Publications

miconazole/chlorhexidine shampoo as an adjunct to systemic therapy in controlling dermatophytosis in cats.	a 2 per cent miconazole/2 per cent chlorhexidine shampoo was used in two groups of persian cats infected with microsporum canis. in the first group, the cats were treated with griseofulvin alone while, in the second, griseofulvin was used with the shampoo. the clinical signs of the cats were scored on a scale of 1 to 4 for seborrhoea, ease of epilation of hair and the extent of primary lesions, to try to give an overall impression of hair coat condition. the speed of resolution of the infection ...	1999	10340245
phylogeny and taxonomy of the family arthrodermataceae (dermatophytes) using sequence analysis of the ribosomal its region.	the internal transcribed spacer (its) region, covering the its1, its2 and 5.8s ribosomal dna was used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships within the fungal family arthrodermataceae. sequences of variable length, ranging between 522 and 684 base pairs were aligned. an unrooted consensus tree based on parsimony analysis showed trichophyton to be polyphyletic, and microsporum to be paraphyletic. non-monophyly of these two genera is in conflict with traditional classification. but this relation i ...	1999	10361266
humoral and cellular immune response to a crude exo-antigen and purified keratinase of microsporum canis in experimentally infected guinea pigs.	in order to understand better the host-parasite relationship and to compare with previous observations in microsporum canis naturally infected cats, the humoral and cellular immune responses to both a crude exo-antigen and a 31.5 kda purified keratinase were evaluated in 12 m. canis experimentally infected guinea pigs. humoral and cellular responses were assessed by elisa from days 0 to 56 postinfection (pi) and by measurement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses on days 14 and 57 pi ...	1999	10361268
tinea capitis: an overview with emphasis on management.	tinea capitis is perhaps the most common mycotic infection in children. in north america the epidemiology of tinea capitis has changed so that trichophyton tonsurans now predominates over micro-sporum audouinii. with this transition the utility of the wood's light for diagnosis has been reduced since t. tonsurans infection is wood's light negative. griseofulvin has been the mainstay of therapy for the last 40 years. the newer antifungal agents-itraconazole, terbinafine, and fluconazole-appear to ...	1999	10383772
tinea capitis in basrah, iraq.	tinea capitis is the most common type of dermatophytosis constituting 35.2% (173/491) of all cases of dermatophytosis seen at two out-patients dermatological clinics of the basrah general hospital and at two private dermatological clinics between october 1994 and december 1995. males were more commonly affected than females represented by 60 and 40%, respectively. out of 173 mycologically positive cases, 143 specimens were culture-positive, represented by five dermatophyte species; trichophyton ...	1999	10424105
[the etiology and epidemiology of dermatophytoses in goiânia, go, brazil].	dermatophytoses are superficial infections that may lead to lesions of keratinized tissues, like skin, hair and nails. a total of 6068 individuals from goiânia, go, with suspected dermatophytic lesions were examined over a period of five years (1993-1997) in order to determine the incidence and etiology of dermatophytosis. material collected from different body parts was submitted to direct microscopic examination using koh, cultured in sabouraud agar and microscopically examined for colony morp ...	1999	10495665
histopathological pattern and humoral immune response to a crude exo-antigen and purified keratinase of microsporum canis in symptomatic and asymptomatic infected cats.	in order to understand better the mechanisms involved in the diverse clinical patterns in microsporum canis-infected cats, the histopathological features were compared in symptomatic and asymptomatic infected cats. additionally, the igg immune response to a crude exo-antigen and purified keratinase of m. canis was studied by elisa in cats of various clinical and mycological status. acute and subacute perifolliculitis and folliculitis occurred more frequently in symptomatic than asymptomatic cats ...	1999	10200928
[dermatomycosis in human and animals].	dermatomycosis including dermatophytosis, sporotrichosis and cryptococcosis commonly occurs in humans and animals all and are considered to be zoonotic diseases. recently, human cases of dermatophytosis transmitted from animals are increasing in number due to changes in the environments of human and animal life. three species of dermatophytes, microsporum canis, trichophyton mentagrophytes and t. verrucosum are the most important pathogens from animal to human, respectively. therefore, it is nec ...	1999	9929576
risk factors for lung cancer among northern thai women: epidemiological, nutritional, serological, and bacteriological surveys of residents in high- and low-incidence areas.	lung cancer incidence among northern thai women is one of the highest in asia (an annual age-adjusted incidence rate of 37.4 per 100,000), and the incidence rate significantly differs by geographical districts. therefore, we conducted a comparative study of women living in the sarapee area, which showed the highest (crude incidence rate, 40.9), and the chom tong area, which had one of the lowest incidence rates (8.5) in chiang mai province, despite the two areas' geographical and cultural closen ...	1999	10622527
dermatophytic granuloma caused by microsporum canis in a heart-lung recipient.	we present a case of dermatophytic granuloma caused by microsporum canis in a heart-lung recipient. this 66-year-old man was seen for erythematous pustules and papules on the forearm. the diagnosis was suspected after histological examination showing an inflammatory infiltrate in the upper dermis with giant cells containing intracytoplasmic fungal elements. cultures of the skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis identifying m. canis. our case emphasizes the possibility of deep dermatophytic infectio ...	1999	10393464
tinea capitis in children in northern greece during the period 1981-1995.	in our 15 years of investigation in northern greece, the predominant organism producing tinea capitis in children was found to be the zoophilic microsporum canis (494 strains) which is a common saprophyte of the hair of pets, especially cats. the high percentage of cases with m. canis (97%), in contrast to zoophilic fungi (3%), is probably due to the increased contact of children with pets. the small number of infections with anthropophilic fungi (41 strains) is attributed to good hygienic condi ...	1999	10424103
in vitro evaluation of antifungal properties of phenylpropanoids and related compounds acting against dermatophytes.	thirty-four arylpropanoids and related compounds were evaluated in vitro for antifungal properties. among them, 22 phenyl-, 4 naphthyl-, and 4 phenanthrylpropanoids; naphthalene; phenanthrene; and 2-chloro-1-hexyl-1-propanone were tested against dermatophytes by the agar dilution method. alpha-halopropiophenones exhibited a broad spectrum of activities against microsporum canis, microsporum gypseum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, trichophyton rubrum, and epidermophyton floccosum, with mic values b ...	1999	10543891
the use of itraconazole to treat cutaneous fungal infections in children.	cutaneous mycoses such as tinea capitis, onychomycosis and some cases of tinea corporis/cruris, and tinea pedis/manus require oral antifungal therapy. there is relatively limited data regarding the use of the newer oral antifungal agents, e.g. itraconazole, in the treatment of these mycoses in children.	1999	10592406
identification of dermatophytes by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir).	fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is an established method in the routine diagnosis of various micro-organisms, including bacteria and yeasts, on a species level. its possible value in the diagnostics of dermatophytes was analysed using three clinical isolates each of the three most frequently found species, namely trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes and microsporum canis. the results encourage further work to establish a library which would allow the use of this method in the ...	1999	10592695
tinea capitis in siena, italy. an 18-year survey.	in the period 1980-1998, 181 cases of tinea capitis out of a total of 1480 cases of dermatophytosis were observed in siena, italy; 176 cases were children (mean age 6 years, range 45 days to 14 years; 91 boys, 85 girls) and the other five cases were postmenopausal women. diagnosis was made on the basis of culture which was positive in 179 cases, and direct microscopic observation which was positive in 155 of 179 cases. in two cases, positive direct microscopic results were not confirmed by the c ...	1999	10592701
case report. tinea corporis purpurea.	we report a case of tinea corporis purpurea localized to a calf in a 36-year-old woman. the patient, who was also affected by mild superficial venous insufficiency of lower limbs, complained of intense pruritus. microsporum canis was the aetiological agent. clinically atypical varieties of tinea corporis were sometimes reported in the literature, particularly in hiv-positive patients, although they are uncommon in immunocompetent patients; in particular, tinea corporis purpurea is very rare.	1999	10592707
detection by elisa of the humoral immune response in rabbits naturally infected with trichophyton mentagrophytes.	an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and its diagnostic potential evaluated for rabbits infected by trichophyton mentagrophytes. within-run and between-run coefficient of variance varied from 2.3 to 7.7% and from 5.9 to 8.5%, respectively, indicating satisfactory reproducibility of the elisa. there was no significant cross-reaction with antigens of microsporum canis, malassezia pachydermatis and aspergillus fumigatus. the level of specific igg to trichophyton menta ...	1999	10591499
epidemiology of dermatomycoses of humans in central poland. part v. tinea corporis.	the total number of dermatophytoses (7393) included 2204 (29.8%) cases of tinea glabrosa. etiological factors in descending order were: microsporum canis (23.5%), trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum (21.6%), trichophyton rubrum (17.8%), trichophyton tonsurans (10.4%), epidermophyton floccosum (7.7%), t. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum (6.0%), microsporum gypseum (5.3%), trichophyton violaceum (3.7%), t. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (2.3%), microsporum equinum (0.7%), trichophyton ve ...	1999	10680444
isolation of total rna from dermatophytes.	we report a method for the preparation of total rna from the anthropophilic dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum. to generate large quantities of mycelia, the fungus was grown in liquid culture medium. the harvested mycelial mass was ground to a fine powder in liquid nitrogen and homogenized in guanidine isothiocyanate buffer followed by ultracentrifugation of the obtained suspension through a caesium chloride gradient. analysis of the prepared rna showed two prominent ribosomal rna (rrna) bands of ...	1999	10680437
efficacy of oral terbinafine in feline dermatophytosis due to microsporum canis.	microsporum canis is the dermatophyte most commonly responsible for ringworm in cats. the purpose of this paper was to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of oral terbinafine (lamisil; sandoz) in the treatment of feline ringworm caused by m canis, and to consider this drug as an alternative to griseofulvin or imidazoles. fifteen cats infected with m canis were treated orally once daily with 30 mg/kg of terbinafine over a 2-week period. all treated animals were checked for dermatophytes on the last day ...	1999	11919014
antifungal activity of plant extracts against dermatophytes.	the aqueous extracts (15 micrograms ml-1 medium) of 22 plants used in folkloric medicine in palestine were investigated for their antifungal activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) against nine isolates of microsporum canis, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton violaceum. the extract of the different plant species reduced colony growth of the three dermatophytes by 36 to 100% compared with the control treatment. antimycotic activity of the extract against the three dermatop ...	1999	10680445
prevalence of dermatophytoses in the zarqa district of jordan.	a total of 350 clinically suspected cases of dermatomycoses were examined for causative fungi during july 1997 to september 1998. mycotic infection was demonstrable by microscopy and culture in 199 (56.8%) cases. the most common superficial mycotic infections were tinea pedis (35.2%) followed by tinea capitis (23.1%), tinea unguium (21.6%) and tinea corporis (10.6%). most of the infected patients were 1-9, 20-29 and 30-39 years old. men were mainly infected with tinea cruris and tinea pedis, whi ...	1999	10685449
isolation and identification of a new antifungal sesquiterpene lactone from inula viscosa.	a new sesquiterpene - tayunin - has been isolated and purified from powdered leaves of inula viscosa (l.) ait. the chemical structure was determined by 1d and 2d nmr analysis, and ir and ms. tayunin inhibits the growth of microsporum canis at a concentration of 10 microg/ml and trichophyton rubrum at 50 microg/ml(mic).	1999	17260308
[dermatophytes isolated in hospital universitario 12 de octubre (madrid, spain).].	over a 10 year period (january 1988 - december 1997), 3,241 dermatophyte strains were isolated from 18,465 specimens from patients in whom dermatophytosis was suspected clinically. this represents a 17.5% rate of isolation. trichophyton rubrum (38.44%), microsporum canis (28.75%), epidermophyton floccosum (14.5%) and trichophyton mentagrophytes (13.5%) were the dominant species, and trichophyton tonsurans (2.09%) has emerged, whilst in the previous decade it had virtually disappeared. our study ...	1999	18473578
[mycological view of dermatophytes in humans.].	dermatophytes are a group of closely related fungi that have the capacity to invade keratinized tissue (skin, hair, and nails) of humans and animals to produce an infection, dermatophytosis, commonly referred to as ringworm. dermatophytoses are common of world wide: in the united states, microsporum audouinii and microsporum canis, once the major agents of tinea capitis, have been superseded by trichophyton tonsurans. since the 1950s, t. tonsuranshas advanced from mexico and the caribbean and is ...	1999	18473586
[on the epidemiology of dermatophytoses in granada (andalousia, spain).].	one hundred and fourteen dermatophytes were isolated during the period from january 1995 to may 1997 in our outpatient's center of dermatology, at the universitary hospital of granada. trichophyton rubrum (35.96%) was the commonest species, followed by trichophyton mentagrophytes (21.19%) and microsporum canis (21.19%). on the clinical ground, tinea unguium (24.56%) was predominant, with tinea corporis (23.68%) and also tinea capitis (2192 %). our results are compared with recent data from other ...	1999	18473602
[animal dermatophytosis. recent advances].	the proportion of positive samples in relation to the number of samples examined from cases of dog and cat dermatophytosis varies considerably from one investigation to another. in dogs, it ranges between 4% and 10% and few studies show higher prevalences. on the other hand, the percentages of positive cultures cited in the reviewed literature from dogs with or without suspected dermatophytosis are quite similar. in dogs with suspected lesions of dermatophytosis, with few exceptions, microsporum ...	2000	15762784
the development of the method for the determination of terbinafine in cat's plasma and hair.	clinical investigations of terbinafine indicate its high treatment activity against infections by several dermatophytes. its efficiency was tested also in the treatment of microsporosis in cats. the distribution of terbinafine in cat's plasma and hair is important for the identification of the drug efficiency. a fast and reliable reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with appropriate sample preparation has been developed.reliability, good reproducibility and low detection ...	2000	28008526
[dermatophytes from animals].	dermatophytes from animal dermatophytoses were investigated, especially for their teleomorphs and molecular characteristics. microsporum canis, m. equinum, m. gypseum, m. nanum, trichophyton equinum, t. mentagrophytes complex, t. rubrum and t. verrucosum were isolated as the etiological agents of animal ringworm in japan. they were morphologically and biochemically identified and their perfect states were examined. the teleomorph of m. canis was first obtained and reported as nanizzia otae in 19 ...	2000	10660635
a study of the efficacy of topical and systemic therapy for the treatment of feline microsporum canis infection.	microsporum canis infection was induced in 21 healthy spf-derived cats. once infection was established (4 weeks after inoculation) the cats were divided into three equal groups housed in separate rooms and monitored for 16 weeks. during this time, group a cats received oral griseofulvin at approximately 50 mg/kg daily and were shampooed twice weekly with a product containing chlorhexidine and miconazole. group b cats were treated with griseofulvin alone, and group c cats served as untreated cont ...	2000	11716608
antifungal effects of hydrolysable tannins and related compounds on dermatophytes, mould fungi and yeasts.	a series of hydrolysable tannins and related compounds was evaluated for antifungal activities against filamentous fungi (epidermophyton floccosum; microsporum canis; microsporum gypseum; trichophyton mentagrophytes; trichophyton rubrum; trichophyton tonsurans; trichophyton terrestre; penicillium italicum; aspergillus fumigatus; mucor racemosus; rhizopus nigricans) and opportunistic yeasts (candida albicans; candida glabrata; candidata krusei; cryptococcus neoformans), using the agar dilution me ...	2000	10928561
microsporum canis associated with otitis externa in a persian cat.		2000	10955895
characterization of an extracellular keratinase from microsporum canis.	extracellular keratinase (ekase) 48-, 34- and 31.5-kda polypeptides, which were isolated from microsporum canis and examined by immunoblotting reacted with a monoclonal antibody against ekase of m. canis. we analyzed the amino acid and determined the first 17 amino acid nh2-terminal sequences of the 48-, 34- and 31.5-kda polypeptides. these polypeptides had a high aspartic acid, glycine and alanine content, respectively. the first 17 amino acid residues of the 34-kda polypeptide were homologous ...	2000	11064325
tinea capitis.	tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection of the scalp in children. dermatophytes are classified into three genera; tinea capitis is caused predominantly by trichophyton or microsporum species. on the basis of host preference and natural habitat, dermatophytes are also classified as anthropophilic, geophilic and zoophilic. the etiological agents of tinea capitis usually fall in the first and last categories. in north america, tinea capitis is now predominantly due to trichophyton tonsuran ...	2000	10975696
detection of microsporum canis in the skin scrapings and hairs of dogs with dermatophytosis based on sequences of the chitin synthase 1 gene.	in the present study, to confirm microsporum canis infection rapidly, we detected the chitin synthase gene 1 (chs1) gene of m. canis in the hair and skin samples of four dogs with dermatophytosis. amplification of the dnas in the four samples with chs1 primers yielded fragments of about 620-bp. nucleotide sequence analysis of the chs1 gene fragments from samples and a reference strain of m. canis gene showed more than 99% similarity. the method presented in this study can rapidly detect the dna ...	2000	10981834
nosocomial ringworm in a neonatal intensive care unit: a nurse and her cat.	an outbreak of nosocomial ringworm involved five infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. the index case was a nurse infected with microsporum canis by her cat. after standard infection control measures were initiated, the outbreak was resolved successfully by an interdisciplinary professional collaboration of physician and veterinary dermatologists and infection control personnel.	2000	11001268
the development of the method for the determination of terbinafine in cat's plasma and hair.	clinical investigations of terbinafine indicate its high treatment activity against infections by several dermatophytes. its efficiency was tested also in the treatment of microsporosis in cats. the distribution of terbinafine in cat's plasma and hair is important for the identification of the drug efficiency. a fast and reliable reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with appropriate sample preparation has been developed. reliability, good reproducibility and low detectio ...	2000	11005657
[microsporum canis mycetoma of the scalp].	mycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous tumefaction with presence of grains or granules. etiological agents include bacteria or filamentous fungi. mycetoma due to dermatophytes is uncommon, mainly occurring in africa. to our knowledge, no case has been reported in the west indies. only two observations of micosporum canis mycetoma in humans have been reported in the literature. we report a third case of mycetoma of the scalp caused by this fungus.	2000	11011164
[dermatophytoses due to domestic animals].	dermatophytoses are superficial skin infections due to dermatophytes which are filamentous fungi. some dermatophytes can be hosted by domestic animals. in belgium, microsporum canis, trichophyton (t.) mentagrophytes variety mentagrophytes, t. verrucosum and t. equinum are zoophilic species capable of infecting humans. animals, clinical aspects in humans and the investigations needed will be reviewed. treatment should target animal and patient but also limit the spread of the infection. topical t ...	2000	11068472
optimizing the therapeutic approach in tinea capitis of childhood with itraconazole.	tinea capitis is the most common dermatophytosis of childhood with increasing incidence. whereas griseofulvin is considered by many as the mainstay of treatment, newer oral antifungal agents, including fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine have demonstrated higher efficacy, resulting in shorter treatment durations.	2000	11069511
[epidemiology, clinic and treatment of dermatomycoses caused by zoophilic dermatophytes] .	in the last 50 years the spectrum of agents of dermatophytoses changed. the change is remarkable especially in the case of zoophilic dermatophytes. microsporum canis has displaced trichophyton verrucosum. in the period from 1966 to 1970 2822 dermatophytoses were registered as occupational dermatoses in the former german democratic republic. in the following years the number of these diseases was continuously reduced, between 1981 and 1985 down to 995 cases. this reduction is predominantly the re ...	2000	11098618
[molecular biological methods and their consequences in taxonomy and diagnosis of dermatophytes].	trichophyton rubrum, t. mentagrophytes, t. verrucosum, microsporum canis, m. gypseum and epidermophyton flocoosum represent the cause of human dermatomycoses isolated most often at the university hospital of dermatology in graz, austria, between 1991 and 1998. so far, identification was mainly based on the cultivation of fungal isolates on special media as well as on the analysis of their microscopic characters. restriction enzyme length polymorphisms (rflps) were now used to identify these huma ...	2000	11098620
tinea faciei due to microsporum canis abscess formation.	superficial dermatophyte infections are common in children; however, complications are encountered rarely. we describe a child with tinea faciei caused by microsporum canis, who subsequently developed an abscess. complete resolution occurred after treatment with oral terbinafine.	2000	11167972
[urban and rural mycozoonoses].	the main mycozoonoses are due to specific dermatophytes which are pathogens for man and animals. contamination occurs most often after close contact with the animal showing clinical lesions or with inapparent carriage only. the contaminated environment also participates to the mycozoonotic epidemics. interhuman transmission is more rarely encountered. young children before puberty are most receptive to the disease. the main urban mycozoonosis is due to microsporum canis transmitted by dogs and c ...	2000	11195712
survey on the epidemiology of microsporum canis infections in crete, greece over a 5-year period.	microsporum canis is a frequent cause of tinea capitis and tinea corporis in europe and especially in the mediterranean area. objective this study was undertaken to examine the epidemiologic features of all cases of m. canis infections recorded in crete, greece, during a 5-year period (1994-1998).	2000	10651959
comparison of terbinafine and griseofulvin in the treatment of tinea capitis.	griseofulvin has been used for many years in the treatment of tinea capitis. increase in resistance to this medication has led to a search for new therapeutic alternatives.	2000	10607324
fungal flora on cutaneous and mucosal surfaces of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus or feline leukemia virus.	to compare cutaneous and mucosal mycoflora in cats infected with fiv or felv with that in noninfected cats.	2000	10685687
once weekly fluconazole is effective in children in the treatment of tinea capitis: a prospective, multicentre study.	in an open, multicentre evaluation carried out in brazil, canada and south africa we have demonstrated that fluconazole 8 mg kg-1 once weekly is effective in tinea capitis caused by trichophyton and microsporum species. there were 61 children, aged (mean +/- se) 5.0 +/- 0.3 years; weight (mean +/- 5.6) 20.0 +/- 0.9 kg; 41 males, 20 females; one asian, 57 black, one caucasian and two hispanic. the organisms were trichophyton violaceum (33 patients), t. tonsurans (11) and microsporum canis (17). t ...	2000	10809856
tinea capitis in benghazi, libya.	tinea capitis is a worldwide problem. it affects mainly school age children. late detection and improper treatment of the inflammatory type of this disease may result in disfigurement and permanent alopecia. the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, clinical types, and causative species of tinea capitis in benghazi, libya.	2000	10809973
molecular and conventional taxonomy of the microsporum canis complex.	the validity of taxa around microsporum canis was evaluated by a combination of phenetic and molecular methods. morphological and physiological features were compared with results of sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of the ribosomal operon, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fingerprinting and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis. the seven species investigated seem to be infraspecific taxa and were reclassified or synonymized as m. canis (teleomorph: art ...	2000	10817231
an evaluation of the in vitro activity of terbinafine.	terbinafine has previously been shown to be highly active against dermatophytes and many other filamentous fungi. however, its activity against yeasts is controversial, with earlier reports suggesting that it has low activity, while more recent studies demonstrated that terbinafine is effective against yeasts. in this study, the in vitro activity of terbinafine was evaluated against a broad range of fungal isolates. we examined the susceptibility of 100 yeast strains (10 species including candid ...	2000	10817232
inhibitors of the fungal cell wall. synthesis of 4-aryl-4-n-arylamine-1-butenes and related compounds with inhibitory activities on beta(1-3) glucan and chitin synthases.	as part of our project devoted to the search for antifungal agents, which act via a selective mode of action, we synthesized a series of new 4-aryl- or 4-alkyl-n-arylamine-1-butenes and transformed some of them into 2-substituted 4-methyl-tetrahydroquinolines and quinolines by using a novel three-step synthesis. results obtained in agar dilution assays have shown that 4-aryl homoallylamines not possessing halogen in their structures, tetrahydroquinolines and quinolines, display a range of antifu ...	2000	10819157
efficacy of chlorhexidine against some strains of cultured and clinically isolated microorganisms.	the efficacy of chlorhexidine digluconate was determined against some strains of collected and clinically isolated bacteria and fungi. the efficacy was evaluated either by calculating a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) or by efficacy trials according to the guidelines of the european committee for standardization. the mic values of chlorhexidine for staphylococcus aureus, microsporum gypseum, microsporum canis and trichophyton mentagrophytes were 0.625 microg/ml, 12.5 microg/ml, 50 microg/ ...	2000	10836268
case reports. pityriasis amiantacea as manifestation of tinea capitis due to microsporum canis.	we report three patients, two infants and an adult, in whom their tinea capitis clinically appeared as pityriasis amiantacea. the mycological studies showed infection due to microsporum canis in all cases. correct diagnosis as well as adequate antimycotic chemotherapy of this atypical manifestation of tinea capitis remain a challenge to the clinician. epidemiological aspects must be regarded also.	2000	10838857
white superficial onychomycosis of a toenail due to microsporum canis.		2000	10877147
application of pcr to distinguish common species of dermatophytes.	this report describes the application of pcr fingerprinting for the identification of species and varieties of common dermatophytes and related fungi utilizing as a single primer the simple repetitive oligonucleotide (gaca)(4). the primer was able to amplify all the strains, producing species-specific profiles for microsporum canis, microsporum gypseum, trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton ajelloi, and epidermophyton floccosum. intraspecific variability was not observed for these species. instead, ...	2001	11526185
microsporum canis tinea capitis in an 8-month-old infant successfully treated with 2 weekly pulses of oral itraconazole.	we report an 8-month-old girl with tinea capitis caused by microsporum canis which was successfully treated with two pulses of oral itraconazole 50 mg/day, each of 1 week duration with an interval of 2 weeks. m. canis tinea capitis can be a difficult therapeutic problem in an infant, as the treatment is usually long, lasting up to 4-6 weeks with griseofulvin and 6-12 weeks with terbinafine, and the desire to provide a safe systemic therapy is particularly important. with an intermittent regimen ...	2001	11207976
antifungal activity of some mono, bis and quaternary mannich bases derived from acetophenone.	the development of resistance to current antifungal therapeutics drives search for new effective agents. some mannich bases have antifungal activity, but no information is available regarding the antifungal activity of acetophenone derived mannich bases. mono mannich bases of acetophenone 1-3 were synthesized and converted into their corresponding bis derivatives, 5-7. representative quaternary derivatives 4 and 8 were also synthesized. antifungal activities of the compounds were evaluated using ...	2001	11215330
tinea capitis in two elderly women: transmission at the hairdresser.	tinea capitis is rare in the elderly. we report cases of two elderly women who presented to our dermatology clinic within 8 weeks of each other, with scalp scaling and alopecia. in both cases, microsporum canis grew on fungal culture of their hair, and required prolonged treatment with terbinafine. neither of them gave a history of contact with young children or any animals. both were fairly fit and not systemically immunocompromised. however, both had been regularly visiting the same hairdresse ...	2001	11298558
oral terbinafine for tinea capitis due to microsporum canis in children.		2001	11411922
a case of feline otitis externa due to microsporum canis.	we describe a case of a 3-month-old persian male cat with a persistent waxy, ceruminous, otic discharge in both external auditory canals. after microbiological culture, only microsporum canis was isolated with no concurrent fungal or bacterial flora. fungal otitis due to dermatophytes was diagnosed and specific treatment with griseofulvin was administered. after 4 weeks of treatment, no m. canis colonies were isolated and clinical recovery had occurred. in view of this case, dermatophytosis shou ...	2001	11346273
the aetiological agents of tinea capitis in zaragoza (spain).	between 1977 and 1997, 190 cases of tinea capitis were observed. the age groups most commonly infected were 1-10 years old. the following dermatophytes were isolated: microsporum canis (119), trichophyton mentagrophytes (57), trichophyton tonsurans (seven), trichophyton verrucosum (three), trichophyton violaceum (one), trichophyton schoenleinii (one), trichophyton soudanense (one) and microsporum audouinii (one).	2001	11398641
antifungal activity of modified hederagenin glycosides from the leaves of kalopanax pictum var. chinense.	monodesmosides which were obtained from the partial degradation of hederagenin bisdesmosides exhibited significant antifungal effect against microsporum canis, coccidioides immitis, trichophyton mentagrophytes, cryptococcus neoformans, and candida albicans at the minimal inhibitory concentrations of 6.25-25 microg/ml. the hederagenin glycosides were isolated from the leaves of kalopanax pictum var. chinense.	2001	11411568
case report. onychomycosis due to microsporum canis.	a case of distal subungual onychomycosis of the big toe due to microsporum canis is reported in a 69-year-old male asthma patient who had been treated with systemic corticosteroids for the last 3 years. the nail infection was contracted from a cat who was a healthy carrier. the patient was treated successfully with intermittent itraconazole therapy.	2001	11413924
effectiveness of terbinafine in the eradication of microsporum canis from laboratory cats.	in this study, the coats of 20 cats with no dermatophytosis lesions were sampled for colonization by microsporum canis, which was isolated in 45% of cases. all cats were treated with oral terbinafine for 3 weeks. the drug was administered orally at a daily dosage 8.25 mg kg-1. mycologic status was assessed at the end of the treatment; and after follow-up at 2 days, and 4 and 9 weeks. the final evaluation revealed a complete mycologic cure of all cats by obtaining negative cultures, thereby demon ...	2001	11413930
[advances in molecular biology of dermatophytes].	during the 44th meeting of the japanese society for medical mycology in nagasaki, 2000, a forum was held entitled advances in molecular biology of dermatophytes. based on the subject, target molecules and kind of approach, we selected seven presentations from over 100 of the poster abstracts. six of them concerned identification and one concerned viability. summaries of the 7 presentations are given in this article. of presentations on the identification methods, 5 demonstrated their usefulness: ...	2001	11331468
dermatophytoses in children: study of 137 cases.	dermatophytoses are common fungal infections caused by dermatophytes but there are few data about this condition in the childhood. 137 children below the age of 12 and clinically diagnosed as tineas were investigated prospectively at instituto de puericultura e pediatria, rio de janeiro, from 1994 to 1999. hair, skin/nails scraping and pus swabs were collected from lesions and processed for fungus. male children from 2 to 12 years were mostly affected; tinea capitis (78 cases) mainly caused by m ...	2001	11340481
tinea capitis: study of asymptomatic carriers and sick adolescents, adults and elderly who live with children with the disease.	tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection that occurs mainly in childhood; there are few reports, in brazil, in adolescents and adults. the detection of asymptomatic carriers is of great importance in the disease control. from february 1998 to february 1999, a study was performed at the outpatient dermatologic unit of instituto de puericultura e pediatria martagão gesteira (universidade federal do rio de janeiro, brasil) to verify the frequency of asymptomatic carriers and tinea capitis between ...	2001	11340482
evaluation of the dermatophyte test medium rapidvet-d.	the performance of the dermatophyte test medium (dtm) rapidvet-d was assessed using hair samples collected from experimentally infected guinea pigs. three dermatophyte species were included in the study: microsporum canis, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton equinum. dtm substrates were inoculated with infected hairs and scales, incubated at 18, 21, 24, 27 or 37 degrees c and examined daily for 15 days. the rapidity of colour change was clearly related to the incubation temperature and ...	2001	11420927
purification and characterization of a 43.5 kda keratinolytic metalloprotease from microsporum canis.	a keratinolytic protease secreted by a feline clinical isolate of microsporum canis cultivated in a broth containing feline keratin as the sole nitrogen source was purified from the culture filtrate by affinity chromatography on bacitracin-agarose and by hydrophobic chromatography on octyl-agarose. the enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 43.5 kda and the pi was 7.7. it had a significant activity against keratin azure, elastin-congo red and denatured type i collagen (azocoll). using the latt ...	2001	11446530
hair and scalp mycobiota in school children in nablus area.	hair and scalp mycobiota of 1389 clinically normal children aged 6-12 years attending 12 schools in the nablus district, palestinian authority, was assessed on three occasions over 8-month period (october 1998-may 1999) using the hair brush technique. one hundred and one fungal species belonging to 33 genera were recovered: 6 dermatophytes, 16 dermatophyte-like keratinophilic fungi, and 79 other keratinophilic fungal species. species varied considerably in their frequency of occurrence and abund ...	2001	11469760
two cases of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in the dog: an immunohistochemical study.	two cases of canine dermatophytic pseudomycetoma resulting in subcutaneous nodules resembling those previously reported in persian cats are described. culture performed from one nodule yielded dark yellow colonies consistent with microsporum canis. immunohistochemistry, using rabbit anti-m. canis, demonstrated specific binding to fungal elements in paraffin sections. the specificity of the antiserum was further tested by an agar gel immunodiffusion assay using a soluble extract from a feline iso ...	2001	11493404
expression of ubiquitin gene in microsporum canis and trichophyton mentagrophytes cultured with fluconazole.	the expression of the ubiquitin (ub) gene in dermatophytes was examined for its relation to resistance against the antifungal drug fluconazole. the nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of the ub gene in microsporum canis were proven to be 99% similar to those of the ub gene in trichophyton mentagrophytes. expression of mrna of ub in m. canis and t. mentagrophytes was enhanced when the fungi were cultured with fluconazole. the antifungal activity of fluconazole against these ...	2001	11502529
cutaneous xanthomas with concurrent demodicosis and dermatophytosis in a cat.	multiple cutaneous xanthomas, associated with fasting hyperlipidaemia, are described in a 9-month-old domestic long-haired cat. a severely pruritic, papular, and crusting dermatitis affecting the head and neck, initially diagnosed as lesions of the eosinophilic granuloma complex, progressively developed on the head and pinnae. pruritus was controlled with administration of prednisolone and chlorambucil. repeat histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous xanthoma and concurrent ...	2001	11549045
synthesis of some 4-(alkylidene/arylidene)amino-2,4-dihydro-5- (2-thienyl)-3h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones tested for antimicrobial activity.	a series of 4-(alkylidene/arylidene)amino-2,4-dihydro-5- (2-thienyl)-3h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones (2a-h) were synthesized. the structural elucidation of all the compounds was made on the basis of analytical and spectral data (ir, 1h-nmr and eims). all synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi. some of the compounds demonstrated antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538, staphylococcus epidermidis atcc 12228, tr ...	2001	11822231
a specific pcr assay for the dermatophyte fungus microsporum canis.	a dna fragment of approximately 1.2 kb, generated from the common dermatophyte microsporum canis by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using random primer opu13, was cloned and sequenced. based on the resulting sequencing data, a forward primer (mc1f) and a reverse primer (mc1r) have been designed and assessed by pcr for their usefulness in the improved identification of m. canis. the results obtained suggest that these primers are specific for m. canis, as a band of 900 bp was a ...	2001	11346271
pseudomycetoma caused by microsporum canis in a persian cat: lack of response to oral terbinafine.	an eight-year-old neutered female persian cat with a four-year history of relapsing skin disease, characterised by ulcerated nodules with a yellow granular discharge, was examined. a diagnosis of granulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis (pseudomycetoma) caused by microsporum canis was made on the basis of history, clinical signs, histopathological examination of skin biopsy specimens and culture of macerated tissue. because previous therapy, comprising repeated surgical excision and the adminis ...	2001	11721986
determination of terbinafine hydrochloride in cat hair by two chromatographic methods.	terbinafine hydrochloride (terbhcl) concentration on the site of infection with microsporum canis is a very important indicator of drug effectiveness. several chromatographic methods exist that can be used for the determination of terbhcl concentration in biological samples. a high performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) method and a gas chromatographic (gc) method have been compared and critically evaluated for the determination of a terbhcl levels in cat hair. the sensitivity and the lineari ...	2001	11748682
tinea capitis in adults during 1981-95 in northern greece.	the mycological laboratory of our hospital examined 31,073 patients between 1981 and 1995. sex, age, the residence of patients, the clinical type of tinea and contacts with other persons and animals were investigated. all the patients were also examined under wood's light. tinea capitis was diagnosed in 35 adults. trichophyton violaceum was the commonest aetiological agent (54.5%), especially in elderly women. the other anthropophilic fungi were t. rubrum (8.5%), t. schoenleinii (5.7%) and t. to ...	2001	11766106
tinea cruris due to combined infections of trichophyton mentagrophytes and microsporum canis. a case report.		2001	11800157
terbinafine hydrochloride treatment of microsporum canis experimentally-induced ringworm in cats.	cats represent the most important source of microsporum canis infection to people. terbinafine hydrochloride is commonly used in the treatment of microsporosis. its fungicidal action permits short period of treatment. it was our objective to evaluate the effectiveness of this drug in treatment of microsporosis in cats. we treated nine experimentally m. canis infected cats with terbinafine at a dose of 10-20mg/kg sid (low-dose group, ldg), nine cats with 30-40mg/kg sid (high-dose group, hdg), and ...	2001	11557156
doubled dose of oral terbinafine is required for microsporum canis tinea capitis.	fourteen children, ages 1-15 years, with microsporum canis tinea capitis were given oral terbinafine for 4 weeks at the recommended daily dose according to their weight: 10-20 kg, 62.5 mg; 20-40 kg, 125 mg; > 40 kg, 250 mg. because none of the patients had clinically responded to treatment by week 4 the dose of terbinafine was doubled (up to 250 mg) for an additional 4-8 weeks in six patients, and continued at the original dose in six patients. two patients dropped out of the study. on final eva ...	2001	11576412
tinea capitis in europe: new perspective on an old problem.	a survey of tinea capitis conducted under the auspices of the european confederation of medical mycology showed that laboratories contributing to a voluntary scheme for reporting have recently been seeing a different pattern of scalp ringworm. the survey was conducted among 92 medical mycology laboratories across 19 european countries by postal questionnaire comparing the years 1987 with 1997. the survey shows an overall increase in the numbers of cases caused by anthropophilic infections, which ...	2001	11683286
[an epidemiological study for fungus isolation during the twenty-five year periods from 1976 to 2000 in kitasato university hospital].	we investigated an epidemiological study for fungus isolation in our hospital from 1976 to 2000. for 25 years, the total sample number of fungus examination were 64,296, and after 1988, the total sample number increased suddenly. as a whole, the positive ratio was constantly about 40%. when our hospital opened, the obstetrical and gynecological samples showed 38.8% for fungus examination, but recently, samples of the respiratory organ has increased. ratio of isolation for yeast, candida albicans ...	2001	11712361
tinea capitis in infants less than 1 year of age.	tinea capitis is the most frequent manifestation of dermatophyte infection in children, but because it is rare in the first months of life it is often misdiagnosed. here we report 15 cases of tinea capitis observed in italy in infants less than 1 year of age. there were 10 boys and 5 girls (mean age 6 months). diagnosis was confirmed by mycologic examination. microsporum canis was isolated in nine cases and trichophyton mentagrophytes in three. these 12 infants were italian and animals were the ...	2001	11841628
itraconazole is effective in the treatment of tinea capitis caused by microsporum canis.	tinea capitis is a relatively common superficial fungal infection in children which requires oral antifungal therapy. in a prospective, open study over 24 weeks, itraconazole 5 mg/kg/day, given as capsules or as an oral suspension for a period of 2-12 weeks, was used to treat children 1-12 years of age who had m. canis tinea capitis. children with mycologic evidence of m. canis tinea capitis were entered into the study and asked to return at week 2 and then every 2 weeks thereafter until cured, ...	2001	11841643
efficacy of itraconazole as a combined continuous/pulse therapy in feline dermatophytosis: preliminary results in nine cases.	this study evaluated the efficacy of itraconazole as a combined continuous/pulse therapy for feline dermatophytosis. nine cats with dermatophytosis caused by microsporum canis were treated with itraconazole at 10 mg kg(-1) orally once daily for 28 days and then on an alternate week regimen (1 week off, 1 week on) at the same dosage. cats were re-evaluated by physical examination and fungal culture at days 28, 42, 56 and 70 if necessary. treatment was stopped when two consecutive negative fungal ...	2001	11844225
[fungistatic activity of a sesquiterpene lactone (tomentosin) isolated from fresh inula viscosa (asteraceae) flowers from the puglia region].	a sesquiterpene lactone, tomentosin, has been isolated and identified form inula viscosá ait (asteraceae) flowers. the molecule, at 1 mg/ml concentration, showed to be active in vitro against microsporum canis, microsporum gypseum and trichophyton mentagrophytes.	2001	11921538
phenotypic characterization of microsporum canis isolated from cats and dogs.	to characterize strains of microsporum canis that infect dogs and cats in são paulo city, 30 isolates of this dermatophyte were tested for their ability to assimilate carbon and nitrogen sources, for proteinase and phospholipase secretion, for susceptibility to yeast killer toxins, and for susceptibility to the antifungals fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin b, in e test. all samples assimilated the nitrogen sources asparagine, ammonium sulphate, urea and s ...	2001	11820261
dermatophytoses in prague, czech republic, between 1987 and 1998.	over a 12-year period, from 1987 to 1998, the spectrum of aetiological agents isolated from 11208 patients (6265 females and 4943 males) suspected of having dermatomycosis was analysed in the mycological laboratory of the department of dermatology, charles university, prague. the most frequently examined locations were toenails (34.9%), feet (15.6%), fingernails (12.8%), toe webs (11%), trunk (10%) and hands (8.7%). dermatophytes were isolated from 5605 (30.2%) of all 18528 samples examined. amo ...	2001	11820263
production of extracellular enzymes by microsporum canis and their role in its virulence.	microsporum canis is the most prevalent dermatophyte of domestic animals. several enzymes produced by dermatophytes, particularly keratinases, are considered to play a role in the virulence of this fungus. to investigate the possible relationship between the clinical status of m. canis infection and enzymatic activity of isolates, we studied the relationship between keratinase, elastase, lipase and dnase levels produced in vitro by different isolates and virulence as expressed in a guinea pig mo ...	2001	12054058
dermatophytes and other fungi associated with skin mycoses in tripoli, libya.	our objective in this study was to obtain information on the prevalence of fungi responsible for superficial mycoses in the region of tripoli, libya.	2001	17264550
[mixed dermatophyte infection in a cat].	skin mycoses in animals are mostly caused by microsporum canis, microsporum persicolor, microsporum gypseum and in rare cases by trichophyton mentagrophytes. as a rule only one dermatophyte species is isolated from skin lesions, but at times mixed infection with bacteria occur. in the described case in a cat with typical dermatomycosis, microsporum canis and trichophyton mentagrophytes were isolated simultaneously. to the best of our knowledge this is the first case of mixed dermatophyte infecti ...	2001	16886403
in vitro susceptibility of microsporum canis and other dermatophyte isolates from veterinary infections during therapy with terbinafine or griseofulvin.	we investigated the in vitro activity of terbinafine against fresh veterinary isolates of microsporum canis and the potential of this organism to develop resistance in vivo during oral therapy. dermatophyte cultures (n = 300) were obtained from naturally infected cats and dogs undergoing oral therapy with terbinafine or griseofulvin. m. canis comprised 92% of isolates; other species included microsporum gypseum and trichophyton mentagrophytes. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum ...	2002	12058731
yeasts of the genus candida are the dominant cause of onychomycosis in libyan women but not men: results of a 2-year surveillance study.	the reported frequency of recovery of fungi from infected nails varies according to the geographical area.	2002	12072073
evaluation of the efficacy of oral lufenuron combined with topical enilconazole for the management of dermatophytosis in catteries.	the efficacy of oral lufenuron, a chitin synthetase inhibitor, combined with topical enilconazole, was evaluated for the management of microsporum canis infection in 100 cats housed in two catteries in france. the cats were treated with weekly rinses with enilconazole (0.2 per cent) for four weeks and, in each cattery, one group (a) was also treated with micronised griseofulvin (25 mg/kg administered orally twice a day for five weeks) and a second group (b) was treated with 60 mg/kg lufenuron ad ...	2002	12081306
use of the sensititre colorimetric microdilution panel for antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes.	the sensititre yeastone antifungal panel was used to test 49 dermatophytes belonging to the species epidermophyton floccosum, microsporum gypseum, microsporum canis, trichophyton tonsurans, trichophyton rubrum, and trichophyton mentagrophytes. the mics of four antifungals obtained with the sensititre yeastone antifungal panel were compared with those obtained by the reference nccls microdilution method. the levels of agreement between the two methods (<or=2 dilutions) were 81.6% with amphoterici ...	2002	12089289
[morphological study of human hair infected with microsporum canis].	some aspects in forensic medical examination of hairs damaged by microsporum canis are discussed. the data of microscopic, fluorescent, and serological studies of damaged hairs and methods for their examination are presented.	2002	12165955
terbinafine: efficacy and tolerability in young children with tinea capitis due to microsporum canis.	we carried out an open, prospective, uncontrolled study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of terbinafine in the treatment of young children with tinea capitis due to microsporum canis.	2002	12195561
survey of dermatophyte infections in the lausanne area switzerland.	the dermatophytes are important in the swiss medical environment since 5-10% of consultations in dermatology concern mycotic infections.	2002	12218248