Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| epidemiological, clinical and biological features of malaria among children in niamey, niger. | malaria takes a heavy toll in niger, one of the world's poorest countries. previous evaluations conducted in the context of the strategy for the integrated management of childhood illness, showed that 84% of severe malaria cases and 64 % of ordinary cases are not correctly managed. the aim of this survey was to describe epidemiological, clinical and biological features of malaria among <5 year-old children in the paediatric department of the national hospital of niamey, niger's main referral hos ... | 2005 | 15703076 |
| entomological characteristics of malaria transmission in manhiça, a rural area in southern mozambique. | from october 1997 to september 1998, an entomological survey was carried out in manhiça, mozambique, to describe the anopheline population and intensity of malaria transmission. ten different huts were randomly selected for entomological surveillance throughout the year. cdc light trap collections were conducted during three nights each month. additional knockdown spraying catches were carried out in the morning, after the last catch. a total of 17,245 culicinae and 1,251 anophelinae were collec ... | 2005 | 15799528 |
| re-emergence of anopheles funestus and its possible effect on malaria transmission on mayotte island, indian ocean. | malaria constitutes a major public health problem on mayotte island, with the major vector being anopheles gambiae s.s. the seeming disappearance of an. funestus, the 2nd vector on the island, was observed 15 years ago. now, the presence of an. funestus during the biting collections performed in november and december 2004 confirms the re-emergence of this vector, which plays an important role in malaria transmission with an. gambiae. | 2005 | 16506577 |
| the distribution of hatching time in anopheles gambiae. | knowledge of the ecological differences between the molecular forms of anopheles gambiae and their sibling species, an. arabiensis might lead to understanding their unique contribution to disease transmission and to better vector control as well as to understanding the evolutionary forces that have separated them. | 2006 | 16553960 |
| low autochtonous urban malaria in antananarivo (madagascar). | the study of urban malaria is an area undergoing rapid expansion, after many years of neglect. the problem of over-diagnosis of malaria, especially in low transmission settings including urban areas, is also receiving deserved attention. the primary objective of the present study was to assess the frequency of malaria among febrile outpatients seen in private and public primary care facilities of antananarivo. the second aim was to determine, among the diagnosed malaria cases, the contribution o ... | 2006 | 16573843 |
| impact of the rift valley on restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of the major african malaria vector anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae). | anopheles funestus giles (diptera: culicidae) is one of africa's major malaria vectors. to understand population structure within an. funestus, various molecular markers have recently been developed. we investigated the impact of the rift valley on one such molecular marker, a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). this system distinguishes an. funestus populations into types m, w, and mw. generally, these types correlate between geographical location and rflp ... | 2006 | 17162950 |
| complexity of the malaria vectorial system in cameroon: contribution of secondary vectors to malaria transmission. | malaria transmission in africa is a dynamic and complex system that is so far superficially understood. further knowledge is required to improve control of the disease. in the present report, we highlight the contribution of the so-called "secondary" malaria vectors to the overall parasite transmission intensity in several sites across cameroon, through a retrospective analysis of surveys from the organisation de coordination pour la lutte contre les endémies en afrique centrale database. in tot ... | 2006 | 17162956 |
| malaria epidemics and interventions, kenya, burundi, southern sudan, and ethiopia, 1999-2004. | quantitative data on the onset and evolution of malaria epidemics are scarce. we review case studies from recent african plasmodium falciparum epidemics (kisii and gucha districts, kenya, 1999; kayanza province, burundi, 2000-2001; aweil east, southern sudan, 2003; gutten and damot gale, ethiopia, 2003-2004). we highlight possible epidemic risk factors and review delays in epidemic detection and response (up to 20 weeks), essentially due to poor case reporting and analysis or low use of public f ... | 2006 | 17176560 |
| novel acetylcholinesterase target site for malaria mosquito control. | current anticholinesterase pesticides were developed during world war ii and are toxic to mammals because they target a catalytic serine residue of acetylcholinesterases (aches) in insects and in mammals. a sequence analysis of aches from 73 species and a three-dimensional model of a malaria-carrying mosquito (anopheles gambiae) ache (agache) reported here show that c286 and r339 of agache are conserved at the opening of the active site of aches in 17 invertebrate and four insect species, respec ... | 2006 | 17183688 |
| feeding and indoor resting behaviour of the mosquito anopheles longipalpis in an area of hyperendemic malaria transmission in southern zambia. | anopheles longipalpis (theobald) (diptera: culicidae) is a predominantly zoophilic mosquito that has not been implicated in malaria transmission. however, this species was collected indoors with an. funestus s.l. in southern zambia, where transmission of plasmodium falciparum is hyperendemic, and we initially misidentified it morphologically and molecularly as an. funestus s.l. the indoor resting density and blood-feeding behaviour of an. longipalpis were investigated during the 2004-05 and 2005 ... | 2006 | 17199758 |
| [presence and risk of transmission of wuchereria bancrofti is a reality in rural mali: the case of the town of bariambani in the cirle of kati]. | previous studies on lymphatic filariasis in mali showed high infection rate in rural area. this study was aimed to find wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria in human peripheral blood and larvae in vectors. for that purpose we carried out an entomological, clinical and parasitological study in banambani a village located at 25 km from bamako the capital city. the parasitological and clinical study was a single cross sectional study including night blood thick smear and physical examination. the ento ... | 2006 | 17390523 |
| malaria vectors in angola: distribution of species and molecular forms of the anopheles gambiae complex, their pyrethroid insecticide knockdown resistance (kdr) status and plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates. | malaria is by far the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality in angola, being responsible for 50% of all outpatient attendance and around 22% of all hospital deaths, yet by 2003 only 2% of under-5s used insecticide-treated nets. entomological studies are an essential foundation for rational malaria control using insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying, but there have been no published studies of malaria vectors in angola over the 27 years of the civil war, to its end in 2002. th ... | 2006 | 16420701 |
| impact of different strategies to control plasmodium infection and anaemia on the island of bioko (equatorial guinea). | on the island of bioko (equatorial guinea), insecticide-treated nets (itns) have been the main tool used to control malaria over the last 13 years. in 2004, started an indoor residual spraying (irs) campaign to control malaria. the purpose of this study is to asses the impact of the two control strategies on the island of bioko (equatorial guinea), with regards to plasmodium infection and anaemia in the children under five years of age. | 2006 | 16460558 |
| population structure of the malaria vector anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae) in madagascar and comoros. | microsatellites were used as markers for a study of the population structure of anopheles funestus on madagascar and comoros. mosquitoes were collected in four different localities on madagascar and one on comoros. there was a significant genetic differentiation between all samples from madagascar and that from comoros (p<0.05). with respect to the madagascar mosquito samples, it was found that there were no significant genetic differences between samples that were collected at the east coast, a ... | 2006 | 16464433 |
| personal protection of long lasting insecticide-treated nets in areas of anopheles gambiae s.s. resistance to pyrethroids. | the development of mosquito nets pre-treated with insecticide, long lasting impregnated nets (llins) that last the life span of the net, is a solution to the difficulty of the re-impregnation of conventional nets. even if they showed a good efficacy in control conditions, their efficacy in the field, particularly in areas with resistance of anopheles gambiae to pyrethroids, is not well documented. this study compares wide (olyset) and small (permanet) mesh llins in field conditions, using entomo ... | 2006 | 16472385 |
| analysis of the complete mitochondrial dna from anopheles funestus: an improved dipteran mitochondrial genome annotation and a temporal dimension of mosquito evolution. | virtually no information regarding timing of deep lineage divergences within mosquito family (culicidae) exists, which poses an important problem in the postgenomic era. to address this issue, the complete 15,354 bp mitochondrial genome of anopheles funestus was assembled from both mtdna and cdna sequences generated from transcripts of the mtdna-encoded protein and rrna genes. analysis of the transcript information allowed an improved genome annotation, revealing that the translation initiation ... | 2006 | 16473530 |
| landscape determinants and remote sensing of anopheline mosquito larval habitats in the western kenya highlands. | in the past two decades the east african highlands have experienced several major malaria epidemics. currently there is a renewed interest in exploring the possibility of anopheline larval control through environmental management or larvicide as an additional means of reducing malaria transmission in africa. this study examined the landscape determinants of anopheline mosquito larval habitats and usefulness of remote sensing in identifying these habitats in western kenya highlands. | 2006 | 16480523 |
| biting behavior and plasmodium infection rates of anopheles arabiensis from sille, ethiopia. | the man-biting behavior and plasmodium infection rates of anopheline mosquitoes were investigated in sille, a hyperendemic malarious area in southern ethiopia. seven anopheles species were identified from all night landing collections, conducted from 18:00 to 06:00h between october 2001 and august 2002. the predominant species was anopheles arabiensis (55.8%), followed by anopheles coustani (31.5%), anopheles pharoensis (9.5%), anopheles funestus (2.2%), anopheles nili (0.5%), anopheles marshall ... | 2006 | 16171769 |
| imbalanced distribution of plasmodium falciparum eba-175 genotypes related to clinical status in children from bakoumba, gabon. | the erythrocyte binding antigen 175 kda (eba-175) of plasmodium falciparum is one of the major ligands for red blood cell invasion by merozoites. eba-175 is a dimorphic antigen but the role that dimorphism plays in host parasite interaction is not fully understood. in this study, we sought to determine the distribution of eba-175 genotypes and its pathogenetic influence. | 2006 | 16595788 |
| superior reproductive success on human blood without sugar is not limited to highly anthropophilic mosquito species. | anthropophilic mosquitoes such as aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) have been shown to have superior reproductive success on human blood when sugar is not available. life-table experiments were conducted with aedes albopictus skuse and ae. aegypti to compare the effects of sugar availability on age-specific survivorship, lifetime and daily fecundity, and blood-feeding frequency when offered human blood daily. there were no significant interactions between the effects of sugar availability an ... | 2006 | 16608490 |
| insecticide resistance in anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae) from mozambique. | malaria control in southern mozambique is currently by indoor residual carbamate insecticide treatment, with pyrethroid-treated bed-nets distributed to pregnant women and children under five in northern mozambique. the susceptibility of anopheles funestus s.s. to pyrethroid, carbamate, organochlorine, and organophosphorus insecticides was determined by world health organization adult mosquito susceptibility tests at 19 localities in mozambique, from march 2000 to july 2002. biochemical assays we ... | 2006 | 16619610 |
| divergence with gene flow in anopheles funestus from the sudan savanna of burkina faso, west africa. | anopheles funestus is a major vector of malaria across africa. understanding its complex and nonequilibrium population genetic structure is an important challenge that must be overcome before vector populations can be successfully perturbed for malaria control. here we examine the role of chromosomal inversions in structuring genetic variation and facilitating divergence in burkina faso, west africa, where two incipient species (chromosomal forms) of a. funestus, defined principally by rearrange ... | 2006 | 16648581 |
| adipokinetic hormones in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae: identification and expression of genes for two peptides and a putative receptor. | adipokinetic hormones (akhs) are neuropeptides that mobilize stored fuels for flight in insects, and thus, may regulate flight by mosquitoes that transmit pathogens of human diseases. our study of akhs in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, identified and characterized the expression of genes encoding two akhs, anoga-akh-i (pqlftpawa) and anoga-akh-ii (pqvtfsrdwnaa), and a putative homolog for an akh g-protein coupled receptor. gene transcripts for both anoga-akhs and the akh recept ... | 2006 | 16731343 |
| a simple method for sampling indoor-resting malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae) in africa. | sampling indoor resting african malaria vectors is traditionally done by hand catches with oral or mechanical aspirators and pyrethrum spray catches (pscs). in this study, we designed and briefly evaluated an inexpensive but practical alternative by using a cloth resting box or wicker resting basket and a ceiling net. evaluations were performed in greenhouse and field situations in rural kenya by comparing capture rates of anopheles gambiae s.l. and anopheles funestus (giles) in these traps to h ... | 2006 | 16739403 |
| long-term evolution and functional diversification in the members of the nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin family of nuclear chaperones. | the proper assembly of basic proteins with nucleic acids is a reaction that must be facilitated to prevent protein aggregation and formation of nonspecific nucleoprotein complexes. the proteins that mediate this orderly protein assembly are generally termed molecular (or nuclear) chaperones. the nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin (npm) family of molecular chaperones encompasses members ubiquitously expressed in many somatic tissues (npm1 and -3) or specific to oocytes and eggs (npm2). the study of this ... | 2006 | 16751661 |
| status of insecticide susceptibility in anopheles arabiensis from mwea rice irrigation scheme, central kenya. | control of the anopheline mosquito vectors of malaria by use of insecticides has been shown to impact on both morbidity and mortality due to this disease. evidence of insecticide resistance in different settings necessitates surveillance studies to allow prompt detection of resistance should it arise and thus enable its management. possible resistance by anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes from mwea rice irrigation scheme in central kenya to insecticides in the four classes of insecticides approved ... | 2006 | 16756645 |
| moderate transmission but high prevalence of malaria in madagascar. | malaria transmission remains poorly documented in areas of low transmission. a study has been carried out over two consecutive years in analamiranga, a village located at an altitude of 885m on the western edge of the malagasy highlands, with the aim of generating and updating malariometric indexes for both mosquitoes and schoolchildren. in this village, no vector control measures were performed during the study period nor during previous decades. mosquitoes were collected monthly when landing o ... | 2006 | 16842796 |
| mosquito species diversity and abundance in relation to land use in a riceland agroecosystem in mwea, kenya. | we conducted an entomological survey to determine the mosquito species diversity and abundance in relation to land use in the mwea rice scheme, kenya. adult mosquitoes were collected by indoor spraying of houses and outdoors by cdc light traps in three villages representing planned (mbuinjeru) and unplanned (kiamachiri) rice agroecosystems and a non-irrigated agroecosystem (murinduko). during the 12-month sampling period, a total of 98,708 mosquitoes belonging to five genera and 25 species were ... | 2006 | 16859101 |
| a reliable morphological method to assess the age of male anopheles gambiae. | release of genetically-modified (gm) or sterile male mosquitoes for malaria control is hampered by inability to assess the age and mating history of free-living male anopheles. | 2006 | 16872516 |
| dna profiling of human blood in anophelines from lowland and highland sites in western kenya. | we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based dna profiling to determine the person from whom anopheles funestus and an. gambiae collected in natural human habitations obtained their blood meals. less than 20% of human hosts contributed to > 50% of all blood meals, and 42% were not bitten at all, including people in the age group bitten most often. as expected, bites were unevenly distributed by age (young adults > older adults > children). use of untreated bed nets by adults, but not children, ... | 2006 | 16896124 |
| limited diversity of anopheles darlingi in the peruvian amazon region of iquitos. | anopheles darlingi is the most important malaria vector in the amazon basin of south america, and is capable of transmitting both plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. to understand the genetic structure of this vector in the amazonian region of peru, a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based test to identify this species of mosquito was used. a random amplified polymorphic dna-pcr was used to study genetic variation at the micro-geographic level in nine geographically separate populations of ... | 2006 | 16896125 |
| p elements and mite relatives in the whole genome sequence of anopheles gambiae. | miniature inverted-repeat terminal elements (mites), which are particular class-ii transposable elements (tes), play an important role in genome evolution, because they have very high copy numbers and display recurrent bursts of transposition. the 5' and 3' subterminal regions of a given mite family often show a high sequence similarity with the corresponding regions of an autonomous class-ii te family. however, the sustained presence over a prolonged evolutionary time of mites and te master cop ... | 2006 | 16919158 |
| molecular characterization of insulin-like peptides in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti: expression, cellular localization, and phylogeny. | insulin-like peptides are key regulators of metabolism, reproduction, and senescence in higher eukaryotic organisms. here we present the identification, expression, and tissue localization of eight genes encoding insulin-like peptides (ilps) in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. all eight ilps share the conserved features of the insulin superfamily as prepropeptides consisting of contiguous signal, b, c, and a peptides. however, one of the ilps has a truncated c peptide and a carboxy term ... | 2006 | 16934367 |
| efficacy of bifenthrin-impregnated bednets against anopheles funestus and pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae in north cameroon. | recent field studies indicated that insecticide-treated bednets (itns) maintain their efficacy despite a high frequency of the knock-down resistance (kdr) gene in anopheles gambiae populations. it was essential to evaluate itns efficacy in areas with metabolic-based resistance. | 2006 | 16961938 |
| o'nyong-nyong virus, chad. | we report the first laboratory-confirmed human infection with o'nyong-nyong virus in chad. this virus was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with evidence of a seroconversion to a virus related to chikungunya virus. genome sequence was partly determined, and phylogenetic studies were conducted. | 2006 | 16965706 |
| relationship between malaria and filariasis transmission indices in an endemic area along the kenyan coast. | an entomological survey was conducted to determine the relationship between malaria and lymphatic filariasis transmission by anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. funestus in two inland villages along the kenyan coast. | 2006 | 16967820 |
| elisa study of oocyst-sporozoite transition in malaria vectors. | intrinsic vector characteristics and environmental factors affect the sporogonic development of p. falciparum in anopheles mosquitoes. we tested for the presence of the circumsporozoite protein, as a marker of the oocyst to sporozoite transition in naturally infected anopheles gambiae s.l. and anopheles funestus. malaria vectors were collected in a village in the sahel of niger during the rainy and dry seasons. elisa-csp was carried out on abdomen and head/thorax portions from more than 2000 sam ... | 2006 | 17007219 |
| is vector body size the key to reduced malaria transmission in the irrigated region of niono, mali? | malaria vectors can reach very high densities in villages near irrigated rice fields in africa, leading to the expectation that malaria should be especially prevalent there. surprisingly, this is not always the case. in niono, mali, villages from nonirrigated areas have higher malaria prevalence than those within the irrigated regions, which suffer from higher mosquito numbers. one hypothesis explaining this observation is that mosquitoes from irrigated fields with high densities are inefficient ... | 2006 | 17017214 |
| a standard cytogenetic photomap for the mosquito anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae): application for physical mapping. | to facilitate physical genome mapping, we have developed a new cytogenetic photomap for anopheles stephensi (liston) (diptera: culicidae), an important malaria vector in asia. the high-resolution images of the ovarian polytene chromosomes have been straightened and divided by numbered divisions and lettered subdivisions. the exact chromosomal locations of eight dna probes have been determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization. using the dna sequences, we have established correspondence betwee ... | 2006 | 17017220 |
| malaria transmission and insecticide resistance of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) in the french military camp of port-bouët, abidjan (côte d'ivoire): implications for vector control. | an important vector control program is ongoing to lower the risk of malaria transmission in the french military camp of port-bouët, abidjan (côte d'ivoire). however, some autochthonous malaria cases are regularly suspected. an entomological survey was conducted in june 2004 in the camp to assess malaria transmission and evaluate the pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance of the malaria vectors. the average mosquito biting rate was 178.0 bites per person per night. mosquitoes belonging to the ... | 2006 | 17017249 |
| daily temperature profiles in and around western kenyan larval habitats of anopheles gambiae as related to egg mortality. | anopheles gambiae eggs are more frequently found on soil around puddle habitats of the larvae, than on the water surface itself in western kenya. thus, eggs can experience temperatures more wide-ranging and lethal than those experienced by larvae or pupae confined within puddles. | 2006 | 17038186 |
| laboratory tests of oviposition by the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, on dark soil as influenced by presence or absence of vegetation. | physical objects like vegetation can influence oviposition by mosquitoes on soil or water substrates. anopheles gambiae s. l. is generally thought to utilize puddles over bare soil as its prime larval habitat and to avoid standing water populated with vegetation. in kisian, kenya near kisumu, water often pools in grassy drainage areas both during and after periods of infrequent rains, when typical puddle habitats become scarce because of drying. this raised the question of whether an. gambiae ha ... | 2006 | 17038187 |
| spatial and temporal variation in malaria transmission in a low endemicity area in northern tanzania. | spatial and longitudinal monitoring of transmission intensity will allow better targeting of malaria interventions. in this study, data on meteorological, demographic, entomological and parasitological data over the course of a year was collected to describe malaria epidemiology in a single village of low transmission intensity. | 2006 | 17081311 |
| seroprevalence of malaria in inhabitants of the urban zone of antananarivo, madagascar. | antananarivo, the capital of madagascar, is located at an altitude of over 1,200 m. the environment at this altitude is not particularly favourable to malaria transmission, but malaria nonetheless remains a major public health problem. the aim of this study was to evaluate exposure to malaria in the urban population of antananarivo, by measuring the specific seroprevalence of plasmodium falciparum. | 2006 | 17096830 |
| topography and malaria transmission heterogeneity in western kenya highlands: prospects for focal vector control. | recent resurgence of malaria in the highlands of western kenya has called for a more comprehensive understanding of the previously neglected complex highland vector ecology. besides other drivers of malaria epidemiology, topography is likely to have a major effect on spatial vector and parasite distribution. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of topography on malaria spatial vector distribution and parasite prevalence. | 2006 | 17096835 |
| survival of immature anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) in aquatic habitats in mwea rice irrigation scheme, central kenya. | the survivorship and distribution of anopheles arabiensis larvae and pupae was examined in a rice agro-ecosystem in mwea irrigation scheme, central kenya, from august 2005 to april 2006, prior to implementation of larval control programme. | 2006 | 17125501 |
| effective population size of anopheles funestus chromosomal forms in burkina faso. | as anopheles funestus is one of the principal afro-tropical malaria vectors, a more complete understanding of its population structure is desirable. in west and central africa, an. funestus population structure is complicated by the coexistence of two assortatively mating chromosomal forms. effective population size (ne) is a key parameter in understanding patterns and levels of intraspecific variation, as it reflects the role of genetic drift. here, ne was estimated from both chromosomal forms, ... | 2006 | 17125511 |
| differential induction of proteins in anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (diptera: cullicidae) larvae in response to heavy metal selection. | investigations were conducted to establish the magnitude and pattern of differential expression of proteins due to generational selection of third instar an. gambiae s.s. larvae by cadmium, copper and lead heavy metals, three possible common urban pollutants.a susceptible strain of an. gambiae s.s. third instar larvae was separately placed under selection pressure with cadmium, copper and lead at lc(30) and controls through five generations. first, third and fifth generation selection survivors ... | 2006 | 20651951 |
| comparison of coverage with insecticide-treated nets in a tanzanian town and villages where nets and insecticide are either marketed or provided free of charge. | there is much emphasis on social marketing as a means of scaling up coverage with insecticide-treated nets and the question has arisen whether nets provided free-of-charge will be looked after by householders. | 2006 | 16712738 |
| malaria risk and temperature: influences from global climate change and local land use practices. | 2006 | 16595623 | |
| diversity and utilization of antimalarial ethnophytotherapeutic remedies among the kikuyus (central kenya). | plants in kenya are becoming increasingly important as sources of traditional medicines. the world health organization (who) has estimated that malaria kills about 2.7 million people every year, 90% of who are from africa. malaria continues to be a national concern in kenya as it plays a major role in the high mortality rates being experienced currently. the use and mis-use of chloroquine to prevent and treat falciparium malaria has led to widespread appearance of chloroquine resistant parasites ... | 2006 | 16451716 |
| malaria hotspot areas in a highland kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors. | malaria epidemics in highland areas of east africa have caused considerable morbidity and mortality in the past two decades. knowledge of "hotspot" areas of high malaria incidence would allow for focused preventive interventions in resource-poor areas, particularly if the hotspot areas can be discerned during non-epidemic periods and predicted by ecological factors. | 2006 | 16970824 |
| overlapping functions of argonaute proteins in patterning and morphogenesis of drosophila embryos. | argonaute proteins are essential components of the molecular machinery that drives rna silencing. in drosophila, different members of the argonaute family of proteins have been assigned to distinct rna silencing pathways. while ago1 is required for microrna function, ago2 is a crucial component of the rna-induced silencing complex in sirna-triggered rna interference. drosophila ago2 contains an unusual amino-terminus with two types of imperfect glutamine-rich repeats (grrs) of unknown function. ... | 2006 | 16934003 |
| improved repeat identification and masking in dipterans. | repetitive sequences are a major constituent of many eukaryote genomes and play roles in gene regulation, chromosome inheritance, nuclear architecture, and genome stability. the identification of repetitive elements has traditionally relied on in-depth, manual curation and computational determination of close relatives based on dna identity. however, the rapid divergence of repetitive sequence has made identification of repeats by dna identity difficult even in closely related species. hence, th ... | 2006 | 17137733 |
| insights into the evolution of the erbb receptor family and their ligands from sequence analysis. | in the time since we presented the first molecular evolutionary study of the erbb family of receptors and the egf family of ligands, there has been a dramatic increase in genomic sequences available. we have utilized this greatly expanded data set in this study of the erbb family of receptors and their ligands. | 2006 | 17026767 |
| ecologists can enable communities to implement malaria vector control in africa. | integrated vector management (ivm) for malaria control requires ecological skills that are very scarce and rarely applied in africa today. partnerships between communities and academic ecologists can address this capacity deficit, modernize the evidence base for such approaches and enable future scale up. | 2006 | 16457724 |
| participatory mapping of target areas to enable operational larval source management to suppress malaria vector mosquitoes in dar es salaam, tanzania. | half of the population of africa will soon live in towns and cities where it can be protected from malaria by controlling aquatic stages of mosquitoes. rigorous but affordable and scaleable methods for mapping and managing mosquito habitats are required to enable effective larval control in urban africa. | 2007 | 17784963 |
| the juan non-ltr retrotransposon in mosquitoes: genomic impact, vertical transmission and indications of recent and widespread activity. | in contrast to dna-mediated transposable elements (tes), retrotransposons, particularly non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons (non-ltrs), are generally considered to have a much lower propensity towards horizontal transfer. detailed studies on site-specific non-ltr families have demonstrated strict vertical transmission. more studies are needed with non-site-specific non-ltr families to determine whether strict vertical transmission is a phenomenon related to site specificity or a more gener ... | 2007 | 17620143 |
| apolipocrustacein, formerly vitellogenin, is the major egg yolk precursor protein in decapod crustaceans and is homologous to insect apolipophorin ii/i and vertebrate apolipoprotein b. | in animals, the biogenesis of some lipoprotein classes requires members of the ancient large lipid transfer protein (lltp) superfamily, including the cytosolic large subunit of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (mtp), vertebrate apolipoprotein b (apob), vitellogenin (vtg), and insect apolipophorin ii/i precursor (apolp-ii/i). in most oviparous species, vtg, a large glycolipoprotein, is the main egg yolk precursor protein. | 2007 | 17241455 |
| assessing malaria control in the kassena-nankana district of northern ghana through repeated surveys using the rbm tools. | the goal of roll back malaria (rbm) is to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality by 50% by the year 2010, and still further thereafter until the disease becomes no more a threat to public health. to contribute to the monitoring and evaluation process of this goal, two surveys were carried out in 2000 and 2003 in households and health facilities in the kassena-nankana district, northern ghana using the rbm-who/afro monitoring and evaluation tools for malaria control activities. | 2007 | 17683584 |
| severe falciparum malaria in young children of the kassena-nankana district of northern ghana. | severe falciparum malaria in children was studied as part of the characterization of the kassena-nankana district ghana for future malaria vaccine trials. children aged 6-59 months with diagnosis suggestive of acute disease were characterized using the standard who definition for severe malaria. | 2007 | 17662142 |
| end-sequencing and characterization of silkworm (bombyx mori) bacterial artificial chromosome libraries. | we performed large-scale bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) end-sequencing of two bac libraries (an ecori- and a bamhi-digested library) and conducted an in silico analysis to characterize the obtained sequence data, to make them a useful resource for genomic research on the silkworm (bombyx mori). | 2007 | 17822570 |
| cr1 clade of non-ltr retrotransposons from maculinea butterflies (lepidoptera: lycaenidae): evidence for recent horizontal transmission. | non-long terminal repeat (non-ltr) retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that propagate themselves by reverse transcription of an rna intermediate. non-ltr retrotransposons are known to evolve mainly via vertical transmission and random loss. horizontal transmission is believed to be a very rare event in non-ltr retrotransposons. our knowledge of distribution and diversity of insect non-ltr retrotransposons is limited to a few species - mainly model organisms such as dipteran genera droso ... | 2007 | 17588269 |
| randomized clinical trial of artemisinin versus non-artemisinin combination therapy for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in madagascar. | data concerning antimalarial combination treatment for uncomplicated malaria in madagascar are largely lacking. randomized clinical trial was designed to assess therapeutic efficacies of chloroquine (cq), amodiaquine (aq), sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp), amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine combination (aq+sp) and artesunate plus amodiaquine combination (aq+as). | 2007 | 17519010 |
| neuropeptide precursors in tribolium castaneum. | neuropeptides and neurohormones are among the more diverse and functionally important classes of cell-to-cell signaling molecules involved in animal development and behavior. less is known about the hormones and neuropeptides of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, than many other insects. however, the genomic information becoming available from this organism presents an opportunity to identify multiple neuropeptide and hormone genes, and hence their associated protein precursors. using si ... | 2007 | 17537543 |
| an exploratory study of community factors relevant for participatory malaria control on rusinga island, western kenya. | capacity strengthening of rural communities, and the various actors that support them, is needed to enable them to lead their own malaria control programmes. here the existing capacity of a rural community in western kenya was evaluated in preparation for a larger intervention. | 2007 | 17456231 |
| evaluation of two formulations of adjuvanted rts, s malaria vaccine in children aged 3 to 5 years living in a malaria-endemic region of mozambique: a phase i/iib randomized double-blind bridging trial. | previous trials of the rts, s malaria candidate vaccine have shown that this vaccine is safe, tolerated and immunogenic. the development plan for this vaccine aims at administering it in the first year of life through the expanded program on immunization (epi). the objective was to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity of rts, s/as02d (0.5 ml dose), a pediatric formulation of glaxosmithkline biologicals' current malaria candidate vaccine rts, s/as02a (0.25 ml dose). a 0.5 ml dose of as02d is co ... | 2007 | 17386091 |
| diversity of preferred nucleotide sequences around the translation initiation codon in eukaryote genomes. | understanding regulatory mechanisms of protein synthesis in eukaryotes is essential for the accurate annotation of genome sequences. kozak reported that the nucleotide sequence gccgcc(a/g)ccaugg (aug is the initiation codon) was frequently observed in vertebrate genes and that this 'consensus' sequence enhanced translation initiation. however, later studies using invertebrate, fungal and plant genes reported different 'consensus' sequences. in this study, we conducted extensive comparative analy ... | 2007 | 18086709 |
| cost-sharing strategies combining targeted public subsidies with private-sector delivery achieve high bednet coverage and reduced malaria transmission in kilombero valley, southern tanzania. | cost-sharing schemes incorporating modest targeted subsidies have promoted insecticide-treated nets (itns) for malaria prevention in the kilombero valley, southern tanzania, since 1996. here we evaluate resulting changes in bednet coverage and malaria transmission. | 2007 | 17961211 |
| varying efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants in two similar trials: public health implications. | intermittent preventive treatment (ipti) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) in infants resulted in different estimates of clinical malaria protection in two trials that used the same protocol in ifakara, tanzania, and manhiça, mozambique. understanding the reasons for the discrepant results will help to elucidate the action mechanism of this intervention, which is essential for rational policy formulation. | 2007 | 17897454 |
| tissue and life stage specificity of glutathione s-transferase expression in the hessian fly, mayetiola destructor: implications for resistance to host allelochemicals. | two new delta and sigma glutathione s-transferases (gsts) in the hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (diptera: cecidomyiidae), were characterized and transcription profiles described. the deduced amino acid sequences for the two m. destructor delta gsts (mdesgst-1 and mdesgst-3) showed high similarity with other insect delta gsts including the conserved catalytic serine residue. the deduced amino acid sequence for the m. destructor sigma gst (mdesgst-2) showed high similarity with other insect sig ... | 2007 | 20307234 |
| the antennal lobe of the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae - innervation and three-dimensional reconstruction. | antibody labelling and subsequent three-dimensional reconstructions of the primary olfactory centres, the antennal lobes, of male and female african malaria mosquitoes, anopheles gambiae, revealed 61 and 60 glomerular neuropils respectively. in addition to the small difference in number of glomeruli, sexual dimorphism was observed in both the size of the antennal lobe and of individual glomeruli. furthermore, sexual specificity was observed within the array. anterograde staining of afferents fro ... | 2007 | 18089085 |
| an insight into the sialome of the blood-sucking bug triatoma infestans, a vector of chagas' disease. | triatoma infestans is a hemiptera, vector of chagas' disease that feeds exclusively on vertebrate blood in all life stages. hematophagous insects' salivary glands (sg) produce potent pharmacological compounds that counteract host hemostasis, including anticlotting, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory molecules. to obtain a further insight into the salivary biochemical and pharmacological complexity of this insect, a cdna library from its sg was randomly sequenced. also, salivary proteins were submitt ... | 2007 | 18207082 |
| gene analogue finder: a grid solution for finding functionally analogous gene products. | to date more than 2,1 million gene products from more than 100000 different species have been described specifying their function, the processes they are involved in and their cellular localization using a very well defined and structured vocabulary, the gene ontology (go). such vast, well defined knowledge opens the possibility of compare gene products at the level of functionality, finding gene products which have a similar function or are involved in similar biological processes without relyi ... | 2007 | 17767718 |
| life on the edge: african malaria mosquito (anopheles gambiae s. l.) larvae are amphibious. | anopheles gambiae s.l. is the main vector of malaria in sub-saharan africa. here, an estimated 1 million people die every year from this disease. despite considerable research on an. gambiae that increasingly explores sub-organismal phenomena, important facets of the field biology of this deadly insect are yet being discovered. in the current study, we used simple observational tools to reveal that the habitat of larval an. gambiae is not limited within the boundaries of temporary mud puddles, a ... | 2007 | 17139499 |
| characterization and expression of the short neuropeptide f receptor in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | a short neuropeptide f (snpf) precursor and a snpf receptor (snpfr) were characterized for the mosquito, anopheles gambiae. the snpfr was expressed in cho-k1 cells, and it exhibited high affinity binding, ic(50) approximately 3-5 nm, for specific snpfs. snpf1 potently inhibited forskolin-stimulated camp production by transfected cells, suggesting snpfr acts via g(i/o). transcripts for snpf and snpfr were present in all body regions of larvae, pupae, and adults, and immunoblots for snpfr confirme ... | 2007 | 17140700 |
| the insulin signaling cascade from nematodes to mammals: insights into innate immunity of anopheles mosquitoes to malaria parasite infection. | as revealed over the past 20 years, the insulin signaling cascade plays a central role in regulating immune and oxidative stress responses that affect the life spans of mammals and two model invertebrates, the nematode caenorhabitis elegans and the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. in mosquitoes, insulin signaling regulates key steps in egg maturation and immunity and likely affects aging, although the latter has yet to be examined in detail. reproduction, immunity and aging critically influenc ... | 2007 | 17161866 |
| synergy between repellents and non-pyrethroid insecticides strongly extends the efficacy of treated nets against anopheles gambiae. | to manage the kdr pyrethroid-resistance in anopheline malaria vectors, new compounds or new strategies are urgently needed. recently, mixing repellents (deet) and a non-pyrethroid insecticide (propoxur) was shown to be as effective as deltamethrin, a standard pyrethroid, under laboratory conditions, because of a strong synergy between the two compounds. in the present study, the interactions between two repellents (deet and kbr 3023) and a non-pyrethroid insecticide (pyrimiphos methyl or pm) on ... | 2007 | 17394646 |
| larval habitats of anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) influences vector competence to plasmodium falciparum parasites. | the origin of highly competent malaria vectors has been linked to productive larval habitats in the field, but there isn't solid quantitative or qualitative data to support it. to test this, the effect of larval habitat soil substrates on larval development time, pupation rates and vector competence of anopheles gambiae to plasmodium falciparum were examined. | 2007 | 17470293 |
| population genetic structure of plasmodium falciparum in the two main african vectors, anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. | we investigated patterns of genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum associated with its two main african vectors: anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. we dissected 10,296 wild-caught mosquitoes from three tropical sites, two in cameroon (simbock and tibati, separated by 320 km) and one in kenya (rota, >2,000 km from the other two sites). we assayed seven microsatellite loci in 746 oocysts from 183 infected mosquito guts. genetic polymorphism was very high in parasites isolated from both ... | 2007 | 17470800 |
| malaria vector control by indoor residual insecticide spraying on the tropical island of bioko, equatorial guinea. | a comprehensive malaria control intervention was initiated in february 2004 on bioko island, equatorial guinea. this manuscript reports on the continuous entomological monitoring of the indoor residual spray (irs) programme during the first two years of its implementation. | 2007 | 17474975 |
| genomic and evolutionary analyses of tango transposons in aedes aegypti, anopheles gambiae and other mosquito species. | tango is a transposon of the tc1 family and was originally discovered in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. here we report a systematic analysis of the genome sequence of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, which uncovered three distinct tango transposons. we name the only an. gambiae tango transposon agtango1 and the three ae. aegypti tango elements aetango1-3. like agtango1, aetango1 and aetango2 elements both have members that retain characteristics of autonomous elements ... | 2007 | 17506852 |
| estimating dispersal and survival of anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus along the kenyan coast by using mark-release-recapture methods. | mark-release-recapture (mrr) experiments were conducted with emerging anopheles gambiae s.l. and anophelesfunestus giles at jaribuni and mtepeni in kilifi, along the kenyan coast. of 739 and 1246 anopheles released at jaribuni and mtepeni, 24.6 and 4.33% were recaptured, respectively. the daily survival probability was 0.96 for an. funestus and 0.95 for an. gambiae in jaribuni and 0.83 and 0.95, respectively, in mtepeni. the maximum flight distance recorded was 661 m. the high survival probabili ... | 2007 | 18047189 |
| anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae) in a humid savannah area of western burkina faso: bionomics, insecticide resistance status, and role in malaria transmission. | an entomological survey was carried out in three humid savannah sites of western burkina faso (bama, lena, and soumousso) to (1) update the taxonomy of the anopheles funestus giles group, (2) examine the role of each species in malaria transmission, (3) characterize the insecticide resistance status of this malaria vector, and (4) determine the distribution of an. funestus chromosomal forms in these areas. polymerase chain reaction identification of the members showed the occurrence of an. leeso ... | 2007 | 18047197 |
| contributions of different mosquito species to the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in central nigeria: implications for monitoring infection by pcr in mosquito pools. | members of the anopheles gambiae complex are important vectors of lymphatic filariasis (lf) in sub-saharan africa, but little is known about the relative contributions of all mosquitoes to lymphatic filariasis transmission in this area. | 2007 | 18047673 |
| spatial targeted vector control in the highlands of burundi and its impact on malaria transmission. | prevention of malaria epidemics is a priority for african countries. the 2000 malaria epidemic in burundi prompted the government to implement measures for preventing future outbreaks. case management with artemisinin-based combination therapy and malaria surveillance were nationally improved. a vector control programme was initiated in one of the most affected highland provinces. the focal distribution of malaria vectors in the highlands was the starting point for designing a targeted vector co ... | 2007 | 18053166 |
| does the spillage of petroleum products in anopheles breeding sites have an impact on the pyrethroid resistance? | the emergence of anopheles populations capable of withstanding lethal doses of insecticides has weakened the efficacy of most insecticide based strategies of vector control and, has highlighted the need for further studies on the mechanisms of insecticide resistance and the various factors selecting resistant populations of mosquitoes. this research targeted the analysis of breeding sites and the oviposition behaviour of susceptible and resistant populations of anopheles in localities of spilled ... | 2007 | 18053173 |
| malaria incidence and efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment in infants (ipti). | intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment in infants (ipti) is currently evaluated as a malaria control strategy. among the factors influencing the extent of protection that is provided by ipti are the transmission intensity, seasonality, drug resistance patterns, and the schedule of ipti administrations. the aim of this study was to determine how far the protective efficacy of ipti depends on spatio-temporal variations of the prevailing incidence of malaria. | 2007 | 18067679 |
| rift valley fever outbreak with east-central african virus lineage in mauritania, 2003. | in october 2003, 9 human cases of hemorrhagic fever were reported in 3 provinces of mauritania, west africa. test results showed acute rift valley fever virus (rvfv) infection, and a field investigation found recent circulation of rvfv with a prevalence rate of 25.5% (25/98) and 4 deaths among the 25 laboratory-confirmed case-patients. immunoglobulin m against rvfv was found in 46% (25/54) of domestic animals. rvfv was also isolated from the mosquito species culex poicilipes. genetic comparison ... | 2007 | 18214173 |
| identification of four members of the anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae) group and their role in plasmodium falciparum transmission in bagamoyo coastal tanzania. | the role of anopheles funestus group in malaria transmission was investigated in bagamoyo coastal tanzania, in the process of characterizing the area as a malaria vaccine testing site. mosquitoes were sampled inside houses and multiplex pcr was used to identify 649 specimens. the following species were found: a. funestus s.s. (84.3%), a. leesoni (13.6%), a. rivulorum (1.5%) and a. parensis (0.6%). multiplex pcr of 147 blood-fed specimens showed that over half (57.1%) of the identifiable blood me ... | 2007 | 17537390 |
| evaluation of four sampling techniques for surveillance of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) and other mosquitoes in african rice agroecosystems. | field studies were conducted in a rice, oryza sativa l., agroecosystem in mwea kenya to compare the efficiency of co2-baited centers for disease control (cdc) light traps against nonbaited cdc light traps and gravid traps against oviposition traps in outdoor collection of culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) and other mosquitoes. collectively, 21 mosquito species from the genera culex, anopheles, mansonia, ficalbia, and aedes were captured during the 10-wk study period. cx. quinquefas ... | 2007 | 17547238 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the complete acetylcholinesterase gene (ace1) from the mosquito aedes aegypti with implications for comparative genome analysis. | insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ache) has been shown to be responsible for resistance to organophosphates and carbamates in a number of arthropod species. some arthropod genomes contain a single ace gene, while others including mosquitoes contain two genes, but only one confers insecticide resistance. here we report the isolation of the full-length cdna and characterization of the complete genomic dna sequence for the ace1 gene in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the ace1 homolog in o ... | 2007 | 17550823 |
| effect of meteorological factors on clinical malaria risk among children: an assessment using village-based meteorological stations and community-based parasitological survey. | temperature, rainfall and humidity have been widely associated with the dynamics of malaria vector population and, therefore, with spread of the disease. however, at the local scale, there is a lack of a systematic quantification of the effect of these factors on malaria transmission. further, most attempts to quantify this effect are based on proxy meteorological data acquired from satellites or interpolated from a different scale. this has led to controversies about the contribution of climate ... | 2007 | 17559638 |
| age-adjusted plasmodium falciparum antibody levels in school-aged children are a stable marker of microgeographical variations in exposure to plasmodium infection. | amongst school-aged children living in malaria endemic areas, chronic morbidity and exacerbation of morbidity associated with other infections are often not coincident with the presence or levels of plasmodium parasitaemia, but may result from long-term exposure to the parasite. studies of hepatosplenomegaly associated with schistosoma mansoni infection and exposure to plasmodium infection indicate that differences that occur over 1-2 km in levels of plasmodium transmission are related to the de ... | 2007 | 17603885 |
| interspecific variation in diving activity among anopheles gambiae giles, an. arabiensis patton, and an. funestus giles (diptera: culicidae) larvae. | anopheline larvae generally inhabit the near-surface of aquatic habitats, but they dive and remain at the bottom of these habitats for some time. this study examined forced and voluntary diving behavior and submergence tolerance in the three major african malaria vectors, anopheles gambiae giles, an. arabiensis patton, and an. funestus giles. the former two species occur sympatrically in temporal and shallow water bodies, while the latter occurs in permanent deeper water bodies. anopheles funest ... | 2007 | 17633431 |
| vector control in a malaria epidemic occurring within a complex emergency situation in burundi: a case study. | african highlands often suffer of devastating malaria epidemics, sometimes in conjunction with complex emergencies, making their control even more difficult. in 2000, burundian highlands experienced a large malaria outbreak at a time of civil unrest, constant insecurity and nutritional emergency. because of suspected high resistance to the first and second line treatments, the provincial health authority and médecins sans frontières (belgium) decided to implement vector control activities in an ... | 2007 | 17634116 |
| genetic variation of male reproductive success in a laboratory population of anopheles gambiae. | for anopheline mosquitoes, the vectors of human malaria, genetic variation in male reproductive success can have important consequences for any control strategy based on the release of transgenic or sterile males. | 2007 | 17663767 |
| feeding and resting behaviour of malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis with reference to zooprophylaxis. | the most important factor for effective zooprophylaxis in reducing malaria transmission is a predominant population of a strongly zoophilic mosquito, anopheles arabiensis. the feeding preference behaviour of anopheline mosquitoes was evaluated in odour-baited entry trap (obet). | 2007 | 17663787 |
| malaria mosquito control using edible fish in western kenya: preliminary findings of a controlled study. | biological control methods are once again being given much research focus for malaria vector control. this is largely due to the emerging threat of strong resistance to pesticides. larvivorous fish have been used for over 100 years in mosquito control and many species have proved effective. in the western kenyan highlands the larvivorous fish oreochromis niloticus l. (perciformes: cichlidae) (formerly tilapia nilotica) is commonly farmed and eaten but has not been previously tested in the field ... | 2007 | 17688686 |
| detection of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in anopheles gambiae: a comparison of two new high-throughput assays with existing methods. | knockdown resistance (kdr) is a well-characterized mechanism of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in many insect species and is caused by point mutations of the pyrethroid target site the para-type sodium channel. the presence of kdr mutations in anopheles gambiae, the most important malaria vector in africa, has been monitored using a variety of molecular techniques. however, there are few reports comparing the performance of these different assays. in this study, two new high-throughput as ... | 2007 | 17697325 |