Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| salmonella in raw chicken meat from the romanian seaside: frequency of isolation and antibiotic resistance. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of salmonella in raw chicken meat samples collected at the romanian seaside and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. in 2012, 317 chicken meat samples from slaughterhouses (n = 289) and retail markets (n = 28) were evaluated. overall, 13.2% (42) of the samples contained salmonella; 12.8% (37) and 17.8% (5) from the chicken carcasses at slaughterhouses and the fresh meat from retail markets, respectively. eight s ... | 2015 | 25951397 |
| two draft genome sequences of a new serovar of salmonella enterica, serovar lubbock. | salmonella enterica is principally a foodborne pathogen that shows considerable serovar diversity. in this report, we present two draft genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar lubbock, a novel serovar. | 2015 | 25883279 |
| draft genome sequence of multidrug resistant salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden isolated from seafood. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar weltevereden is the most frequent serovar isolated from asia. here, we report a draft genome sequence of multidrug resistant salmonella weltevreden 9 isolated from seafood. whole-genome of this isolate and annotation will help enhance the understanding of this pathogenic multidrug-resistant serovar. | 2015 | 25874015 |
| anti-salmonella activity of volatile compounds of vietnam coriander. | essential oil derived from the fresh leaves of polygonum odoratum lour was tested for their effects on a foodborne bacterium salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis atcc 35640 using a broth dilution method. this essential oil showed a significant antibacterial activity against s. choleraesuis at the concentration of 200 µg/ml. twenty-five volatile compounds were characterized from this essential oil by gc-ms, and aldehyde compounds were found abundant and accounted for more than three-fourth ... | 2015 | 25870012 |
| genome-wide methylation patterns in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars. | the methylation of dna bases plays an important role in numerous biological processes including development, gene expression, and dna replication. salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, and methylation in salmonella is implicated in virulence. using single molecule real-time (smrt) dna-sequencing, we sequenced and assembled the complete genomes of eleven salmonella enterica isolates from nine different serovars, and analysed the whole-genome methylation patterns of each genome. we descri ... | 2015 | 25860355 |
| acquisition of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and colistin-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport by pilgrims during hajj. | gatherings like the hajj involving many people who travel from different parts of the world represent a risk for the acquisition and dissemination of infectious diseases. in this study, acquisition of multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella spp. in 2013 hajj pilgrims from marseille, france, was investigated. in total, 267 rectal swabs were collected from 129 participants before their departure and after their return from the pilgrimage as well as during the pilgrimage from patients with diarrhoea. ... | 2015 | 25769786 |
| a fatal case of iliopsoas abscess caused by salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis that heterogeneously formed mucoid colonies. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis, an organism highly adapted to swine, rarely causes invasive human infection. we describe a fatal case of salmonella ser. choleraesuis infection developing iliopsoas abscess. a part of organisms recovered from the blood formed mucoid colonies, which became reactive to anti-o antigen antisera after either heat treatment or subculture through semisolid agar. | 2015 | 25737074 |
| complete sequences of six inca/c plasmids of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport. | multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport has been a long-standing public health concern in the united states. we present the complete sequences of six inca/c plasmids from animal-derived mdr s. newport ranging from 80.1 to 158.5 kb. they shared a genetic backbone with s. newport inca/c plasmids psn254 and pam04528. | 2015 | 25720681 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar napoli strain sn310, cause of a multischool outbreak in milan, italy, in 2014. | we report the draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar napoli strain sn310, isolated from a stool sample of an affected pupil during a multischool outbreak in 2014 in milan, italy. this represents the first reported draft genome sequence of the emerging serovar napoli. | 2015 | 26358605 |
| comparative evaluation of the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of smoke condensate derived from korean cigarettes. | cigarette smoking is associated with carcinogenesis owing to the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of cigarette smoke. the aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of korean cigarettes using in vitro assays. | 2015 | 26796893 |
| salmonella enterica typhimurium fljba operon stability: implications regarding the origin of salmonella enterica i 4,[5],12:i:. | salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- has been responsible for many recent salmonella outbreaks worldwide. several studies indicate that this serovar originated from s. enterica subsp enterica serovar typhimurium, by the loss of the flagellar phase ii gene (fljb) and adjacent sequences. however, at least two different clones of s. enterica 4,5,12:i:- exist that differs in the molecular events responsible for fljb deletion. the aim of this study was to test the stability of the fl ... | 2015 | 26782556 |
| first complete genome sequence of a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby strain associated with pork in france. | in france, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby is one of the most often isolated serovars in pigs. here, we describe the draft genome sequence of a strain isolated from a pig. this strain had the most frequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antimicrobial patterns (s, ssu, t) usually observed in pig production in france. those patterns have been also highlighted in human isolates. | 2015 | 26227607 |
| pectin and xyloglucan influence the attachment of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes to bacterial cellulose-derived plant cell wall models. | minimally processed fresh produce has been implicated as a major source of foodborne microbial pathogens globally. these pathogens must attach to the produce in order to be transmitted. cut surfaces of produce that expose cell walls are particularly vulnerable. little is known about the roles that different structural components (cellulose, pectin, and xyloglucan) of plant cell walls play in the attachment of foodborne bacterial pathogens. using bacterial cellulose-derived plant cell wall models ... | 2015 | 26567310 |
| non-saccharomyces yeasts protect against epithelial cell barrier disruption induced by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. | the human gastrointestinal epithelium makes up the largest barrier separating the body from the external environment. whereas invasive pathogens cause epithelial barrier disruption, probiotic micro-organisms modulate tight junction regulation and improve epithelial barrier function. in addition, probiotic strains may be able to reduce epithelial barrier disruption caused by pathogenic species. the aim of this study was to explore non-saccharomyces yeast modulation of epithelial cell barrier func ... | 2015 | 26280244 |
| removal of pathogenic bacterial biofilms by combinations of oxidizing compounds. | bacterial biofilms are commonly formed on medical devices and food processing surfaces. the antimicrobials used have limited efficacy against the biofilms; therefore, new strategies to prevent and remove these structures are needed. here, the effectiveness of brief oxidative treatments, based on the combination of sodium hypochlorite (naclo) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) in the presence of copper sulfate (cuso4), were evaluated against bacterial laboratory strains and clinical isolates, both in p ... | 2015 | 25864510 |
| whole genome sequencing provides possible explanations for the difference in phage susceptibility among two salmonella typhimurium phage types (dt8 and dt30) associated with a single foodborne outbreak. | phage typing has been used for decades as a rapid, low cost approach for the epidemiological surveillance of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. although molecular methods are replacing phage typing the system is still in use and provides a valuable model for study of phage-host interaction. phage typing depends on the pattern of bacterial resistance or sensitivity to a panel of specific bacteriophages. in the phage typing scheme, s. typhimurium definitive phage types (dt) 8 ... | 2015 | 26613761 |
| partition locus-based classification of selected plasmids in klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli and salmonella enterica spp.: an additional tool. | the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in enterobacteriaceae has been largely attributed to plasmids, circular dna molecules capable of autonomous replication. whereas high-copy-number plasmids primarily rely on passive diffusion for plasmid maintenance, low-copy-number plasmids utilize so-called partition (par) systems. plasmid partition relies on three structures, i.e. a centromere like dna site, a centromere-binding protein and an atpase or a gtpase motor protein for plasmid posi ... | 2015 | 25623509 |
| characterization of lactobacillus fermentum pl9988 isolated from healthy elderly korean in a longevity village. | in this work, we wanted to develop a probiotic from famous longevity villages in korea. we visited eight longevity villages in korea to collect fecal samples from healthy adults who were aged above 80 years and had regular bowel movements, and isolated lactic-acid-producing bacteria from the samples. isolated colonies that appeared on mrs agar containing bromophenol blue were identified by means of 16s rrna sequencing, and 102 of the isolates were identified as lactic-acid-producing bacteria (18 ... | 2015 | 26095384 |
| potential probiotic attributes of a new strain of bacillus coagulans cgmcc 9951 isolated from healthy piglet feces. | a new strain of bacillus coagulans cgmcc 9551, which has a broad range of antibacterial activities against six main pathogenic bacteria including escherichia coli o8, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis, streptococcus suis, listeria monocytogenes and pasteurella multocida, was isolated from healthy piglet feces. in adhesion assay, the isolate exhibited a stronger adhesion to pig intestinal mucus than that of b. subtilis jt143 and l. acidophilus ly24 res ... | 2015 | 25752235 |
| effects of norspermidine and spermidine on biofilm formation by potentially pathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella enterica wild-type strains. | polyamines are present in all living cells. in bacteria, polyamines are involved in a variety of functions, including biofilm formation, thus indicating that polyamines may have potential in the control of unwanted biofilm. in the present study, the effects of the polyamines norspermidine and spermidine on biofilms of 10 potentially pathogenic wild-type strains of escherichia coli serotype o103:h2, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, and s. enterica serovar agona were invest ... | 2015 | 25595767 |
| identification of bapa in strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from wild animals kept in captivity in sinaloa, mexico. | bapa, previously named stm2689, encodes the bapa protein, which, along with cellulose and fimbriae, constitutes biofilms. biofilms are communities of microorganisms that grow in a matrix of exopolysaccharides and may adhere to living tissues or inert surfaces. biofilm formation is associated with the ability to persist in different environments, which contributes to the pathogenicity of several species. we analyzed the presence of bapa in 83 strains belonging to 17 serovars of salmonella enteric ... | 2016 | 27379195 |
| prevalence and characteristics of salmonella and campylobacter in retail poultry meat in japan. | this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and campylobacter spp. in poultry meat, and to analyze the association of genetic types of these bacteria with their geographical distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles. fifty-four and 71 of 100 samples were found to be contaminated with salmonella and campylobacter, respectively. nine salmonella serotypes were found, including s. enteric ... | 2016 | 27580577 |
| recovery estimation of dried foodborne pathogens is directly related to rehydration kinetics. | drying is a common process which is used to preserve food products and technological microorganisms, but which is deleterious for the cells. the aim of this study is to differentiate the effects of drying alone from the effects of the successive and necessary rehydration. rehydration of dried bacteria is a critical step already studied in starter culture but not for different kinetics and not for pathogens. in the present study, the influence of rehydration kinetics was investigated for three fo ... | 2016 | 27494169 |
| bifidobacterium thermophilum rbl67 impacts on growth and virulence gene expression of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. | bifidobacterium thermophilum rbl67 (rbl67), a human fecal isolate and health promoting candidate shows antagonistic and protective effects against salmonella and listeria spec. in vitro. however, the underlying mechanisms fostering these effects remain unknown. in this study, the interactions of rbl67 and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium n-15 (n-15) were explored by global transcriptional analysis. | 2016 | 26988691 |
| aneurysm of the cranial mesenteric artery as a site of carriage of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi in the horse. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi is a pathogen restricted to horses. our investigation targeted 4 draft horses (9-10 months old) kept on a japanese farm that had suffered an outbreak of s. abortusequi abortion. the 4 horses were suspected to be carriers of the bacterium owing to their high agglutination titers (≥1:2,560) in tube agglutination testing. the owners' on-farm observations confirmed that the horses had no apparent abnormalities, and s. abortusequi was not isolat ... | 2016 | 27271985 |
| isolation, identification, and evaluation of novel probiotic strains isolated from feces of breast-fed infants. | to isolate, identify, and evaluate the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants. | 2016 | 26817236 |
| probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk. | the objective of this study was to identify and characterize lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk, with an emphasis on their probiotic properties. | 2016 | 27159339 |
| label-free mapping of single bacterial cells using surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. | here we presented a simple, rapid and label-free surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) based mapping method for the detection and discrimination of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli on silver dendrites. the sample preparation was first optimized to maximize sensitivity. the mapping method was then used to scan through the bacterial cells adsorbed on the surface of silver dendrites. the intrinsic and distinct sers signals of bacterial cells were used as the basis for label-free detect ... | 2016 | 26750611 |
| whole-genome sequencing identifies in vivo acquisition of a blactx-m-27-carrying incfii transmissible plasmid as the cause of ceftriaxone treatment failure for an invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection. | we report a case of ceftriaxone treatment failure for bacteremia caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, due to the in vivo acquisition of a blactx-m-27-encoding incfii group transmissible plasmid. the original β-lactamase-susceptible isolate st882s was replaced by the resistant isolate st931r during ceftriaxone treatment. after relapse, treatment was changed to ciprofloxacin, and the patient recovered. isolate st931r could transfer resistance to escherichia coli at 37 ... | 2016 | 27671066 |
| loop-to-helix transition in the structure of multidrug regulator acrr at the entrance of the drug-binding cavity. | multidrug transcription regulator acrr from salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium str. lt2 belongs to the tetracycline repressor family, one of the largest groups of bacterial transcription factors. the crystal structure of dimeric acrr was determined and refined to 1.56å resolution. the tertiary and quaternary structures of acrr are similar to those of its homologs. the multidrug binding site was identified based on structural alignment with homologous proteins and has a di(hy ... | 2016 | 26796657 |
| evaluation of molecular typing of foodborne pathogens in european reference laboratories from 2012 to 2013. | in 2012, the european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc) initiated external quality assessment (eqa) schemes for molecular typing including the national public health reference laboratories in europe. the overall aim for these eqa schemes was to enhance the european surveillance of food-borne pathogens by evaluating and improving the quality and comparability of molecular typing. the eqas were organised by statens serum institut (ssi) and included salmonella enterica subsp. enteric ... | 2016 | 28006653 |
| effect of temperature and nutrient concentration on survival of foodborne pathogens in deciduous fruit processing environments for effective hygiene management. | temperature and good sanitation practices are important factors for controlling growth of microorganisms. fresh produce is stored at various temperatures to ensure quality and to prolong shelf life. when foodborne pathogens survive and grow on fresh produce at storage temperatures, then additional control strategies are needed to inactivate these pathogens. the aim of this study was to determine how temperatures associated with deciduous fruit processing and storage facilities (0.5, 4, and 21°c) ... | 2016 | 28221909 |
| biofilm formation, phenotypic production of cellulose and gene expression in salmonella enterica decrease under anaerobic conditions. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is one of the main food-borne pathogens. this microorganism combines an aerobic life outside the host with an anaerobic life within the host. one of the main concerns related to s. enterica is biofilm formation and cellulose production. in this study, biofilm formation, morphotype, cellulose production and transcription of biofilm and quorum sensing-related genes of 11 s. enterica strains were tested under three different conditions: aerobiosis, microaerobiosi ... | 2016 | 27592071 |
| natural antimicrobials and high-pressure treatments on the inactivation of salmonella enteritidis and escherichia coli o157:h7 in cold-smoked salmon. | high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) combined with reuterin and lactoperoxidase system (lps) has exerted antimicrobial activity against listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon at chilled temperatures. therefore the purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of hhp combined with reuterin, lps and lactoferrin (lf) on the survival of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis and escherichia coli o157:h7 in cold-smoked salmon stored at 4 and 10 °c. | 2016 | 26268416 |
| complete genome and plasmid sequences of three canadian isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar heidelberg from human and food sources. | isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar heidelberg are often associated with poultry products and may cause severe human illness. here, we report the fully assembled genome and plasmid sequences of three s. heidelberg strains with phage types 9, 29, and 41. | 2016 | 26769926 |
| unraveling the effects of static magnetic field stress on cytosolic proteins of salmonella by using a proteomic approach. | the present study investigated the adaptation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar hadar to static magnetic field (smf) exposure (200 mt, 9 h). the proteomic analysis provides an overview of potentially important cytosolic proteins that salmonella needs to regulate to survive and adapt to magnetic stress. via 2-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we compared cytosolic proteomes before and after exposure to magnetic field. a total of 35 protei ... | 2016 | 26928316 |
| complete genome sequence and methylome of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica cerro, a frequent dairy cow serovar. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cerro is an infrequent pathogen of humans and other mammals but is frequently isolated from the hindgut of asymptomatic cattle in the united states. to further understand the genomic determinants of s. cerro specificity for the bovine hindgut, the genome of isolate cfsan001588 was fully sequenced and deposited in the genbank database. | 2016 | 26823571 |
| complete whole-genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar java nctc5706. | salmonellae are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. here, we report the first complete genome sequence for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar java strain nctc5706. this strain is of historical significance, having been isolated in the pre-antibiotic era and was deposited into the national collection of type cultures in 1939. | 2016 | 27811100 |
| genome sequences of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains from broiler chicks in hungary. | three strains of salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolated from healthy broiler chickens from 2012 to 2013 have been sequenced. comparison of these and previously published s infantis genome sequences of broiler origin in 1996 and 2004 will provide new insight into the genome evolution and recent spread of s infantis in poultry. | 2016 | 27979950 |
| whole genome sequencing provides insights into the genetic determinants of invasiveness in salmonella dublin. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin (s. dublin) is one of the non-typhoidal salmonella (nts); however, a relatively high proportion of human infections are associated with invasive disease. we applied whole genome sequencing to representative invasive and non-invasive clinical isolates of s. dublin to determine the genomic variations among them and to investigate the underlying genetic determinants associated with invasiveness in s. dublin. although no particular genomic variation ... | 2016 | 26996313 |
| broilers with low serum mannose-binding lectin show increased fecal shedding of salmonella enterica serovar montevideo. | mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a key molecule in innate immunity. mbl binds to carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens, initiating the complement system via the lectin-dependent pathway or facilitates opsonophagocytosis. in vivo studies using inbred chicken lines differing in mbl serum concentration indicate that chicken mbl affects salmonella resistance; further studies are imperative in conventional broiler chickens. in this study 104 conventional day-old chickens (offspring from a cross be ... | 2016 | 26994208 |
| complete genome and methylome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar panama (atcc 7378) and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar sloterdijk (atcc 15791). | salmonella enterica spp. are pathogenic bacteria commonly associated with food-borne outbreaks in human and animals. salmonella enterica spp. are characterized into more than 2,500 different serotypes, which makes epidemiological surveillance and outbreak control more difficult. in this report, we announce the first complete genome and methylome sequences from two salmonella type strains associated with food-borne outbreaks, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar panama (atcc 7378) and salm ... | 2016 | 26988049 |
| draft genome sequence of a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum bv. gallinarum isolate associated with fowl typhoid outbreaks in brazil. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum bv. gallinarum strains are bird pathogens causing fowl typhoid (ft). isolate br_rs12 was obtained from a poultry flock with ft in 2014. the sequencing of this genome will enable to track the origin of the recent outbreaks in brazil. | 2016 | 26950322 |
| complete closed genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes anatum, montevideo, typhimurium, and newport, isolated from beef, cattle, and humans. | salmonella enterica spp. are a diverse group of bacteria with a wide range of virulence potential. to facilitate genome comparisons across this virulence spectrum, we present eight complete closed genome sequences of four s. enterica serotypes (anatum, montevideo, typhimurium, and newport), isolated from various cattle samples and from humans. | 2016 | 26847891 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar putten strain crjjgf_00159 (phylum gammaproteobacteria). | here, we report a 4.90 mbp draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar putten strain crjjgf_00159 isolated from food animal in 2004. | 2016 | 27587814 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar blockley strain crjjgf_00147 (phylum gammaproteobacteria). | here, we report a 4.72-mbp draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar blockley strain crjjgf_00147, isolated from chicken rinse in 2009. | 2016 | 27609923 |
| characterization and evaluation of a salmonella enterica serotype senftenberg mutant created by deletion of virulence-related genes for use as a live attenuated vaccine. | natural infections of chickens with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar senftenberg (s. senftenberg) are characterized by low-level intestinal invasiveness and insignificant production of antibodies. in this study, we investigated the potential effects of lon and cpxr gene deletions on the invasiveness of s senftenberg into the intestinal epithelium of chickens and its ability to induce an immune response, conferring protection against s senftenberg infection. with the allelic exchange m ... | 2016 | 27489135 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar indiana c629, a carbapenem-resistant bacterium isolated from chicken carcass in china. | the carbapenem-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar indiana strain c629 was isolated from a chicken carcass collected from a slaughterhouse in qingdao, china. the complete genome sequence of c629 contains a circular 4,791,723-bp chromosome and a circular 210,106-bp plasmid. genes involved in carbapenem resistance of this bacterium were identified by whole-genome analysis. | 2016 | 27417837 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar widemarsh strain crjjgf_00058 (phylum gammaproteobacteria). | here, we report a 4.73 mbp draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar widemarsh strain crjjgf_00058, isolated from eggs in 2008. | 2016 | 27417830 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar lille strain crjjgf_000101 (phylum gammaproteobacteria). | here, we report a 4.98 mbp draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar lille strain crjjgf_000101, isolated from ground beef in 2007. | 2016 | 27417829 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar kiambu strain crjjgf_00061 (phylum gammaproteobacteria). | we report a 4.58 mbp draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar kiambu strain crjjgf_00061 isolated from cattle in 2004. | 2016 | 27389263 |
| experimental infection of chickens by a flagellated motile strain of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum (sg) causes fowl typhoid (ft), a septicaemic disease which can result in high mortality in poultry flocks. the absence of flagella in sg is thought to favour systemic invasion, since bacterial recognition via toll-like receptor (tlr)-5 does not take place during the early stages of ft. in the present study, chicks susceptible to ft were inoculated with a wild type sg (sg) or its flagellated motile derivative (sg fla(+)). in ... | 2016 | 27387725 |
| comparison of microbial communities isolated from feces of asymptomatic salmonella-shedding and non-salmonella shedding dairy cows. | in the united states salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes kentucky and cerro are frequently isolated from asymptomatic dairy cows. however, factors that contribute to colonization of the bovine gut by these two serotypes have not been identified. to investigate associations between salmonella status and bacterial diversity, as well as the diversity of the microbial community in the dairy cow hindgut, the bacterial and archaeal communities of fecal samples from cows on a single dairy far ... | 2016 | 27313565 |
| complete and closed genome sequences of 10 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar anatum isolates from human and bovine sources. | salmonella enterica is an important pathogen transmitted by numerous vectors. genomic comparisons of salmonella strains from disparate hosts have the potential to further our understanding of mechanisms underlying host specificities and virulence. here, we present the closed genome and plasmid sequences of 10 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar anatum isolates from bovine and human sources. | 2016 | 27257192 |
| genomic and evolutionary analysis of two salmonella enterica serovar kentucky sequence types isolated from bovine and poultry sources in north america. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar kentucky is frequently isolated from healthy poultry and dairy cows and is occasionally isolated from people with clinical disease. a genomic analysis of 119 isolates collected in the united states from dairy cows, ground beef, poultry and poultry products, and human clinical cases was conducted. results of the analysis demonstrated that the majority of poultry and bovine-associated s. kentucky were sequence type (st) 152. several bovine-associated (n ... | 2016 | 27695032 |
| molecular identification of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum by a duplex pcr assay. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum (s gallinarum) and biovar pullorum (s pullorum) are 2 poultry pathogens that cause major economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. control of both diseases mainly relies on the adoption of biosecurity programs, and success is dependent on accurate and fast detection. based on this concept, we developed a duplex pcr assay, targeting 2 chromosomal sequences, which allowed us to precisely identify and differentiate s ... | 2016 | 27216724 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar orion strain crjjgf_00093 (phylum gammaproteobacteria). | here, we report a 4.70-mbp draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar orion strain crjjgf_00093, isolated from a dog in 2005. | 2016 | 27688320 |
| genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar lubbock strains isolated from liver abscesses of feedlot cattle. | the genome sequencing of 13 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar lubbock strains isolated from liver abscesses of feedlot cattle is reported here. the availability of these genomes will help to further understand the etiologic role of salmonella strains in liver abscesses of cattle and will serve as references in microbial trace-back studies to improve food safety. | 2016 | 27151794 |
| draft genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar berta atcc 8392 and a nalidixic acid-resistant isolate of this strain. | italic! salmonella entericasubspecies italic! entericaserovar berta has been isolated in multiple animal species and has been implicated in human disease. here, we report a 4.7-mbp draft genome sequence of italic! s. entericaserovar berta (atcc strain 8392) and a nalidixic acid-resistant isolate derived from this strain. | 2016 | 27103707 |
| complete genome sequences of 17 canadian isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar heidelberg from human, animal, and food sources. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar heidelberg is a highly clonal serovar frequently associated with foodborne illness. to facilitate subtyping efforts, we report fully assembled genome sequences of 17 canadian s heidelberg isolates including six pairs of epidemiologically related strains. the plasmid sequences of eight isolates contain several drug resistance genes. | 2016 | 27635008 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar bardo strain crjjgf_00099 (phylum gammaproteobacteria). | here, we report a 4.87-mbp draft genome sequence of the multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar bardo strain crjjgf_00099, isolated from dairy cattle in 2005. | 2016 | 27634995 |
| salmonella infection and carriage in reptiles in a zoological collection. | objective to identify important subspecies and serovars of salmonella enterica in a captive reptile population and clinically relevant risk factors for and signs of illness in salmonella-positive reptiles. design retrospective cross-sectional study. animals 11 crocodilians (4 samples), 78 snakes (91 samples), 59 lizards (57 samples), and 34 chelonians (23 samples) at the bronx zoo from 2000 through 2012. procedures data pertaining to various types of biological samples obtained from reptiles wit ... | 2016 | 27074614 |
| draft whole-genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars enteritidis, veneziana, and salford, isolated from herbs. | salmonellais a foodborne pathogen found in a wide variety of sources. here, we report draft genome sequences of threesalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovars found in herbs: enteritidis, veneziana, and salford, with the latter two being extremely rare in california. | 2016 | 27013038 |
| antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic nontyphoidal salmonella: an alarming trend? | zoonotic bacteria of the genus salmonella have acquired various antimicrobial resistance properties over the years. the corresponding resistance genes are commonly located on plasmids, transposons, gene cassettes, or variants of the salmonella genomic islands sgi1 and sgi2. human infections by nontyphoidal salmonella isolates mainly result from ingestion of contaminated food. the two predominantly found salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars in the usa and in europe are s. enteritidis and ... | 2016 | 27506509 |
| detection and molecular characterization of salmonella enterica serovar eppendorf circulating in chicken farms in tunisia. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar eppendorf, with antigenic formula 1,4,12,[27]:d:1,5, is an infrequent serovar. however, 14% (20 of 142) of the isolates recovered during june-july 2012 in chicken farms in tunisia belonged to s. eppendorf. these isolates were analysed for resistance and virulence profiles. none of them were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, while 70%, 60%, 50%, 50%, 20% and 5% were resistant to sulphonamides (sul1, sul2 and sul3), streptomycin (aada1-like), tri ... | 2016 | 26537844 |
| whole genome sequencing provides an unambiguous link between salmonella dublin outbreak strain and a historical isolate. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin is an uncommon cause of human salmonellosis; however, a relatively high proportion of cases are associated with invasive disease. the serotype is associated with cattle. a geographically diffuse outbreak of s. dublin involving nine patients occurred in ireland in 2013. the source of infection was not identified. typing of outbreak associated isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was of limited value because pfge has limited discrim ... | 2016 | 26165314 |
| whole-genome sequencing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar ouakam isolated from ground turkey. | in this report, we announce the first whole-genome sequencing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar ouakam strain gnt-01, isolated from ground turkey retail meat. the strain has a chromosome of 5,088,451 bp long, with a g+c content of 52.3%, and a plasmid of 109,715 bp. | 2016 | 26798110 |
| complete genome and methylome sequences of two salmonella enterica spp. | salmonella enterica is responsible for major foodborne outbreaks worldwide. it can cause gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. salmonella infections raise public health concerns along with consequential economic impacts. in this report, we announce the first complete genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraeuis (s. choleraeuis) atcc 10708 and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar pullorum (s. pullorum) atcc 9120, isolated from patien ... | 2016 | 26798102 |
| application of antimicrobial agents via commercial spray cabinet to inactivate salmonella on skinless chicken meat. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium is a food safety concern for raw poultry products. new and innovative application methods of antimicrobials for the reduction of salmonella in poultry and poultry products are essential. the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of three antimicrobial compounds against salmonella on raw chicken meat when applied individually and in combination using a commercial spray cabinet. raw chicken thigh meat inoculated with 5 log cfu/g sal ... | 2016 | 27052860 |
| the evaluation and application of multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) for the molecular epidemiological study of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis infection. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is one of the most prevalent salmonella serotypes that cause gastroenteritis worldwide and the most prevalent serotype causing salmonella infections in china. a rapid molecular typing method with high throughput and good epidemiological discrimination is urgently needed for detecting the outbreaks and finding the source for effective control of s. enteritidis infections. | 2016 | 26823185 |
| complete, closed genome sequences of 10 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated from human and bovine sources. | salmonella enterica is a leading cause of enterocolitis for humans and animals. s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium infects a broad range of hosts. to facilitate genomic comparisons among isolates from different sources, we present the complete genome sequences of 10 s typhimurium strains, 5 each isolated from human and bovine sources. | 2016 | 27811097 |
| draft genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars typhimurium and nottingham isolated from food products. | a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) designed to detect salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis, targeting the sdf gene, generated positive results for s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (cfsan033950) and s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar nottingham (cfsan006803) isolated from food samples. both strains show pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns distinct from those of s enteritidis. here, we report the genome sequences of these two strains. | 2016 | 27445384 |
| whole-genome sequencing analysis of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates in chile provides insights into possible transmission between gulls, poultry, and humans. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis is a major cause of human salmonellosis worldwide; however, little is known about the genetic relationships between s enteritidis clinical strains and s enteritidis strains from other sources in chile. we compared the whole genomes of 30 s enteritidis strains isolated from gulls, domestic chicken eggs, and humans in chile, to investigate their phylogenetic relationships and to establish their relatedness to international strains. core geno ... | 2016 | 27520817 |
| higher storage temperature causes greater salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium internal penetration of artificially contaminated, commercially available, washed free range eggs. | foodborne salmonellosis is a major public health concern, with contaminated eggs identified as a significant source of infection. in australia, the most prevalent cause of salmonellosis from eggs is salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. this study explored the effect of temperature after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of storage on commercially available washed free range eggs, artificially contaminated with salmonella typhimurium on the external surface. at each time point, the ex ... | 2016 | 27357046 |
| antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from pigs at slaughter and abattoir environment. | forty-five multi-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar (s.) typhimurium isolates obtained at five pig abattoirs in southern brazil were characterized. their relatedness was determined by xbai-macrorestriction analysis. resistance genes, integrons and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (pmqr) were investigated by pcr. amplicons for the variable part of class 1 integrons and the quinolone resistance-determining regions (qrdr) were sequenced. plasmids were characterized by ... | 2016 | 27142182 |
| evaluation of ompa and pgte genes in determining pathogenicity in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is a major causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans. this important food-borne pathogen also colonises the intestinal tracts of poultry and can spread systemically, especially in chickens. to identify the s. enteritidis virulence genes involved in infection and colonisation of chickens, chromosomal deletion mutants of the ompa and pgte genes, which encode essential components of omptins, were constructed. there were no ... | 2016 | 27938704 |
| genome sequence of an australian monophasic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium isolate (tw-stm6) carrying a large plasmid with multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. | we report the genome sequence of a monophasic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium strain (tw-stm6) isolated in australia that is similar to epidemic multidrug-resistant strains from europe and elsewhere. this strain carries additional antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance genes on a large (275-kb) inchi2 plasmid. | 2017 | 28818900 |
| ground water as the source of an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis. | in september 2014, an outbreak of gastroenteritis was reported to the public health institute of šibenik and knin county in croatia. the outbreak occurred in the county center of šibenik, a town with 50,000 inhabitants, and it lasted for 12days. an epidemiological investigation suggested a nearby water spring as the source of the outbreak. due to the temporary closure of the public water supply system, the inhabitants started to use untreated water from a nearby spring. microbiological analysis ... | 2017 | 28756827 |
| comparative genomics of australian and international isolates of salmonella typhimurium: correlation of core genome evolution with crispr and prophage profiles. | salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a serovar with broad host range. to determine the genomic diversity of s. typhimurium, we sequenced 39 isolates (37 australian and 2 uk isolates) representing 14 repeats groups (rgs) determined primarily by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr). analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) among the 39 isolates yielded an average of 1,232 snps per isolate, ranging from 128 snps to 11,339 ... | 2017 | 28851865 |
| whole-genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains tt6675 and tt9097 employed in the isolation and characterization of a giant phage mutant collection. | we report here the genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains tt6675 and tt9097, which we utilize for genetic analyses of giant bacterial viruses. our analyses identified several genetic variations between the two strains, most significantly confirming strain tt6675 as a serine suppressor and tt9097 as a nonsuppressor. | 2017 | 28839032 |
| use of multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva) to investigate genetic diversity of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from human, food, and veterinary sources. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium is the most common zoonotic pathogen in bulgaria. to allow efficient outbreak investigations and surveillance in the food chain, accurate and discriminatory methods for typing are needed. this study evaluated the use of multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva) and compared results with antimicrobial resistance (amr) determinations for 100 s. typhimurium strains isolated in bulgaria during 2008-2012 (50 veterinary ... | 2017 | 28836358 |
| molecular subtyping of salmonella typhimurium with multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr (mol-pcr). | a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr (mol-pcr) assay is a valuable high-throughput technique for the detection of bacteria and viruses, for characterization of pathogens and for diagnosis of genetic diseases, as it allows one to combine different types of molecular markers in a high-throughput multiplex assay. a mol-pcr assay starts with a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation reaction for detection of the molecular marker, followed by a singleplex pcr for signal amplification and analysis of t ... | 2017 | 28600761 |
| histopathology case definition of naturally acquired salmonella enterica serovar dublin infection in young holstein cattle in the northeastern united states. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin ( salmonella dublin) is a host-adapted bacterium that causes high morbidity and mortality in dairy cattle worldwide. a retrospective search of archives at the new york animal health diagnostic center revealed 57 culture-confirmed salmonella dublin cases from new york and pennsylvania in which detailed histology of multiple tissues was available. tissues routinely submitted by referring veterinarians for histologic evaluation included sections of ... | 2017 | 28599615 |
| what were the risk factors and trends in antimicrobial resistance for enteric fever in london 2005-2012? | a study was undertaken to determine the risk factors and trends in antimicrobial resistance for enteric fever. | 2017 | 28590238 |
| next generation sequencing-based multigene panel for high throughput detection of food-borne pathogens. | contamination of food by chemicals or pathogenic bacteria may cause particular illnesses that are linked to food consumption, commonly referred to as foodborne diseases. bacteria are present in/on various foods products, such as fruits, vegetables and ready-to-eat products. bacteria that cause foodborne diseases are known as foodborne pathogens (fbps). accurate detection methods that are able to reveal the presence of fbps in food matrices are in constant demand, in order to ensure safe foods wi ... | 2017 | 28578266 |
| safety, protective immunity, and diva capability of a rough mutant salmonella pullorum vaccine candidate in broilers. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (salmonella pullorum) is highly adapted to chickens causing an acute systemic disease that results in high mortality. vaccination represents one approach for promoting animal health, food safety and reducing environmental persistence in salmonella control. an important consideration is that salmonella vaccination in poultry should not interfere with the salmonellosis monitoring program. this is the basis of the diva (differen ... | 2017 | 28424675 |
| complete genome sequences of two salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis strains isolated from egg products in the united states. | egg-associated salmonellosis is an important public health problem in many countries. here, we report the genome sequences, including plasmids, of two strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis isolated from egg products in 2012 and 2013 in the united states. this will provide more information and insight into the research about egg-associated salmonellosis. | 2017 | 28663302 |
| relationship of triamine-biocide tolerance of salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg to antimicrobial susceptibility, serum resistance and outer membrane proteins. | a new emerging phenomenon is the association between the incorrect use of biocides in the process of disinfection in farms and the emergence of cross-resistance in salmonella populations. adaptation of the microorganisms to the sub-inhibitory concentrations of the disinfectants is not clear, but may result in an increase of sensitivity or resistance to antibiotics, depending on the biocide used and the challenged salmonella serovar. exposure of five salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar se ... | 2017 | 28696348 |
| in vitro characterization of lactobacillus plantarum strains with inhibitory activity on enteropathogens for use as potential animal probiotics. | the present study evaluates the probiotic properties of three lactobacillus plantarum strains mjm60319, mjm60298, and mjm60399 possessing antimicrobial activity against animal enteric pathogens. the three strains did not show bioamine production, mucinolytic and hemolytic activity and were susceptible to common antibiotics. the l. plantarum strains survived well in the simulated orogastrointestinal transit condition and showed adherence to caco-2 cells in vitro. the l. plantarum strains showed s ... | 2017 | 28611498 |
| a role for the tetraspanin proteins in salmonella infection of human macrophages. | infected macrophages play a role in the dissemination of salmonella and may serve as a reservoir of infection in asymptomatic carriers. however, relatively little is known about the early molecular interactions of the bacteria with these cells. we have recently shown that members of the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins are involved in the initial adhesion of a range of bacteria to host cells. this study investigated the role of tetraspanins in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar t ... | 2017 | 28602860 |
| in vitro and in vivo generation of heterophil extracellular traps after salmonella exposure. | the release of extracellular traps (ets) by granulocytes is a unique strategy to stop the dissemination of microbial pathogens. this study was undertaken to elucidate the potential of avian granulocytes (heterophils) to form ets that can arrest and kill salmonella organisms. after in vitro exposure of isolated heterophils and in vivo infection of day-old chicks with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars infantis (si) or enteritidis (se), the generation of ets as well as the trapping and s ... | 2017 | 28615122 |
| the expanding targetome of small rnas in salmonella typhimurium. | the enterobacterial pathogen salmonella has long served as a model for bacterial pathogenesis, stress response, gene expression and regulation with extensive investigation involving protein function. with the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies and their applications in genomics and transcriptomics, a wealth of data particularly with respect to small rnas (srnas) is being generated. these molecules serve as regulators of major stress response and virulence networks in diverse speci ... | 2017 | 28302471 |
| quinolone susceptibility and genetic characterization of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from pet turtles. | turtle-borne salmonella enterica owns significance as a leading cause in human salmonellosis. the current study aimed to determine the quinolone susceptibility and the genetic characteristics of 21 strains of s. enterica subsp. enterica isolated from pet turtles. susceptibility of four antimicrobials including nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin was examined in disk diffusion and mic tests where the majority of the isolates were susceptible to all tested quinolones. in gen ... | 2017 | 28747968 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strain spe101, isolated from a chronic human infection. | we report a 4.99-mb draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strain spe101, isolated from feces of a 5-month-old breast-fed female showing diarrhea associated with severe dehydration and malnutrition. the infection prolonged for 6 months despite antibiotic treatment. | 2017 | 28729277 |
| draft genome sequences of 256 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis strains isolated from humans, food, chickens, and farm environments in brazil. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis emerged in the late 1980s as the most isolated salmonella serovar worldwide. here, we report the draft genomes of 256 s enteritidis strains isolated from humans, food, chickens, and farm environments in brazil. these draft genomes will help enhance our understanding of this serovar in brazil. | 2017 | 28705959 |
| quantitative risk assessment of antimicrobial-resistant foodborne infections in humans due to recombinant bovine somatotropin usage in dairy cows. | recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbst) is a production-enhancing technology that allows the dairy industry to produce milk more efficiently. concern has been raised that cows supplemented with rbst are at an increased risk of developing clinical mastitis, which would potentially increase the use of antimicrobial agents and increase human illnesses associated with antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens delivered through the dairy beef supply. the purpose of this study was to conduct a quanti ... | 2017 | 28574304 |
| temporal genomic phylogeny reconstruction indicates a geospatial transmission path of salmonella cerro in the united states and a clade-specific loss of hydrogen sulfide production. | salmonella cerro has become one of the most prevalent salmonella serotypes isolated from dairy cattle in several u.s. states, including new york where it represented 36% of all salmonella isolates of bovine origin in 2015. this serotype is commonly isolated from dairy cattle with clinical signs of salmonellosis, including diarrhea and fever, although it has also been identified in herds without evidence of clinical disease or decreased production. to better understand the transmission patterns a ... | 2017 | 28507536 |
| dynamics of mono- and dual-species biofilm formation and interactions between staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria. | microorganisms are not commonly found in the planktonic state but predominantly form dual- and multispecies biofilms in almost all natural environments. bacteria in multispecies biofilms cooperate, compete or have neutral interactions according to the involved species. here, the development of mono- and dual-species biofilms formed by staphylococcus aureus and other foodborne pathogens such as salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis, potentially pathogenic raoultella planticola a ... | 2017 | 28401747 |
| ca(2+) in hybridization solutions for fluorescence in situ hybridization facilitates the detection of enterobacteriaceae. | fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) has been employed to identify microorganisms at the single cell level under a microscope. extensive efforts have been made to improve and extend the fish technique; however, the development of a widely applicable protocol is a continuing challenge. the present study evaluated the effects of divalent cations in the hybridization solution on the fish-based detection of various species of bacteria and archaea with rrna-targeted probes. a flow cytometric ana ... | 2017 | 28515389 |
| influence of static magnetic field exposure on fatty acid composition in salmonella hadar. | we have been interested, in this work, to investigate the effect of the exposure to static magnetic field at 200 mt (smf) on the fatty acid (fa) composition of salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar hadar isolate 287: effects on the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (sfas, ufas), cyclopropane fatty acids (cfas) and hydroxy fatty acids after exposure to the static magnetic field at 200 mt (smf). analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) of total lipid showed ... | 2017 | 28455137 |