ... | 1995 | 7790040 |
| monoclonal antibodies directed to the synthetic carbohydrate antigen ley. | tetrasaccharide fuc alpha 1-2gal beta 1-4(fuc alpha 1-3)glcnac is known as carbohydrate determinant of cancer- and aids-associated antigen lewisy (ley). synthetic antigen to generate mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed to ley was prepared and constructed as a spacer-armed tetrasaccharide coupled with lipophilized polymer, ley-paa-pe, where paa is a 30-kd polyacrylamide and pe is phosphatidylethanolamine. an efficient immune response was provided by using ley-paa-pe adsorbed on salmonella ... | 1994 | 7806250 |
| diphosphoryl lipid a derived from the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of rhodobacter sphaeroides atcc 17023 is a potent competitive lps inhibitor in murine macrophage-like j774.1 cells. | pentaacyl diphosphoryl lipid a derived from the nontoxic lipopolysaccharide (lps) of rhodobacter sphaeroides atcc 17023 (rsdpla) did not induce tumour necrosis factor-alpha nor interleukin-6 release in the murine macrophage-like cell line j774.1. however, it effectively inhibited the induction of these two cytokines by lps of salmonella minnesota re mutant r595 (relps) in a concentration-dependent manner. maximal inhibition and half-maximal inhibition occurred when the relps to rsdpla mass ratio ... | 1994 | 7812271 |
| scavenger receptor pathway for lipopolysaccharide binding to kupffer and endothelial liver cells in vitro. | we have investigated the interaction of salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide (relps) depleted of ca2+ and mg2+ with both kupffer and endothelial liver cells under serum-free conditions. specific and saturable binding levels of 125i-relps were similar in both types of cells with respect to divalent cation independence, susceptibility to proteases, and concanavalin a inhibition. by using partial structures of relps, it was demonstrated that acidic 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid residues ... | 1995 | 7868258 |
| use of oligonucleotide probes to analyse the homology of the oprf gene among clinical and heterologous immunotype strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the conservation of oprf gene among 25 clinical pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and a set of 17 serotype-specific representative strains of the international antigen typing scheme (iats) was analysed by dot-blotting using five specific oligonucleotide probes. the oligo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 correspond to five different regions of the oprf gene and hybridized strongly with respectively 88%, 88%, 76%, 94% and 71% of the iats strains and 88%, 96%, 92%, 88% and 92% of the clinical strains. a parallel study p ... | 1994 | 7877635 |
| establishment of monoclonal antibodies specific for ganglioside gm1: detection of ganglioside gm1 in small cell lung carcinoma cell lines and tissues. | three kinds of anti-gm1 monoclonal antibodies, agm-1, -2, and -3, of the igm class were produced by the immunization of balb/c mice with ganglioside gm1 inserted into liposomes with salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharides and fusion of the spleen cells with a mouse myeloma cell line. the specificities of the monoclonal antibodies obtained were elucidated through complement-dependent liposome immune lysis assay and enzyme immunostaining on thin-layer chromatograms. all of the monoclonal ant ... | 1994 | 7896755 |
| [the comparative characteristics of preparations of yersinia pestis capsular antigen f1 obtained from producer strains with different lipopolysaccharide structures]. | the main protective antigen of the causative agent of plague is capsular antigen f1. the preparations of this antigen isolated from y.pestis strain ev are characterized by a high content of polysaccharide chains of endotoxins. this can be avoided by using r-variants of bacteria as producers. in this work the comparative study of the preparations of antigen f1 obtained from y.pestis strain ev, escherichia coli producer strain hb101 pfs1 with the complete structure of lps and salmonella minnesota ... | 1994 | 7941851 |
| acylation of the lipid a region of a klebsiella pneumoniae lps controls the alternative pathway activation of human complement. | two mechanisms of direct activation of the complement system by lps have been extensively documented: (i) activation of the alternative pathway (ap) by the polysaccharide region, and (ii) activation of the classical pathway (cp) by the lipid a region. here we demonstrate that lps from the klebsiella pneumoniae i-145 strain activates the ap by a mechanism dependent on the acylation of the lipid a region. cleavage of c3 by k. pneumoniae lps in egta was blocked by polymyxin b. two 34 kda derivative ... | 1994 | 7969185 |
| binding of surfactant protein a to the lipid a moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. | surfactant protein a (sp-a) enhances the phagocytosis of opsonized and non-opsonized bacteria by alveolar macrophages, but it is not known with which component of the bacterial surface it associates. we investigated the interaction of sp-a with lipopolysaccharides (lps), which are important biologically active constituents of the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria. flow cytometry was used to study the binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled sp-a either to lps of various chain lengt ... | 1994 | 7980398 |
| activation of arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse macrophages by bacterial amphiphiles. | the relative activities of lipoteichoic acid (lta) from four gram-positive bacteria were compared to different lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations for activation of arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse peritoneal macrophages. total eicosanoid was determined in cultures labeled with [3h]-arachidonic acid. prostaglandin e2 (pge2) and leukotriene c4 (ltc4) were determined by eia analysis. the relative potencies of the different preparations were: smooth lps from salmonella abortus > or = re-lps f ... | 1994 | 7996048 |
| pretreatment of normal humans with monophosphoryl lipid a induces tolerance to endotoxin: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. | endotoxin is one of the principal mediators of gram-negative septic shock. pretreatment with monophosphoryl lipid a, a hydrolyzed derivative of endotoxin from salmonella minnesota r595, induces endotoxin tolerance and nonspecific resistance to infection in experimental animals. the present clinical trial was undertaken to test the response to monophosphoryl lipid a in humans and the ability of monophosphoryl lipid a to attenuate the response of normal human volunteers to u.s. reference ec-5 endo ... | 1995 | 8001393 |
| [the use of monoclonal antibodies to lipid a for the correction of the hemodynamic disorders in endotoxemia]. | endotoxemia induced by gram-negative bacteria leads to endotoxic shock pathogenetically stemming from the integral component of the bacterial wall--lipid a. the study made to define the ability of lipid a monoclonal antibodies to correct hemodynamic disturbances due to endotoxemia in dog experiments showed the efficacy of the antibodies administration. relps isolated from salmonella minnesota was used as an antigen. administration of the complex monoclonal antibodies-endotoxin caused no hemodyna ... | 1993 | 8020702 |
| generation of monoclonal antibodies specific for ganglioside lactones: evidence of the expression of lactone on human melanoma cells. | we generated 3 murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for ganglioside lactones by immunizing c3h/hen mice with purified lactones adsorbed to salmonella minnesota followed by fusion with mouse myeloma cells. the use of a wide variety of glycolipids, including ganglioside lactones, enabled the precise structures recognized by these mabs to be elucidated through an elisa and by immunostaining on thin-layer chromatography. mab amr38, which was generated with gm1 lactone, showed restricted spec ... | 1994 | 8026889 |
| detailed structural characterization of lipid a: electrospray ionization coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. | previous studies have defined specific functional relationships within monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) preparations. to extend this understanding to all contributing entities, mla samples have been structurally characterized using electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation (cid), and tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms). mla profiles of salmonella minnesota re595 have been compared with shigella flexneri for sample type and component distribution. in excess of 20 individual structures comp ... | 1994 | 8053569 |
| 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose in lps of enterobacterial r-mutants and its possible role for their polymyxin reactivity. | the content of 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinopyranose (l-arap4n) and the phosphate substitution pattern of the lps of various strains from salmonella minnesota, yersinia enterocolitica and proteus mirabilis was determined by gc/ms, hplc and 31p-nmr. these data allowed us to examine the possible role of these components for the polymyxin b-binding capacity of lps and for the minimal inhibiting concentration (mic) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (mbc) of polymyxins b and e towards the respec ... | 1994 | 8061656 |
| an anti-idiotype antibody which mimics the inner-core region of lipopolysaccharide protects mice against a lethal challenge with endotoxin. | recently, we described the generation and characterization of an armenian hamster ab2 beta anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody (mab4g2) specific for the binding site of a mouse monoclonal antibody, maby1-4a6, directed against the conserved 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonate (kdo)-containing inner-core region of lipopolysaccharide (lps) (s. k. field, m. pollack, and d. c. morrison, microb. pathog. 15:103-120, 1993). in that study, mice and hamster immunized with mab4g2 generated serum immunoglobulin g and ... | 1994 | 8063418 |
| murine monoclonal antibody elicited with antibiotic-exposed escherichia coli exerts protective capacity in experimental bacterial infections. | escherichia coli pre-exposed to a sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (sub-mic) of several antibiotics elicits an enhanced humoral response which is protective against challenges with untreated homologous and heterologous bacteria. to characterise the specificity of this response we produced murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to aztreonam-treated e. coli o6:k-. this resulted in the identification of mab mt 1f, of isotype igg1, that recognised a 12-kda protein component of the untreated bacteri ... | 1994 | 8064837 |
| correlation between the capacity to activate macrophages in vitro and the antitumor activity in vivo of lipopolysaccharides from different bacterial species. | the correlation between the activation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharides (lps) from four different bacterial species and their antitumor effect in a rat model of colon cancer was investigated. the efficacy of lps from neisseria meningitidis (nm), salmonella minnesota (sm), escherichia coli (ec) and bordetella pertussis (bp) was evaluated as the smallest concentration inducing rat peritoneal macrophages (pm psi) to produce tumor necrosis factor (tnf), interleukin-1 (il-1), il-6 and nitric oxi ... | 1994 | 8088853 |
| binding studies of a monoclonal antibody specific for 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid with a panel of klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharides representing all of the o serotypes. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) raised against salmonella minnesota r595 and specific for alpha-3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (alpha-kdo) of the inner core was tested for binding to lipopolysaccharides (lps) of klebsiella pneumoniae. the mab was tested in several assay systems (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, passive hemolysis, and inhibition of passive hemolysis) with a large panel (n = 23) of k. pneumoniae lps representing all nine currently known o serotypes. mab 20 showed reactivity with a ... | 1994 | 8112839 |
| [protective activity of the recombinant strain salmonella minnesota r595/gsa, synthesizing the plague capsule antigen in experimental plague in mice]. | protective properties of the recombinant strain salmonella minnesota r595/gsa in experimental murine plague were studied. the recombinant vaccine refi possesses a high protective activity against plague with the level of survival, the ld50, indexes of immunity and the mean periods of animal death not inferior to those of the commercial vaccine. the protective properties of the live and killed recombinant refi vaccines in experimental murine plague are practically identical. the experimental reco ... | 1994 | 8133846 |
| effects of tumor necrosis factor and dexamethasone on the regulation of interferon-gamma induction by monophosphoryl lipid a. | monophosphoryl lipid a (mla), derived from lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota strain r595, induced rapid accumulation of interferon (ifn)-gamma in mice. tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha appeared to be a cofactor for ifn-gamma induction by mla. with low doses of mla (< 5 micrograms), ifn-gamma induction was dependent upon exogenous tnf-alpha administered either in advance of or with mla. a 25 micrograms dose of mla induced significant ifn-gamma accumulation in the absence of exogen ... | 1994 | 8136945 |
| generation of one set of murine monoclonal antibodies specific for globo-series glycolipids: evidence for differential distribution of the glycolipids in rat small intestine. | we generated four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for globo-series glycolipids by immunizing c3h/hen mice with these purified glycolipids adsorbed to salmonella minnesota followed by fusion with mouse myeloma cells. by use of a wide variety of glycolipids, the precise structures recognized by these mabs were elucidated through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunostaining on thin-layer chromatography. these four mabs, designated as bgr23, bgr47, bmr26, and bgr27, exhibi ... | 1994 | 8161226 |
| characterization of antisera raised against treponema denticola (atcc 33521) whole cell, outer sheath, protoplasmic cylinder, and axial flagella. | in this study we produced polyclonal antisera directed to whole cell, outer sheath, protoplasmic cylinder and axial flagella sonicates of treponema denticola (atcc 33521) reference strain. furthermore, the reactivity of the antisera was determined, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting techniques. as control antigen, other gram-negative bacteria (salmonella minnesota, escherichia coli) and related pathogenic spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi and treponema pallidum) were ... | 1994 | 8167426 |
| production and characterization of a polyclonal antiserum against spiroplasma mirum (atcc 29335). | spiroplasma mirum (atcc 29335), an american tick isolate, was cultivated and its purity was controlled using electron microscopy and tricine-sds-page. in the sds-page analysis, the protein pattern of the antigen used revealed a polypeptide profile (35 bands) with an approximate molecular weight of 161 kda to 10.5 kda. this strain was used to immunize two rabbits. the produced antisera did not cross-react with mycoplasma pneumoniae, salmonella minnesota, borrelia burgdorferi, treponema pallidum b ... | 1994 | 8167436 |
| inhibition of endotoxin-induced interleukin 8 release by teicoplanin in human whole blood. | antibiotic-induced endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; lps) release may precipitate septic shock. in the present study the effect of teicoplanin, which has been reported to neutralize lps in experimental models, on lps neutralization was investigated in human whole blood samples. levels of interleukin 8, a preinflammatory cytokine which was stimulated by salmonella minnesota r595 lps (12.6 micrograms/ml), were monitored over time. interleukin 8 concentrations increased over time up to 24 h. when lps ... | 1993 | 8187790 |
| molecular structures that influence the immunomodulatory properties of the lipid a and inner core region oligosaccharides of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. | the relationship between chain length as well as the position of fatty acyl groups to the ability of lipid a to abolish the expression of suppressor t-cell (ts) activity was examined. fatty acyl chain lengths of c12 to c14, as in the lipid a of escherichia coli and salmonella minnesota, appear to be optimal for this bioactivity, since lipid a preparations with fatty acyl groups of relatively short chain length (c10 to c12 for pseudomonas aeruginosa and chromobacterium violaceum) or predominantly ... | 1994 | 8188347 |
| comparison of x-ray powder-diffraction data of various bacterial lipopolysaccharide structures with theoretical model conformations. | x-ray powder-diffraction experiments have been performed on dry samples of lipid a and various rough-mutant lipopolysaccharides (lps) of salmonella minnesota, salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli. the diffraction patterns obtained indicated exclusively lamellar, bilayered arrangements in all samples. the periodicities were found to be in the range 4.5 nm for lipid a to 8.8 nm for ra-lps. upon treatment with water-saturated air, swelling of the lamellar structures was achieved, as indicate ... | 1993 | 8223620 |
| polymorphism of crystals of salmonella minnesota re and ra lipopolysaccharides. | salmonella minnesota re and ra lipopolysaccharides (lpss) formed three-dimensional crystals when they were precipitated by the addition of 2 volumes of 95% ethanol containing 375 mm mgcl2 and incubated in 70% ethanol containing 250 mm mgcl2 at 4 c. besides typical shapes of crystals, hexagonal plates and solid columns, which were already reported (j. bacteriol. 172: 1516-1528 (1990)), the lpss thus treated formed crystals possessing various shapes such as square or rectangular plate, lozenge pla ... | 1993 | 8231969 |
| endotoxin stimulates drinking in rats without changing dehydrational signals controlling thirst. | intravenous injections of endotoxins from escherichia coli or salmonella minnesota stimulate drinking and reduce urinary excretion of water and solutes in rats. e. coli endotoxin (0.15 or 0.45 mg/kg i.v.) stimulated drinking without increasing plasma osmolality or sodium concentration, hematocrit, blood hemoglobin, or plasma protein concentration and without decreasing arterial pressure. similarly, a dipsogenic dose of s. minnesota endotoxin (0.25 mg/kg i.v.) did not reduce arterial or venous pr ... | 1993 | 8238605 |
| stimulation of drinking by bacterial endotoxins in the rat. | we investigated the effects of endotoxins on water balance, rectal temperature, and food intake in male long-evans rats with femoral venous catheters. extracts of escherichia coli or salmonella minnesota, in doses ranging from 125 to 500 micrograms/kg iv, stimulated drinking and reduced urinary water loss for several hours. the net gain of 5 ml water 2 h after the lowest dose of e. coli endotoxin was sufficient to reduce plasma osmolality and sodium concentration 2 to 3%. drinking occurred durin ... | 1993 | 8248364 |
| structural characterization of gangliosides from resting and endotoxin-stimulated murine b lymphocytes. | b lymphocytes from cba/j mice were stimulated in splenocyte cultures for 72 h with various endotoxins. bisphosphoryl lipid a from escherichia coli had the highest stimulatory effect followed by lps of citrobacter freundii and salmonella minnesota as measured by [3h]thymidine uptake. gangliosides of stimulated b cells (metabolically labeled with d-[1-14c]galactose and d-[1-14c]glucosamine) and unlabeled gangliosides from resting b cells (prepared from spleens without stimulus) were analyzed by hi ... | 1993 | 8251488 |
| influence of the supramolecular structure of free lipid a on its biological activity. | the three-dimensional supramolecular structures and the states of order of the acyl chains of lipid a from different gram-negative species were investigated at 40 degrees c, high water content (80-90%), and different [lipid a]/[mg2+] molar ratios using synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. measurements were made on free lipid a from salmonella minnesota r595, mono- and bi-phosphoryl, as well as those from the non-enterobacterial strains rhodobacter ... | 1993 | 8269946 |
| specificity of rabbit antisera against the rough lipopolysaccharide of salmonella minnesota strain r7 (chemotype rd1p-). | rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of the rd1p- mutant strain r7 of salmonella minnesota were serologically characterized using r7 lps, dephosphorylated lps, deacylated lps, deacylated, dephosphorylated and reduced lps, and synthetic partial structures. the latter comprised partial structures of the core region of rd1p- lps bound to the beta 1-->6-linked glucosamine dissacharide with two amide-linked 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid residues or artificial glycoconjugate ... | 1993 | 8275057 |
| sugar-binding sites with specificity for glucosamine in the guinea pig middle ear mucosa. | glucosamine-binding sites were detected in lowicryl k4m-embedded guinea pig middle ear mucosa by electron microscopy, using glucosaminyl bovine serum albumin. incubation of ultrathin tissue sections with gold-labeled glucosaminyl bovine serum albumin (glcn/bsa/gold) resulted in binding mainly on cilia, microvilli, rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclei. the sugar binding was not inhibited after ultrathin sections had been digested with trypsin or neuraminidase. various carbohydrates and glycocon ... | 1993 | 8286107 |
| specificity of rabbit antisera against the rough lipopolysaccharide of salmonella minnesota r4 (chemotype rd2p-) | rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the rough mutant lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota r4 (chemotype rd2p-) were serologically characterized by using r4 lps, deacylated lps, dephosphorylated lps, and synthetic partial structures, including compounds comprising the core region of rd2p- lps bound to the beta 1-->6-linked glucosamine disaccharide with two amide-linked 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid residues or coupled to bovine serum albumin. by using a passive hemolysis assay and an e ... | 1993 | 8335352 |
| the outer membranes of brucella spp. are not barriers to hydrophobic permeants. | the patterns of susceptibility to hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and the uptake of the fluorescent probe n-phenyl-naphthylamine in brucella spp., haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli, and deep rough salmonella minnesota mutants were compared. the results show that the outer membranes of smooth and naturally rough brucella spp. do not represent barriers to hydrophobic permeants and that this absence of a barrier relates at least in part to the properties of brucella lipopolysaccharide. | 1993 | 8349567 |
| isolation and structural analysis of the tetrasaccharide 3-deoxy-5-o-[3-o- (3-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-l-glycero-alpha-d-manno-heptopyranosyl)-l-g lycero- alpha-d-manno-heptopyranosyl]-d-manno-octulosonic acid from the core region of the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella minnesota strain r5 (rough mutant chemotype rcp-). | | 1993 | 8358748 |
| structural polymorphisms of rough mutant lipopolysaccharides rd to ra from salmonella minnesota. | the structural polymorphisms of rough mutant lipopolysaccharides (lps) rd, rc, rb, and ra from salmonella minnesota (strains r4, r7, rz, r5, r345, and r60, respectively) were investigated as a function of temperature, water content, and mg2+ concentration. the gel to liquid crystalline (beta<==>alpha) phase transition temperature (tc) and the state of order within each phase were measured by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. the amount of bound water was determined by differential scannin ... | 1993 | 8373704 |
| cross-binding activity and protective capacity of monoclonal antibodies to lipid a. | six hybridoma clones (1m, 4m, 9m, 11m, 18m and 31g), secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against lipid a were obtained after fusion between cells of mouse myeloma line x63-ag8.653 and spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with acid treated salmonella minnesota bacteria coated with additional free lipid a. the specificity and cross-binding activity of the mabs were characterized in elisa by using synthetic lipid a analogs as well as different lipid a and lipopolysaccharides (lps) extracted f ... | 1993 | 8406552 |
| anti-idiotypic immunization provides protection against lethal endotoxaemia in balb/c mice. | against lipid a (the conserved moiety of lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria) neutralizing igm monoclonal antibodies (mab) 8-2 and 26-20 anti-idiotypic (ab2) mab were produced: ab2 mab km-04 (igg1) against mab 8-2, and ab2 mab pw-1 (igg2a) and pw-2 (igg1) against mab 26-20. the binding of ab2 mab km-04 to 8-2 (ab1) was strongly inhibited by a lipopolysaccharide (lps) extract from either salmonella minnesota r595 (re lps) or escherichia coli j5 (rc lps), whereas the binding of ab2 mab ... | 1993 | 8406595 |
| generation of a monoclonal antibody specific for ganglioside gm4: evidence for gm4 expression on astrocytes in chicken cerebellum. | we established a murine monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for ganglioside gm4 by immunizing c3h/hen mice with chemically synthesized gm4 adsorbed to salmonella minnesota, followed by fusion with mouse myeloma cells. the mab, designated as amr10, was shown to exhibit high binding specificity, reacting only with the ganglioside gm4 used for immunization and native gm4 from human brain. we determined the distribution of gm4 in adult chicken cerebellum by means of the immunofluorescence technique w ... | 1993 | 8407875 |
| lipopolysaccharide (lps) processing by kupffer cells releases a modified lps with increased hepatocyte binding and decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulatory capacity. | normal physiological clearance of gut-derived endotoxin lipopolysaccharide [lps] has been described previously; initially, there is uptake by kupffer cells (kc), then release of modified lps, followed by hepatocyte uptake. previous work in our laboratories indicated that lps is structurally modified with loss of carbohydrate prior to its release by kc. in this study, we functionally characterize kc modified lps. kc-modified 125i-lps was prepared from primary rat kc. escherichia coli 0127:b8 nati ... | 1993 | 8424104 |
| inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha synthesis by polymyxin b sulfate. | the antibiotic polymyxin b sulfate is a cationic polypeptide with a unique cyclical configuration and distinct cationic characteristics. in this investigation, polymyxin b was evaluated to determine its ability to prevent synthesis of lactic acid and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated strain raw 264.7 macrophage-like cell populations. in this context, gradient concentrations of polymyxin b were formulated in the presence of fixed concentrations of lipopolysa ... | 1993 | 8430940 |