| microdam impoundments provide suitable habitat for larvae of malaria vectors: an observational study in western kenya. | impoundments formed by microdams in rural areas of africa are important sources of water for people, but they provide potential larval habitats for anopheles (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes that are vectors of malaria. to study this association, the perimeters of 31 microdam impoundments in western kenya were sampled for anopheles larvae in three zones (patches of floating and emergent vegetation, shorelines of open water, and aggregations of cattle hoofprints) across dry and rainy seasons. of 3 ... | 2018 | 29462354 |
| evolutionary superscaffolding and chromosome anchoring to improve anopheles genome assemblies. | new sequencing technologies have lowered financial barriers to whole genome sequencing, but resulting assemblies are often fragmented and far from 'finished'. updating multi-scaffold drafts to chromosome-level status can be achieved through experimental mapping or re-sequencing efforts. avoiding the costs associated with such approaches, comparative genomic analysis of gene order conservation (synteny) to predict scaffold neighbours (adjacencies) offers a potentially useful complementary method ... | 2020 | 31898513 |
| protecting migratory farmers in rural tanzania using eave ribbons treated with the spatial mosquito repellent, transfluthrin. | many subsistence farmers in rural southeastern tanzania regularly relocate to distant farms in river valleys to tend to crops for several weeks or months each year. while there, they live in makeshift semi-open structures, usually far from organized health systems and where insecticide-treated nets (itns) do not provide adequate protection. this study evaluated the potential of a recently developed technology, eave ribbons treated with the spatial repellent transfluthrin, for protecting migrator ... | 2019 | 31823783 |
| mosquitoes as a feasible sentinel group for anti-malarial resistance surveillance by next generation sequencing of plasmodium falciparum. | plasmodium falciparum drug resistance surveillance is key to successful disease control and eradication. contemporary methods that only allow determination of prevalence of resistance are expensive, time consuming and require ethical considerations. a newer method involving next generation sequencing (ngs) permits obtaining frequency of resistance while allowing to detect minority variants in mixed infections. here, ngs was tested for p. falciparum resistance marker detection in mosquito samples ... | 2019 | 31623623 |
| cis-regulatory cyp6p9b p450 variants associated with loss of insecticide-treated bed net efficacy against anopheles funestus. | elucidating the genetic basis of metabolic resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors is crucial to prolonging the effectiveness of insecticide-based control tools including long lasting insecticidal nets (llins). here, we show that cis-regulatory variants of the cytochrome p450 gene, cyp6p9b, are associated with pyrethroid resistance in the african malaria vector anopheles funestus. a dna-based assay is designed to track this resistance that occurs near fixation in southern africa but not in ... | 2019 | 31604938 |
| bio-efficacy and wash resistance of magnet long-lasting insecticidal net against wild populations of anopheles funestus in experimental huts in muheza, tanzania. | the decline in malaria cases and vectors is major milestone in fighting against malaria. the efficacy of magnet long-lasting insecticidal nets (magnet llin), an alpha-cypermethrin incorporated long-lasting net, with the target dose ± 25% of 5.8 g active ingredient (ai)/kg (4.35-7.25 g ai/kg) was evaluated in six veranda-trap experimental huts in muheza, tanzania against freely flying wild population of anopheles funestus. | 2019 | 31570107 |
| using a miniaturized double-net trap (dn-mini) to assess relationships between indoor-outdoor biting preferences and physiological ages of two malaria vectors, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. | effective malaria surveillance requires detailed assessments of mosquitoes biting indoors, where interventions such as insecticide-treated nets work best, and outdoors, where other interventions may be required. such assessments often involve volunteers exposing their legs to attract mosquitoes [i.e., human landing catches (hlc)], a procedure with significant safety and ethical concerns. here, an exposure-free, miniaturized, double-net trap (dn-mini) is used to assess relationships between indoo ... | 2019 | 31438957 |
| a chromosome-scale assembly of the major african malaria vector anopheles funestus. | anopheles funestus is one of the 3 most consequential and widespread vectors of human malaria in tropical africa. however, the lack of a high-quality reference genome has hindered the association of phenotypic traits with their genetic basis in this important mosquito. | 2019 | 31157884 |
| investigation of the influence of a glutathione s-transferase metabolic resistance to pyrethroids/ddt on mating competitiveness in males of the african malaria vector, anopheles funestus. | background: metabolic resistance is a serious challenge to current insecticide-based interventions. the extent to which it affects natural populations of mosquitoes including their reproduction ability remains uncharacterised. here, we investigated the potential impact of the glutathione s-transferase l119f-gste2 resistance on the mating competitiveness of male anopheles funestus, in cameroon. methods: swarms and indoor resting collections took place in march, 2018 in tibati, cameroon. who tube ... | 2019 | 31069259 |
| a marker of glutathione s-transferase-mediated resistance to insecticides is associated with higher plasmodium infection in the african malaria vector anopheles funestus. | metabolic resistance to insecticides is threatening malaria control in africa. however, the extent to which it impacts malaria transmission remains unclear. here, we investigated the association between a marker of glutathione s-transferase mediated metabolic resistance and plasmodium infection in field population of anopheles funestus s.s. in comparison to the a296s-rdl target site mutation. the 119f-gste2 resistant allele was present in southern (obout) (56%) and central (mibellon) (25%) regio ... | 2019 | 30962458 |
| escalation of pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector anopheles funestus induces a loss of efficacy of piperonyl butoxide-based insecticide-treated nets in mozambique. | insecticide resistance poses a serious threat to insecticide-based interventions in africa. there is a fear that resistance escalation could jeopardize malaria control efforts. monitoring of cases of aggravation of resistance intensity and its impact on the efficacy of control tools is crucial to predict consequences of resistance. | 2019 | 30923819 |
| a cytochrome p450 allele confers pyrethroid resistance on a major african malaria vector, reducing insecticide-treated bednet efficacy. | metabolic resistance to insecticides such as pyrethroids in mosquito vectors threatens control of malaria in africa. unless it is managed, recent gains in reducing malaria transmission could be lost. to improve monitoring and assess the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria control interventions, we elucidated the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance in the major african malaria vector, anopheles funestus we showed that a single cytochrome p450 allele (cyp6p9a_r) in a. funestus reduced ... | 2019 | 30894503 |
| mosquito electrocuting traps for directly measuring biting rates and host-preferences of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus outdoors. | mosquito biting rates and host preferences are crucial determinants of human exposure to vector-borne diseases and the impact of vector control measures. the human landing catch (hlc) is a gold standard method for measuring human exposure to bites, but presents risks to participants by requiring some exposure to mosquito vectors. mosquito electrocuting traps (mets) represent an exposure-free alternative to hlcs for measuring human exposure to malaria vectors. however, original met prototypes wer ... | 2019 | 30885205 |
| exposure to the insecticide-treated bednet permanet 2.0 reduces the longevity of the wild african malaria vector anopheles funestus but gste2-resistant mosquitoes live longer. | despite the increased report of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors, its impact on mosquito's life-traits after exposure to insecticide-treated nets remains under investigated. here, we assessed the effects of exposure to permanet 2.0 on several life traits of an. gambiae s.l. and an. funestus s.l. field mosquitoes in cameroon. | 2019 | 30870507 |
| a previously unreported potential malaria vector in a dry ecology of kenya. | in kenya, malaria remains a major public health menace equally affecting the semi-arid to arid ecologies. however, entomologic knowledge of malaria vectors in such areas remains poor. | 2019 | 30744665 |
| population genetics of anopheles funestus, the african malaria vector, kenya. | anopheles funestus is among the major malaria vectors in kenya and sub-saharan africa and has been recently implicated in persistent malaria transmission. however, its ecology and genetic diversity remain poorly understood in kenya. | 2019 | 30621756 |
| fitness costs of the glutathione s-transferase epsilon 2 (l119f-gste2) mediated metabolic resistance to insecticides in the major african malaria vector anopheles funestus. | metabolic resistance to insecticides threatens malaria control. however, little is known about its fitness cost in field populations of malaria vectors, thus limiting the design of suitable resistance management strategies. here, we assessed the association between the glutathione s-transferase gste2-mediated metabolic resistance and life-traits of natural populations of anopheles funestus. a total of 1200 indoor resting blood-fed female an. funestus (f₀) were collected in mibellon, cameroon (20 ... | 2018 | 30572680 |
| molecular basis of permethrin and ddt resistance in an anopheles funestus population from benin. | insecticide resistance in anopheles mosquitoes is threatening the success of malaria control programmes. in order to implement suitable insecticide resistance management strategies, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms involved. to achieve this, the molecular basis of permethrin and ddt resistance in the principal malaria vector, anopheles funestus from inland benin (kpome), was investigated. | 2018 | 30458849 |
| evidence of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and bendiocarb in anopheles funestus from tsararano, marovoay district, madagascar. | in madagascar, malaria control relies on the countrywide use of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets (llins) and on indoor residual spraying (irs) in the central highland area as well as a small area on the eastern coast. we tested insecticide resistance mechanisms of anopheles funestus from tsararano, a malaria endemic village in the coastal health district of marovoay. | 2018 | 30402485 |
| eave ribbons treated with the spatial repellent, transfluthrin, can effectively protect against indoor-biting and outdoor-biting malaria mosquitoes. | long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying protect against indoor-biting and indoor-resting mosquitoes but are largely ineffective for early-biting and outdoor-biting malaria vectors. complementary tools are, therefore, needed to accelerate control efforts. this paper describes simple hessian ribbons treated with spatial repellents and wrapped around eaves of houses to prevent outdoor-biting and indoor-biting mosquitoes over long periods of time. | 2018 | 30333015 |
| experimental huts trial of the efficacy of pyrethroids/piperonyl butoxide (pbo) net treatments for controlling multi-resistant populations of anopheles funestus s.s. in kpomè, southern benin. | background: insecticides resistance in anopheles mosquitoes limits long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) used for malaria control in africa, especially benin. this study aimed to evaluate the bio-efficacy of current llins in an area where an. funestuss.l. and an. gambiae have developed multi-resistance to insecticides, and to assess in experimental huts the performance of a mixed combination of pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide (pbo) treated nets on these resistant mosquitoes. methods: the stud ... | 2018 | 30175242 |
| housing gaps, mosquitoes and public viewpoints: a mixed methods assessment of relationships between house characteristics, malaria vector biting risk and community perspectives in rural tanzania. | house improvement and environmental management can significantly improve malaria transmission control in endemic communities. this study assessed the influence of physical characteristics of houses and surrounding environments on mosquito biting risk in rural tanzanian villages, and examined knowledge and perceptions of residents on relationships between these factors and malaria transmission. the study further assessed whether people worried about these risks and how they coped. | 2018 | 30119666 |
| complete anopheles funestus mitogenomes reveal an ancient history of mitochondrial lineages and their distribution in southern and central africa. | anopheles funestus s.s. is a primary vector of malaria in sub-saharan africa. despite its important role in human plasmodium transmission, evolutionary history, genetic diversity, and population structure of an. funestus in southern and central africa remains understudied. we deep sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of an. funestus s.s. for the first time, providing a foundation for further genetic research of this important malaria vector species. we further an ... | 2018 | 29899497 |
| household-level and surrounding peri-domestic environmental characteristics associated with malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus along an urban-rural continuum in blantyre, malawi. | malaria is increasing in some recently urbanized areas that historically were considered lower risk. understanding what drives urban transmission is hampered by inconsistencies in how "urban" contexts are defined. a dichotomized "urban-rural" approach, based on political boundaries may misclassify environments or fail to capture local drivers of risk. small-scale agriculture in urban or peri-urban settings has been shown to be a major risk determinant. | 2018 | 29884176 |
| the impact of temperature on insecticide toxicity against the malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. | it is anticipated that malaria elimination efforts in africa will be hampered by increasing resistance to the limited arsenal of insecticides approved for use in public health. however, insecticide susceptibility status of vector populations evaluated under standard insectary test conditions can give a false picture of the threat, as the thermal environment in which the insect and insecticide interact plays a significant role in insecticide toxicity. | 2018 | 29606123 |
| variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting behaviour of malaria vectors. | background: mosquito behaviours including the degree to which they bite inside houses or outside is a crucial determinant of human exposure to malaria. whilst seasonality in mosquito vector abundance is well documented, much less is known about the impact of climate on mosquito behaviour. we investigated how variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting by malaria vectors, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. methods: mosquitoes were sampled indoors and outdoors weekly using ... | 2017 | 29552642 |
| pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus is exacerbated by overexpression and overactivity of the p450 cyp6aa1 across africa. | resistance to pyrethroids (the ingredients in bed net insecticides) in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus is threatening recent gains in the fight against malaria. here, we established the role of an over-expressed p450, a. funestus cyp6aa1 in insecticides resistance. transcription profiling of cyp6aa1 across africa using microarray and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) revealed that it is significantly more over-expressed in southern african populat ... | 2018 | 29498712 |
| water source most suitable for rearing a sensitive malaria vector, anopheles funestus in the laboratory. | background: the insecticide susceptibility status of anopheles funestus, one of the main malaria vectors in the afrotropical regions, remains under-studied due to the difficulty of working with this mosquito species. collecting their larvae in natural breeding sites, rearing and maintaining them in normal laboratory conditions have been a difficult task. forced-egg laying technique has been a very good tool to generate eggs from adult mosquitoes collected from the wild but rearing these eggs to ... | 2017 | 29387806 |