Publications

pyometra in a pallas's cat.		1983	6643260
a molecular phylogeny of the felidae: immunological distance.	the phylogenetic distances between 34 of the 37 extant species of felidae were estimated using albumin immunological distances (aid). albumins from ten cat species were used to prepare antisera in rabbits. a consensus phylogeny was constructed from a matrix of reciprocal aid measurements using four distinct phylogenetic algorithms. a series of one-way measurements using the ten index antisera and those 24 species for which albumins were available (but antisera were not), permitted addition of th ...	1985	28561961
fatal toxoplasmosis and enteroepithelial stages of toxoplasma gondii in a pallas cat (felis manul).	toxoplasma gondii was found in tissues of a six-year-old female pallas cat (felis manul) from the milwaukee county zoo. toxoplasma gondii meronts (types d and e), gamonts, and oocysts were present in the epithelium of the small intestine. numerous unsporulated oocysts were present in the intestinal lumen. the cat died of acute, overwhelming toxoplasmosis. necrotic enteritis, multifocal necrotizing granulomatous hepatitis, and pneumonia were the prominent lesions.	1988	3199337
trypanosoma manulis n. sp. from the russian pallas cat felis manul.	the morphology of trypanosoma manulis n. sp. is described from living and stained specimens obtained from the blood of a pallas cat, felis manul, from kazakhstan. the cat was also infected with a hepatozoon sp. and feline immunodeficiency virus. the morphology of the trypanosome most closely resembles that of trypanosoma mpapuense reichenow and trypanosoma heybergi rodhain found in bats. trypanosoma manulis does not grow well in conventional media, but co-culture with african green monkey kidney ...	1993	8389639
isolation of a highly cytopathic lentivirus from a nondomestic cat.	a feline immunodeficiency virus-like virus (fiv-oma) isolated from a pallas' cat (otocolobus manul) is highly cytopathic in crfk cells, in contrast to the chronic, noncytolytic infection established by an fiv isolate from a domestic cat (fiv-fca). the virions have typical lentivirus morphology, density, and magnesium-dependent reverse transcriptase activity. the major core protein is antigenically cross-reactive with that of fiv-fca; however, fiv-oma transcripts do not cross-hybridize with fiv-f ...	1995	7474172
toxoplasmosis in pallas' cats (otocolobus felis manul) at the denver zoological gardens.	in may 1996 the denver zoological gardens obtained two male and two female pallas' cats (otocolobus felis manul) that were wild-caught in the ukraine. these animals were part of a group of 16 wild-caught adults (eight male and eight female) imported to the united states and canada between 1995 and 1996. the denver zoological gardens cats were quarantined at the zoo hospital for approximately i mo. during the quarantine period they were immobilized for physical examination, and sera were obtained ...	2002	12398302
immunodeficiency associated with multiple concurrent infections in captive pallas' cats (otocolobus manul).	five neonatal pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) at the oklahoma city zoo died from toxoplasmosis with concurrent herpesvirus infection. these multiple infections suggested underlying immunodeficiency, perhaps caused by concurrent infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv); so blood samples were collected for serology, serum protein electrophoresis, lymphocyte proliferation assays, and cytokine analysis by reverse transcriptase-quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (rt-qcpcr). ...	2003	14582784
serum concentrations of lipids, vitamin d metabolites, retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherols and selected carotenoids in twelve captive wild felid species at four zoos.	serum concentrations of several nutrients were measured in 12 captive wild felid species including caracal (felis caracal), cheetah (acinonyx jubatus), cougar (felis concolor), fishing cat (felis viverrinus), leopard (panthera pardus), lion (panthera leo), ocelot (felis pardalis), pallas cat (felis manul), sand cat (felis margarita), serval (felis serval), snow leopard (panthera uncia) and tiger (panthera tigris). diet information was collected for these animals from each participating zoo (broo ...	2003	12514284
an intraerythrocytic small piroplasm in wild-caught pallas's cats (otocolobus manul) from mongolia.	during the quarantine examination of four pallas's cats (otocolobus manul) imported from mongolia in october and december 2000, intraerythrocytic piroplasms were detected on wright-giemsa stained blood films that were morphologically indistinguishable from other small piroplasms of felids. further characterization of this unknown organism via polymerase chain reaction amplification, sequencing of a portion of the 18s nuclear small subunit rrna gene, and comparisons with orthologous sequences fro ...	2003	12910772
a new species of cytauxzoon from pallas' cats caught in mongolia and comments on the systematics and taxonomy of piroplasmids.	dna was extracted and the 18s ribosomal rna gene was amplified and sequenced from the blood of 2 pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) infected with small intraerythrocytic piroplasms. sequences of the parasite were found to be identical with that of a previously reported cytauxzoon-like piroplasm from a pallas' cat. phylogenetic analyses of the parasite dna sequences obtained from the 3 pallas' cats to other piroplasms revealed a sister group relationship to c. felis. the mean corrected percent seque ...	2005	15986619
toxoplasmosis in pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) raised in captivity.	manuls or pallas' cats (felis manul, syn. otocolobus manul) are endangered wild cats from central asia kept and bred in many zoos. despite good breeding success young cats frequently die from acute toxoplasmosis. from 1998 to 2002, a breeding pair in the schönbrunn zoo in vienna, austria, gave birth to 24 kittens; 58 % of kittens died between the 2nd and the 14th week of life, mostly due to acute toxoplasmosis. the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pallas' cats was examined and a control strategy ...	2005	15796012
phylogenetic studies of pantherine cats (felidae) based on multiple genes, with novel application of nuclear beta-fibrinogen intron 7 to carnivores.	the pantherine lineage of the cat family felidae (order: carnivora) includes five big cats of genus panthera and a great many midsized cats known worldwide. presumably because of their recent and rapid radiation, the evolutionary relationship among pantherines remains ambiguous. we provide an independent assessment of the evolutionary history of pantherine lineage using two complete mitochondrial (mt) genes (nd2 and nd4) and the nuclear beta-fibrinogen intron 7 gene, whose utility in carnivoran ...	2005	15804417
seroprevalence and genomic divergence of circulating strains of feline immunodeficiency virus among felidae and hyaenidae species.	feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infects numerous wild and domestic feline species and is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). species-specific strains of fiv have been described for domestic cat (felis catus), puma (puma concolor), lion (panthera leo), leopard (panthera pardus), and pallas' cat (otocolobus manul). here, we employ a three-antigen western blot screening (domestic cat, puma, and lion fiv antigens) and pcr analysis to sur ...	2005	15956574
exploring the ecologic basis for extreme susceptibility of pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) to fatal toxoplasmosis.	recent efforts by north american zoos to establish a genetically viable captive population of pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) have been compromised by high newborn mortality (approximately 60%), primarily because of toxoplasmosis. the basis for this extreme susceptibility to toxoplasmosis is unknown. in the present study, the general health status of wild pallas' cats in mongolia was evaluated, including assessment of basal hematologic parameters and fecal corticoid metabolite concentrations. th ...	2005	16456157
first report of an intraerythrocytic small piroplasm in wild iberian lynx (lynx pardinus).	a wild injured iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) was taken from the sierra morena population. during the health check small intraerythrocytic piroplasms, morphologically indistinguishable from other feline piroplasms, were observed in wright-giemsa-stained blood films. amplification by polymerase chain reaction of a portion of the 18s nuclear small subunit (nss) rrna gene and sequencing revealed similarity of the unknown organism with sequences obtained from pallas's cat from mongolia and from a dome ...	2005	16456175
assessment of viral presence in semen and reproductive function of frozen-thawed spermatozoa from pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) infected with feline herpesvirus.	although herpesviruses are known to contaminate the semen of several mammalian species, the occurrence of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) in semen of infected cats has not been reported. our objectives in this study were to investigate the presence of fhv-1 dna in seminal fluid and frozen-thawed spermatozoa from fhv-1 infected pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) and assess the functionality of their frozen-thawed spermatozoa in vitro. over a 3-yr period, semen (n = 33 ejaculates) was collected per ...	2006	17319133
seminal and endocrine characteristics of male pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) maintained under artificial lighting with simulated natural photoperiods.	pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) have a pronounced reproductive seasonality controlled by photoperiod. previous studies of reproduction in captive pallas' cats exposed to natural light showed a breeding season of december-april. this study evaluated the impact of artificial lighting timed to simulate natural photoperiods on male reproductive seasonality of four pallas' cats housed indoors. semen evaluation, blood collection, and body weight measurements were conducted every 1-2 months from novemb ...	2007	19360572
expression of feline immunodeficiency virus vif is associated with reduced viral mutation rates without restoration of replication of vif mutant viruses.	the vif gene of lentiviruses has been demonstrated to be essential for efficient viral replication in many cell types. although the vif protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) displays limited homology to hiv-1 vif, the role of vif in fiv replication is not known. we have examined the requirements of vif for replication of a fiv strain isolated from a non-domestic felid, otocolobus manul (fiv-oma). in agreement with others, we find that replication of fiv vif mutant molecular clones in cr ...	2007	17169394
prevalence of infection and 18s rrna gene sequences of cytauxzoon species in iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) in spain.	the iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) is the most endangered felid in the world. only about 160 individuals remain in 2 separate metapopulations in southern spain (sierra morena and doñana). we obtained blood samples of 20 lynxes captured from 2004 to 2006, and determined the prevalence of infection and genetic diversity of cytauxzoon spp. using 18s rrna pcr and sequence analysis. prevalence of infection was 15% (3 of 20). cytauxzoon sp. was only detected in sierra morena. for phylogenetic analysis, ...	2007	17326847
experimental infection of domestic cats (felis domesticus) with cytauxzoon manul from pallas' cats (otocolobus manul).	in a random, blind study, six domestic cats were assigned to two treatment groups that received either sterile water or dexamethasone by subcutaneous injection prior to intravenous inoculation with pallas' cat (otocolobus manul) blood infected with cytauxzoon manul. a seventh domestic cat served as a control and was inoculated only with sterile water. cats were monitored for clinical signs consistent with cytauxzoonosis, and periodically screened for hemoparasitemia. all domestic cats (6/6) that ...	2007	17442493
seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals in selected zoos in the midwestern united states.	toxoplasma gondii infections in zoo animals are of interest because many captive animals die of clinical toxoplasmosis and because of the potential risk of exposure of children and elderly to t. gondii oocysts excreted by cats in the zoos. seroprevalence of t. gondii antibodies in wild zoo felids, highly susceptible zoo species, and feral cats from 8 zoos of the midwestern united states was determined by using the modified agglutination test (mat). a titer of 1:25 was considered indicative of t. ...	2008	18605803
refinement of a commercial bench-top relaxin assay for pregnancy diagnosis using urine from domestic and nondomestic felids.	relaxin, a 6-kda polypeptide hormone, is excreted in the urine during pregnancy in several mammalian species. a recent study showed that detection of urinary relaxin using a bench-top serum assay (witness relaxin kit, synbiotics corp., san diego, california 92127, usa) can be diagnostic for pregnancy in domestic cats (felis silvestris catus), but it is unknown whether the bench-top kit is applicable with urine across felid species. our objectives were to 1) examine modifications in urine process ...	2008	18634207
animal and human rabies in mongolia.	the prevalence of animal rabies differs in each area of mongolia. wolves (canis lupus linnaeus, 1758), foxes ( vulpes vulpes linnaeus, 1758), corsac foxes (vulpes corsac linnaeus, 1768) and manuls (felis manul pallas, 1778) are considered to be the infective wild animals in natural foci. amongst livestock, cattle have had the most rabies cases, followed by camels, sheep, goats and horses. the peak prevalence of animal rabies occurred in the 1970s. dundgovi province had the highest incidence duri ...	2009	20462156
detection of seasonal weight loss and a serologic survey of potential pathogens in wild pallas' cats (felis [otocolobus] manul) of the daurian steppe, russia.	we measured seasonal changes in body mass and pathogen exposure in wild pallas' cats (felis [otocolobus] manul) in the daurian steppe of russia in 2010-11. pallas' cats lost about 30% of body mass over winter. tests for antibodies to 15 potential pathogens showed that pallas' cats were exposed to four pathogens. two of 16 cats had antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. two had antibodies to mycoplasma sp., and one each had antibodies to influenza a virus and feline leukemia virus. the percentage of an ...	2014	24484481
evaluation of thyroid hormones and as influenced by treatment with deslorelin in pallas' cats (otocolobus (felis) manul).	thyroid hormones regulate a variety of physiologic functions including metabolism, growth, and reproductive cycling, and these other hormones can impact the thyroid function via the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. for instance, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, deslorelin, used in nondomestic carnivores for contraception and behavioral control, down-regulates reproductive hormones through this mechanism and so may impact thyroid function. due to clinical concerns of hypothyroidism in a ba ...	2015	26667522
first report of cytauxzoon sp. infection in domestic cats in switzerland: natural and transfusion-transmitted infections.	cytauxzoonosis is an emerging tick-borne disease of domestic and wild felids. cytauxzoon felis induces severe and often fatal disease in domestic cats. in europe, clinical and subclinical infections caused by cytauxzoon sp. are described. we report the first cases of cytauxzoon sp. infection in domestic cats in switzerland.	2018	29747680
practical application of laparoscopic oviductal artificial insemination for the propagation of domestic cats and wild felids.	ai was first reported in cats almost 50 years ago but, unlike ai in other domesticated animals (e.g. dogs, cattle, horses), has not been widely used for routine propagation by veterinarians or breeders. anatomical and physiological challenges with cats have hindered the efficiency of ai using standardised transcervical approaches applied to other species. development of laparoscopic oviductal ai (lo-ai) has helped overcome some of these barriers and, during the past 7 years, produced high pregna ...	2018	32188540
the viability of serval (leptailurus serval) and pallas cat (felis manul) oocytes after cryopreservation using the rapid-i method.	vitrification by rapid-i method could be essential for felid rescue programs to protect wild felid in the future.	2019	31278403
toxoplasma gondii in small exotic felids from zoos in europe and the middle east: serological prevalence and risk factors.	toxoplasma gondii infections and cases of clinical toxoplasmosis have been recorded in zoo animals. wild felids in human care can serve as definitive hosts that shed oocysts, but also as intermediate hosts for the parasite. some felid species, such as the pallas's cat (otocolobus manul) or sand cat (felis margarita), may suffer from clinically apparent toxoplasmosis. in the present study, our main aim was to assess risk factors for t. gondii infections in small exotic felids.	2019	31511050
dilated cardiomyopathy with endocardial fibroelastosis in a juvenile pallas cat.	dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm) is a myocardial disease characterized by ventricular chamber dilation associated with systolic myocardial dysfunction in the absence of other cardiac lesions. dcm occasionally develops in conjunction with proliferation of fibroelastic fibers in the endocardium, producing endocardial fibroelastosis (efe). although early reports describe efe as a primary disease, evidence now suggests that efe may develop as a response to myocardial dysfunction. echocardiographic evalu ...	2019	30694111
use of clindamycin in pallas' cats [otocolobus (felis) manul] to reduce juvenile toxoplasmosis-associated mortality rates.	pallas' cat [otocolobus (felis) manul] experiences a high mortality rate from toxoplasmosis. during the period 2006-2016, the overall mortality rate for this species from all causes during the first year of life was 71.59% in european association of zoos and aquaria institutions, with the most significant infectious cause from systemic toxoplasmosis (20.6%) as confirmed by postmortem examination and histopathology. clindamycin was used starting in 2014 in two collections that had previously expe ...	2020	32212544