| ecology of viruses isolated from sand flies in italy and characterized of a new phlebovirus (arabia virus). | a total of 84 virus strains was obtained from 16,374 male and female sand flies (phlebotomus perniciosus and p. perfiliewi) collected in two localities of tuscany region in italy between 1980 and 1985. thirty-seven (44%) were identified as toscana virus (family bunyaviridae, genus phlebovirus) and 47 (56%) as a new member of the phlebotomus fever serogroup, arbia virus. the characteristics of this new serotype are described. the overall virus isolation rate from sand flies was 0.5 per 100 insect ... | 1988 | 3128131 |
| [mixed sero-epidemiologic study of arbovirus-arenavirus in the small mammals of tunisia]. | blood samples of 156 small mammals caught in tunisia in 1976 and 1977 were examined for the presence of antibodies to some arboviruses and arena-viruses. haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against west nile virus were detected in 19.8 0/0 of examined sera, mainly from mus sp., rattus rattus, eliomys tunetae in the northern part of the country and from ctenodactylus gundi and pipistrellus kuhli in the south. in addition, antibodies against uukuniemi and bhanja were found in 3.2 0/0 and 4.5 0 ... | 1977 | 615674 |
| phylogeography of pipistrelle-like bats within the canary islands, based on mtdna sequences. | evolution of three canary island vespertilionid bat species, pipistrellus kuhlii, pipistrellus maderensis, and hypsugo savii was studied by comparison of approximately 1 kbp of mtdna (from cytochrome b and 16s rrna genes) between islands. mtdna reveals that both p. kuhlii and p. maderensis exist in sympatry on tenerife (and possibly other islands). their morphological similarity explains why their co-occurrence had not been detected previously. levels of sequence divergence are quite low within ... | 2003 | 12470938 |
| molecular characterization of the first satellite dna with cenp-b and cdeiii motifs in the bat pipistrellus kuhli. | the centromere is an essential structure in the chromosomes of all eukariotes and is central to the mechanism that ensures proper segregation during mitosis and meiosis. the comparison of dna sequence motifs, organization and kinetocore components from yeast to man is beginning to indicate that, although centromeres are highly variable dna elements, a conserved pattern of sequence arrangement and function is emerging. we have identified and characterized the first satellite dna (p.k.sat) from mi ... | 2005 | 15848198 |
| identification of a family of sines and lines in the pipistrellus kuhli genome: a new structural and functional symbiotic relationship. | we initially describe a novel trna-derived sine family, abundantly and randomly distributed in the genome of the bat pipistrellus kuhli. we present evidence that the line retrotransposition machinery is recruited for the creation of a new chimerical retrotranscript constituted by the partial line reverse transcriptase orf2, which is interrupted by the sine15 retrotransposon. structural homology between sine15 and homo sapiens helix 6 7sl rna allows us to propose multiple genome partners for sine ... | 2008 | 18068947 |
| waking to drink: rates of evaporative water loss determine arousal frequency in hibernating bats. | bats hibernate to cope with low ambient temperatures (t(a)) and low food availability during winter. however, hibernation is frequently interrupted by arousals, when bats increase body temperature (t(b)) and metabolic rate (mr) to normothermic levels. arousals account for more than 85% of a bat's winter energy expenditure. this has been associated with variation in t(b), t(a) or both, leading to a single testable prediction, i.e. that torpor bout length (tbl) is negatively correlated with t(a) a ... | 2013 | 23364570 |
| phylogenetic and demographic insights into kuhl's pipistrelle, pipistrellus kuhlii, in the middle east. | kuhl's pipistrelle is found from europe and north africa all of the way to asia, yet studies have thus far concentrated on the western limit of its distribution. here we form a multi-marker picture of the diversity of kuhl's pipistrelle at a mid point in the arabian peninsula in an attempt to redress the western sampling bias and to represent a region from which no genetic data has thus far been presented for this species. the three arabian cytochrome b haplotypes showed a clear divergence of 19 ... | 2013 | 23468965 |
| it's not black or white-on the range of vision and echolocation in echolocating bats. | around 1000 species of bats in the world use echolocation to navigate, orient, and detect insect prey. many of these bats emerge from their roost at dusk and start foraging when there is still light available. it is however unclear in what way and to which extent navigation, or even prey detection in these bats is aided by vision. here we compare the echolocation and visual detection ranges of two such species of bats which rely on different foraging strategies (rhinopoma microphyllum and pipist ... | 2013 | 24065924 |
| two mitochondrial barcodes for one biological species: the case of european kuhl's pipistrelles (chiroptera). | the kuhl's pipistrelle (pipistrellus kuhlii) is a western palaearctic species of bat that exhibits several deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages across its range. these lineages could represent cryptic species or merely ancient polymorphism, but no nuclear markers have been studied so far to properly assess the taxonomic status of these lineages. we examined here two lineages occurring in western europe, and used both mitochondrial and nuclear markers to measure degrees of genetic isolation be ... | 2015 | 26241944 |
| calling louder and longer: how bats use biosonar under severe acoustic interference from other bats. | active-sensing systems such as echolocation provide animals with distinct advantages in dark environments. for social animals, however, like many bat species, active sensing can present problems as well: when many individuals emit bio-sonar calls simultaneously, detecting and recognizing the faint echoes generated by one's own calls amid the general cacophony of the group becomes challenging. this problem is often termed 'jamming' and bats have been hypothesized to solve it by shifting the spect ... | 2015 | 26702045 |
| extraordinary range expansion in a common bat: the potential roles of climate change and urbanisation. | urbanisation and climate change are two global change processes that affect animal distributions, posing critical threats to biodiversity. due to its versatile ecology and synurbic habits, kuhl's pipistrelle (pipistrellus kuhlii) offers a unique opportunity to explore the relative effects of climate change and urbanisation on species distributions. in a climate change scenario, this typically mediterranean species is expected to expand its range in response to increasing temperatures. we collect ... | 2016 | 26842786 |
| the effect of water contamination and host-related factors on ectoparasite load in an insectivorous bat. | we examined the effects of sex, age, and reproductive state of the insectivorous bat pipistrellus kuhlii on the abundance and prevalence of arthropod ectoparasites (macronyssidae and cimicidae) in habitats with either sewage-polluted or natural bodies of water, in the negev desert, israel. we chose water pollution as an environmental factor because of the importance of water availability in desert environments, particularly for p. kuhlii, which needs to drink on a daily basis. we predicted that ... | 2017 | 28735468 |
| the echolocation and hunting behavior of the bat, pipistrellus kuhli. | the echolocation and hunting behavior of pipistrellus kuhli was studied in the field using multi-exposure photography synchronized with high-speed tape recordings. during the search phase, the bats used 8-12 ms signals with sweeps (sweep width 3-6 khz) and pulse intervals near 100 ms or less often near 200 ms. the bats seemed to have individual terminal frequencies that could lie between 35 and 40 khz. the duty cycle of searching signals was about 8%. the flight speed of hunting bats was between ... | 1987 | 3625576 |
| studies on the megatrypanum trypanosomes of the egyptian bat (pipistrellum kuhli) from sohag governorate, egypt. | out of 150 egyptian bats (pipistrellus kuhli) hunted in the premises of sohag city, 60 (40%) were harbouring typanosomes of the subgenus megatypanum (hoare, 1964). they were t. m. heybergi (rodhian, 1923), t. m. possoai (dean and sugary, 1963) and t. m. magadermae (wenyon, 1990). | 2001 | 12557932 |
| context-dependent flight speed: evidence for energetically optimal flight speed in the bat pipistrellus kuhlii? | 1. understanding the causes and consequences of animal flight speed has long been a challenge in biology. aerodynamic theory is used to predict the most economical flight speeds, minimizing energy expenditure either per distance (maximal range speed, vmr) or per time (minimal power speed, vmp). when foraging in flight, flight speed also affects prey encounter and energy intake rates. according to optimal flight speed theory, such effects may shift the energetically optimal foraging speed to abov ... | 2009 | 19243467 |
| eimeria pipistrellus n. sp. from pipistrellus kuhlii (chiroptera: vespertilionidae) in saudi arabia. | fecal samples from 12 pipistrellus kuhlii captured at shagrah, saudi arabia, were examined for coccidia and three (25%) found to harbor a undescribed eimerian, herein described as eimeria pipistrellus n. sp. sporulated oocysts were subspherical, 24.8 x 23.2 (22-27 x 20-25) microns, with a bilayered and smooth wall. the micropyle was absent, but a large oocyst residuum and a single polar granule were present. sporocysts were ovoid, 11.6 x 8.3 (10.5-13 x 7.5-9) microns, with a prominent stieda bod ... | 1999 | 10188376 |
| effects of host diet and thermal state on feeding performance of the flea xenopsylla ramesis. | we examined feeding performance of the flea xenopsylla ramesis on three different hosts: its natural, granivorous, rodent host, sundevall's jird (meriones crassus); the frugivorous egyptian fruit bat (rousettus aegyptiacus); and an insectivorous bat, kuhl's pipistrelle (pipistrellus kuhlii). because these fleas are not known to occur on bats, we hypothesized that the fleas' feeding performance (i.e. feeding and digestion rates) would be higher when feeding on their natural host than on either of ... | 2012 | 22496278 |
| the relationship between cutaneous water loss and thermoregulatory state in kuhl's pipistrelle pipistrellus kuhlii, a vespertillionid bat. | total evaporative water loss is the sum of respiratory water loss (rwl) and cutaneous water loss (cwl) and constitutes the main avenue of water loss in bats. because bats fly and have large surface-to-volume ratios, they potentially have high rates of rwl and cwl. most species of small insectivorous bats have the ability to reduce their body temperature (t(b)) at rest, which substantially reduces energy expenditure and water loss. we hypothesized that bats reduce evaporative water loss during bo ... | 2012 | 22902380 |
| karyotype comparison and phylogenetic relationships of pipistrellus-like bats (vespertilionidae; chiroptera; mammalia). | detailed karyotype descriptions of 20 pipistrellus-like bat species belonging to the family vespertilionidae are presented. for the first time, chromosomal complements of four species, i.e. pipistrellus stenopterus (2n = 32), p. javanicus (2n = 34), hypsugo eisentrauti (2n = 42) and h. crassulus (2n = 30) are reported. a pipistrellus kuhlii-like species from madagascar represents a separate species distinguished from the european pipistrellus kuhlii (2n = 44) by a diploid chromosome number of 42 ... | 2001 | 11272789 |
| on pycnoporus mansouri n.sp. (trematoda: lecithodendriidae); from the egyptian bat pipistrellus kuhli. | | 1982 | 7153562 |
| [seasonal changes in seminiferous tubules and leydig cells of hibernating bats]. | we studied the seasonal course of leydig cells combined with spermatogenesis and blood testosterone concentrations. the reproductive cycle of pipistrellus kuhli kuhli and eptesicus serotinus is characterized by seminiferous tubules which reactivate after a period of complete quiescence extending for the whole winter hibernating sleep and spring (march-june) periods. during hibernation, leydig cells show ultrastructural features which stress a low secretory activity with corresponding low concent ... | 1990 | 2151913 |
| metabolic rate, evaporative water loss and thermoregulatory state in four species of bats in the negev desert. | life in deserts is challenging for bats because of their relatively high energy and water requirements; nevertheless bats thrive in desert environments. we postulated that bats from desert environments have lower metabolic rates (mr) and total evaporative water loss (tewl) than their mesic counterparts. to test this idea, we measured mr and tewl of four species of bats, which inhabit the negev desert in israel, one species mainly restricted to hyper-arid deserts (otonycteris hemprichii), two spe ... | 2016 | 26459985 |
| acanthophthirius kolenatii, a new species, and some new records of fur-mites (acarina: myobiidae and labidocarpidae) from armenia. | a description of the female of a new species, acanthophthirius kolenatii sp.n., is given. the species is very closely related to a. poppei (trouessart, 1895) and a. etheldredae perkins, 1925 and has been collected from pipistrellus kuhli (kuhl) in the armenian s.s.r. the species pteracarus pipistrellius pipistrellius (radford, 1938) and alabidocarpus calcaratus calcaratus lawrence, 1952 are recorded from the territory of armenia for the first time. | 1976 | 950184 |
| detection of coronaviruses in bats of various species in italy. | bats are natural reservoirs for many mammalian coronaviruses, which have received renewed interest after the discovery of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) cov in humans. this study describes the identification and molecular characterization of alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in bats in italy, from 2010 to 2012. sixty-nine faecal samples and 126 carcasses were tested using pan-coronavirus rt-pcr. coronavirus rnas were detected i ... | 2013 | 24184965 |
| road effects on bat activity depend on surrounding habitat type. | the effects of roads on bats are still a poorly documented issue. most of the available research focuses on large and high-traffic highways, while low-medium-traffic roads are often assumed to have negligible impacts. however, small roads are ubiquitous in landscapes around the world. we examined the effects of these roads, as well as habitat types, on the activity of three bat guilds (short-, mid- and long-range echolocators) and the most common bat species pipistrellus kuhlii. we performed thr ... | 2019 | 30640102 |
| evaporative water loss in kuhl's pipistrelles declines along an environmental gradient, from mesic to hyperarid. | intraspecific variation in animal energy and water balances may play an important role in local adaptation of populations to specific habitats such as deserts. we examined kuhl's pipistrelle (pipistrellus kuhlii), a common bat in israel that ranges in distribution from mesic mediterranean to hyperarid desert habitats, for intraspecific differences in metabolic rate (mr) and evaporative water loss (ewl) among populations along a climatic gradient. we tested the prediction that ewl, especially at ... | 2020 | 31655113 |
| artificial illumination near rivers may alter bat-insect trophic interactions. | artificial illumination at night represents an increasingly concerning threat to ecosystems worldwide, altering persistence, behaviour, physiology and fitness of many organisms and their mutual interactions, in the long-term affecting ecosystem functioning. bats are very sensitive to artificial light at night because they are obligate nocturnal and feed on insects which are often also responsive to lights. here we tested the effects of led lighting on prey-predator interactions at riverine ecosy ... | 2019 | 31284209 |
| full genome characterization of two novel alpha-coronavirus species from italian bats. | coronaviruses (covs) have been detected worldwide in several bat species, which are considered the main reservoir. the attention to the high diversity of covs hosted by bats has increased during the last decade due to the high number of human infections caused by two zoonotic beta-covs, sars-cov and mers-cov, that cause several respiratory diseases. among coronaviruses, two alpha-cov strains (hucov-229e and hucov-nl63) cause mild respiratory disease that can change to severe disease in children, ... | 2019 | 30447246 |
| tillage and herbicide reduction mitigate the gap between conventional and organic farming effects on foraging activity of insectivorous bats. | the increased use of pesticides and tillage intensification is known to negatively affect biodiversity. changes in these agricultural practices such as herbicide and tillage reduction have variable effects among taxa, especially at the top of the trophic network including insectivorous bats. very few studies compared the effects of agricultural practices on such taxa, and overall, only as a comparison of conventional versus organic farming without accurately accounting for underlying practices, ... | 2018 | 29435227 |
| bats use path integration rather than acoustic flow to assess flight distance along flyways. | navigation can be achieved using different strategies from simple beaconing to complex map-based movement [1-4]. bats display remarkable navigation capabilities, ranging from nightly commutes of several kilometers and up to seasonal migrations over thousands of kilometers [5]. many bats have been suggested to fly along fixed routes termed "flyways," when flying from their roost to their foraging sites [6]. flyways commonly stretch along linear landscape elements such as tree lines, hedges, or ri ... | 2017 | 29153322 |
| the occurrence and distribution of bats in qatar. | the distributions of bat species in qatar have not previously been recorded. we conducted the first nation-wide survey of bats in qatar. based on sonogram analysis, we identified asellia tridens, otonycteris hemprichii, and pipistrellus kuhlii. the most commonly recorded species was asellia tridens, the only species recorded in the northern half of the country. contrary to our prediction, the likelihood of recording bats was not higher in the northern half of the country where there are many irr ... | 2021 | 33162623 |
| an appetite for pests: synanthropic insectivorous bats exploit cotton pest irruptions and consume various deleterious arthropods. | conservation biological control (cbc) seeks to minimize the deleterious effects of agricultural pests by enhancing the efficiency of natural enemies. despite the documented potential of insectivorous bats to consume pests, many synanthropic bat species are still underappreciated as beneficial species. we investigated the diet of kuhl's pipistrelle (pipistrellus kuhlii), a common synanthropic insectivorous bat that forages in urban and agricultural areas, to determine whether it may function as a ... | 2020 | 32153071 |
| bat-infesting chiggers (acariformes: trombiculidae) of the balearic islands and new data on the genus trisetica traub et evans, 1950. | a sample of chigger mites from bat hosts collected in the balearic islands (western mediterranean sea) is found to include two species. these are the first records of bat-infesting chiggers identified to species in spain. chiggers collected from pipistrellus kuhlii (kuhl) in menorca are identified as oudemansidium komareki (daniel et dusbábek, 1959); this species, which was known from austria, bulgaria, romania, slovakia, moldova, crimea, and azerbaijan, is recorded for the first time in spain. ... | 2019 | 31696833 |
| detection and full genome characterization of two beta cov viruses related to middle east respiratory syndrome from bats in italy. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), which belongs to beta group of coronavirus, can infect multiple host species and causes severe diseases in humans. multiple surveillance and phylogenetic studies suggest a bat origin. in this study, we describe the detection and full genome characterization of two covs closely related to mers-cov from two italian bats, pipistrellus kuhlii and hypsugo savii. | 2017 | 29258555 |
| isolation of a novel rhabdovirus from an insectivorous bat (pipistrellus kuhlii) in italy. | rhabdoviridae is one of the most ecologically diverse families of rna viruses which can infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. bats, among mammals, are pointed to harbor a significantly higher proportion of unknown or emerging viruses with zoonotic potential. herein, we report the isolation of a novel rhabdovirus, detected in the framework of a virological survey on bats implemented in north italy. | 2018 | 29454370 |
| eimeria chiropteri n.sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from saudi arabian bat pipistrellus kuhlii (chiroptera: vespertilionidae). | oocysts of eimeria chiropteri n.sp. are described from faeces of pipistrellus kuhlii from saudi arabia. the sporulated oocyst of e. chiropteri is broadly ellipsoidal 23.5 x 20.6 (18.8 - 25.9 x 16.5 - 25.2) microm, and bilayered wall 1.2 (1.1 - 1.3) microm thick. micropyle is absent, but a single, spherical polar body present. oocyst residuum is present as a coarse granular sphere. sporocyst is ovoid 10.8 x 7.5 (10.1 - 11.7 x 6.8 - 8.1). stieda body is present, but sub and parastieda bodies are a ... | 1999 | 12561906 |
| six reference-quality genomes reveal evolution of bat adaptations. | bats possess extraordinary adaptations, including flight, echolocation, extreme longevity and unique immunity. high-quality genomes are crucial for understanding the molecular basis and evolution of these traits. here we incorporated long-read sequencing and state-of-the-art scaffolding protocols1 to generate, to our knowledge, the first reference-quality genomes of six bat species (rhinolophus ferrumequinum, rousettus aegyptiacus, phyllostomus discolor, myotis myotis, pipistrellus kuhlii and mo ... | 2020 | 32699395 |
| anatomical features of the tongue of two chiropterans endemic in the egyptian fauna; the egyptian fruit bat (rousettus aegyptiacus) and insectivorous bat (pipistrellus kuhlii). | the current study aimed to investigate the tongue (lingual) morphometry, histology, and histochemistry of two chiropterans endemic in the egyptian fauna, and having different feeding preferences. the tongues of nine adult individuals of each species were utilized in our investigation. the tongue of fruit-eating bat was observed relatively longer than the one of insect-eating bat. grossly, the insect-eating bat had a lingual prominence on the dorsum of lingual body, while the fruit-eating bat had ... | 2020 | 31955907 |
| surveillance for adenoviruses in bats in italy. | adenoviruses are important pathogens of humans and animals. bats have been recognized as potential reservoirs of novel viruses, with some viruses being regarded as a possible zoonotic threat to humans. in this study, we report the detection and analysis of adenoviruses from different bat species in northern italy. upon sequence and phylogenetic analysis, based on a short diagnostic fragment of the highly-conserved dna polymerase gene, we identified potential novel candidate adenovirus species, i ... | 2019 | 31174292 |