| optimization of polyphenol oxidase immobilization in copper alginate beads. | polyphenol oxidase (ppo, ec 1.14.18.1) was isolated from artichoke head (cynara scolymus l.) by using 0.1 m tris-hcl buffer (ph 7.0), concentrated by (nh4)2so4 precipitation, and immobilized in copper-alginate beads. immobilization yield was determined to be 70%. the cresolase and catecholase activities of enzyme immobilized at optimum immobilization conditions were found to be 13.3 and 670 u g beads min(-1), respectively. effects of immobilization conditions such as alginate concentration, cacl ... | 2010 | 20429683 |
| changes in inulin and soluble sugar concentration in artichokes (cynara scolymus l.) during storage. | the artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) accumulates about 50-70 g kg(-1) of its fresh weight as inulin-type fructan. inulin fermentation increases gas production and thereby provokes intestinal discomfort in some people. the present research focuses on the changes in carbohydrate composition occurring in artichoke heads during storage under different conditions (18 degrees c, 4 degrees c and 4 degrees c under polypropylene film packing). | 2010 | 20394002 |
| effectiveness of a "cold dessert", with or without the addition of a mixture of digestive herbs, in subjects with "functional dyspepsia". | "functional dyspepsia" represents a clinical condition of pain and/or persistent or recurrent discomfort that concerns a large portion of the healthy population. it has already been shown that some herbs (melissa officinalis, cynara scolymus) can have favorable effects on digestion. the principal aim of this study is to determine whether the ingestion of "gran soleil" dessert, with or without herbs, after meals can be beneficial to health in subjects suffering from functional dyspepsia. for this ... | 2010 | 20385075 |
| three di-o-caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from the heads of cynara scolymus l. | three di-o-caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were isolated from the ethanol extracts of the heads of cynara scolymus l. their structures were elucidated based on spectra analyses. | 2009 | 19384729 |
| artichoke leaf juice contains antihypertensive effect in patients with mild hypertension. | lifestyle modifications are effective for the management and prevention of hypertension. we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of an oral concentrated leaf juice of artichoke (cynara scolymus l.; cs) in patients with mild hypertension (systolic blood pressure [sbp]/diastolic blood pressure [dbp], 140-159/90-99 mmhg). subjects were randomized into a placebo and two drug groups that received 50 and 100 mg of artichoke juice concentrate. after 12 weeks, sbp si ... | 2009 | 22435514 |
| molecular identification, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detection, host reactions, and specific cytopathology of artichoke yellow ringspot virus infecting onion crops. | abstract an isometric virus ca. 25 nm in diameter with angular contour was isolated from onion plants showing yellow leaf striping and necrotic tips. the virus was mechanically transmitted onto 28 species of indicator plants belonging to five families, viz. amaranthaceae, chenopodiaceae, cucurbitaceae, leguminosae, and solanaceae where it causes ring spots, malformations, and/or tip necrosis. cytopathological studies in infected nicotiana benthamiana tissues revealed cytoplasmic inclusions resem ... | 2006 | 18943180 |
| the influence of supplementation with artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) extract on selected redox parameters in rowers. | high-intensity physical exercise decreases intracellular antioxidant potential. an enhanced antioxidant defense system is desirable in people subjected to exhaustive exercise. the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of supplementation with artichoke-leaf extract on parameters describing balance between oxidants and antioxidants in competitive rowers. this double-blinded study was carried out in 22 members of the polish rowing team who were randomly assigned to a supplemented group ... | 2008 | 18562776 |
| artichoke leaf extract (cynara scolymus) reduces plasma cholesterol in otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized, double blind placebo controlled trial. | cardiovascular diseases are the chief causes of death in the uk, and are associated with high circulating levels of total cholesterol in the plasma. artichoke leaf extracts (ales) have been reported to reduce plasma lipids levels, including total cholesterol, although high quality data is lacking. the objective of this trial was to assess the effect of ale on plasma lipid levels and general well-being in otherwise healthy adults with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. 131 adults were screene ... | 2008 | 18424099 |
| isolation and identification of inulooligosaccharides resulting from inulin hydrolysis. | in this study, inulooligosaccharides (f(n)-type inulin) resulting from the endo-inulinase hydrolysis of globe artichoke inulin were purified and characterized. the aim was to produce f(n) oligomer standards with the intention of identifying them in the complex inulin chromatogram. inulin was extracted from globe artichoke and presented a high average degree of polymerization (dp) of about 80 as determined by high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detectio ... | 2007 | 17983784 |
| metabolomic fingerprinting of plant extracts. | the standardization and quality control of plant extracts is an important topic, in particular, when such extracts are used for medicinal purposes. consequently, the development of fast and effective analytical methods for metabolomic fingerprinting of plant extracts is of high interest. in this investigation, electrospray mass spectrometry (esi-ms) and (1)h nmr techniques were employed with further statistical analyses of the acquired data. the results showed that negative ion mode esi-ms is pa ... | 2006 | 17051519 |
| separation and quantification of inulin in selected artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) cultivars and dandelion (taraxacum officinale web. ex wigg.) roots by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. | the profile of fructooligosaccharides and fructopolysaccharides in artichoke heads and dandelion roots was investigated. for this purpose, a suitable method for high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometic detection was developed. the separation of monomers, oligomers and polymers up to a chain length of 79 sugar residues was achieved in one single run. glucose, fructose, sucrose and individual fructooligosaccharides (kestose, nystose, fructofuranosylnystose) were quant ... | 2006 | 16977588 |
| characterization and quantification of anthocyanins in selected artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) cultivars by hplc-dad-esi-msn. | the anthocyanin pattern of artichoke heads (cynara scolymus l.) has been investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. for this purpose a suitable extraction and liquid chromatographic method was developed. besides the main anthocyanins-cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3,5-malonyldiglucoside, cyanidin 3-(3''-malonyl)glucoside, and cyanidin 3-(6''-malonyl)glucoside-several minor compounds were identified. among these, two ... | 2006 | 16534575 |
| tabletted microspheres containing cynara scolymus (var. spinoso sardo) extract for the preparation of controlled release nutraceutical matrices. | controlled release dosage forms based on tabletted microspheres containing fresh artichoke cynara scolymus extract were performed for the oral administration of a nutritional supplement. microspheres were prepared using a spray-drying technique; lactose or hypromellose have been chosen as excipients. microspheres were characterized in terms of encapsulated extract content, size and morphology. qualitative and quantitative composition of the extract before and after the spray process was determin ... | 2005 | 16361192 |
| characterization and purification of polyphenol oxidase from artichoke (cynara scolymus l.). | in this study, the polyphenol oxidase (ppo) of artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) was first purified by a combination of (nh(4))(2)so(4) precipitation, dialysis, and a sepharose 4b-l-tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid affinity column. at the end of purification, 43-fold purification was achieved. the purified enzyme migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that ppo had a 57 kda molecular mass. second, the contents ... | 2005 | 15686433 |
| antifungal activity of cynara scolymus l. extracts. | chloroform, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of cynara scolymus l. leaves, heads and stems were tested for their antifungal activity using the agar-well diffusion assay technique. the leaves extracts and the ethanol fractions were found to be the most effective extract against all the tested organisms. | 2005 | 15664472 |
| purification and characterization of a milk-clotting aspartic proteinase from globe artichoke (cynara scolymus l.). | the study of proteinase expression in crude extracts from different organs of the globe artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) disclosed that enzymes with proteolytic and milk-clotting activity are mainly located in mature flowers. maximum proteolytic activity was recorded at ph 5.0, and inhibition studies showed that only pepstatin, specific for aspartic proteinases, presented a significant inhibitory effect. such properties, in addition to easy enzyme inactivation by moderate heating, make this crude ... | 2004 | 15612815 |
| phenolic compounds from the leaf extract of artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) and their antimicrobial activities. | a preliminary antimicrobial disk assay of chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts of artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) leaf extracts showed that the n-butanol fraction exhibited the most significant antimicrobial activities against seven bacteria species, four yeasts, and four molds. eight phenolic compounds were isolated from the n-butanol soluble fraction of artichoke leaf extracts. on the basis of high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, tandem ... | 2004 | 15563206 |
| identification and quantification of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids from artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) heads, juice, and pomace by hplc-dad-esi/ms(n). | a method for the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) heads, juice, and pomace by hplc with diode array and mass spectrometric detection was developed. among the 22 major compounds, 11 caffeoylquinic acids and 8 flavonoids were detected. quantification of individual compounds was carried out by external calibration. apigenin 7-o-glucuronide was found to be the major flavonoid in all samples investigated. 1,5-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid represen ... | 2004 | 15212452 |
| effectiveness of artichoke extract in preventing alcohol-induced hangovers: a randomized controlled trial. | extract of globe artichoke (cynara scolymus) is promoted as a possible preventive or cure for alcohol-induced hangover symptoms. however, few rigorous clinical trials have assessed the effects of artichoke extract, and none has examined the effects in relation to hangovers. we undertook this study to test whether artichoke extract is effective in preventing the signs and symptoms of alcohol-induced hangover. | 2003 | 14662662 |
| occupational rhinitis and bronchial asthma due to artichoke (cynara scolymus). | the artichoke is a perennial horticultural plant that belongs to the compositae family. | 2003 | 12877457 |
| compound i formation in artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) peroxidase is modulated by the equilibrium between pentacoordinated and 6-aquo hexacoordinated forms of the heme and by calcium ions. | basic artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) peroxidase (akp-c), when purified from the plant, has an unusually intense and sharp soret absorption peak. the resonance raman spectrum [lópez-molina, d., et al. (2003) j. inorg. biochem. 94, 243-254] suggested a mixture of pentacoordinate high-spin (5chs) and 6-aquo hexacoordinate high-spin (6chs) ferric heme species. the rate constant (k(1)) of compound i formation with hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) was also lower than expected. further stopped-flow studies ... | 2003 | 12873141 |
| analysis of antioxidative phenolic compounds in artichoke (cynara scolymus l.). | artichoke leaf is an herbal medicine known for a long time. a systematic antioxidant activity-directed fractionation procedure was used to purify antioxidative components from the aqueous methanol extractions of artichoke heads and leaves in this study. seven active polyphenolic compounds were purified from artichoke, and structural elucidation of each was achieved using ms and nmr. two of these compounds, apigenin-7-rutinoside and narirutin, were found to be unique to artichoke heads, this repr ... | 2003 | 12537429 |
| anti-hyperlipidemic sesquiterpenes and new sesquiterpene glycosides from the leaves of artichoke (cynara scolymus l.): structure requirement and mode of action. | the methanolic extract from the leaves of artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) was found to suppress serum triglyceride elevation in olive oil-loaded mice. through bioassay-guided separation, sesquiterpenes (cynaropicrin, aguerin b, and grosheimin) were isolated as the active components together with new sesquiterpene glycosides (cynarascolosides a, b, and c). the oxygen functional groups at the 3- and 8-positions and exo-methylene moiety in alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone ring were found to be es ... | 2003 | 12482428 |
| protective properties of artichoke (cynara scolymus) against oxidative stress induced in cultured endothelial cells and monocytes. | it is currently believed that oxidative stress and inflammation play a significant role in atherogenesis. artichoke extract exhibits hypolipemic properties and contains numerous active substances with antioxidant properties in vitro. we have studied the influence of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from artichoke on intracellular oxidative stress stimulated by inflammatory mediators (tnfalpha and lps) and ox-ldl in endothelial cells and monocytes. oxidative stress which reflects the intracellular ... | 2002 | 12377270 |
| artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) byproducts as a potential source of health-promoting antioxidant phenolics. | the present study reports a fast, economical, and feasible way to extract antioxidant phenolics from artichoke byproducts: raw artichoke (ra), blanched (thermally treated) artichoke (ba), and artichoke blanching waters (abw). these byproducts represent a huge amount of discarded material in some industries. two protocols, with possible industrial applicability, based on both methanol and water extractions were used. phenolic contents (expressed as caffeic acid derivatives) (grams per 100 g of dr ... | 2002 | 12033811 |
| transgenic potato (solanum tuberosum) tubers synthesize the full spectrum of inulin molecules naturally occurring in globe artichoke (cynara scolymus) roots. | the ability to synthesize high molecular weight inulin was transferred to potato plants via constitutive expression of the 1-sst (sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase) and the 1-fft (fructan: fructan 1-fructosyltransferase) genes of globe artichoke (cynara scolymus). the fructan pattern of tubers from transgenic potato plants represents the full spectrum of inulin molecules present in artichoke roots as shown by high-performance anion exchange chromatography, as well as size exclusion chromato ... | 2000 | 10890908 |
| a case of allergy to globe artichoke and other clinical cases of rare food allergy. | we describe herein four unusual clinical cases of rare allergy to foods in patients affected by allergic rhinitis and asthma. the patients were skin tested both with commercial food extracts and using prick-prick procedure with fresh foods. total and specific ige in serum were determined by reast. grapes, lupine seeds, black mulberry and artichoke resulted positive in the patients under study. this is the first time allergy to ingested artichoke has been described. | 2013 | 10879999 |
| potential environmental impact of effluents from the artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) byproduct ensiling process using additives. | three treatments have been tested on canned artichoke byproduct after 50 days of ensilage: formic acid at 20% in doses of 2 ml. kg(-)(1) (fa), cane sugar molasses at 50 g.kg(-)(1) (m), and sodium chloride at 30 g.kg(-)(1) (sc). a fourth batch acted as a control group (c). the nutritive value, fermentation characteristics, environmental pollution effect, and total volume of effluents released have been studied. the highest nutritive value recorded was with sc silage. the use of the additives did ... | 1999 | 10794650 |
| [pharmacological properties and therapeutic profile of artichoke (cynara scolymus l.)]. | the results of several clinical investigations showed the efficacy and safety of artichoke extracts (cynara scolymus l.) in the treatment of hepato-biliary dysfunction and digestive complaints, such as sensation of fullness, loss of appetite, nausea and abdominal pain. moreover earlier findings on a lipidlowering and hepatoprotective effect may be confirmed. in-vitro and in-vivo it has been possible to evaluate the underlying pharmacological mechanisms. flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids are ma ... | 1999 | 10483691 |
| artichoke leaf extract - recent findings reflecting effects on lipid metabolism, liver and gastrointestinal tracts. | in various molecular, cellular and in vivo test systems, artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) leaf extracts show antioxidative, hepatoprotective, choleretic and anti-cholestatic effects as well as inhibiting actions on cholesterol biosynthesis and ldl oxidation. recently, active ingredients responsible for the main effects have been identified. thus, luteolin seems to be of crucial importance for the inhibition of hepatocellular de novo cholesterol biosynthesis. the anti-dyspeptic actions ware mainly ... | 1997 | 23195590 |
| in vitro organogenesis and transgenosis aspects in globe artichoke (cynara scolymus l.). | the genetic transformation of globe artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) cells is possible. however, the percentage of transformed cells is still low and the regeneration process appeared to be the critical step towards the obtention of transgenic plants. the present work reports the organogenesis potentialities from new vegetal materials: cotyledons and leaves from in vitro artichoke plants. the results showed that cotyledons gave better rates of neoformation than leaves and this was reached in a sho ... | 1997 | 9193795 |
| occupational contact urticaria syndrome caused by globe artichoke (cynara scolymus). | | 1996 | 8621859 |
| flavonoids of cynara scolymus l. cultivated in egypt. | | 1993 | 8378274 |
| [polyphenolic substances of cynara scolymus l. leaves]. | from the leaves of cynara scolymus the following substances where isolated: apigenin, luteolin, luteolin-4'-glucoside, cynaroside, scolimoside, cosmoside, quercetin, rutin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-gentiobioside, along with the more uncommon scopoletin, hesperitin, hesperidoside, esculetin-6-o-beta-glucoside; more over maritimein was for the first time isolated and identified in the genus. | 1989 | 2610472 |
| spectroscopic study of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives of cynara scolymus. | | 1986 | 17345472 |
| allergic contact dermatitis from artichoke, cynara scolymus. | | 1983 | 6225611 |
| inefficiency of cynarin as therapeutic regimen in familial type ii hyperlipoproteinaemia. | seventeen ambulant outpatients with familial type iia or type iib hyperlipoproteinaemia were treated with cynarin, the 1,5-dicaffeyl ester of quinic acid, the constituent of the artichoke (cynara scolymus). the dose tested was 250 mg and 750 mg daily. the mean serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not significantly changed within 3 months. cynarin, administered per os, has no hypolipidaemic effect in familial type ii hyperlipoproteinaemia. | 1977 | 576409 |
| sweet taste of water induced by artichoke (cynara scolymus). | exposure of the tongue to artichoke can make water taste sweet. two major active components of artichoke are the salts of chlorogenic acid and cynarin. the sweetening of substances by temporarily modifying the tongue, rather than by adding a substance sweet in itself, may provide an alternative to currently used nonnutritive sweeteners. | 1972 | 5084667 |
| [organic acids, principally acid-alcohols, in cynara scolymus l. (compositae)]. | | 1972 | 5082443 |
| [considerations on the stability of o-dihydroxyphenolic derivatives of artichoke leaves (cynara scolymus l.)]. | | 1967 | 5616105 |
| [variation of caffeic acid type o-dihydroxyphenolic derivatives of the artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) during its period of vegetation]. | | 1966 | 5925436 |
| [on the determination of o-dihydrophenols of caffeic acid type present in artichoke leaves (cynara scolymus l.)]. | | 1965 | 5844391 |
| [quantitative analysis of cynarin in the leaves of the artichoke (cynara scolymus l.)]. | | 1965 | 5888688 |
| [on polyphenol compounds of artichoke (cynara scolymus l.)]. | | 1964 | 14224112 |
| nutrients in raw vs. cooked globe artichokes. | | 1963 | 14022763 |
| the artichoke (cynara scolymus) from antiquity to the present day. | | 1960 | 14438030 |
| [pharmaceutical and therapeutic history of the artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) from antiquity to the present time]. | | 1959 | 13674157 |
| [note on the bacteriostatic action of "cynara scolymus l."]. | | 2006 | 13806102 |
| [action of an extract of artichoke (cynara scolymus) on cholesterolesterase in vitro]. | | 1953 | 13066651 |